Glossary

eRAN
Glossary
Issue
01
Date
2013-10-30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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eRAN
Glossary
Contents
Contents
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Glossary
Numerics
1xCS IWS
Circuit Switched Fallback Interworking

Solution Function for 3GPP2 1xCS
3DES
See Triple Data Encryption Standard
3GPP
See Third Generation Partnership Project
A-GPS
Assisted-GPS
AAA
See Authentication, Authorization and

Accounting
AAS
Adaptive Antenna System
ABS
Almost Blank Subframe
Access Control List
An Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP

addresses. It is used for client authentication.
Access Stratum
An access stratum is a communication

medium or system that can be used to request
and set up the transfer of data or information
between points.
ACK/NACK
Acknowledgement/Not-acknowledgement
Acknowledged Mode
The acknowledged services in Radio Link

Control (RLC) provide reliability through
retransmission. These include but are not
limited to: transfer of user data, segmentation
and reassembly, error correction, duplicate
detection, protocol error detection and
recovery, and ciphering.
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ACL
See Access Control List
ACSI
Average Cell Stay Interval
Active Queue Management
AQM is used for routers on the internet. It

discards data packets or adds an explicit
congestion notification (ECN) to data packets
before a queue on a router is full.
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Link adaptation (AMC: adaptive modulation

and coding) with various modulation schemes
and channel coding rates is applied to the
shared data channel. The same coding and
modulation is applied to all groups of resource
blocks belonging to the same L2 PDU
scheduled to one user within one TTI and
within a single stream.
ADSL
See Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
Advanced Encryption Standard
Originally, the Advanced Encryption

Standard (AES) is an encryption algorithm
used by some U.S government departments to
guarantee the security of some secret but
unclassified materials. Now, AES has
become the most influential encryption
standard all around the world.The AES
algorithm is used to ensure the system
security.
Advanced Power Module
The Advanced Power Module (APM) is a

standalone cabinet configured with related
modules for DC power supply, battery
management, power system monitoring,
power distribution, surge protection,
temperature control, and backup power
supply. It also provides AC power ports for
maintenance and 4 U or 5 U space for 19-inch
customer equipment complying with the
ETSI standard.
AES
See Advanced Encryption Standard
AF
Application function
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
A QoS parameter defined by 3GPP. AMBR

refers to the maximum allowed rate of all nonGBR services of a UE.
AH
See Authentication Header
aICIC
Adaptive ICIC
AID
Access Description Data

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AIS
See alarm indication signal
AISG
Antenna Interface Standards Group
AKA
See Authentication and Key Agreement
alarm indication signal
A code sent downstream in a digital network

as an indication that an upstream failure has
been detected and alarmed. It is associated
with multiple transport layers.
ALD
Antenna Line Device
Allocation and Retention Priority
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP): the

primary purpose of ARP is to decide whether
a bearer establishment / modification request
can be accepted or needs to be rejected in case
of resource limitations. In addition, the ARP
can be used by the eNodeB to decide which
bearer(s) to drop during exceptional resource
limitations (e.g. at handover).
AM
See Acknowledged Mode
AMBR
See Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
AMC
See Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMR
Adaptive Multi-Rate
AMS
Adaptive MIMO Switching
ANR
Automatic Neighbor Relation
Antenna
An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer that

transmits or receives electromagnetic waves.
In other words, antennas convert
electromagnetic radiation into electrical
current, or vice versa.
Antenna port
An antenna port corresponds to a pilot format,

not a physical antenna. The pilot format is not
correlated with the number of antennas.
APAI
Average Packet Arrival Interval
APM
See Advanced Power Module
APN
Access Point Name
AQM
See Active Queue Management
AR
Advanced Receiver
ARP
See Allocation and Retention Priority
ARPU
See Average Revenue Per User
ARQ
See Automatic Repeat Request

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Array gain
Array gain is a power gain achieved by

combining signals from different antennas
based on the correlation between signals and
the non-correlation between noises. Signal
combining increases the signal to interference
plus noise ratio (SINR) of the combined
signal.
AS
See Access Stratum
Asymmetric cryptography
Cryptography in which a pair of keys is used

to encrypt and decrypt a message. The
essential difference to symmetric
cryptography is that this kind of algorithm
uses two different keys for encryption and
corresponding decryption.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
A technology for transmitting digital

information at a high bandwidth on existing
phone lines to homes and businesses. Unlike
regular dialup phone service, ADSL provides
continuously-available, "always on"
connection. ADSL is asymmetric in that it
uses most of the channel to transmit
downstream to the user and only a small part
to receive information from the user. ADSL
simultaneously accommodates analog (voice)
information on the same line. ADSL is
generally offered at downstream data rates
from 512 kbit/s to about 6 Mbit/s.
AuC
See Authentication Center
Authentication and Key Agreement
AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement

security protocol ) is a mechanism which
performs authentication and session key
distribution in UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System) networks.
Authentication Center
A database that stores authentication data and

encryption key. It can prevent unauthorized
users from accessing the network and ensure
data security over the air interface. The only
difference between the HLR and the AuC is
that the latter requires higher security.
Therefore, AuC is defined separately in the
relevant protocol. In actual situations, the
AuC and HLR are combined.

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Authentication Header
Authentication Header (AH) is a member of

the IPsec protocol suite. AH guarantees
connectionless integrity and data origin
authentication of IP packets. Further, it can
optionally protect against replay attacks by
using the sliding window technique and
discarding old packets.
Authentication, Authorization and

Accounting
A mechanism for configuring authentication,

authorization, and accounting security
services. Authentication refers to the
verification of user identities and the related
network services; authorization refers to the
granting of network services to users
according to authentication results; and
accounting refers to the tracking of the
consumption of network services by users.
Automatic Repeat Request
An error control method for data transmission

in which the receiver detects transmission
errors in a message and automatically
requests a retransmission from the
transmitter.
Average Revenue Per User
ARPU is a term used by telephone Operators/

Carriers to indicate the financial revenue
which is gained per subscriber on a monthly
basis.
AWS
Advanced Wireless Services
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Base Transceiver Station
A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio

interface. It allows transmission of traffic and signaling
across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband
processing, radio equipment, and the antenna.
Baseband
A form of modulation in which the information is applied

directly onto the physical transmission medium.
BaseBand Unit
Base Band Unit (BBU) is a component of the distributed

base station. It provides baseband processing for signals
(such as channel coding/decoding, modulation/
demodulation), provides transmission management and
interfaces, manages radio resources, and provides clock
signals.
BBU
See BaseBand Unit
BCCH
See Broadcast Control Channel

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BCH
Broadcast Channel
BER
See Bit Error Rate
BFD
See Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BHSA
See Busy Hour Session Attempt
Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network

protocol used to detect faults between two forwarding
engines connected by a link. It provides low-overhead
detection of faults even on physical media that don't
support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet,
virtual circuits, tunnels and MPLS Label Switched Paths.
Binary phase shift keying
2-phase modulation for carrier based on binary baseband

signal. In this modulation mode, the binary character 0
represents phase 0 of the carrier, and character 1
represents the phase 180. The phase of character 0 is 0,
and the phase of character 1 needs to be specified. This
is an absolute phase shift mode that uses different phases
to represent digital information.
Bit Error Rate
Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an

important indicator used to measure the communications
quality of a network.
BITS
See Building Integrated Timing Supply System
BLER
See Block Error Rate
Block Error Rate
Block Error Rate (BLER) is used in measuring the error

rate when extracting data frames from a Compact Disc
(CD). The BLER measurement is often used as a quality
control measure with regards to how well audio is
retained on a Compact Disc over time.
BPSK
See Binary phase shift keying
BRAS
See Broadband Remote Access Server
Broadband Remote Access

Server
A new type of access gateway for broadband networks.

As a bridge between backbone networks and broadband
access networks, BRAS provides methods for
fundamental access and manages the broadband access
network. It is deployed at the edge of network to provide
broadband access services, convergence, and forwarding
of multiple services, meeting the demands for
transmission capacity and bandwidth utilization of
different users. BRAS is a core device for the broadband
users' access to a broadband network.

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Broadcast Control Channel
This downlink channel contains specific parameters

needed by a mobile in order that it can identify the
network and gain access to it. Typical information
includes the LAC (Location Area Code) and RAC
(Routing Area Code), the MNC (Mobile Network Code)
and BA (BCCH Allocation) list.
BSR
See Buffer Status Report
BT
Bit Torrent
BTS
See Base Transceiver Station
Buffer Status Report
Data of the radio bear set in the UE buffer.
Building Integrated Timing

Supply System
In the situation of multiple synchronous nodes or

communication devices, one can use a device to set up a
clock system on the hinge of telecom network to connect
the synchronous network as a whole, and provide
satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building
integrated device. This device is called BITS.
Busy Hour Session Attempt
The number of call attempts on the current switch in the

busiest hour. The BHSA is used to measure the
processing performance of the system that uses the SIP
protocol in the IMS. The system processes not only calls
but also sessions.
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CA
See Certification Authority
CA
See Carrier Aggregation
CA Certificate chain
A list of certificates that are "walked" (or tRNCed) from

the root CA key to the CA key used to validate the peer's
certificate. That is, a certificate chain tRNCes a path of
certificates from a lower branch CA to the root CA that
is trusted by some entities in the CA hierarchy. Thus,
the entity can ensure that the peer's certificates is trusty.
Call History Record
A system used for identifying faults in an efficient way.

It records and stores the information of all the faults
occurring during a call for each user. If necessary, you
can query the call history records of a specific user
through the CHR client to quickly identify the faults.
CANBUS
See Controller Area Network BUS

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Carrier Aggregation
In Carrier Aggregation (CA), two or more Component

Carriers (CCs) are aggregated in order to support wider
transmission bandwidths up to 100MHz. A UE may
simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple
CCs depending on its capabilities.
Carrier-to-Interference-andNoise Ratio
A ratio used to assess channel quality. The BS sends the

REP-REQ message to the MS to request channel quality
check. The MS retrieves the CINR according to the
received information and then returns the data to the BS
through the REP-RSP message. The BS can select and
adjust the transmission channel or initiate a handover
according to the CINR.
Cascade
To connect components in series, the output of each

component serving as the input for the next.
CBC
Cell Broadcast Centre
CBE
Cell Broadcast Entity
CBS
See Committed Burst Size
CC
Component Carrier
CCCH
See Common Control Channel
CCE
Control Channel Element
CCO
Cell Change Order
CCU
Cell Center User
CDD
See Cyclic Delay Diversity
CDMA
See Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA2000 1x Radio
Transmission Technology
A 3G wireless technology based on the CDMA

platform. The 1x in 1xRTT refers to 1x the number of
1.25MHz channels. The RTT in 1xRTT stands for
Radio Transmission Technology.
CDMA2000 1xRTT
See CDMA2000 1x Radio Transmission Technology
CDT
Call Detail Trace
Central Processing Unit
The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes

referred to simply as the processor or central processor,
the CPU is where most calculations take place.

