ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

VTU VI SEMESTER
E&C course dairy

PAGE 1

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

10EC-61 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

PAGE 2

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

SYLLABUS
Sub Code : 10EC61
Hours / Week: 4
Total Hours: 52

I A Marks: 25
Exam Marks: 100
Exam Hours: 03

PART A
UNIT1
Introduction: Review of basics of probability, spectrum of elementary signals convolution,
Signals and their sources, basic signal processing operations in digitalcommunication. Sampling
Principles: Sampling Theorem, quadrature sampling of Band pass signal, reconstruction of a
messagefrom its samples, signal distortion in sampling.
`
07 Hrs
UNIT2
Practical aspects of sampling and signal recovery . PAM, TDM, Waveform Coding Techniques,
PCM, Channel noise and error probability. Quantization noise and SNR,
robust quantization.
07 Hrs
UNIT3
DPCM, DM, coding speech at low bit rates, applications. Base-Band Shaping for
Data
Transmission, Discrete PAM signals, power spectra of discrete PAM signals.
06
Hrs
UNIT4
ISI, Nyquists criterion for distortion less base-band binary transmission, correlative coding , eye
pattern, base-band M-ary PAM systems, adaptivc equalization for data transmission. 06 Hrs
PART B
UNIT 5
Digital Modulation Techniques: Digital Modulation formats, Coherent binary modulation
techniques, Coherent quadrature modulation techniques. Non-coherent binary modulation
techniques, Comparison of Binary and Quarternary Modulation techniques. Mary Modulation
Techniques.
07 Hrs
UNIT 6
Effect of ISI, Bit versus Symbol error probability, detection and estimation, Gram- Schmidt
Orthogonalization procedure, geometric interpretation of signals, response of bank of correlators
to noisy input.
06Hrs
UNIT 7
Detection of known signals in noise, probability of error, correlation receiver, matched filter
receiver, detection of signals with unknown phase in noise, estimation: concept and criteria,
maximum likelihood estimation.
06 Hrs
UNIT 8
Spread Spectrum Modulation: Pseudo noisesequences, notion of spread spectrum,
direct
sequence spread coherent binary PSK, signalspace dimensionality and processing gain,
frequency
hop spread spectrum, applications
07 Hrs
Text Book:
1. Simon Haykin, Digital communications, JohnWiley,2003.
ReferenceBooks:
1.K.Sam Shanmugam, Digital and analog communication systems, John Wiley, 1996.
PAGE 3
MITK

ELECTRONICS
AND COMMUNICATION
VI SEMESTERJohn
COURSE
DIARY
2.Simon Haykin,
An introduction to Analog and Digital Communication,
Wiley,
ENGINEERING
2003

PAGE 4

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

LESSON PLAN
Subject code: 10EC61

Class: VI semester

Subject: Digital Communication

Hour
No

Topic to be covered
PART A: Unit 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Introduction
Basic signal processing operations
Sampling Principles
Sampling Theorem
Quadrature sampling of Band pass signal
Practical aspects of sampling
Signal recovery

8
9
10
11
12
13
14

PAM
TDM
Waveform Coding Techniques
PCM
Quantization noise
SNR ,robust quantization
Problems, Revision

15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Introduction
DPCM
DM& applications
Base-Band Shaping for Data Transmission
Discrete PAM signals
Power spectra of discrete PAM signals
Problems

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

ISI, Nyquists criterion

Nyquists criterion for distortion less base-band binary transmission
Correlative coding
Eye pattern
Base-band M-array PAM systems
Adaptive equalization for data transmission
Problems
Revision of Part A

30
31
32
33

Digital Modulation formats

Coherent binary modulation techniques: ASK,
Coherent binary PSK
Coherent quadrature modulation techniques: Generation& demodulation of
FSK

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

PART A: Unit 5 DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

PAGE 4

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

34
35
36
37
38

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

Coherent quadrature modulation techniques

Quadrature QPSK
Non-coherent binary modulation techniques: ASK,FSK
DPSK
Problems

Unit 6
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

Detection and estimation of signals

Model of DCS
Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure
Geometric interpretation of signals
Response of bank of correlators to noisy input
Problems
Problems

Unit 7
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

Detection of known signals in noise

Correlation receiver
Matched filter receiver: o/p signal to noise ratio of matched filter
Properties of matched filters
Detection of signals with unknown phase in noise
Problems
Revision& problems
Unit 8 :Spread Spectrum Modulation
Spread Spectrum Modulation
Properties of ML Sequence
Pseudo noise sequences
Notion of spread spectrum
Direct sequence spread spectrum
Coherent binary PSK
Frequency hop spread spectrum,
Applications : CDMA,
Multipath suppression Range detection using DSSP
Problems, Revision

TEXT BOOK:
1.

Digital communications, Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital and analog communication systems & An introduction to Analog and Digital
Communication, K. Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 1996. 2.Simon Haykin, John Wiley,
2003
Digital communications - Bernard Sklar: Pearson education 2007

PAGE 5

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

01
02

a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
c.

03

a.
b.
c.

04

a.
b.
c.

05

a.

06

b.
c.
a.
b.
c.

07

a.
b.

08

PAGE 6

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

QUESTION BANK

Explain the essential and non-essential features of a digital communication system

State and prove Sampling theorem for low pass signals
Explain TDM system with neat block diagram.
Derive an expression for signal to quantization noise power ratio in a PCM system
With neat block diagram explain Differential pulse code modulation.
Prove that each bit in the code word of a PCM system contributes 6 dB to the signal to
noise ratio
What is Inter symbol Interference and Explain the ideal solution for ISI?
Explain with neat Block diagram Delta Modulation systems
A Delta modulation system is designed to operate at 5 times the Nyquist rate for
a
signal with a 3-Khz Bandwidth. The Quantizing step size is 250 m
i.
Determine the maximum amplitude of a 1-KHZ input sinusoid for which the
delta modulator does not show slope overload.
ii.
Determine the post-filtered output SNR for the signal of Part (i)
Explain the desirable propertied of line code
What is an Equalizer? Explain an adaptive equalizer?
Design a binary base band PAM system to transmit data at a rate of 3600 bits/sec
4
with a bit error probability less than 10 . The channel response is given by
2
Hc(f) = 10 for |f| < 2400
0 else where
The noise power spectral density is Gn (f) = 10 4 Watt/HZ
The data stream 001101001 is applied to the input of a duo binary system.
Construct
the duo binary encoder output and corresponding receiver output, without a precoder
Briefly explain the application of Digital modulation techniques
Explain coherent binary PSK with block diagrams of transmitter and receiver
Explain QPSK transmitter and receiver with neat block diagrams
Briefly explain the properties of matched filter
A bipolar signal S(t) is a +1 V or 1 V pulse during the interval (0,T). Additive
white
5
Guassian noise of n/2 = 10 W/HZ is added to the signal. Determine the
4
4
maximum
rate that canorthogonal
a be sent with
Pe <=10
. Take
Q [3.71] = 10
Prove the bit
Gram-Schmidt
procedure
to find
an orthogonal
basis for the
set
of signals
State the properties of the matched filter
Write short notes on the following
i.
Eye pattern
ii.
Maximum likelihood estimator
iii.
Direct sequence spread spectrum system

