Miss$Estes$2014,2015$

Chapter(28:(Plant(Structure(&(Growth(((

(
1. Describe$the$structure$and$function$of$these$three$basic$plant$organs:$
(a) Roots$

multicellular organism that anchors a vascular plant in the soil,

absorbs minerals and water, and stores carbohydrates

$
$

Fibrous$Roots$

Taproots$

thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem.

$
$
one main vertical root, develops from the embryonic root. gives rise to lateral roots (branch roots)

$
$
(b) Stems$
$

Terminal$bud$

Axillary$bud$$

Nodes$&$internodes$$

$
$

$
$

$
$
(c) Leaves$
$

Blade$

Petiole$

$
$
$

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$
$
2. Describe$the$3$types$of$plant$tissues:$

(a) Dermal$
$

outer protective layer covering, protects plant from water loss and disease, also
insects by secreting sticky fluids and toxic compounds when they are near by

$
$
(b) Vascular$

carries out long distance transport between the roots and shoot systems

Xylem$
move water and support the system

$
$

Phloem$$

transporting the sugars and molecules created by the plant

$
$
(c) Ground$
$

pith - internal to vascular tissue, cortex - external to vascular tissue.

storage, photosynthesis, and support
I
specialized functions

$
$
$
$
$
$
3. Plants$have$5$major$types$of$cells.$Below$you$will$find$a$picture$of$each$cell$type.$Give$the$major$

function$of$each$cell$type.$Specific$questions$may$follow$your$general$description$of$the$cell$type.$$

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$

perform most of the metabolic functions of the plant, synthesizing and

storing various organic molecules

help support the young parts of the plant shoot

same function as collenchymea cells, except they are more rigid, and when mature they
cannot elongate along with how the proccesses occur in regions where they stopped
growing in length

water moves cell to cell here

picture :

$
sugar transport and organic nutrients transporter.
transported via gilled sieve cells

$
4. At$the$end$of$this$first$extensive$concept,$do$not$lose$sight$of$the$big$picture.$Complete$the$following$

summary$charts.$$

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$

roots

stems

dermal

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

leaves

vascular

Sclerynchyma

ground

Xylem

Phloem

$
5. What$are$meristems?$$

$
$
perpetually embryonic tissues that allow intermediate growth
$
$
$
$
$
6. Describe$the$location$and$function$of:$
(a) Apical$meristems$
$ at the tips of roots and shoots, provide additional cells that enable the plant to grow in length and go through primary growth
located
$
(b) Lateral$meristems$
$

secondary growth, growth in thickness, primary growth in height

$
$
7. Contrast$annuals,$biennials,$and$perennials.$$
$
$
$
Annuals - germination to flowering seeds to production to death. wildflowers
$
Biennials - flowering and fruiting in their second year. raddishes and carrots
$
Perennials - trees, shrubs, and some grasses. live very long time.
$
$
$
8. Draw$and$label$the$primary$growth$of$a$root.$Label$the$three$zones$of$cells$and$what$occurs$at$each$
zone.$
$
$

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$
$
$
$
$
$
$
9. Describe$leaf$anatomy.$$
$
$
$
$
$

10. Compare$and$contrast$primary$and$secondary$growth$$

$
$
$
$
$
$

11. Describe$the$roles$of$the$following$in$secondary$growth:$$

a. Vascular$cambium$
$
$
$
b. Cork$cambium$
$
$
$
$

c. Bark$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$
$
12. Beginning$at$the$center$of$a$tree$trunk,$list$the$layers$as$you$proceed$outward$to$the$bark,$using$these$
labels:$cork$cambium,$cork,$periderm,$bark,$growth$ring,$secondary$xylem,$secondary$phloem,$and$
vascular$cambium$$

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$

$
$
Label$the$parts$in$the$following$diagram$of$a$flowering$plant$using$the$photo$in$your$book.$$

$
(

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

cuticle
cuticle
cuticle

vein

guard cells

Miss$Estes$2014,2015$
$
$
$
$
$