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Certificate Revocation List
A list of all canceled certificates. Digital Certificates are

only valid for a specified period; if, after this period,
they are not renewed by the owner they are revoked.
Revocation may also be applied to certificates that may
have been compromised. All revoked certificates are
listed and may be viewed through the CA (Certification
Authorities) web site. These lists are issued on a regular
basis by the CA, and prior to a dialogue being
established between end parties this list should be
checked to ensure the integrity of the parties involved
in the communication.
Certification Authority
In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification

authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates
for use by other parties. It is an example of a trusted
third party. CAs are characteristic of many public key
infrastructure (PKI) schemes.
CEU
Cell Edge User
CFM
See Connectivity Fault Management
CHR
See Call History Record
CINR
See Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio
CIO
Cell Individual Offset
CIR
See Committed Information rate
Circuit Switching
In telecommunications, a circuit switching network is

one that establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel)
between nodes and terminals before the users may
communicate. Each circuit that is dedicated cannot be
used by other callers until the circuit is r
CL-SM
Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing
CL-TD
Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity
CMAS
Commercial Mobile Alert System
CME
Configuration Management Express
CN
See Core Network
Co-channel interference
reduction gain
Co-channel interference reduction gain is achieved by

using interference rejection combining (IRC) or other
interference mitigation methods.
COD
Cell Outage Detection
Code Division Multiple Access
A technique for spread-spectrum multiple-access

digital communications that creates channels through
the use of unique code sequences.

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Colored interference
Colored interference is interference whose power

spectral density is not evenly distributed over the entire
frequency or space domain.
Committed Burst Size
A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket

C, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the
information is transferred at the committed information
rate. This parameter must be larger than 0. It is
recommended that this parameter should not be less
than the maximum length of an IP packet that might be
forwarded.
Committed Information rate
The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to

transfer information in normal conditions. Namely, it is
the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is
transferred to the leaky bucket.
Common Control Channel
A CCCH is a point-to-multipoint bidirectional control

channel. A CCCH is primarily intended to carry
signaling information necessary for access
management functions.
Common Public Radio Interface
Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) is a common

standard of the key internal interface between the REC
and the RE of the wireless base station. This standard
was established by Huawei, Ericsson, NEC, Siemens,
and Nortel in June 2003. It aims at standardizing the
baseband and RF interface. The CPRI has a set of
mature standards, which advance the standard and
equipment. The major feature of the CPRI is that
baseband is separated from RF to reduce the cost of
engineering, equipment room, and equipment.
CoMP
See Coordinated Multipoint Transmission
Compressor
It is at the TX end, and is responsible for compressing

the header of the data packet based on the Profile and
the context.
Connectivity Fault Management
Ethernet Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) is an

end-to-end per-service-instance Ethernet layer
operation, administration, and management (OAM)
protocol. It includes proactive connectivity monitoring,
fault verification, and fault isolation for large Ethernet
metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and WANs.
Context
It contains the characteristic information about

compression and decompression of the packet header.
Every context is associated with a unique context
identifier.

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Control Plane
The control plane performs the call control and

connection control functions. Through signaling, the
control plane sets up and releases connections, and may
restore a connection in case of a failure. The control
plane also performs other functions in support of call
and connection control, such as routing information
dissemination.
Controller Area Network BUS
Controller-area network (CAN or CANBUS) is a

vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers
and devices to communicate with each other within a
vehicle without a host computer. CANBUS is a
message based protocol, designed specifically for
automotive applications but now also used in other
areas such as industrial automation and medical
equipment.
Coordinated Multipoint
Transmission
By coordinating and combining signals from multiple

antennas, CoMP, will make it possible for mobile users
to enjoy consistent performance and quality when they
access and share datas.
Core Network
An architectural term relating to the part of UMTS,

which is independent of the connection technology of
the terminal.
Correlation
Correlation represents how closely two random

processes vary in time.
CPC
Continuous Packet Connectivity
CPE
Customer Premise Equipment
CPRI
See Common Public Radio Interface
CPU
See Central Processing Unit
CQI
Channel Quality Indicator
CRC
See Cyclic Redundancy Code
CRL
See Certificate Revocation List
Cross-certification
The process undertaken by Certification Authorities to

establish a trust relationship with another CA through
the signing of another CA's public key in a certificate
referred to as a "cross-certificate". When two
Certification Authorities are cross-certified, they agree
to trust and rely upon each other's public key certificates
and keys as if they had issued them themselves. The two
Certification Authorities exchange cross-certificates,
enabling their respective users to interact securely.
CS
See Circuit Switching
CSFB
Circuit Switched Fallback

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CSG
Closed Subscriber Group
CSI-RS
Channel Status Information Reference Signal
Cyclic Delay Diversity
Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme

used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems,
transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity
avoiding intersymbol interference.
Cyclic Redundancy Code
A CRC is an error-detecting code. Its computation

resembles a polynomial long division operation in
which the quotient is discarded and the remainder
becomes the result, with the important distinction that
the polynomial coefficients are calculated according to
the carry-less arithmetic of a finite field. The length of
the remainder is always less than the length of the
divisor (called the generator polynomial), which
therefore determines how long the result can be. The
definition of a particular CRC specifies the divisor to
be used, among other things.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
D-BCH
See Dynamic Broadcast Channel
Data Encryption Standard
A specification for encryption of computer

data that uses a 56-bit key developed by IBM
and adopted by the U.S. government as a
standard in 1976.
Data Radio Bearer
The DRB is used to carry the data associated

with an EPS bearer. It is also known as
"dedicated radio beared".
DC
See Direct Current
DCCH
Dedicated Control Channel
DCDU
See Direct Current Distribution Unit
DCI
See Downlink Control Information
DCS
Digital Cellular Service
Decompressor
It is at the RX end, and is responsible for

restoring the header of the data packet based
on the Profile and the context.

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delay mesurement
The time elapsed since the start of

transmission of the first bit of the frame by a
source node until the reception of the last bit
of the loopbacked frame by the same source
node, when the loopback is performed at the
frame's destination node.
Demilitarized Zone
A buffer area between an insecure system and

the secure system and is used to solve the
problem that the external network equipped
with a firewall cannot access the internal
network server. The DMZ is located between
the internal network and the external network.
In the DMZ, some public server facilities,
such as the enterprise Web server and FTP
server, can be located. The DMZ effectively
protects the internal network.
Denial of Service
Refusal to provide services. DoS attacks are

aimed at stopping the computers or the
network from providing normal services.
DES
See Data Encryption Standard
DHCP
See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Differentiated Services
An IETF standard that defines a mechanism

for controlling and forwarding traffic in a
differentiated manner based on CoS settings
to handle network congestion.
Differentiated Services Code Point
A Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Code

Point is a marker in the header of each IP
packet that prompts network routers to apply
differentiated grades of service to various
packet streams. It is specified by the DiffServ
policy proposed by the IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet
and other IP-based network service providers
to offer different levels of service to
customers.
DiffServ
See Differentiated Services

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Digital certificate
An electronic document used to validate the

end parties or entities employed in data
transfer. A digital certificate binds an identity
to a pair of electronic keys that can be used to
encrypt and sign digital information and
issued by a Certification Authority (CA) and
signed with the CA's private key. A digital
certificate typically contains the: - Owner's
name - Serial number of the digital certificate
- Expiration date of the public key - Owner's
public key - Name of the issuer - Digital
signature of the issuer
Digital signature
A message signed with a sender's private key

that can be verified by anyone who has access
to the sender's public key. Digital signature
gives the receiver the reason to believe the
message was sent by the claimed sender. A
proper implementation of digital signature is
computing a message digest for the message
sent from the sender to the receiver, and then
signing the message digest. The result is
called digital signature and is sent to the
receiver together with the original message.
Digital Subscriber Line Access

Multiplexer
A network device, usually situated in the main

office of a telephone company that receives
signals from multiple customer Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL) connections and puts
the signals on a high-speed backbone line
using multiplexing techniques.
Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow

of electric charge.
Direct Current Distribution Unit
A direct current distribution unit distributes

the -48 V DC received from an external power
source to other devices.
Discontinuous Reception
Discontinous Reception (DRX) is a method

used in mobile communication to conserve
the battery of the mobile device. The mobile
device and the network negotiate phases in
which data transfer happens. During other
times the device turns its receiver off and
enters a low power state.

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Diversity gain
Diversity gain is a performance gain achieved

by reducing the fading effects. The deep
fading degree of the combined signal can be
reduced because the probability of concurrent
deep fading on multiple channels is lower
than that on a single channel. The fading
degree is represented by SINR variance.
DL
See Downlink
DL-SCH
Downlink Shared Channel
DM
See delay mesurement
DMZ
See Demilitarized Zone
DOA
Direction of Arrival
DoS
See Denial of Service
Downlink
A downlink is a channel on which data is

transmitted from the BS to the terminal.
Downlink Control Information
The PDCCH is used to carry DCI such as

scheduling decisions and power control
commands. More specifically, the DCI
includes:
l Downlink scheduling assignments,
including PDSCH resource indication,
transport format, hybrid-ARQ
information, and control information
related to spatial multiplexing (if
applicable). A downlink scheduling
assignment also includes a command for
power control of the PUCCH uplink
physical channel.
l Uplink scheduling grants, including
PUSCH resource indication, transport
format, and hybrid-ARQ-related
information. An uplink scheduling grant
also includes a command for power
control of the PUSCH uplink physical
channel.
l Power-control commands for a set of
terminals as a complement to the
commands included in the scheduling
assignments/grants. The different types of
control information above typically
correspond to different DCI message
sizes.
DRB
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See Data Radio Bearer

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DRS
Dedicated Reference Signal
DRX
See Discontinuous Reception
Dry contact
A type of passive switch that has two states:

open and closed. The two contacts are not
distinguished by polarity. Therefore, the two
contacts can be used interchangeably.
Common dry contact signals are the outputs
of switches, buttons, sensors, relays, and dry
finger pipes.
DSCP
See Differentiated Services Code Point
DSLAM
See Digital Subscriber Line Access

Multiplexer
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Channel
Duplexer
A device that consists of a transmitting filter

and a receiving filter and provides a reliable
path for sharing of an antenna by transmission
and reception so that the high-power
transmitted signals do not have an obvious
impact on the weak received signals.
DwPTS
Downlink Pilot Timeslot
Dynamic Broadcast Channel
It carriers the MIB information.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP) is a client-server networking
protocol. A DHCP server provides
configuration parameters specific to the
DHCP client host requesting, generally,
information required by the host to participate
on the Internet network. DHCP also provides
a mechanism for allocation of IP addresses to
hosts.
E-CID
Enhanced Cell ID
E-MBMS
See Evolved MBMS
E-RAB
See E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer
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E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number
A method of identifying the center carrier

frequencies in E-UTRA. The carrier
frequency in the uplink and downlink is
designated by the EARFCN (E-UTRA
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number)
in the range 0 - 65535. The channel raster is
100KHz for all bands, which means that the
carrier centre frequency must be an integer
multiple of 100KHz. The relation between
EARFCN and the carrier frequency in MHz
for the downlink/uplink is given by an
equation and associated table of frequency
bands.
E-UTRAN
See Evolved UTRAN
E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier
The E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier is used

to identify cells globally. The ECGI is
constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country
Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and the
ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier).
E-UTRAN NodeB
The eNodeB is the principal function within

the E-UTRAN. Its functions include Radio
Resource Management, Uplink Packet
Classification and QoS Policy Enforcement,
Data Compression and User Data Encryption
across the air. Towards the EPC (Evolved
Packet Core) it is responsible for forwarding
of control plane signalling to the MME
(Mobility Management Entity). Likewise
User Plane traffic is forwarded to the S-GW
(Serving Gateway).
E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer
The concatenation of an S1 bearer and the

corresponding radio bearer. When an E-RAB
exists, there is a one-to-one mapping between
this E-RAB and an EPS bearer of the Non
Access Stratum. Each E-RAB is defined by
the following parameters: 1) E-RAB ID - this
element is used to identify the E-RAB on the
S1 interface. 2) E-RAB QoS - this element
describes the QCI (Quality Class Identifier)
that defines QoS parameters such as end to
end delay, bit error rates etc. Also included
are allocation and retention priorities as well
as GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) parameters if
real time services are to be supported over the
E-RAB.
EAP-TLS
See Extensible Authentication Protocal