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

10EC-62: MICROPROCESSOR

PAGE 7

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

SYLLABUS
Sub Code: 10EC62
Hours / Week: 05
Total Hours: 52

I A Marks: 25
Exam Hours: 03
Exam Marks: 100

PART A
UNIT 1
The 8086/8088 Processors: A historical background, The microprocessor-based personal
computer system. Register organization of 8086, Architecture, Signal Description of 8086,
Physical memory organization, General Bus operation, I/O Addressing Capability, Special
Processor Activities.
06 Hrs
UNIT 2
Minimum Mode 8086 System and Timing, Maximum Mode 8086 System and Timing, The 8088
processor. 8086/8088 Instruction Set And Assembler Directives, Machine Language Instruction
Formats, Addressing Modes of 8086.
06Hrs
UNIT 3
Instruction set of 8086, Assembler Directives and Operators. The Art of Assembly Language
Programming With 8086/8088: Few Machine Level Programs,
Machine Coding the Programs.
07 Hrs
UNIT 4
Programming With an Assembler, Assembly Language Example Programs.
07 Hrs
PART B
UNIT 5
Modular Programming, Data Conversion and Interrupts: Modular programming, Using the
keyboard and video display, data conversions. Basic interrupts processing,
Hardware Interrupts
06 Hrs
UNIT 6
Expanding the interrupt structure, Interrupt examples, Arithmetic Coprocessor (8087),
Data formats for the arithmetic coprocessor, The 80X87 architecture.
06 Hrs
UNIT 7
Instruction set, Programming with the arithmetic coprocessor. Bus Interface, The
80386, 80486 And Pentium Processors, The peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus,
the parallel printer interface (LTP), The universal serial bus (USB).
06
Hrs
UNIT 8
Introduction to the 80386 microprocessor, Special 80386 registers, Introduction to the
80486 microprocessor, Introduction to the Pentium microprocessor.
08 Hrs
Textbooks:
1. The intel microprocessor, architecture, programming and interfacing-Barry B. Brey,
6e, Pearson education / PHI, 2003
Reference books:
1.Microprocessor and interfacingprogramming & hardware, Douglas Hall, 2e TMH, 1991
2.Microcomputer systems-The 8086 / 8088 family Y.C. Liu and G. A. Gibson, 2E PH 2003
PAGE 8

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Class: VI semester
Subject: MICROPROCESSOR
Hours

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

32
PAGE 9

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

LESSON PLAN
Subject code: 10EC62

Topics to be covered
Part A
UNIT 1: 8086 PROCESSORS
Introduction, Historical background,
The microprocessor based personal computer system,
8086 CPU Architecture,
8086 CPU Architecture,
Machine language instructions,
Machine language instructions,
Instruction execution timing,
Instruction execution timing,
The 8086.
UNIT 2:INSTRUCTION SET OF 8086
Instruction set of 8086: Assembler instruction format,
Data transfer, Arithmetic, Branch type
Data transfer, Arithmetic, Branch type
Loop, NOP & HALT,
Flag manipulation, logical and shift and rotate instructions
Illustration of these instructions with example programs,
Illustration of these instructions with example programs
Directives and operators
UNIT 3:BYTE AND STRING MANIPULATION:
Byte and String Manipulation: String instructions,
String instructions,
REP Prefix, Table translation
Number format conversions
Procedures
Macros
Programming using keyboard and video display
UNIT 4:8086 INTERRUPTS:
8086 Interrupts: 8086 Interrupt responses
8086 Interrupt responses
Hardware interrupt
Applications,
Software interrupts
Applications.
Interrupt examples
PART - B
UNIT 5: 8086 INTERFACING:
8086 Interfacing: Interfacing microprocessor to keyboard
MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

Hours
33
34
35
36

Topics to be covered
Interfacing microprocessor to keyboard
Keyboard types, keyboard circuit connections and interfacing,
Software keyboard interfacing,
Keyboard interfacing with hardware
Interfacing to alphanumeric displays (interfacing LED displays
37
to microcomputer
38
Interfacing a microcomputer to a stepper motor
UNIT 6: 8086 BASED MULTIPROCESSING SYSTEMS:
8086-based Multiprocessing Systems: Coprocessor configurations
39
40
Coprocessor configurations
41
The 8087 numeric data processor: data types
42
data types
43
Processor architecture,
44
Instruction set
45
Examples.
UNIT 7: SYSTEM BUS STRUCTURE:
System Bus Structure: Basic 8086 configurations:
46
47
Minimum mode,
48
Maximum mode
49
Bus Interface
50
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus
51
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus
52
The parallel printer interface (LTP),
53
The universal serial bus (USB).
UNIT 8: 80386, 80486 AND PENTIUM PROCESSORS
80386, 80486 And Pentium Processors:
54
55
Introduction to the 80386 microprocessor,
56
Special 80386 registers,
57
Introduction to the 80486 microprocessor
58
Introduction to the 80486 microprocessor
59
Registers,
60
Introduction to the Pentium microprocessor
61
Introduction to the Pentium microprocessor
62
Registers,
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microcomputer systems-The 8086 / 8088 Family Y.C. Liu and G. A. Gibson, 2E PHI -2003
2. The Intel Microprocessor, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing- Barry B. Brey, 6e,
Pearson Education / PHI, 2003
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Microprocessor and Interfacing- Programming & Hardware, Douglas hall, 2e TMH, 1991
2. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals - A.K. Ray and K.M. Bhurchandi, TMH, 2001
3. 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors - Programming, Interfacing, Software, Hardware &
Applications
- Triebel and Avtar Singh, 4e, Pearson Education, 2003
PAGE 10

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

01

a.
b.
c.

