SUMMARY ABOUT THE READINGS

TEMPERATURE MEASURMENT /DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

LIBRE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

PRESENT FOR:
Fabian Ricardo Moreno Bustos
Student Environmental engineer group A I

PRESENT TO:
Sonia Torrez Garzon
Professors general chemistry

Code: 064121064
Bogot d.c
Year: 2012

TEMPERATURE MEASURMENT

The principal topic that reading speaks, is the temperature and its scales, and
as those emerged; the first definition is the temperature, based on the reading,
it says, that is the property of a body that indicate the flow of energy expressed
in heat, also it can be definite like the physical property of a body express in hot,
warm, cool and cold , then it indicate that is a fundamental measurement , and it
cannot be expresses in other unites , for example mass , length , time and
others , its fundamental unite in the SI is the grade Kelvin and also the
international standard is the thermometer of gas , but , is more used the liquid
thermometer than the first. The two firsts scales of temperature were the
Celsius also called centigrade and the Fahrenheit. Today we used both, in
Colombia is most common see the scale Celsius and also in all Latin-American,
although in the text dont say about the born of the scales I will put short
information of its history. The grades Celsius was born in the year 1742 when
the astronomer Swedish Andres Celsius wanted to define the point of freezing
and the boiling of the water , it called 0 grades the point of freezing and 100
grades the point of boiling. The second scale the Fahrenheit was invented by
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit a German scientific, for him the pure water is 32
grades Fahrenheit and it is the point of freezing, and the point of boiling is the
212 grades Fahrenheit. The scale of fahernheit has 180 divisions from 32 to
212 while the scale centigrade has 100 divisions, one for each grade. So the
Scientifics with the past of time began to have problems, because in some
nations used different scales, in France used, for example the Celsius and in
England the Kelvin, the Scientifics began to make formulas for the conversion of
the unites and the first were: 100/180= 5/9 F-32 that indicated the conversion
from grades Fahrenheit to Celsius where 32 is the zero of the grade Celsius
and 180/100=(9/5C)+32 that indicated the conversion from Celsius to
Fahrenheit; later in England Lord Kelvin make a scale that propose the boiling
of the water on the 373 grades centigrade and the freezing on the 273
centigrade , also it had 100 divisions so the Scientifics said: from the Kelvin to
grades Centigrade is K - 273 and the same form with the Centigrade but
change the sign from + hence : C +273 , Where -273 indicate in the scale
centigrade the zero absolutely of the temperature , there the small molecules
cant move. However the last experiments on the laboratories has been show
that this temperature could be broken because exist the HELIUM -4 that form
part to the fifth element called Bose Einstein condensed.

DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

In the second text about the Density and the weight (specific gravity) we can
see the little description about the density as an intensive physical property , it
indicate that without import got many mass or quantity of mass it always will
comply its characterise. The density can be expressed D = m/v where D is
density m is mass and v volume, the unites of the density can be two, for the
liquids we say mL/g or cc/g where cc=mL and for the gases it is indicated g/L
also cc/g, in other measurement like the British system is pounds per cubic foot
Lb/ft (3) .its important know that the density of the water is 1cc/g in a
temperature of 4 centigrade and it can change for that magnitude.
The specific gravity is the same weight, that is define as a body that have a
number of weight and a ratio from the surface to the centre of gravity, in our
case the earth, it could change because the centre of gravity of the planets is
different, for example in the moon we have four times less the weight that have
in the earth, so the scientific says that the weigh or specific gravity of a body is
equal to mass of solid of liquid per mass on an equal volume of water to 4
centigrade , as we say before the temperature change the density of the
water ,and in the formula exist the 4 grade because is the temperature where
the water is equal to 1cc/g. For take the specific gravity of a body for example
the aluminium that is equal to 2.70 cc/g we can see that is 2.70 because the
water is equal to 1 cc/g from 0 grades approximate to 30 grades centigrade also
approximate. In other systems as the British we make a multiplication of 2.70 for
62.4 Lb/ft (3), because the density of the water in Lb/ft(3) is 62.4.