Transport Layer Security

17
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
EAPoL
See Extensible Authentication Protocol over

LAN
EARFCN
See E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number
EBC
See Event Based Counter
EBF
See Eigen Beamforming
EBS
See Excess Burst Size
ECGI
See E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier
ECM
See EPS Connection Management
eCSFB
Enhanced Circuit Services fallback
EEA
See EPS Encryption Algorithm
EGT
See Equal Gain Transmission
EHPLMN
See Equivalent HPLMN
EIA
See EPS Integrity Algorithm
eICIC
Enhanced-Inter-Cell Interference
Coordination
Eigen Beamforming
EBF computes the eigen values of a channel

covariance matrix to obtain beamforming
weights.
Electronic Serial Number
A 32-bit number assigned by the mobile

station manufacturer, uniquely identifying a
mobile station. This is similar to the
International Mobile Equipment Identity
(IMEI) used in GSM networks.
EMM
See EPS Mobility Management
EMU
See Environment Monitoring Unit
Energy Per Resource Element
Downlink power control determines the

energy per resource element (EPRE). The
term resource element energy denotes the
energy prior to CP insertion. The term
resource element energy also denotes the
average energy taken over all constellation
points for the modulation scheme applied.
eNodeB
See E-UTRAN NodeB

18
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Environment Monitoring Unit
The Environment Monitoring Unit (EMU)

uses sensors to monitor the temperature,
humidity, smoke, and intrusion in the
environment in real time. The environment
can be automatically monitored according to
the preset values and alarms are automatically
generated when the preset thresholds are
exceeded.
EOC
Emergency Operations Center
EPC
See Evolved Packet Core
EPF
Enhanced Proportional Fair
EPRE
See Energy Per Resource Element
EPS
See Evolved Packet System
EPS Connection Management
In addition to the LTE Active, Idle and

Detached states there also exists various EPS
Mobility Management (EMM) and EPS
Connection Management (ECM) states. The
ECM states describe the signalling
connectivity between the UE and the EPC.
Two ECM states exist, namely ECM-IDLE
and ECM-CONNECTED.
EPS Encryption Algorithm
E-UTRA includes the support of EEA (EPS

Encryption Algorithm) and EIA (EPS
Integrity Algorithm). The EEA (EPS
Encryption Algorithm) are each assigned a
4bit identifier. Currently, the following
values have been defined for NAS, RRC and
UP ciphering: 0000 - 128-EEA0 Null
ciphering algorithm. 0001 - 128-EEA1
SNOW 3G. 0010 - 128-EEA2 AES
(Advanced Encryption Standard).
EPS Integrity Algorithm
The integrity process uses an EIA (EPS

Integrity Algorithm), these have a 4bit
identifier. Examples of EIA algorithms
include: 0001 - 128-EIA1 SNOW 3G. 0010 128-EIA2 AES. These are implemented in the
UE and eNB for RRC signalling integrity
protection. In addition, they are also
implemented in the UE and MME for NAS
integrity protection.

19
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
EPS Mobility Management
In addition to the LTE Active, Idle and

Detached states there also exists various EPS
Mobility Management (EMM) and EPS
Connection Management (ECM) states. The
EMM states result from the mobility
management procedures, such as Attach and
Tracking Area Update procedures. Two
EMM states exist, EMM-DEREGISTERED
and EMMREGISTERED.
Equal Gain Transmission
EGT is similar to EBF. The difference is that

EGT normalizes the amplitudes of antenna
weights. That is, only phases are weighted,
but amplitudes are not. Huawei eNodeB uses
the EGT algorithm.
Equivalent HPLMN
Any PLMN to be declared as an equivalent to

the HPLMN shall be present within the
EHPLMN list and is called an EHPLMN.
ESN
See Electronic Serial Number
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards

Institute
Event Based Counter
The method of generate extended

performance statistics counter based on
message from eNB Call History Record.
event-triggered periodic reporting
After an event is reported for the first time,

the measurement results associated with the
event are reported periodically. This reporting
mode is called event-triggered periodical
reporting.
Evolved MBMS
MBMS is called EMBMS (Evolved MBMS)

in the SAE/LTE-based network architecture.
Evolved Packet Core
A framework for an evolution or migration of

the 3GPP system to a higher-data-rate, lowerlatency, packet-optimized system that
supports, multiple RATs.
Evolved Packet System
An evolution of the 3G UMTS characterized

by higher-data-rate, lower-latency, packetoptimized system that supports multiple
RATs. The Evolved Packet System comprises
the Evolved Packet Core together with the
evolved radio access network (E-UTRA and
E-UTRAN).

20
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
Evolved UTRAN
An evolution of the 3G UMTS radio-access

network towards a high-data-rate, lowlatency and packet-optimized radio-access
network.
Excess Burst Size
In the single rate three color marker (srTCM)

mode, traffic control is achieved by the token
buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a
parameter used to define the capacity of token
bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet
size when the information is transferred at the
committed information rate. This parameter
must be larger than 0. It is recommended that
this parameter should not be less than the
maximum length of an IP packet that might
be forwarded.
Extensible Authentication Protocal

Transport Layer Security
EAP-Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS),

defined in RFC 5216, is an IETF open
standard, and is well-supported among
wireless vendors. The security of the TLS
protocol is strong, provided the user
understands potential warnings about false
credentials. It uses PKI to secure
communication to a RADIUS authentication
server or another type of authentication
server.
Extensible Authentication Protocol over

LAN
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

over LAN (EAPoL) is a network port
authentication protocol used in IEEE 802.1X
(Port Based Network Access Control)
developed to give a generic network sign-on
to access network resources. EAPoL, similar
to EAP, is a simple encapsulation that can run
over any LAN. The same three main
components are defined in EAP and EAPoL
to accomplish the authentication
conversation: - Supplicant (Port
Authentication Entity (PAE) seeking access
to netwrok resources) - Authenticator (PAE
that controls network access) - Authentication
Server (a RADIUS/AAA server)
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
FAG
Feature Activation Guidline
Fan
A device for heat dissipation by creating a current of air.

21
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Fast Ethernet
In computer networking, Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a

number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal
rate of 100 Mbit/s, against the original Ethernet speed of 10
Mbit/s. Of the fast Ethernet standards 100BASE-TX is by far
the most common and is supported by the vast majority of
Ethernet hardware currently produced.
FDD
See Frequency Division Duplex
FDMA
See Frequency Division Multiple Access
FE
See Fast Ethernet
FEC
See Forward Error Correction
FFT
Fast Fourier Transform
FH
See frequency hopping
FIFO
See First In First Out
File Transfer Protocol
A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files

between two computers on the Internet. Both computers must
support their respective FTP roles: one must be an FTP client
and the other an FTP server.
Firewall
A combination of a series of components set between different

networks or network security domains. By monitoring, limiting,
and changing the data traffic across the firewall, it masks the
interior information, structure and running state of the network
as much as possible to protect the network security.
First In First Out
FIFO is a term used to describe routing buffers where no QoS

(Quality of Service) is applied to packets entering the router.
Packets are treated in the order that they are received by the
router. QoS routers use processes such as weighted fair queuing
and weighted round robin in order to provide QoS to IP packet
services.
First Order
A ROHC compressor is in one of 3 main states. In First-Order

(FO) state, the compressor has detected and stored the static
fields (such as IP addresses and port numbers) on both sides of
the connection. The compressor is also sending dynamic packet
field differences in FO state. Thus, FO state is essentially static
and pseudo-dynamic compression.
FL
Feature List
FO
See First Order
Forward Error
Correction
A bit error correction technology that adds the correction

information to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the
correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission are corrected at the receive end.
FPC
See Fractional Power Control

22
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
FPI
Flow Priority Index
Fractional Power
Control
A power control technique used to compensate part of path loss.
Frequency Division
Duplex
Frequency Division Duplex is employed in radio systems to

provide an uplink and downlink radio channel between the
network and the user. The frequencies separated by a duplex
spacing. Users tune between the uplink and downlink
frequencies to transmit and receive respectively.
Frequency Division
Multiple Access
A technique in which multiple users of a radio system are

separated in the frequency domain.
Frequency Switched
Transmit Diversity
Frequency switched transmit diversity (FSTD) is a technique in

which some of multiple antennas (if configured) are selected in
a specific frequency order for transmission.
frequency hopping
The repeated switching of frequencies during radio transmission

according to a specified algorithm, to minimize unauthorized
interception or jamming of telecommunications.
FSTD
See Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity
FTP
See File Transfer Protocol
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
Gateway Mobile Location Center
The Gateway Mobile Location Centre

(GMLC) contains functionality required to
support LCS. In one PLMN, there may be
more than one GMLC. A GMLC is the first
node an external LCS client accesses in a
PLMN (i.e. the Le reference point is
supported by the GMLC).
GBR
Guaranteed Bit Rate
GCI
Global Cell Identity
GE
See Gigabit Ethernet
General Packet Radio Service
A mobile data service available to users of

GSM mobile phones. It is often described as
"2.5G", that is, a technology between the
second (2G) and third (3G) generations of
mobile telephony.
GERAN
See GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network

23
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term

describing various technologies for
transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a
gigabit per second, as defined by the IEEE
802.3-2008 standard.
Global Positioning System
A satellite-based global navigation system

that consists of a constellation of 24 satellites
in orbit 11,000 nmi above the Earth, several
on-station (i.e., in-orbit) spares, and a groundbased control segment.
Global System for Mobile communications A second generation cellular telecommunication system which was first planned in the
early 1980s. Unlike first generation systems
operating at the time, GSM was digital and
thus introduced greater enhancements such as
security, capacity, quality and the ability to
support integrated services. Initially, GSM
was planned to be a European system
allowing subscribers to roam between
different networks however, GSM was
quickly adopted by many other regions and is
now a "Global System". Many countries
around the world have now met market
saturation point, which means over 100% of
the population of that country possess a GSM
phone.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
Globally Unique MME Identifier
The GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary

Identity) has two main components, the
GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME
Identifier) that uniquely identifies the MME
that allocated the GUTI and the M-TMSI (MTemporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) that
provides for an unambiguous identity of the
UE within this MME.
GMLC
See Gateway Mobile Location Center
GPRS
See General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Tunneling Protocol User Plane
GTP is the defining IP protocol of the GPRS

core network. Primarily it is the protocol
which allows end users of a GSM or
WCDMA network to move from place to
place while continuing to connect to the
Internet as if from one location at the Gateway
GPRS Support Node (GGSN). It does this by
carrying the subscriber's data from the
subscriber's current Serving GPRS Support
Node (SGSN) to the GGSN which is handling
the subscriber's session.

24
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
GPS
See Global Positioning System
GSM
See Global System for Mobile

communications
GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
A GSM radio access network that supports the

EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global
Evolution) modulation technique. It has been
specified to connect the A , Gb and Iu
interfaces to the CN (Core Network). The
architecture allows two BSSs (Base Station
Subsystems) to be connected to each other.
GTP-U
See GPRS Tunneling Protocol User Plane
GUMMEI
See Globally Unique MME Identifier
GUTI
Globally Unique Temporary Identifier
GWCN
Gateway Core Network
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
HARQ
See Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
Hash Message Authentication

Code
Also known as "Hash-based Message Authentication

Code". In cryptography, HMAC (Hash-based Message
Authentication Code), is a specific construction for
calculating a message authentication code (MAC)
involving a cryptographic hash function in combination
with a secret key. As with any MAC, it may be used to
simultaneously verify both the data integrity and the
authenticity of a message. Any iterative cryptographic
hash function, such as MD5 or SHA-1, may be used in
the calculation of an HMAC; the resulting MAC
algorithm is termed HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA1
accordingly. The cryptographic strength of the HMAC
depends upon the cryptographic strength of the
underlying hash function, the size of its hash output
length in bits and on the size and quality of the
cryptographic key.
Hetnet
Heterogeneous network
HFN
Hyper Frame Number
High Interference Indication
An IE that provides, per PRB, a 2 level report on

interference sensitivity. Each position in the bitmap
represents a PRB (first bit=PRB 0 and so on), for which
value "1" indicates 'high interference sensitivity' and
value "0" indicates 'low interference sensitivity'.

25
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
High Rate Packet Data
High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), also known as TIA/EIA

IS-856 or 1xEV-DO, is a packet data protocol in the 3G
mobile communications network based on CDMA2000.
HII
See High Interference Indication
HLR
See home location register
HMAC
See Hash Message Authentication Code
home location register
A database that manages the mobile subscriber data. It

stores the following information including account
information of a subscriber (composed of
telecommunication service subscription data and
subscriber status data), mobile station location
information (MM information), MSISDN and IMSI.
Home PLMN
A PLMN where the MCC and MNC of the PLMN

identity match the MCC and MNC of the IMSI. Matching
criteria are defined in TS 23.122.
Home Subscriber Server
The Home Subscribe Server is the main IMS database

which also acts as database in EPC. The HSS is a super
HLR that combined legacy HLR and AuC functions
together for CS and PS domains. In the IMS architecture,
the HSS connects to application servers as well as the Call
Session Control Function (CSCF) using the DIAMETER
protocol.
HPLMN
See Home PLMN
HRPD
See High Rate Packet Data
HSS
See Home Subscriber Server
HSUPA
High Speed Uplink Packet Data
HTTP
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hybrid Automatic Repeat

Request
To make up the defects of forward error correction coding

and automatic retransmission request, these two methods
are combined to create Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
(HARQ), which means an ARQ system contains an FEC
subsystem. When the FEC can correct the errors, the
ARQ is not used. When the FEC cannot correct the errors,
the ARQ request the retransmission of error codes
through the ARQ feedback channel. Only the physical
layer of OFDMA supports the HARQ mechanism. The
HARQ has the advantages of both forward error
correction coding and automatic retransmission request,
thus improving the reliability of data transmission and
system throughput.

26
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A protocol used to carry requests from a browser to a Web

server and to transport pages from Web servers back to
the requesting browser. Although HTTP is almost
universally used on the Web, it is not a secure protocol.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
IBLER
Initial Block Error Rate
ICI
Inter Carriers Interference
ICIC
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
ICMP
See Internet Control Message Protocol
IE
See Information Element
IEEE
See Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers
IFTS
See Intelligent Field Test System
IKE
See Internet Key Exchange
iManager M2000
A platform on which centralized management

of a mobile network can be performed. The
M2000 can manage Huawei mobile network
elements in a centralized way, including the
UMTS network elements, GSM network
elements, CDMA network elements and IP
network devices used in the mobile network.
The M2000 implements centralized fault
management, centralized performance
management, centralized configuration
management, centralized topology
management, centralized security
management, and system management.
IMEI
See International Mobile Equipment Identity
Immediate MDT
Immediate Minimization of Drive Test
IMS
See IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI
See International Mobile Subscriber Identity
Information Element
An Information Element is a group of

information which may be included within a
signaling message or data flow which is sent
across an interface. Examples may include
QoS (Quality of Service) definitions, setup
parameters, user identifiers etc.

27
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Initialization and Refresh
A ROHC compressor is in one of 3 main

states. In Initialization and Refresh (IR) state,
the compressor has just been created or reset,
and full packet headers are sent.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers
A society of engineering and electronics

professionals based in the United States but
boasting membership from numerous other
countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,
electronics, computer engineering, and
science-related matters.
Intelligent Field Test System
The Intelligent Field Test System (IFTS)

enables the eNodeB to select some UEs based
on preset conditions, to trace the UEs, and to
proactively start the next measurement.
Inter Symbol Interference
Interference between adjacent pulses of a

transmitted code.
Interference Rejection Combining
An optimized RF algorithm, which has

satisfactory anti-inteference performance and
improves the voice quality effectively.
International Mobile Equipment Identity
The International Mobile Equipment Identity

is a unique identifier allocated to each Mobile
Equipment (ME). It consists of a Type
Approval Code (TAC), a Final Assembly
Code (FAC), Serial Number (SNR) and a
Spare Digit.
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
A unique number associated with all GSM

and UMTS network mobile phone users. It is
stored in the SIM inside the phone and is sent
by the phone to the network. It is also used for
acquiring other details of the mobile in the
Home Location Register (HLR) or as locally
copied in the Visitor Location Register. To
prevent eavesdroppers identifying and
tracking the subscriber on the radio interface,
the IMSI is sent as rarely as possible and a
randomly-generated TMSI is sent instead.
International Telecommunication Union
A United Nations agency, one of the most

important and influential recommendation
bodies, responsible for recommending
standards for telecommunication (ITU-T) and
radio networks (ITU-R).
Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite.

It is used to send error and control messages
during the transmission of IP packets.

28
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Internet Key Exchange
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is the protocol

used to set up a security association (SA) in
the IPsec protocol suite. It is a hybrid protocol
and implements Oakley key exchange and
SKEME key exchange in the ISAKMP frame.
Both Oakley and SKEME define a key
exchange method, including the structure of
the valid payload, valid payload of
transmitted information, handling procedure
of the key, and method to use the key.
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol is a standardized method of

transporting information across the Internet in
packets of data. It is often linked to
Transmission Control Protocol, which
assembles the packets once they have been
delivered to the intended location.
Internet Security Association and Key

Management Protocol
A protocol that allows the message receiver

to get a public key and use digital certificates
to authenticate the sender's identity.
IOS
Intelligent Optimum Sample
IOT
Interference Over Thermal
IP
See Internet Protocol

29
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
IP Multimedia Subsystem
A standardized Next Generation Networking

(NGN) architecture for telecom operators that
want to provide mobile and fixed multimedia
services. It uses a Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
implementation based on a 3GPP
standardized implementation of SIP, and runs
over the standard Internet Protocol (IP).
Existing phone systems (both packetswitched and circuit-switched) are supported.
The aim of IMS is not only to provide new
services but all the services, current and
future, that the Internet provides. In this way,
IMS will give network operators and service
providers the ability to control and charge for
each service. In addition, users have to be able
to execute all their services when roaming as
well as from their home networks. To achieve
these goals, IMS uses open standard IP
protocols, defined by the IETF. So, a
multimedia session between two IMS users,
between an IMS user and a user on the
Internet, and between two users on the
Internet is established using exactly the same
protocol. Moreover, the interfaces for service
developers are also based on IP protocols.
This is why IMS truly merges the Internet
with the cellular world; it uses cellular
technologies to provide ubiquitous access and
Internet technologies to provide appealing
services.
IP Performance Monitor
IP performance monitor effectively monitors

the transport network by timely and quickly
monitoring the QoS of the bearer network. IP
performance monitor requires the support of
the BSC and the BTS.
IP PM
See IP Performance Monitor
IP Security
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a

protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol
(IP) communications by authenticating and
encrypting each IP packet of a data stream.
IPsec also includes protocols for establishing
mutual authentication between agents at the
beginning of the session and negotiation of
cryptographic keys to be used during the
session. IPsec can be used to protect data
flows between a pair of hosts (e.g. computer
users or servers), between a pair of security
gateways (e.g. routers or firewalls), or
between a security gateway and a host.
30
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
IPSec
See IP Security
IR
See Initialization and Refresh
IRC
See Interference Rejection Combining
ISAKMP
See Internet Security Association and Key

Management Protocol
ISI
See Inter Symbol Interference
ITU
See International Telecommunication Union
Key Performance Indicator
The KPI indicates the performance value of

an object at a certain time point. A KPI may
be obtained by the aggregation of multiple
levels of KPIs.
KPI
See Key Performance Indicator
LAC
See Location Area Code
LACP
See Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAN
See Local Area Network
LBFD
See LTE Basic Feature Description
LCID
See Logical Channel Identifier
LCR
Low Chip Rate
LCS
See LoCation Services
LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol,

or LDAP, is an application protocol for
querying and modifying data using directory
services running over TCP/IP. LDAP was
originally intended to be a lightweight
alternative protocol for accessing X.500
directory services through the simpler (and
now widespread) TCP/IP protocol stack.
Today, X.500 directory protocols including
DAP can also be used directly over TCP/IP.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)

31
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Within the IEEE specification the Link

Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
provides a method to control the bundling of
several physical ports together to form a
single logical channel. LACP allows a
network device to negotiate an automatic
bundling of links by sending LACP packets
to the peer (directly connected device that also
implements LACP).
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

is an L2D protocol defined in IEEE 802.1ab.
Using the LLDP, the NMS can rapidly obtain
the Layer 2 network topology and changes in
topology when the network scales expand.
LLDP
See Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LM
See loss measurement
LMPT
See LTE Main Processing Transmission Unit
LMT
See Local Maintenance Terminal
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
Local Area Network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer

network covering a small physical area, like
a home, office, or small groups of buildings,
such as a school, or an airport.
Local Maintenance Terminal
Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) is a tool

that connects to the network element and
provides the GUI for the OM of the network
element. The LMT is used for the OM of an
NE. It supports local and remote maintenance
modes.
Location Area Code
An identifier used to identify an LA within a

Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). It
ranges from 0 to 65,535.
LoCation Services
A service that allows carriers to obtain the

geographic location of a target MS/UE by
using dedicated mobile positioning
technologies and to provide location based
services to mobile subscribers.
LOFD
See LTE Optional Feature Description
Logged MDT
Logged Minimization of Drive Test

32
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
Logical Channel Identifier
The number that can be employed to identify

each virtual circuit (or logic channel) is called
logic channel identifier (LCI) or virtual
circuit number (VCN).
Long Term Evolution
LTE is a 3GPP advancement to current

mobile telecommunications networks,
designed to significantly improve data rates
to at least the tens of Mbps region per user
(data rates in the hundreds of Mbps region are
possible if conditions are ideal). Standardized
in 3GPP Release 8, LTE introduces a network
which is based purely on IP as the transport
mechanism. That is, all traffic, including
voice, will be passed across the E-UTRAN as
an IP datagram. LTE is predominantly
associated with the radio access network, with
the SAE specifications defining the core
network (termed the EPC).
loss measurement
A method used to collect counter values

applicable for ingress and egress service
frames where the counters maintain a count
of transmitted and received data frames
between a pair of MEPs.
LSTI
LTE SAE Trial Initiative
LTE
See Long Term Evolution
LTE Basic Feature Description
Prefix of eRAN basic-feature IDs.
LTE Main Processing Transmission Unit
LTE main control transmission board, which

provides the main control function and
transport ports.
LTE Optional Feature Description
Prefix of eRAN optional-feature IDs.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
M2000
See iManager M2000
MAC
See Medium Access Control
MAC-I
See Message Authentication Code for Integrity
Man-Machine Language
A language designed to facilitate direct user control of a

computer.

33
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Managed Object
A Managed Object can be either a physical or logical

resource which may be defined in terms of its attributes.
These attributes may be controlled by a network manager
through a manager agent interaction. Managed Objects
form an important part of a TMN (Telecommunication
Management Network).
MAPL
Maximum Allowed Path Loss
Master Information Block
A master information block is used to specify what system

information blocks are in use in a cell, and how they should
be accessed.
Maximum Ratio
Transmission
MRT is similar to Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC). The

difference is that MRT weights data at the transmitter
whereas MRC weights data at the receiver. When the UE
uses only one antenna for reception, MRT works the same
as EBF.
maximum transmission unit
The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a

network. MTU size varies, depending on the network576
bytes on X.25 networks, for example, 1500 bytes on
Ethernet, and 17,914 bytes on 16 Mbit/s token ring.
Responsibility for determining the size of the MTU lies
with the link layer of the network. When packets are
transmitted across networks, the path MTU, or PMTU,
represents the smallest packet size (the one that all networks
can transmit without breaking up the packet) among the
networks involved.
MBMS
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
MBR
Maximum Bit Rate
MBSFN
See Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single

Frequency Network
MC-PPP
Multi-Class Point-to-Point Protocol
MCC
See Mobile Country Code
MCE
MAC Control Element
MCE
MBMS Coordination Entity
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
MD5
See Message-Digest algorithm 5
MDT
See Minimization of Drive-Tests
Mean Time Between Failures
The average time between consecutive failures of a piece

of equipment. It is a measure of the reliability of the system.
Mean Time To Recovery
The average time that a device will take to recover from any
failure.

34
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Glossary
1 Glossary
Media Gateway
A logical entity that converts the format of the media of a

network to meet the format requirement of another network.
It can process audio services, video services and data
services, and convert the media format in full duplex mode.
In addition, it can play certain audio and video signals, and
provide the IVR function and media conference.
Medium Access Control
The Media Access Control (MAC) data communication

protocol sub-layer, also known as the Medium Access
Control, is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer specified in
the seven-layer OSI model (layer 2). It provides addressing
and channel access control mechanisms that make it
possible for several terminals or network nodes to
communicate within a multi-point network, typically a
local area network (LAN) or metropolitan area network
(MAN). The hardware that implements the MAC is referred
to as a Medium Access Controller. The MAC sub-layer acts
as an interface between the Logical Link Control (LLC)
sublayer and the network's physical layer. The MAC layer
emulates a full-duplex logical communication channel in a
multi-point network. This channel may provide unicast,
multicast or broadcast communication service.
Message Authentication Code For details about MAC-I, see 3GPP TS 36.323.
for Integrity
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
Message-Digest algorithm 5
In cryptography, MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm 5) is a

widely used cryptographic hash function with a 128-bit
hash value. Specified in RFC 1321, MD5 has been
employed in a wide variety of security applications, and is
also commonly used to check the integrity of files.
However, it has been shown that MD5 is not collision
resistant; as such, MD5 is not suitable for applications like
SSL certificates or digital signatures that rely on this
property. An MD5 hash is typically expressed as a 32-digit
hexadecimal number.
MGW
See Media Gateway
MIB
See Master Information Block
MIMO
See Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
Minimization of Drive-Tests
A technique that utilizes commercial terminal to collect

measurement result automatically, in order to detect and
optimize the problem and failure in wireless network.
Minimum Mean Square

Error
In statistics and signal processing, a minimum mean square

error (MMSE) estimator describes the approach which
minimizes the mean square error (MSE), which is a
common measure of estimator quality.
ML-PPP
Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol

35
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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
MLB
Mobility Load Balancing
MME
See Mobility Management Entity
MME Code
The IE MMEC identifies an MME within the scope of an

MME Group within a PLMN.
MME Group Identifier
The MMEGI uniquely identifies an MME group within a

PLMN.
MME Identifier
The MMEI is constructed from an MMEGI (MME Group

ID) and an MMEC (MME Code), where the MMEGI
provides the Group Identity of the registered MME within
the PLMN.
MMEC
See MME Code
MMEGI
See MME Group Identifier
MMEI
See MME Identifier
MML
See Man-Machine Language
MMSE
See Minimum Mean Square Error
MNC
See Mobile Network Code
MO
See Managed Object
Mobile Country Code
The Mobile Country Code is a three digit number uniquely

identifying a given country. It is utilized within the IMSI
(International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI
(Location Area Identity).
Mobile Network Code
Either a two or three digit number used to uniquely identify

a given network from within a specified country (MCC
(Mobile Country Code)). The MNC is used as part of the
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI
(Location Area Identity) etc. Short for mobile network
code, it consists of two or three digits and identifies a PLMN
to which a mobile subscriber belongs.
mobile switching center
A logical entity that provides interfaces for interworking

with the function entities in a wireless system and the public
network. It plays a core role for switch in the wireless
system. It provides mobile management and switch to
mobile subscribers and sets up communications between
mobile subscribers, or between a mobile subscriber and a
fixed line subscriber.
Mobile Terminating
A process of receiving calls by mobile subscribers.

36
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Glossary
1 Glossary
Mobility Management Entity
An EPC entity that terminates the control plane with the

mobile device. It is responsible for terminating NAS (Non
Access Stratum) Signalling such as MM (Mobility
Management) and SM (Session Management) information
as well as coordinating Idle Mode procedures. Other
responsibilities of the MME include gateway selection,
inter MME Mobility and authentication of the mobile
device.
MRC
Maximum Ratio Combining
MRFD
See Multi-Mode RAN Feature Description
MRO
Mobility Robust Optimization
MRT
See Maximum Ratio Transmission
MSC
See mobile switching center
MT
See Mobile Terminating
MTBF
See Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR
See Mean Time To Recovery
MTU
See maximum transmission unit
MU-MIMO
Multi User - MIMO
Multi-Mode RAN Feature

Description
Prefix of Multi-Mode RAN feature IDs.
Multimedia Broadcast
multicast service Single
Frequency Network
an area of the network where all eNodeBs can be

synchronized and perform MBSFN transmissions On a
given frequency layer.
Multiple-Input MultipleOutput
A technology used in wireless communications, in which

multiple antennas are used at each end of the transmission
link. The antennas for transmitting signals at each end of
the transmission link are combined so that the signal error
is minimized, and data transmission rate is maximized.
MVNO
Mobile Virtual Network Operator
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
NACC
See Network Assisted Cell Change
NAS
See Non-Access Stratum

37
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
NAS Node Selection Function
When an eNodeB is connected to multiple

MMEs through different S1 connections, the
eNodeB directs a UE that accesses the
network to a suitable MME through an S1
connection. The function of selecting an
MME is called NNSF.
NCC
Next Hop Chaining Count
NCL
See Neighbor Cell List
Ncs
Number of CycleShift
Neighbor Cell List
An NCL contains the information about

neighboring cells of a cell, excluding intraeNodeB neighboring cells. The information
includes the ECGIs, PCIs, and EARFCNs of
neighboring cells.
Neighbor Relation Table
An NCL contains the information about the

neighbor relations between a cell and its
neighboring cells.
Network Assisted Cell Change
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)

accelerates the cell reselection. This feature
minimizes the service interruption time due to
the cell reselection.
Network Management System
A Network Management System (NMS) is a

combination of hardware and software used
to monitor and administer a network.
Individual network elements (NEs) in a
network are managed by an element
management system.
Network Time Protocol
NTP is a protocol designed to synchronize the

clocks of computers over a network. NTP
version 3 is an internet draft standard,
formalized in RFC 1305. NTP version 4 is a
significant revision of the NTP standard, and
is the current development version, but has
not been formalized in an RFC. SNTP
(Simple NTP) version 4 is described in RFC
2030.

38
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Glossary
1 Glossary
Next hop
Routing term used for the next gateway to

which packets should be forwarded along the
path to its final destination. one technique to
make content of a routing table smaller is
called next-hop routing. A routing table
usually contains the IP address of a
destination network and the IP address of the
next gateway (next hop) along the path to the
final network destination. Using a routing
table to store a next hop for each 'Known'
destination is called next-hop forwarding.
Therefore a given gateway only knows one
step along the path, not the complete path to
a destination. It is also key to know that the
next hops listed in a routing table are on
networks to which the gateway is directly
connected to.
NMS
See Network Management System
NNSF
See NAS Node Selection Function
Non-Access Stratum
The protocols between UE and MSC or SGSN

that are not terminated in the UTRAN, and the
protocols between UE and MME that are not
terminated in the E-UTRAN.
Non-GBR
Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate
NRT
See Neighbor Relation Table
NTP
See Network Time Protocol
OAM
See Operation, Administration,and

Management
Oassive Optical Network
A passive optical network (PON) is a system

that brings optical fiber cabling and signals all
or most of the way to the end user.
OCL
Object Constraint Language
OFDM
See Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing
OFDMA
See Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple

Access
OI
Overload Indication
OL-SM
See Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)

39
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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
OL-TD
See Open-Loop Transmit Diversity
OLC
Overload Control
OLT
See Optical Line Terminal
OM
See Operation and Maintenance
OMC
See Operation and Maintenance Center
ONT
See Optical Network Terminal
ONU
See Optical Network Unit
Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing
In OL-SM mode, the UE needs not report

precoding information. When the rank is
equal to 1, OL-SM is equivalent to OL-TD.
When the rank is equal to 2, 3, or 4, OL-SM
maps data streams onto different layers and
performs precoding.
Open-Loop Transmit Diversity
In OL-TD mode, the diversity gain can be

achieved. Space-frequency block coding
(SFBC) is used in the case of two TX
antennas. The combination of SFBC and
frequency switched TX diversity (FSTD) is
used in the case of four TX antennas.
Operating Support System
Operating Support System (OSS) is originally

used in the telecommunication world to
describe the processes and teams that monitor
the underlying networks. Predominantly
looks after the functional and non-functional
requirements of solutions/systems.
Monitoring, end-to-end design, and error
handling tend to be the main areas of work.
Operation and Maintenance
Operation and Maintenance (OM) is the

activities for monitoring and managing the
equipment in the telecommunication
network.
Operation and Maintenance Center
An Operations and Maintenance Centre is an

element within a network management
system responsible for the operations and
maintenance of a specific element or group of
elements. For example an OMC-Radio may
be responsible for the management of a radio
subsystem where as an OMC-Switch may be
responsible for the management of a switch
or exchange. However, these will in turn be
under the control of a NMC (Network
Management Centre) which controls the
entire network.

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Operation, Administration,and
Management
A group of network support functions that

monitor and sustain segment operation,
activities that are concerned with, but not
limited to, failure detection, notification,
location, and repairs that are intended to
eliminate faults and keep a segment in an
operational state and support activities
required to provide the services of a
subscriber access network to users/
subscribers.
Optical Line Terminal
Abbreviation for optical line termination.

Optical network elements that terminate a line
signal.
Optical Network Terminal
A device that terminates the fiber optical

network at the customer premises.
Optical Network Unit
A form of Access Node that converts optical

signals transmitted via fiber to electrical
signals that can be transmitted via coaxial
cable or twisted pair copper wiring to
individual subscribers.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple

Access
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple

Access (OFDMA) uses the OFDM
technology to divide users. Because data on
different subcarriers are transmitted in
parallel, OFDMA is a frequency-division
multiplexing access mode. In OFDMA, users
share fast Fourier transformation space on
uplink links. The BS allocates subcarriers for
users. In this way, it can allocate different
rates for different users.
Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing
A type of Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM).

In this multiplexing mode, a channel is
divided into multiple orthogonal
subchannels. High-speed data signals are
converted into parallel low-speed subdata
streams and are modulated for transmission
on the subchannels. Orthogonal signals can be
separated at the receiver, reducing the
interference between subchannels. The signal
bandwidth on each subchannel is smaller than
the related bandwidth of the channel;
therefore, each subchannel can be regarded as
flat fading, canceling the interference
between symbols. In addition, the bandwidth
of each subchannel is only a small part of the
original channel bandwidth, and therefore
equalization becomes easier.