02

a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
c.

03

04

a.
b.
c.

05

d.
a.
b.

06

c.
a.
b.
c.

07

a.
b.
c.

08

09

a.
b.
c.

PAGE
1111

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

QUESTION BANK

Explain the internal architecture of 8086 Microprocessor

Explain the flag register format in detail
What are the advantages of memory segmentation? Explain how the physical
address
is generated
Explain primitive string instructions available in 8086
Explain the following instructions (i) LEA (ii) PUSH (iii) NEG
Write an assembly language program to reverse a given string stored in memory
Write short notes on intrasegment and intersegment addressing
Explain with examples the near and far call and return instructions
Write an ALP to merge two arrays having ten elements each. Assume arrays are in
ascending order
How printer and processor communicate using INTR interrupt
Determine from which memory address Interrupt Service Subroutine address, when
INT21H is executed
How does main processor knows Co- processor is busy. Which processor fetches the
instruction from memory
What are macros? How it differs from a subroutine explain with an example
Write an 8086 ALP using assembler directives for BCD to Binary Conversion. Input
BCD number from key board and display the Binary Number on VDU/CRT
With a block diagram explain how odd and even memory banks are connected to the
Microprocessor
Give the formats of status and control registers in the configuration memory
Give the control pins that are used when 8086 operates in maximum mode and its
functions
Sketch the block diagram showing basic 8086 minimum mode systems. Explain
function of 8282 latches and 8286 transceiver
Explain the functions of following pins in 8086
i) NMI ii) TEST iii) BHE iv) DT/R v) DEN vi) QSo QS1
Describe 80386 flag register with significance of each and every bit in detail. How
does it differs from 8086
Explain the addressing modes with supported by 80386
Draw and explain the architecture of 80486
Write a short notes on any four:
Micro processor based personal computer system
The universal serial bus (USB)
Clock Generator (8284A)
Pentium Microprocessor
Arithmetic Co processor
How memory is organized. How a word can be accessed if it is stored in:
Even
address Boundary, Odd address Boundary
Explain Intra and Inter segment addressing
Specify the different instruction format with examples

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

10

a.
b.
c.

11

a.
b.

12

c.
a.

13

b.
c.
d.
a.
b.

14

15
16

PAGE
1212

c.
a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
c.

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

Explain the following instructions: XCHG, TEST, LOOPZ, SAR

Write an ALP to find a square of a given no: using look up table
What are assembler directives? Explain the following directives: DW, EQU,
Macro- ENDM
How instructions are classified? Explain in detail selective based index addressing
Write an assembly language program to find the average of 10 data words stored in
the memory
Explain with an example the multiply and divide instructions
What is interrupt vector table? What are the physical address and the length of
interrupt byte?
What are dedicated and resourced interrupts
What is priority? Explain which interrupt has highest priority in 8086
Explain the internal architecture of 8087
Explain the HOLD response sequence in the minimum mode of 8086 with the help of
timing diagram
Explain how 8086 and 8087 co-operatre in executing an instruction. Show how they
are connected
Explain 8087 data types
Explain the features of PCI Bus. Describe PCI Bus Structure
Give the details of the USB connector with the help of diagram
What is dynamic bus sizing in 80386?. What is the hardware support required? Show
the scheme to implement it
Draw and explain the block diagram of Pentium Processor
Explain the nonburst read cycle on 80486with the help of timing Diagram
List and explain different registers in 80386
Write short notes on any four:
Data types supported by 80386
Memory system of 80486
Pentium I/O system
Assembler directives
Instruction format

