Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)

Section 2.1: First Order Differential Equations

For the following problems:

a) Find the general solution of the given DE; and
b) Use it to determine how the solution behaves as t .
1.

y ' + 3y = t + e 2 t

Solution Answer:

a) General Solution: y = ( 1 3 ) t ( 1 9 ) + e 2t + c1e 3t

b) Solution Behavior: As t , y will become asymptotic to the line

( 13 ) t ( 19 )

Explanation: a) The General Solution

Since the DE is already in standard form i.e., y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) , where p ( t ) = 3

and g ( t ) = t + e 2t -- we will move directly to determining the integrating factor,

(t ) .

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 3

Then : ( t ) = exp ( 3 ) dt

(t ) = e

( 3 ) dt

( t ) = e3 t

Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = e2t and solve the equation:
Given : ( t ) = e 3t

Then : y ' + 3y = t + e 2 t e 3t y ' + e 3t 3y = e 3t ( t + e 2 t )

e 3t y ' + 3e 3t y = te 3 t + e t
e 3t y =
e 3t y =
So the General Solution: y = ( 1 3 ) t ( 1 9 ) + e

y =
2t

3t

+ e t ) dt

( 1 3 ) te3 t ( 1 9 ) e3t + et + c1
( 1 3 ) t ( 1 9 ) + e 2 t + c1e 3 t

+ c1e 3 t .

b) Solution Behavior as t
As t , y will become asymptotic to the line

2.

( te

( 13 ) t ( 19 ) .

ty ' + 2y = sin ( t )
Solution Answer:

a) General Solution: y = ( t 1 ) cos ( t ) + t 2 sin ( t ) + c1t 2

or y =

t cos ( t ) + sin ( t ) + c1
t2

b) Solution Behavior: As t , y 0 .
Explanation: a) The General Solution

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Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)
First we re-write the DE in standard form i.e. y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) :

( 1 t ) ty ' + ( 1 t ) 2y = ( 1 t ) sin (t )
y ' + ( 2 ) y = ( 1 ) sin ( t )
t
t
Now that it is in standard form, where p ( t ) = 2 and g ( t ) = ( 1 ) sin ( t ) , we
t
t
ty ' + 2y = sin ( t )

determine the integrating factor, ( t ) .

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 2

( t ) dt

Then : ( t ) = exp 2

(t ) = e

(2 t )dt

( t ) = e2 Ln (t ) ( t ) = e Ln ( t )

(t ) = t 2

Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = t 2 and solve the equation:

Given : ( t ) = t 2

( t ) y = ( 1 t ) sin (t )
t y ' + t ( 2 ) y = t ( 1 ) sin ( t )
t
t

Then : y ' + 2

t 2 y ' + 2ty = t sin ( t )

t2y =

t sin ( t ) dt

t 2 y = t cos ( t ) + sin ( t ) + c1

y = ( t 1 ) cos ( t ) + t 2 sin ( t ) + c1t 2

So the General Solution: y = ( t 1 ) cos ( t ) + t 2 sin ( t ) + c1t 2 , or

y=

t cos ( t ) + sin ( t ) + c1
t2

b) Solution Behavior as t
As t , y 0 .

3.

2y ' + y = 3t
Solution Answer:

a) General Solution: y = 3t 6 + c1e

b) Solution Behavior: As t , y will become asymptotic to the line 3t 6 .

Explanation: a) The General Solution

First we re-write the DE in standard form i.e. y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) :

2y ' + y = 3t

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( 1 2 ) 2y ' + ( 1 2 ) y = ( 1 2 ) 3t
y ' + ( 1 ) y = (3 ) t
2
2

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Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)
Now that is in standard form, where p ( t ) = 1
the integrating factor, ( t ) .

( 2 ) t , we determine

and g ( t ) = 3

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 1

( 2 ) dt

Then : ( t ) = exp 1

Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = e

Given : ( t ) = e

( 2 ) y = (3 2 ) t

Then : y ' + 1

( t ) = e
(t ) = e

and solve the equation:

( 1 2 ) y = e (3 2 ) t
y ' + ( 1 ) e y = ( 3 ) te
2
2
e y = ( 3 ) te
2

e 2y'+ e
t

( 1 2 )dt

e 2 y = 3te
t

6e

y = 3t 6 + c1e

So the General Solution: y = 3t 6 + c1e

dt

2
t

+ c1

b) Solution Behavior as t
As t , y will become asymptotic to the line 3t 6 .

For the following problems, find the solution to the given IVP.
4.

y ' y = 2te 2 t ;

Solution

y (0 ) = 1

Answer:

y = 2te 2 t 2e 2 t + 3e t or y = e t ( 2tet 2et + 3 )

Explanation: Step #1: Determine The General Solution.

The DE is already in standard form i.e., y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) , where

p ( t ) = 1 and g ( t ) = 2te2t -- so we move directly to determining the

integrating factor, ( t ) .