41
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Glossary
1 Glossary
OSG
Open Subscribe Group
OSS
See Operating Support System
OTDOA
Observed Time Difference of Arrival
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
P-GW
PDN Gateway
P2P
See peer to peer
Packet Data Convergence

Protocol
Packet Data Convergence Protocol is used in UMTS to

format the data into a suitable structure prior to transfer
over the air interface.
Packet Error Loss Rate
Sum of the error bit rate and the packet loss rate.
Packet Switched
In a packet switched network, data may be transferred by

dividing it into small blocks or pieces known as packets.
Each packet contains information in its header to allow
it to be routed by packet switches across the network.
This is a more efficient means of transferring data. An
example of a packet switched network is the Internet.
Parts per million
One part per million (ppm) denotes one part per

1,000,000 parts, one part in 106, and a value of 1 10-6.
path maximum transmission

unit
A method of discovering the supported MTU on a

specific path by using ICMPv6 Datagram Too Big
messages.
PBCH
See Physical Broadcast Channel
PCC
Primary Component Carrier
PCCH
Paging Control Channel
PCell
Primary Cell
PCFICH
See Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PCI
See Physical Cell Identifier
PCRF
Policy And Charging Rules Function
PDB
Packet Delay Budget
PDCCH
See Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCP
See Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDH
See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDSCH
See Physical Downlink Shared Channel

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Peak Information Rate
Peak information rate is a traffic parameter, expressed in

bit/s, whose value should not be less than the committed
information rate.
peer to peer
The protocol or application based on the peer to peer

techenology.
PELR
See Packet Error Loss Rate
Per-Hop Behavior
IETF Diff-Serv workgroup defines forwarding behaviors

of network nodes as per-hop behaviors (PHB), such as,
traffic scheduling and policing. A device in the network
should select the proper PHB behaviors, based on the
value of DSCP. At present, the IETF defines four types
of PHB. They are class selector (CS), expedited
forwarding (EF), assured forwarding (AF), and besteffort (BE).
PF
Proportional Fair
Phase-locked Loop
A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector

which compares the frequency of a voltage-controlled
oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or
reference-frequency generator; the output of the phase
detector, after passing through a loop filter, is fed back
to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in
phase with the incoming or reference frequency.
PHB
See Per-Hop Behavior
PHICH
See Physical HARQ Indicator Channel
PHR
Power Headroom Report
Physical Broadcast Channel
A physical broadcast channel is a transmission channel

that is used to transfer information to all mobile devices
that are operating in a radio coverage area. The broadcast
channel periodically sends (approximately every 40
msec) system identification and access control
parameters
Physical Cell Identifier
Identifier of a physical cell.
Physical Control Format

Indicator Channel
The physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH)

is the physical channel that carries the number of OFDM
symbols for transmission of PDCCHs in a subframe.
PCFICH is located at OFDM symbol #0 of every
subframe, and the assignment to the subcarriers is
determined by cell ID information.

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Physical Downlink Control

Channel
The physical downlink control channel is a transmission

channel that is used to transfer control information to
mobile devices. The PDCCH defines how the paging
channel and shared downlink channels are configured
and it defines uplink transmission scheduling
information to help coordinate access control to the radio
system.
Physical Downlink Shared

Channel
In LTE the PDSCH carries the DL-SCH (Downlink

Shared Channel). This is the only downlink transport
channel available to carry user data between the mobile
device and the eNB.
Physical HARQ Indicator

Channel
The Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

Indicator Channel (PHICH) is the physical channel that
carries the Hybrid ARQ Indicator (HI). The HI contains
the Acknowledgment/Negative Acknowledgement
(ACK/NACK) feedback to the UE for the uplink blocks
received by the eNodeB.
Physical Multicast Channel
The Physical Multicast Channel is the physical channel

that carries the Multicast Channel (MCH) transport
channel. The PMCH is similar to the PDSCH except that
it carries information to multiple users for point-tomultipoint services.
Physical Random Access

Channel
The PRACH is an uplink physical channel used to convey

control information for access purpose. It also carries
short user packets from the UE.
Physical Resource Block
A E-UTRA PRB (Physical Resource Block) is defined

as consisting of 12 consecutive subcarriers for one slot
(0.5 ms). A PRB is the smallest element of resource
allocation assigned by the eNB scheduler.
PIR
See Peak Information Rate
PKI
See Public Key Infrastructure
Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy
The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a

technology used in telecommunications networks to
transport large quantities of data over digital transport
equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio
systems.
PLL
See Phase-locked Loop
PLMN
See Public Land Mobile Network
PMCH
See Physical Multicast Channel
PMI
Precoding Matrix Indication
PMTU
See path maximum transmission unit
PMU
See Power Monitoring Unit

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
PnP
Plug-and-Play
Point-to-Point Protocol
multiplexing
The method, PPP Multiplexing, sends multiple PPP

encapsulated packets (sub-frames) in a single PPP frame.
As a result, the PPP overhead per packet is reduced. It is
applicable to transport small packets such as voice and
data over slow links.
Point-to-Point Protocol Over

Ethernet
PPPoE, point-to-point protocol over Ethernet, is a

network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames in
Ethernet frames. It is used mainly with DSL services. It
offers standard PPP features such as authentication,
encryption, and compression.
polarization
A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose

electric field vector is fixed or rotates regularly.
Specifically, if the electric field vector of the
electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of
horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the
electromagnetic wave is parallel to the plane of horizon,
this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized
wave; if the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point
in space, describes a circle, this electromagnetic wave is
called circularly polarized wave.
Polarized antenna
An antenna measured by aligning the target antenna and

the probe antenna and then carrying out the measurement
twice when the probe antenna is at 0 degrees and 90
degrees.
PON
See Oassive Optical Network
Power headroom
The power headroom is a measure of the difference

between the maximum terminal transmit power and the
uplink transmit power that would have been used
assuming that the mobile terminal would not have been
limited by its maximum transmit power. Thus, the power
headroom can very well be negative. More exactly, a
negative power headroom indicates that the mobile
terminal transmit power was limited by Pmax at the time
of the power headroom reporting.
Power Monitoring Unit
Power Monitoring Unit (PMU) is the core of power and

environment monitoring. Environment variables are
collected, processed, and reported through the PMU.
ppm
See Parts per million
PPPmux
See Point-to-Point Protocol multiplexing
PPPoE
See Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet
PPS
See Pulse Per Second

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
PQ
See Priority Queuing
PRACH
See Physical Random Access Channel
PRB
See Physical Resource Block
Precision Time Protocol
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a high-precision

time protocol for synchronization used in measurement
and control systems residing on a local area network.
Accuracy in the sub-microsecond range may be achieved
with low-cost implementations.
Priority Queuing
Priority queuing is an algorithm that assigns each queue

a priority. Packets in the queue with the highest priority
are handled first. Packets in the queue with the lowest
priority are discarded first in case of congestion. If there
are too many packets with higher priorities, packets with
lower priorities cannot be serviced.
Protection grounding Bar
A bar in a cabinet to which the PGND cable is connected

to ensure that the cabinet and earth are equipotentially
connected.
PRS
Positioning reference signal
PS
See Packet Switched
PSIC
parallel soft interference cancellation
PSIC
Parallel Successive Interference Cancellation
PTP
See Precision Time Protocol
Public Key Infrastructure
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a set of hardware,

software, people, policies, and procedures needed to
create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital
certificates. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement
that binds public keys with respective user identities by
means of a certificate authority (CA). The user identity
must be unique within each CA domain.
Public Land Mobile Network
A Public Land Mobile Network is a generic name for all

mobile wireless networks that use land based radio
transmitters or base stations.
PUCCH
Physical Uplink Control Channel
Pulse Per Second
A Pulse per second (PPS) is an electrical signal that very

precisely indicates the start of a second. PPS signals are
output by various types of precision clocks, including
some models of GPS receivers. Depending on the source,
properly operating PPS signals have an accuracy ranging
from a few nanoseconds to a few milliseconds.
PUSCH
Physical Uplink Shared Channel
PWS
Public Warning System

46
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Glossary
1 Glossary
Q
QCI
QoS Class Identifier
QoS
See Quality of Service
QPSK
See Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
Quality of Service
The collective effect of service performances

which determine the degree of satisfaction of
a user of a service. It is characterised by the
combined aspects of performance factors
applicable to all services, such as service
operability performance, service accessibility
performance, service retainability
performance, and service integrity
performance.
Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is a

method for transmitting digital data across an
analog channel. Data bits are grouped into
pairs and represented by a unique waveform,
called a symbol. Data may be simulated with
a pseudo-noise sequence generator.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
RA
Random Access
RA
See Registration Authority
RAC
See Routing Area Code
RACH
See Random Access Channel
Radio Access Network
The radio access network performs the radio functionality

of the network, as well as providing the connection to the
CN (Core Network).
Radio Access Technology
RAT indicates the type of radio technology to access the

CN (Core Network). Example technologies being UTRA
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access), CDMA2000, DECT
(Digital Enhanced Cordless Technology), GERAN (GSM
EDGE Radio Access Network) etc.
Radio bearer
Radio bearers are classified into data radio bearers (DRBs)

and signaling radio bearers (SRBs). A DRB transmits
packets of an EPS bearer between a UE and an eNodeB,
and an SRB transmits signalling between a UE and an
eNodeB.

47
eRAN
Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Radio Frequency
A term that refers to alternating current (AC)

havingcharacteristics such that, if the current is input to an
antenna, an electromagnetic (EM) field is generated
suitable for wireless broadcastingand/or communications.
These frequencies cover asignificant portion of the
electromagnetic radiation spectrum, extending from nine
kilohertz (9 kHz),the lowest allocated wireless
communications frequency (it's within the range of human
hearing), to thousands of gigahertz(GHz).
Radio Link Control
Radio Link Control (RLC) is a link-layer protocol that is

responsible for error recovery and flow control.
Radio Network Controller
The equipment in the RNS in charge of controlling the use

and the integrity of the radio resources.
Radio Network Temporary

Identifier
A Radio Network Temporary Identifier is a generic term

of an identifier for a UE when an RRC connection exists.
It consists of the Cell RNTI (C-RNTI), Serving RNC RNTI
(S-RNTI) and UTRAN RNTI (U-RNTI).
Radio Resource Control
A sublayer of radio interface Layer 3 existing in the control

plane only which provides information transfer service to
the non-access stratum. RRC is responsible for controlling
the configuration of radio interface Layers 1 and 2.
radio resource management
Planning and scheduling of the air interface resources for

the mobile communication system. It manages all air
interface resources, such as creating, monitoring,
modifying, or removing sites, sectors, or carriers.
RADIUS
See Remote Authentication Dial in User Service
RAN
See Radio Access Network
Random Access Channel
The channel used for initial access into a system. The

RACH function is different depending on the technology
of the system.
RAT
See Radio Access Technology
RB
Resource Block
RB
See Radio bearer
RCU
See Remote Control Unit
RDI
See remote defect indication
RE
See Resource Element
RE
Range Expansion
Real Time Protocol
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a host-to-host

protocol. It is used to deliver real-time services such as
audio and video over the IP network.