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

10EC-64: Antennas and Propagation

PAGE
1919

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Sub Code: 10EC64

Hours / Week: 04
Total Hours: 52

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

SYLLABUS
I A Marks: 25
Exam Hours: 03
Exam Marks: 100

PART A
Unit 1
Antenna Basics: Introduction, basic Antennaparameters, patterns, beam area, radiation
intensity, beam efficiency, diversityand gain, antenna apertures, effective height, bandwidth,
radiation, efficiency, antenna temperature and antenna filed zones.
Text 1: Articles -2.1 to 2.7, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.13.
08 Hrs
Reference book: Articles 2.11, 2.14, 2.18.
Unit 2
Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction, point sources, power patterns, power theorem, radiation
intensity, filed patterns, phase patterns. Array of two isotropic point sources, non isotropic but
similar point sources, principlesof pattern multiplication, examples of pattern synthesis by pattern
multiplication, nonisotropic point sources, broad side array with non unipolar amplitude
distribution, broad side vs end fire array, direction of maxima fire arrays of n isotropic point
sources of equal amplitude and spacing.
Text 1: Articles 4.1 to 4.15, 4.24, 4.25
10 Hrs
Unit 3
Electric dipoles and thin linear antennas: Introduction, short electric dipole, fields of a short
dipole, radiation resistance of shortdipole, radiation resistances of lambda/2 Antenna, thin linear
antenna, micro strip arrays, low side lobe arrays, long wire antenna, folded dipole antennas.
Text 1: Articles 5.1 to 5.6, 5.22 to 5.24, 5.27 and 11.3
06 Hrs
PART B
Unit 4
Loop, solt, patch and horn antenna: Introduction, small loop, comparision of far fields of small loop
and short dipole, loop antenna general case, far field patterns of circular loop, radiation resistance,
directivity, slot antenna, Balinets principle and complementary antennas, impedence of
complementary and slot antennas, patch antennas, horn antennas, rectangular horn
antennas.
Text 1: Articles 6.1 to 6.8, 6.12, 6.14 to 6.16, 6.18 to 6.20.
08 Hrs
Unit 5
Antenna Types: Helical Antenna, Yagi-Uda array, corner reflectors, parabolic reflectors, log
periodic antenna, lens antenna, antenna for special applications sleeve antenna, turnstile
antenna, omni directional antennas, antennas for satellite antennas for ground penetrating
radars, embedded antennas, ultra wide band antennas, plasma antenna.
Text 1: Selected Articles from chapters 7,8,9, 14, and 17(Note: no derivations for the these
topics in this section)
08 Hrs
Unit 6
Radio Wave Propagation: Introduction, Ground wave propagation, free space propagation,
ground reflection, surface wave, diffraction. Troposphere Wave Propagation: troposcophic scatter,
Ionosphere propagation, electrical properties of the ionosphere, effects of earths magnetic field.
Text 2: Articles 8.1, 8.2
12 Hrs
Text book:
1. John D.Krauss, Antennas, II edition, McGraw-Hill International edition, 1988.
2. Harish and Sachidananda: Antennas and Wave Propagation Oxford Press 2007
1. C A Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design 2nd ED, John Wiely, 1997
PAGE
2020

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Class: VI semester
Subject: ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Hours
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

PAGE
2121

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

LESSON PLAN
Subject code: 10EC64

Topics to be covered
UNIT- I
Antenna Basics: Introduction
Basic Antenna parameters
patterns
beam area
Radiation intensity
beam efficiency
Diversity and gain, antenna apertures,.
Effective height, bandwidth,
Radiation , efficiency,
Antenna temperature and antenna filed zones
Revision of problems related to antenna
UNIT- II
Point Sources and Arrays: Introduction
Point sources, power patterns
Power theorem, ,
radiation intensity
Filed patterns
phase patterns
Array of two isotropic point sources
Nonisotropic but similar point sources
Principles of pattern multiplication examples of pattern synthesis by pattern
multiplication
Nonisotropic point sources
Broad side vs end fire array
Direction of maxima fire arrays of n isotropic point sources of equal amplitude
and spacing
UNIT- III
Electric dipoles and thin linear antennas: Introduction
Short electric dipole, fields of a short dipole
Radiation resistance of short dipole
Radiation resistances of lambda/2 Antenna
Thin linear antenna, micro strip arrays
Low side lobe arrays,
long wire antenna, folded dipole antennas

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

UNIT- IV & V
Loop, solt, patch and horn antenna: Introduction
Small loop, comparision of far fields of small loop and short dipole
Loop antenna general case
Far field patterns of circular loop
Radiation resistance, directivity
Slot antenna
Balinets principle and complementary antennas
Impedance of complementary and slot antennas
patch or microstrip antennas
Horn antennas , rectangular horn Antennas
UNIT- VI
Antenna Types: Helical Antenna
Practical design considerations for the monofilar axial mode helical antenna
Yagi-Uda array , corner reflectors
parabolic reflectors
Log periodic antenna, lens antenna,
Antenna for special applications sleeve antenna,
Turnstile antenna
Omni directional antennas, antennas for satellite
Antennas for ground penetrating radars, embedded antennas,
Ultra wide band antennas, plasma antenna.
UNIT- VII & VIII
Radio Wave Propagation: Introduction
Ground wave propagation
Ground wave propagation
Free space propagation
Ground reflection,
Surface wave, diffraction
Diffraction
Troposphere Wave Propagation
Troposcophicscatter
Ionosphere propagation,
Electrical properties of the ionosphere
Effects of earths Magnetic field
Effects of earths Magnetic field

Text book:

1. John D.Krauss, Antennas, II edition, McGraw-Hill International edition, 1988.

2. Harish and Sachidananda: Antennas and Wave Propagation Oxford Press 2007
Reference Books:

1. C A Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design 2nd ED, John Wiely, 1997
2. Sineon R Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, John Wiley,
3. G SN Raju: Antennas and wave propagation , Pearson Education 2005
PAGE
2222

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

01

a.

02

b.
c.
a.

03
04
05
06

b.
a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
a.
b.

07

a.
b.

08

PAGE
2323

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

QUESTION BANK

Define the following quantities as referred to an antenna.

i.
Radiation pattern.
ii.
Directivity
iii.
Radiation resistance
iv.
Effective aperture
Explain antenna field zones
Explain shape impedance considerations in antennas
Derive the expressions for the far field components of a /2 dipole , starting with
the
expressions
for the short dipole
Show that the radiation resistance of a /2 dipole is 73 ohms
State power theorem and mention its applications with respect to antennas
Give the description of loop antennas
With an example explain the principle of pattern multiplication
Give a brief description of antennas for ground penetrating Radar
Explain the working principle of Yagi-Uda antenna
Explain the working principle of log periodic antennas
Explain the working principle of slot antennas
Give a brief account of antennas used for special applications
Derive the expression for field strength due to space wave, in terms of the heights
of
transmitting and receiving antennae and field strength at unit distance. Plot
the
variation of field strength as a function of distance
Calculate the radio horizon for 100 meters transmitting antenna and a
receiver of 25 meters. Derive the formula you would use
antenna
12
3
Find MUF for a layer with Nmax = m10 /m , h = 450 km and D = 1500. Derive the
formula used
Explain the regular and irregular variations on ionosphere in detail
Explain the following
Tropospheric scattering
Duct propagation
Slot antennas
Embedded antennas

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIC AT ION ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

10EC-662: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

PAGE
3838

MITK

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIC AT ION ENGINEERING

VI SEMESTER COURSE DIARY

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Sub Code : 10EC-662
Hours /Week: 4
Total Hour: 52

