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Input Impedance

Jesi V. Delos Santos


Tobi Roque B. Santamaria

What is Input Impedance


or Z(input)
Impedance presented to the transmitter to
the transmission line and its load antenna
Or simply the line impedance seen at the
beginning of the transmission line

What is Input Impedance


The input impedance of any length of a
uniform transmission line terminated in its
characteristic impedance (non reflectively)
is equal to the characteristic impedance of
the line.

Recall
What is a Matched Line? r = 0
A transmission line whose characteristic
impedance is the same as its terminations.
In this manner, there is complete
absorption of the incident power, and there
are no wave reflections back to the
source.
Also called matched transmission line, or
matching line.

Recall
What is a Mismatched Line?
Simply not a Matched Line

Its impedances are not equal


There is a reflection
If open( r = 1) if shorted( r = -1)

Input Impedance Formula


Lossy

Z L Z 0 tanh
Zin Z 0
Z 0 Z L tanh
Lossless
Lossless case (=0, =j, tanh(l) = jtanl)

Z L jZ 0 tan
Zin Z 0
Z 0 jZ L tan

Recall:
tanh(jA) = jtanA

Short-Circuit/Open-Circuit
Short Circuit Line

Open Circuited Line

Short-Circuit/Open-Circuit

For a line of known length l, measurements of its input impedance,


one when terminated in a short circuit and another when terminated
in an open circuit, can be used to find its characteristic impedance
Z0 and electrical length

Special Line Cases


Recall for LosslessZ jZ tan
L
0

Zin Z 0

Z 0 jZ L tan

Half-wave section in a lossless case


(l=/2, l=):

Zin Z L

Quarter-wave section in a lossless case


(l=/4, l=/2):
2

Z0
Zin
ZL

Problems(lots of problems)
1. A 50- lossless transmission line is
terminated with a load impedance of
25+75. What is the input impedance at a
distance of 5 from the load?

Ans: 25 + j75

Problems(lots of problems)
2. Find the input impedance in ohms for a
50 lossless transmission line, 3.5 long, if
the load is 20 +j75.
Ans: 20 + j75

Problems(lots of problems)
3. A radio transmission line of 300
impedance is to be connected to an antenna
having an input impedance of 150 . What
is the impedance of a quarter-wave
matching line?
Ans: 212

Problems(lots of problems)
4. A section of low-loss transmission line is
0.40 wavelengths long and is terminated in a
short circuit. Its characteristic impedance is
73 + j0 . The frequency of operation is 200
Mhz. Determine the input reactance of the
line section, and the value of inductance or
capacitance to which it is equivalent.
Ans: ZinSC = -j53.4, C = 14.9pF

Problems(lots of problems)
5. A 6-m section 150- lossless
transmission line is terminated in a load ZL =
(150 j50) , determine its input impedance
if = 0.4/m.
Ans: 115.70 + j27.42

Problems(lots of problems)
6. A 50- lossless line is terminated in a
load impedance ZL = (30 j20) . Find the
input impedance if it is .33 long.
Ans: 102 + j2.54

Problems(lots of problems)
7. A 75- resistive load is preceded by a /4
section of a 50- lossless line, which itself is
preceded by another /4 section of a 100-
line. What is the input impedance?
Ans: 300

Problems(lots of problems)
8. A lossless transmission line of electrical
length l = 0.35 is terminated in a load
impedance as shown in Fig. Find Zin.

Ans: 64.8 + j38.3

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