48
eRAN
Glossary
1 Glossary
Received Signal Code Power
Given only signal power is received, the average power of

the received signal after despreading and combining.
Received Signal Strength

Indicator
The received wide band power, including thermal noise

and noise generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth
defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD within
a specified timeslot. The reference point for the
measurement shall be the antenna.
Refarming
Reassigning government-regulated electromagnetic

spectrum for services with higher value(e.g. GSM
Spectrum reassigned to LTE with higher capacity.).
Reference Signal
In the LTE E-UTRA there are various types of reference

signals used in the uplink and downlink directions. In the
uplink there are two types namely the Demodulation
reference signal and the Sounding reference signal. In the
downlink, there are three main types: Cell Specific (nonMBSFN), MBFSN (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast
Service Single Frequency Network) and UE Specific
Registered PLMN
The PLMN on which the UE has performed a location

registration successfully.
Registration Authority
A registration authority (RA) is an authority in a network

that verifies user requests for a digital certificate and tells
the certificate authority (CA) to issue it. RAs are part of a
public key infrastructure (PKI), a networked system that
enables companies and users to exchange information and
money safely and securely. The digital certificate contains
a public key that is used to encrypt and decrypt messages
and digital signatures.
Relative Narrowband TX
Power
This IE provides an indication on DL power restriction per

PRB in a cell and other information needed by a neighbour
eNB for interference aware scheduling.
Remote Authentication Dial in Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) is

User Service
a networking protocol that provides centralized
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
management for computers to connect and use a network
service. RADIUS serves three functions: - to authenticate
users or devices before granting them access to a network,
- to authorize those users or devices for certain network
services and - to account for usage of those services.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
Remote Control Unit
A driving motor of the phase shifter in a Remote Electrical

Tilt (RET) antenna.
remote defect indication
A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing

direction when a terminal detects specific defects in the
incoming signal.

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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
Remote Radio Unit
Remote Radio Unit (RRU) is a component of the

distributed base station. It performs the Intermediate
Frequency (IF) processing (digital I/Q modulation/
demodulation, frequency up-/down-conversion, and DA/
AD conversion) of the signals, Radio Frequency (RF)
processing, and duplex.
Resource Element
The smallest unit at the physical layer.
RET antenna
The electrical downtilt can be continuously adjusted using

the mechanically-adjustable phase shifter built in the
antenna.
RF
See Radio Frequency
RFU
Radio frequency unit
RGPS
Remote Global Position System
RLC
See Radio Link Control
RLF
Radio Link Failure
RNC
See Radio Network Controller
RNTI
See Radio Network Temporary Identifier
RNTP
See Relative Narrowband TX Power
RObust Header Compression
Robust Header Compression (ROHC) is a standardized

method to compress the IP, UDP, RTP, and TCP headers
of Internet packets. This compression scheme differs from
other compression schemes such as IETF RFC 1144 and
RFC 2508 by the fact that it performs well over links where
the packet loss rate is high, such as wireless links.
ROHC
See RObust Header Compression
Routing Area Code
A routing Area Code is a fixed length of 1 octet and

identifies a routing area within a location area. The RAC
is part of the Routing Area Identity (RAI).
RPLMN
See Registered PLMN
RR
Round Robin
RRC
See Radio Resource Control
RRM
See radio resource management
RRU
See Remote Radio Unit
RS
See Reference Signal
RSCP
See Received Signal Code Power
RSRP
Reference Signal Received Power
RSRQ
Reference Signal Received Quality

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Glossary
1 Glossary
RSSI
See Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTP
See Real Time Protocol
RTT
Radio Transfers Technology
S-GW
See Serving Gateway
S-P
Serial to Parallel
S1 Application Part
In the LTE E-UTRAN the S1AP is the main control protocol

on the S1 interface, i.e. between the eNB and the MME.
S1 Application Protocol
For details about S1AP, see 3GPP TS 36.413.
S1-MME interface
An interface between the eNodeB and the MME for transfer

of control information.
S1-U Interface
An interface between the eNodeB and the S-GW for transfer

of user data packets.
S1AP
See S1 Application Part
S1AP
See S1 Application Protocol
SA
See Security Association
SAE
See System Architecture Evolution
SAW
See Stop And Wait
SC-FDMA
See Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
SCC
Secondary Component Carrier
SCell
Secondary Cell
SCTP
See Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDH
See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDMA
space division multiple access
SDU
See Service Data Unit
Second Order
A ROHC compressor is in one of 3 main states. In SecondOrder (SO) state, the compressor is suppressing all dynamic
fields such as RTP sequence numbers, and sending only a
logical sequence number and partial checksum to cause the
other side to predictively generate and verify the headers of
the next expected packet. The SO state is the optimum state
of the compressor.
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Secure Hash Algorithm
The Secure Hash Algorithm is one of a number of

cryptographic hash functions published by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology as a U.S. Federal
Information Processing Standard. There are currently three
generations of Secure Hash Algorithm: SHA-1 is the
original 160-bit hash function. Resembling the earlier MD5
algorithm, this was designed by the National Security
Agency (NSA) to be part of the Digital Signature
Algorithm. Originally just called "SHA", it was withdrawn
shortly after publication due to an undisclosed "significant
flaw" and replaced by the slightly revised version SHA-1.
The original withdrawn algorithm is now known by the
retronym SHA-0. SHA-2 is a family of two similar hash
functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256
and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses
32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are
also truncated versions of each standardized, known as
SHA-224 and SHA-384. These were also designed by the
NSA. SHA-3 is a future hash function standard still in
development. This is being chosen in a public review
process from non-government designers. An ongoing NIST
hash function competition is scheduled to end with the
selection of a winning function, which will be given the
name SHA-3, in 2012.
Secure Socket Layer
SSL is a security protocol developed by Netscape

Communications to ensure the security of Internet
communications.
Security Association
A security association (SA) is the establishment of shared

security information between two network entities to
support secure communication. An SA may include
cryptographic keys, initialization vectors or digital
certificates. An SA is a simplex (one-way channel) and
logical connection which endorses and provides a secure
data connection between the network devices. The
fundamental requirement of an SA arrives when the two
entities communicate over more than one channel. Take an
example of mobile subscriber and a base station. The
subscriber may subscribe itself for more than one service.
Therefore each service may have different service
primitives like a data encryption algorithm, public key or
initialization vector. Now to make things easier, all this
security information is grouped logically. This logical
group itself is a Security Association.
Security Gateway
A gateway that provides protection methods such as

firewall, attack detection, flow control, and equipment
operation access control to prevent the equipment in the
IMS domain from being attacked.

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1 Glossary
Security Parameter Index
A numeric identifier in IPsec, used with the destination

address and security protocol to identify a security
association (SA).
Security Policy Database
The SPD specifies what protection measures are to be taken

on IP packets.
SeGW
See Security Gateway
Self-Organizing Network
The main functions of Self-Organizing Network (SON) are

self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing.
Sequence Number
An identifying number used to designate a data block, an

operation, or a part of an operation.
Service Data Unit
Data transferred between adjacent layers in the protocol

stack.
Serving Gateway
Within the EPC the S-GW is responsible tunnelling user

plane traffic between the eNB and the PDN-GW. To do this
its role includes acting as the mobility anchor point for the
User Plane during handovers between eNB as well as data
buffering when traffic arrives for a mobile in the LTE Idle
state. Other functions performed by the S-GW include
routing, Lawful Interception and billing.
serving GPRS support node
A functional entity used for providing packet data services.

It is responsible for forwarding incoming/outgoing Internet
Protocol (IP) packets to mobile stations (MSs) within the
service area of the SGSN. It traces the location of an
individual MS and performs security functions and access
control. In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) networks, the SGSN is connected to the radio
network controller (RNC) over the Iu-PS interface. It
requests policy decision point (PDP) contexts from the
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
SFBC
Space Frequency Block Coding
SFN
See System Frame Number
SFN
See Single Frequency Network
SGSN
See serving GPRS support node
SHA
See Secure Hash Algorithm
Short Message Service
The SMS (Short Messaging Service) that allows a SME

(Short Message Entity) to send short text messages to other
SME.
SI
System Information
SIB
See System Information Block

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Glossary
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1 Glossary
Signal to Noise Ratio
The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the

amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is
expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).
Signaling Radio Bearer
The RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection process will

establish the RB (Radio Bearer) available for usage by RRC
messages on the DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) and
CCCH (Common Control Channel). These Radio Bearers
are identified as a SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer).
SIMO
Single-Input Multiple-Output
Single Carrier Frequency

Division Multiple Access
Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is a frequency-division

multiple access scheme. It is a multi-user version of the
Single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE)
modulation scheme
Single Frequency Network
A broadcast network where several transmitters

simultaneously send the same signal over the same
frequency channel.
Single Radio Voice Call

Continuity
Voice call continuity between IMS over PS access and CS

access for calls that are anchored in IMS when the UE is
capable of transmitting/receiving on only one of those
access networks at a given time.
SINR
Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SLC
Sleeping Cell
Slip frame
In the reception of framed data, a frame slip is the loss of

synchronization between a received frame and the receiver
clock signal, causing a frame misalignment event, and
resulting in the loss of the data contained in the received
frame.
SLP
SUPL Location Platform
SM
Spatial Multiplexing
SMS
See Short Message Service
SN
See Sequence Number
SNR
See Signal to Noise Ratio
SO
See Second Order
SON
See Self-Organizing Network
Space Division Multiplexing
Each distinct signal or message travels over a separate

physical path such as its own wire or wire pair within a
cable.

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1 Glossary
Space Time Coding
A signal coding technology that can be used to obtain

enhanced data transmission rates. It combines the space
transmitted signals and time transmitted signals. In essence,
it is a two-dimension (space dimension and time dimension)
processing method. In a new-generation communication
system, space diversity achieved through multiple transmit
and receive antennas raises the system capacity and
information rate. Meanwhile, different signals are
transmitted in different timeslots by the same antenna, and
therefore receive diversity can be implemented at the
receiver end. In this way, diversity and coding gains are
obtained to achieve high-speed transmission. This
technology is used in 3G communications systems to
increase spectrum utilization.
Spatial multiplexing gain
Spatial multiplexing gain is a throughput gain achieved by

adding spatial channels without increasing the total
bandwidth and total TX power.
SPD
See Security Policy Database
SPI
See Security Parameter Index
SPID
Subscriber Profile ID
SR
Scheduling Request
SRB
See Signaling Radio Bearer
SRS
Sounding Reference Signal
SRVCC
See Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
SSL
See Secure Socket Layer
SSS
Secondary Synchronization Signal
STC
See Space Time Coding
Stop And Wait
A mechanism in which the transmitter processes another

data block only after the previously transmitted data block
is correctly received.
Stream Control
Transmission Protocol
Stream Control Transmission Protocol is a reliable transport

protocol operating on top of IP. It provides acknowledged
error free non duplicated transfer of data with flow control.
STCP also detects data corruption, loss of data and
duplication of data by using checksums and sequence
numbers. A selective retransmission mechanism is applied
to correct loss or corruption of the data.
SU-MIMO
single user multiple-input multiple-output
SUPL
Secure User Plane Location
SVLTE
Simultaneous Voice and LTE

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Glossary
1 Glossary
Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
A method of transmitting digital information where the data

is packed in containers which are synchronized in time
enabling relatively simple multiplexing and demultiplexing
at the transmitting and receiving ends. The technique is used
to carry high capacity information over long distances up to
speeds of 10Gbps.
System Architecture
Evolution
The core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE

wireless communication standard.
System Frame Number
The system frame number is used to uniquely identify a

random access.
System Information Block
The system information elements are broadcast in system

information blocks. A system information block groups
together system information elements of the same nature.
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
TA
See Tracking Area
TAC
See Tracking Area Code
TAI
See Tracking Area Identifier
TAL
See Tracking Area List
Target Cell Identifier
Identifier of a target cell.
TBS
Transport Block Size
TCE
Trace Collection Entity
TCI
See Target Cell Identifier
TCO
Total Cost of Operation
TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol
TD-SCDMA
Time Division Synchronous Code Division

Multiple Access
TDD
See Time Division Duplex
TDMA
See Time Division Multiple Access
TDOA
See Time Difference of Arrival
TEID
See Tunnel Endpoint Identifier
TF
See Transport Format
TFT
Traffic Flow Template

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Glossary
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Third Generation Partnership Project
A collaboration agreement that was formed in

December 1998 bringing together a number
of telecommunication standards bodies.
These standards bodies are referred to as
Organizational Partners. The original aim of
the 3GPP was to produce globally applicable
technical specifications for third generation
mobile systems based on evolved GSM core
networks and the radio access technology
UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access).
This was subsequently amended to include
the maintenance and development of the
GSM standards including GPRS and EDGE
(Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution).
Further network developments attributed to
the 3GPP included evolution of service
management through IMS, increased data
rates in the UTRA via HSUPA/HSDPA and
most recently, a new access and core network
commonly termed LTE.
Time Difference of Arrival
The difference of time that positioning

reference signals from two cells arrive at a
UE. Since radio wave propagate at the speed
of light, the difference of distances between
the UE and two cells is determined by
multiplying TDOA by the speed of light.
Time Division Duplex
In a Time Division Duplex system a common

carrier is shared between the uplink and
downlink, the resource being switched in
time. Users are allocated one or more
timeslots for uplink and downlink
transmission. The main advantage of TDD
operation is that it allows asymmetric flow
which is more suited to data transmission.
Time Division Multiple Access
A communications technique that uses a

common channel (multipoint or broadcast)
for communications among multiple users by
allocating unique time slots to different users.
(188) Note: TDMA is used extensively in
satellite systems, local area networks,
physical security systems, and combat-net
radio systems.
Time Switched Transmit Diversity
Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD) is

a technique utilizing multiple transmit
stations to originate the downlink signal and
improve performance. The transmit station
used is determined by a fixed selection pattern
similar to frequency hopping.