IA Marks : 25
Exam Hours: 3
Exam Marks: 100

PART A
Unit 1
03 Hours
Over view of Satellite Systems: Introduction, frequency allocation, INTEL Sat.
Unit 2
10 Hours
Orbits: Introduction, Kepler laws, definitions, orbital element, apogee and perigee heights,
orbit perturbations, inclined orbits, calendars, universal time, sidereal time, orbital plane, local
mean
time and sun synchronous orbits, Geostationary orbit: Introduction, antenna, look angles,
polar mix antenna, limits of visibility, earth eclipse of satellite, sun transit outage, leandiag
orbits.
Unit 3
08 Hours
Propagation impairments and space link: Introduction, atmospheric loss, ionospheric effects,
rain attenuation, other impairments. Space link: Introduction, EIRP, transmission losses,
link power budget, system noise, CNR, uplink, down link, effects of rain, combined CNR.
Unit 4
06 Hours
Space Segment: Introduction, power supply units, altitude control, station keeping,
thermal control, TT&C, transponders, antenna subsystem.
Unit 5 and 6
03 Hours
Earth Segemnt: Introduction, receive only home TV system, out door unit, indoor unit, MATV,
CATV, Tx Rx earth station. Interference and Satellite access: Introduction,
interference
between satellite circuits, satellite access, single access, pre-assigned FDMA, SCPC
(spade system), TDMA, pre-assigned TDMA, demand assigned TDMA, down link
analysis, comparison of uplink power requirements for TDMA & FDMA, on board
signal processing satellite switched TDMA.
08 Hours
Unit 7 and 8
1 0 Hours
DBS, Satellite mobile and specialized services: Introduction, orbital spacing, power
ratio, frequency and polarization, transponder capacity, bit rates for digital TV, satellite
mobile
services, USAT, Radar Sat, GPS, orb communication and iridium.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communications, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill International edition,
2006
REFERENCES:
1. Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt, SatelliteCommunications, 2nd
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003
2.W.L. Pitchand, H.L. Suyderhoud, R.A. Nelson, Satellite Communication Systems engineering,
2nd Ed., Pearson Education., 2007
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LESSON PLAN
Class: VI semester
Subject: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

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Subject code: 10EC662

Topics to be covered
Unit I
Over view of Satellite Systems: Introduction
frequency allocation
INTEL Sat.
Unit II
Orbits: Introduction, Kepler laws, definitions
Orbital element, apogee and perigee heights
Orbit perturbations, inclined orbits, calendars,
Universal time, sidereal time
Orbital plane, local mean time and sun synchronous orbits,
Geostationary orbit: Introduction
Antenna, look angles, ,
polar mix antenna
Limits of visibility,.
earth eclipse of satellite
Sun transit outage, leandiag orbits
Unit III
Propagation impairments and space link: Introduction
atmospheric loss,
ionospheric effects
rain attenuation, other impairments.
Space link: Introduction,.
EIRP, transmission losses
link power budget
link power budget
system noise, CNR
uplink, down link
effects of rain, combined CNR
Unit IV
Space Segment: Introduction.
power supply units
altitude control, station keeping
thermal control
TT&C
transponders, antenna subsystem

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33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
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Unit V & VI
Earth Segment: Introduction
receive only home TV system,
receive only home TV system
out door unit, indoor unit,
MATV
CATV
Tx Rx earth station
Interference and Satellite access: Introduction
interference between satellite circuits,
satellite access, single access
pre-assigned FDMA,
SCPC (spade system),
TDMA, pre-assigned TDMA
pre-assigned TDMA
demand assigned TDMA
down link analysis,
Comparison of uplink power requirements for TDMA & FDMA,
on board signal processing satellite switched TDMA.

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

DBS
Satellite mobile and specialized services: Introduction
orbital spacing
frequency and polarization
frequency and polarization
transponder capacity
bit rates for digital TV
satellite mobile services
Radar Sat,
GPS
orb communication and iridium
Revision Unit I
Revision Unit II

Unit VII & VIII

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

1. a. Explain the Keplers law of Planetary motion. How are they applicable to
the geostationary satellite.
b. Define the following terms
(i)
Eccentricity
(ii)
Time of Perigee
(iii)
Right ascension of ascending node
(iv)
Argument of perigee
c. Calculate the radius of a circular orbit for which the period is 1 day.
2. a. What are orbital perturbations? Explain in brief.
b. Explain the Importance of Satellite stabilization. Briefly describes the three axis
method of satellite stabilization.
c. Describe the tracking, telemetry, command and monitoring facilities of a satellite
communication system.
3. a. Compare TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA.
b. Explain DS- SS CDMA with the help of a neat block diagram and waveforms.
4. a. Briefly discuss the various types of orbits used in satellite communication
b. Why is it optimum in terms of launch energy requirements to do the following
(i)
Launch a satellite towards the east.
(ii)
Launch a satellite from the equator.
c. Describe the effect of radiation on satellite.
5. a. With the help of neat block diagram explain a DBS- TV receiver?
b. Explain why a minimum of 4 satellite must be visible at an earth station utilizing the
GPS system for position determination?
c. Write an explanatory note on GPS receivers and codes.
6. Write short notes on
a. Look angle determination.
b. Transponders
c. System noise temperature.
d. LEOs
7. Write short notes on
a. VSAT Earth Station
b. FM TV networks using direct broad-cast from satellite.
c. Error detection and control using ARQ schemes in satellite links.
8. a. Distinguish between geo-synchronous orbit and geo-stationary orbit.
b. What is the cause of third order inter modulation products in FDM FM
FDMA. c. what is the significance of G/T of a satellite link ? Discuss how it can be
optimized.
9. a. For a satellite define the following
(i)
Apogee and Perigee points
(ii)
Mean and True anomaly.
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c. A satellite is in a 322 km high circular orbit. Determine

(i)
Orbital angular velocity in radius per second.
(ii)
Orbital period in minutes, and
(iii)
Orbital velocity in meters per second
[Note : Assume the average radius of the earth is 6378.137 km and Keplers constant
5
3 2
has the value 3.986 x 10 km / s ]
10. a. Discuss signal generation in GPS satellite.
b. Explain the following
(i)
Power Subsystem
(ii)
Demand Access and Fixed Access in FDMA with example.

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10ECL-67: Advanced Communication Lab

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. TDM of two band limited signals.
2. ASK and FSK generation and detection
3. PSK generation and detection
4. DPSK generation and detection
5. QPSK generation and detection
6. PCM generation and detection using a CODEC Chip
7. Measurement of losses in a given optical fiber ( propagation loss, bending loss,
coupling loss ) and numerical aperture
8. Analog and Digital (with TDM) communication link using optical
fiber.
9. Measurement of frequency, guide wavelength , power, VSWR and attenuation in
a microwave test bench
10. Measurement of directivity and gain of antennas: Standard dipole (or printed
dipole), microstrip patch antenna and Yagi antenna(printed).
11. Determination of coupling and isolation characteristics of a stripline (or microstrip)
directional coupler
12. (a) Measurement of resonance characteristics of a microstrip ring resonator and
determination of dielectric constant of the substrate. (b) Measurement of power division and
isolation characteristics of a microstrip 3 dB power divider.

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10ECL-68: Microprocessor Lab

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Programs involving
1) Data transfer instructions like:
i] Byte and word data transfer in different addressing modes.
ii] Block move (with and without overlap)
iii] Block interchange
2) Arithmetic & logical operations like:
i] Addition and Subtraction of multi precision nos.
ii] Multiplication and Division of signed and unsigned Hexadecimal
nos. iii] ASCII adjustment instructions
iv] Code conversions
v] Arithmetic programs to find square cube, LCM, GCD, factorial
3) Bit manipulation instructions like checking:
i] Whether given data is positive or negative
ii] Whether given data is odd or even
iii]Logical 1s and 0s in a given data
iv] 2 out 5 code
v] Bit wise and nibble wise palindrome
4) Branch/Loop instructions like:
i] Arrays: addition/subtraction of N nos. Finding largest and smallest nos.
Ascending and descending order
ii] Near and Far Conditional and Unconditional jumps, Calls and Returns
5) Programs on String manipulation like string transfer, string reversing,
searching for a string, etc.
6) Programs involving Software interrupts Programs to use DOS interrupt INT 21h
Function calls for Reading a Character from keyboard, Buffered Keyboard input,
Display of character/ String on console
II) Experiments on interfacing 8086 with the following interfacing modules through
DIO (Digital Input/Output-PCI bus compatible) card
a) Matrix keyboard interfacing
b) Seven segment display interface
c) Logical controller interface
d) Stepper motor interface
III) Other Interfacing Programs
a) Interfacing a printer to an X86 microcomputer
b) PC to PC Communication.

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