bination medications: Some manufacturers have combined more than one drug into a single tablet or capsule.

Combinations within a single class are listed below. Combinations of more than one type of medication are discussed
in Fact Sheet 470.
1. REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NUKES)
The first anti-HIV drugs. They block reverse transcription (the creation of viral DNA from RNA) by providing
"decoy" building blocks that interrupt the process. Most are nucleoside analogs; tenofovir is a nucleotide analog.

Year*
1987

Generic Name
Zidovudine

Trade Name
Also known as:
Retrovir
AZT, ZDV

1991

Didanosine

Videx

1992

Zalcitabine

1994

Stavudine

Hivid, ddC,
Manufacture
dideoxycytidine discontinued in 2006
by Roche
Zerit
d4T

1995

Lamivudine

Epivir

1997

Zidovudine/Lamivudine

Combivir

1998

Abacavir

Ziagen

2000

Zidovudine/Lamivudine/abacavir

Trizivir

2001

Tenofovir

Viread

2003
2004

Emtricitabine
Abacavir/lamivudine

Emtriva
Epzicom

2004

Tenofovir/emtricitabine

Truvada

ddI

Manufacturer
ViiV Healthcare &
generic
Bristol-Myers Squibb
& generic

Bristol-Myers Squibb
& generic
3TC
ViiV Healthcare &
generic
Combines AZT and
ViiV Healthcare &
3TC
generic
ABC
ViiV Healthcare &
generic
Combines AZT, 3TC, ViiV Healthcare
Abacavir
TDF
Gilead Sciences &
generic
FTC
Gilead Sciences
Combines Ziagen and ViiV Healthcare &
3TC (Epivir)
generic
Combines Viread and Gilead Sciences &
Emtriva
generic

2. NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIs or NON-NUKES)

These also interrupt reverse transcription, by binding to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and restricting its
activity.

Year*
1996

Generic Name
Nevirapine

Trade Name
Also known as:
Viramune
NVP

1997
1998

Delavirdine
Efavirenz

Rescriptor
DLV
Sustiva, Stocrin EFV

2008
2011

Etravirine
Rilpivirine

Intelence
Edurant

3. PROTEASE INHIBITORS

ETR
RPV

Manufacturer
Boehringer Ingelheim
& generic
ViiV Healthcare
Bristol-Myers Squibb
& generic
Tibotec
Tibotec

Block the action of protease, an enzyme that cuts HIV protein chains into specific proteins needed to assemble a
new copy of the virus. NOTE: when you see /r after the name of a protease inhibitor, that means it is boosted with a
small dose of ritonavir. For example, SQV/r means saquinavir boosted with ritonavir. At present, only lopinavir and
ritonavir are available in a single pill.

Year*

1995
1996
1996
1997

Generic
Name
Saquinavir
Ritonavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir

Trade Name

Also
Know
n As:
SQV
RTV
IDV
NFV

Invirase
Norvir
Crixivan
Viracept

1997 Saquinavir
1999 Amprenavir

Fortovase by Roche, manufacture discontinued in 2006

Agenerase Manufacture discontinued in 2007

2000 Lopinavir

Kaletra, Aluvia

LPV

2003 Atazanavir

Reyataz

ATV

2003 Fosamprenavi Lexiva, Telzir

r
2005 Tipranavir
Aptivus

FPV

2006 Darunavir

DRV

TPV

Prezista

Manufacturer

Roche
Abbott
Merck
ViiV
Healthcare
ViiV
Healthcare
Abbott&
generic
Bristol-Myers
Squibb
ViiV
Healthcare
Boehringer
Ingelheim
Tibotec

4. INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
Integrase inhibitors: Block the action of integrase, an enzyme that inserts the viral DNA into the infected cells
DNA strands.

Year*
2007
2012
2013

Generic Name
Trade Name
Also known as:
Raltegravir
Isentress
RGV
Elvitegravir
None yet, part of EVG
Stribild
Dolutegravir
Tivicay
DTG

Manufacturer
Merck
Gilead
ViiV Healthcare

5. ATTACHMENT AND FUSION INHIBITORS

Attachment and Fusion Inhibitors: Block the action of integrase, an enzyme that inserts the viral DNA into the
infected cells DNA strands.

Year
2003

Generic Name
Enfuvirtide

Trade Name
Fuzeon

Also known as:

2007

Maraviroc

Selzentry, Celsentri MVC

T-20

Manufacturer
Trimeris and
Roche
ViiV Healthcare

*Year of approval in the USA. Many generic versions have been approved under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS
Relief (PEPFAR). Seehttp://www.fda.gov/oia/pepfar.htm for more information.
Back to Fact Sheet Categories