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1 Glossary
TM
See Transparent Mode
TMA
See Tower Mounted Amplifier
TOD
Time of Day
Tower Mounted Amplifier
A Tower Mounted Amplifier or Mast Head

Amplifier is a Low-noise amplifier (LNA)
mounted as close as practical to the antenna
in mobile masts or Base Transceiver Stations.
A TMA reduces the base transceiver station
noise figure (NF) and therefore improve its
overall sensitivity; in other words the mobile
mast is able to receive weaker signals.
TPC
See Transmit Power Control
Tracking Area
The TA is a concept introduced to the LTE/

SAE system for location management of UEs.
A TA is identified by a Tracking Area Identity
(TAI), which consists of the MCC, MNC, and
Tracking Area Code (TAC).
Tracking Area Code
Code of a Tracking Area (TA).
Tracking Area Identifier
Unique identity of a Tracking Area (TA).
Tracking Area List
List of multiple Tracking Areas (TAs).
Transmission Control Protocol
The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the

breakup of data messages into packets to be
sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the
reassembly and verification of the complete
messages from packets received by IP. A
connection-oriented, reliable protocol
(reliable in the sense of ensuring error-free
delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport
layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.
Transmit Power Control
Transmit Power Control is a technical

mechanism used within some networking
devices in order to prevent too much
unwanted interference between different
wireless networks (e.g. the owner's network
and the neighbour's network).
Transparent Mode
The transparent service in Radio Link Control

(RLC). RLC TM functions include but are not
limited to transfer of user data and
segmentation and reassembly.

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Glossary
1 Glossary
Transport Format
A Transport Format is defined as a format

offered by L1 to MAC for the delivery of a
Transport Block Set during a Transmission
Time Interval on a Transport Channel. The
Transport Format constitutes of two parts one dynamic part and one semi-static part.
Triple Data Encryption Standard
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES[1]) is the

common name for the Triple Data Encryption
Algorithm (TDEA) block cipher, which
applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES)
cipher algorithm three times to each data
block. Because the key size of the original
DES cipher was becoming problematically
short, Triple DES was designed to provide a
relatively simple method of increasing the
key size (three 56-bit DES keys) of DES to
protect against brute force attacks, without
designing a completely new block cipher
algorithm.
TSTD
See Time Switched Transmit Diversity
TTI
Transmission Time Interval
Tunnel Endpoint Identifier
The TEID unambiguously identifies a tunnel

endpoint in the receiving GTP-U (GPRS
Tunnelling Protocol - User) or GTP-C (GPRS
Tunnelling Protocol - Control) protocol
entity. The receiving side of a GTP tunnel
locally assigns the TEID value for the
transmitting side to use. The TEID values are
exchanged between tunnel endpoints using
GTP-C messages (or RANAP) in the
UTRAN.
TX
Transmit
UDP
See User Datagram Protocol
UE
See User Equipment
UE security capabilities
A set of identifiers corresponding to the

ciphering and integrity algorithms
implemented in the UE.
UL
See Uplink
UL-SCH
Uplink Shared Channel
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Glossary
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
1 Glossary
UM
See Unacknowledged Mode
UMB
Ultra Mobile Broadband
UMTS
See Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
A standard for 3G mobile communications

services being specified by 3GPP. The radio
access components of UTRA are based on
direct-spread wideband code-division
multiple access (WCDMA) and hybrid timedivision (TDCDMA) access methods that
have been designed for 3G frequency
efficiency, mobility, and QoS requirements.
Unacknowledged Mode
A Layer 2 mode where no retransmission

protocol is used and data delivery is not
guaranteed. Cell broadcast messages and
some RRC messages are transmitted in
unacknowledged mode.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System
A 3G mobile communication system which

supports improved data rates over GSM and
subsequently provides an enhanced range of
multimedia services. UMTS has increased
convergence between telecommunications,
IT (Information technology), media and
content industries to deliver new services and
create fresh revenue generating opportunities.
UMTS delivers low cost, high capacity
mobile communications, offering data rates
as high as 2Mbps (under ideal conditions)
with global roaming and other advanced
capabilities. The specifications defining
UMTS are formulated by the 3GPP.
Universal Serial Bus
A serial bus standard to interface devices. It

was designed for computers such as PCs and
the Apple Macintosh, but its popularity has
prompted it to also become commonplace on
video game consoles and PDAs.
Universal Subscriber Identity Module
Usually referred to as a SIM card, the USIM

(UMTS Subscriber Identity Module) is the
user subscription to the UMTS mobile
network. The USIM contains relevant
information that enables access onto the
subscribed operator's network.
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

Network
UTRAN is a conceptual term identifying that

part of the network which consists of RNCs
and Node Bs between Iu and Uu interfaces.

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1 Glossary
Universal Time Coordinated
The world-wide scientific standard of

timekeeping. It is based upon carefully
maintained atomic clocks and is kept accurate
to within microseconds worldwide.
Universal Transmission Processing unit
LTE extension transmission board, which

provides E1 ports.
Uplink
An "uplink" is a unidirectional radio link for

the transmission of signals from a MS to a
base station, from a Mobile Station to a
mobile base station or from a mobile base
station to a base station.
UpPTS
Uplink Pilot Time Slot
USB
See Universal Serial Bus
User Datagram Protocol
A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an

application program on one device to send a
datagram to an application program on
another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses
IP to deliver datagrams. UDP provides
application programs with the unreliable
connectionless packet delivery service. Thus,
UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,
delayed, or delivered out of order. UDP is
used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,
the destination device does not actively
confirm whether the correct data packet is
received.
User Equipment
A device allowing a user access to network

services.
User plane
A set of traffic forwarding components that

the traffic flow passes through. The OAM CV
or FFD packet is periodically inserted to this
traffic flow to monitor the working status of
the forwarding components. In the IETF
drafts, the user plane is called data plane.
USIM
See Universal Subscriber Identity Module
UTC
See Universal Time Coordinated
UTRA
See UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
UTRAN
See Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

Network
UTRP
See Universal Transmission Processing unit

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Glossary
1 Glossary
V
VDSL
See Very-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber

Line
Very-high-data-rate Digital Subscriber

Line
An xDSL technology that provides data

transmission up to a theoretical limit of 52
Mbit/s in the downstream direction and 12
Mbit/s in the upstream direction over a single
twisted pair.
Virtual Local Area Network
A logical grouping of two or more nodes

which are not necessarily on the same
physical network segment but which share the
same IP network number. This is often
associated with switched Ethernet.
VLAN
See Virtual Local Area Network
VMIMO
Virtual MIMO
Voice over IP
An IP telephony term for a set of facilities

used to manage the delivery of voice
information over the Internet. VoIP involves
sending voice information in a digital form in
discrete packets rather than by using the
traditional circuit-committed protocols of the
public switched telephone network (PSTN).
VoIP
See Voice over IP
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
The ratio of the maximum/minimum values

of standing wave pattern along a transmission
line to which a load is connected. VSWR
value ranges from 1 (matched load) to infinity
for a short or an open load. For most base
station antennas the maximum acceptable.
VRB
Virtual Resource Block
VSWR
See Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WCDMA
See Wideband Code Division Multiple

Access
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Glossary
1 Glossary
Weighted Round Robin
A scheduling discipline, in which the weight

of a queue represents the number of served
packets in a complete round; different weights
are assigned to different queues; one packet is
transmitted in each scheduling. Therefore,
each queue uses bandwidth resources
proportional to the number of the packets in
the queue.
white noise
The noise of which the spectrum density is

even in the frequency domain or the space
domain.
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
A standard defined by the ITU-T for the thirdgeneration wireless technology derived from
the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
technology.
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

Access
Wireless Local Area Network
A generic term covering a multitude of

technologies providing local area networking
via a radio link. Examples of WLAN
technologies include WiFi (Wireless
Fidelity), 802.11b and 802.11a, HiperLAN,
Bluetooth, etc.
wiring terminal
A point to which a wire can be connected.
WLAN
See Wireless Local Area Network
WNP
Warning Notification Provider
WRR
See Weighted Round Robin
x Digital Subscriber Line
A family of bandwidth-efficient modulation

techniques, developed to achieve extremely
high data transfer rates over twisted- pair
cables. While the letter "X" represents a
variable, DSL stands for "Digital Subscriber
Line". XDSL techniques may offer several
benefits such as, capability to offer highspeed data services to customers, low cost by
using existing infrastructure and switching
congestion relief caused by existing data
users.
xDSL
See x Digital Subscriber Line
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Glossary
1 Glossary
XMAC-I
Expected MAC-I
Z
ZC
Issue 01 (2013-10-30)
Zadoff-Chu sequence

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Circuit Switched Fallback Interworking

See Triple Data Encryption Standard

See Third Generation Partnership Project

See Authentication, Authorization and

Adaptive Antenna System

Almost Blank Subframe

Access Control List

An Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP

An access stratum is a communication

The acknowledged services in Radio Link

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

See Access Control List

Average Cell Stay Interval

Active Queue Management

AQM is used for routers on the internet. It

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Link adaptation (AMC: adaptive modulation

See Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Advanced Encryption Standard

Originally, the Advanced Encryption

Advanced Power Module

The Advanced Power Module (APM) is a

See Advanced Encryption Standard

Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

A QoS parameter defined by 3GPP. AMBR

See Authentication Header

Access Description Data

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

See alarm indication signal

Antenna Interface Standards Group

See Authentication and Key Agreement

alarm indication signal

A code sent downstream in a digital network

Antenna Line Device

Allocation and Retention Priority

Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP): the

See Acknowledged Mode

See Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

See Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Adaptive MIMO Switching

Automatic Neighbor Relation

An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer that

An antenna port corresponds to a pilot format,

Average Packet Arrival Interval

See Advanced Power Module

Access Point Name

See Active Queue Management

See Allocation and Retention Priority

See Average Revenue Per User

See Automatic Repeat Request

Array gain is a power gain achieved by

See Access Stratum

Cryptography in which a pair of keys is used

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A technology for transmitting digital

See Authentication Center