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 1

Then : ( t ) = exp ( 1) dt

(t ) = e

( 1) dt

( t ) = et

Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = e t and solve the equation:

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Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)

Given : ( t ) = e t
Then : y ' y = 2te 2t e t y ' e t y = e t 2te2 t
e t y ' e t y = 2tet
et y =

2te

e t y = 2tet 2e t + c1
y = 2te2 t 2e2 t + c1e t
So the General Solution: y = 2te 2 t 2e 2t + c1e t .
Step #2: Determine The Solution to The IVP

Given : y ( 0 ) = 1

Then : y = 2te2 t 2e 2t + c1e t

1 = 2 (0 ) e

2 (0 )

2e

2 (0 )

1 = 0 2 (1 ) + c1 (1 )
1 = 2 + c1

+ c1e0

c1 = 3

Therefore, IVP Solution: y = 2te 2e + 3e or y = e ( 2te 2e + 3 ) .

2t

5.

2t

ty ' + 2y = t 2 t + 1 ; y (1) = 1 2 , t > 0

Solution

Answer:

y = ( 1 4 ) t 2 ( 1 3 ) t + ( 1 2 ) + ( 112 ) t 2 , or y =

3t 4 4t 3 + 6t 2 + 1
12t 2

Explanation: Step #1: Determine The General Solution.

First we re-write the DE in standard form i.e. y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) :

ty ' + 2y = t 2 t + 1

( 1 t ) ty ' + ( 1 t ) 2y = ( 1 t ) ( t t + 1)
y ' + (2 ) y = t 1 + 1
t
t
2

Now that it is in standard form i.e., y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) , where p ( t ) = 2

g ( t ) = t 1 + 1 , we determine the integrating factor, ( t ) .

t

and

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 2

( t ) dt

Then : ( t ) = exp 2

(t ) = e
(t ) = e

(t ) = e

(2 t )dt

2 Ln ( t )
Ln ( t )

(t ) = t 2

Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = t 2 and solve the equation:

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Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)

Given : ( t ) = t 2

( t ) y = t 1 + 1t
t y ' + t (2 ) y = t (t 1 + 1 )
t
t

Then : y ' + 2

t 2 y ' + 2ty = t 3 t 2 + t

(t

t2y =

t2 + t )

( 4)t (13)t + (12)t + c

(14)t (13)t + (12) + c t

t2y = 1
y =

So the General Solution: y = ( 1 4 ) t 2 ( 1 3 ) t + ( 1 2 ) + c1t 2 .

Step #2: Determine The solution to The IVP

Given : y (1) = 1 2

Then : y = ( 1 4 ) t 2 ( 1 3 ) t + ( 1 2 ) + c1t 2
1

( 4 ) (1) ( 1 3 ) (1) + ( 1 2 ) + c (1)

= 1

= 1 1 + 1 + c1
4
3
2
1 = 5 +c c = 1
1
2
12 1
12

Therefore, IVP Solution: y = ( 1 4 ) t 2 ( 1 3 ) t + ( 1 2 ) + ( 112 ) t 2 , or y =

6.

3t 4 4t 3 + 6t 2 + 1
.
12t 2

( 2) = 1 , t > 0

ty ' + 2y = sin ( t ) ; y
Solution
Answer:

( t ) cos (t ) + ( 1 t ) sin (t ) + (

y = 1

4)

4t

, or y =

4t cos ( t ) + 4 sin ( t ) + 2 4

4t 2

Explanation: Step #1: Determine The General Solution.

First we re-write the DE in standard form i.e. y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) :

ty ' + 2y = sin ( t )

( 1 t ) ty ' + ( 1 t ) 2y = ( 1 t ) sin ( t )
y ' + ( 2 ) y = ( 1 ) sin ( t )
t
t

Now that it is in standard form i.e., y ' + p ( t ) y = g ( t ) , where p ( t ) = 2

( t ) sin (t ) , we determine the integrating factor, (t ) .

g (t ) = 1

and

Given : ( t ) = exp p ( t ) dt
And : p ( t ) = 2

( t ) dt

Then : ( t ) = exp 2

(t ) = e
(t ) = e

(t ) = e
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(2 t )dt

2 Ln ( t )
Ln ( t )

(t ) = t 2
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Math 104-02 Differential Equations

Assignment 2: Section 2.1 (Solutions)
Next, we apply the integrating factor ( t ) = t 2 and solve the equation:
Given : ( t ) = t 2

( t ) y = ( 1 t ) sin ( t )
t y ' + t ( 2 ) y = t ( 1 ) sin ( t )
t
t

Then : y ' + 2

t 2 y ' + 2ty = t sin ( t )

t sin ( t )

t2y =

t 2 y = t cos ( t ) + sin ( t ) + c1

( t ) cos ( t ) + ( 1 t ) sin ( t ) + c ( 1 t )
So the General Solution: y = ( 1 ) cos ( t ) + ( 1 ) sin ( t ) + c ( 1 ) .
t
t
t
y = 1

Step #2: Determine The Solution to The IVP

( 2) =1
y = ( 1 ) cos ( t ) + ( 1 ) sin ( t ) + c ( 1 )
t
t
t

Given : y
Then :

1
cos + 1
1 =
2

2
2

( )

( )

+c 1
sin
1

( )

( )

( ) cos ( 2 ) + ( 4 ) sin ( 2 ) + c ( 4 )
1 = ( 2 ) ( 0 ) + ( 4 ) (1 ) + c ( 4 )

1 = 2

4)

1 = 4

()

= c1 4

()

+ c1 4
2

c1 =

4)

( t ) cos (t ) + ( 1 t ) sin (t ) + (

Therefore, IVP Solution: y = 1

y=

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4t cos ( t ) + 4 sin ( t ) + 2 4
4t 2

4)

4t 2

, or

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