Dr. T. A.

ENAB

Mansoura University
Faculty of Engineering
Prod. & Mech. Design Eng. Dept.

Production and Materials Engineering

(PRE4122)

Working sheet and assignment No. (3)

Structure of Crystalline Solids
First Year Mech. Eng.

Section No.

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Student name : -------------------

Student ID

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Due date

Date

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Instructor : Dr. Tawakol Ahmed ENAB

Q1- a)

What is the difference between atomic structure, crystal structure and crystal

system?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q1- b)

Define the following terms :

Crystalline material : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Polycrystalline material : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Amorphous material : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit cell : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Packing factor : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Coordination number : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 1:

Q2- a) Show for the body-centered cubic crystal structure that the unit cell edge length
a and the atomic radius R are related through a = 4R/3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2- b)

Drive the number of atoms per unit cell for BCC, FCC and HCP crystal

structures?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 2:

Calculate the packing factor for BCC and FCC crystal structures?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2- d)

Compare the SCC, BCC, FCC and HCP unit cells?

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q2- c)

Q3- a)

Calculate the atomic radius in cm for the following :

i. BCC metal with a = 0.3294 nm and one atom per lattice point
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii. FCC metal with a = 4.0862 and one atom per lattice point.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3- b)

Calculate the radius of an iridium atom given that Ir has an FCC crystal

structure, a density of 22.4 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 192.2 g/mol.

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 3:

Calculate the radius of a vanadium atom, given that V has a BCC crystal

structure, a density of 5.96 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 50.9 g/mol.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3- d)

A metal having a cubic structure has a density of 2.6 g/cm3, an atomic weight

of 87.62 g/mol, and a lattice parameter of 6.0849 . One atom is associated with
each lattice point. Examine whether the metal has a BCC or FCC crystal structure.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q3- c)

Q4- a)

Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124 nm, and an atomic

weight of 55.85 g/mol. Compute and compare its density with the experimental
value.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4- b)

Some hypothetical metal has the simple cubic crystal structure. If its atomic

weight is 70.4 g/mol and the atomic radius is 0.126 nm, compute its density.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 4:

Zirconium has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 6.51 g/cm3. (Note :

the atomic mass of AZr =91.22 g/mol).

i. What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters?
ii. If the c/a ratio is 1.593, compute the values of c and a?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4- d)

Rhodium has an atomic radius of 0.1345 nm (1.345 A) and a density of

12.41 g/cm3. Determine whether it has an FCC or BCC crystal structure (Note : the
atomic mass of ARh =102.91 g/mol).
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q4- c)

Q5- a)

For a ceramic compound, what are the two characteristics of the component

ions that determine the crystal structure?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q5- b)

What are the types of ceramic crystal structures?

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 5:

Q6- a)

On the basis of ionic radii, what crystal structure would you predict for FeO

where the ionic radius of Fe2+ and O2- are 0.077 nm and 0.140 nm respectively?
Then calculate the density of FeO, given that the atomic weight for Fe2+ is 55.85
g/mol and for O2- is 16 g/mol.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 6:

On the basis of crystal structure, compute the theoretical density for sodium

chloride. Noting that the atomic weight and ionic radius for Na+ are 22.99 g/mol
and 0.102 nm and for Cl- are 35.45 g/mol and 0.181 nm. How does this compare
with its measured density of 2.16 g/cm3?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q6- b)

Q7- a)

Here are unit cells for two hypothetical metals :

i. What are the indices for the directions indicated by the two vectors in
sketch (a)?
ii. What are the indices for the two planes drawn in sketch (b)?

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 7:

Determine the indices for the directions and planes shown in the following

cubic unit cells.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q7- b)

Sketch the following planes and directions within a cubic unit cell.
a) [101]

b) [0 1 0]

c) [122]

d) [301]

e) [ 201]

f) [2 1 3]

g) (0 1 1 )

h) (102)

i) (002)

j) (1 3 0)

k) ( 212)

l) (3 1 2)

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 8: