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ALVARO ORJUELA
0.4
0.29
0.23
R/Cp
Tout Pout
Tin Pin
P Q
in in
bhp =
Pout
Pin
hp
M &S
0.82 2.11 + F 1
Installed annualized cost =
(
( 517.5 )( bhp )
C )
280
3
1kW $ 8150
Oper. Cost = bhp
1.341hp kWh yr
Reactor design
Heat load
Single reaction (reactor heat load)=(
load)=(HR) x (fresh feed rate)
For multiple reactions calculate with respect to extent of each
reaction
Adiabatic reactors are less expensive. Adiabatic
temperature? Temperature constrains?
When adiabatic operation is not feasible, direct heating or
cooling is required.
Maximum area that fits inside a shellshell-tube floatingfloating-head heat
2
exchanger is in the range 60006000-8000 ft
To use a heat exchanger as reactor in gas phase systems
(U=20 BTU/h ft2 F, TMLDT=50 F), heat loads are limited to
the range 6 - 8x106 BTU/h.
Reactor design
Heat carriers
Adiabatic temperature depends on flows through the reactor
We can moderate temperature by increasing flow
If we want to moderate temperature we can use recycle of
reactant or product/byproduct/by-product
When not possible we can use extraneous component but
this will affect separation system. Avoid as possible
Equilibrium conversion
We can use reactor outlet concentrations and KEQ to
evaluate flow of reversible byby-product that is recycled
XEQ depends on T, P, MR
Simultaneous reactionreaction-separation
Reversible exothermic reactions in adiabatic beds with interintercooling. Diluents addition
Reactor Design
Reactor Design
Some guidelines
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
S=
H2
CH4
x=
H2
S = 1
0.0036
(1 x )1.544
x < 0.97
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
Component Tb ( C)
CP (BTU/lb mol
Destination
F)
7
Recycle & purge - gas
H2
-253
CH4
-161
10.1
Benzene
80
39
Primary Product
Toluene
111
48.7
Recycle - Liquid
Biphenyl
253
77.1
Fuel
HR = -21530 BTU/lbmol
BTU/lbmol at reactor conditions
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
FH
PG
PB
REACTOR
SEPARATION
PD
FFT
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
RG
FH
PG
MR=5
FT,R
PB
REACTOR
FT,R(1-x)
SEPARATION
PD
FFT
FFT + FT , R (1 x ) = FT , R
FT,R(1-x)
FFT = FT , R FT , R (1 x )
FFT = xFT , R
F
FT , R = FT
x
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
Other reactant flow - Hydrogen
F
FT , R = FT
x
F
FH 2, R = MR FT , R = MR FT
x
FFT
MR
= yH 2, G FG + y H 2, P RG
x
F
MR FT y H 2, G FG
x
RG =
yH 2, P
RG =
PB
Sxy H 2, P
MR
y H 2, P
x
y H 2, G yH 2, P
Practice
HydroHydro-dede-alkylation of Toluene HDA Process
RG
FH
PG
FH2,R=5FT,R
FCH4,R=FH(0.05)+RG(yCH4, P)
FT,R
PB
REACTOR
SEPARATION
FT,R(1-x)
PD
FFT
FT,R(1-x)
H R FFT
( Fi0Cpi )
Practice
Adiabatic temperature of reactor
1450
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1400
Tadib. F
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Conversion
0.8
Practice
$/y
Millones
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.77
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Conversion
0.8