EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document covers the industrial activities specified in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 of Annex 1 of
Directive 96/61/EC, namely: 3.3 Installations for the manufacture of glass including glass
fibre with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day. 3.4 Installations for melting
mineral substances including the production of mineral fibres with a melting capacity
exceeding 20 tonnes per day.
For the purposes of this document the industrial activities falling within these descriptions in
theDirective are referred to as the glass industry, which is considered to be comprised of eight
sectors. These sectors are based on the products manufactured, but inevitably there is some
overlap between them. The eight sectors are: container glass; flat glass; continuous filament
glass fibre; domestic glass; special glass (including water glass); mineral wool (with two
subsectors,glass wool and stone wool.); ceramic fibre; and frits.
The document is made up of seven chapters and a number of annexes containing
supplementary information.
The seven chapters and four annexes are:
1. General Information
2. Applied Processes and Techniques
3. Present Consumption and Emission Levels
4. Techniques to Consider in the Determination of BAT
5. BAT Conclusions
6. Emerging Techniques
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
8. Annex 1 Example installation emission data
9. Annex 2 Example sulphur balances
10. Annex 3 Monitoring
11. Annex 4 Member State Legislation

INTRODUCTION

Veeral eSafety, a trusted name in the glass processing sector, has carved a niche for itself in
the Glass segment with its valuable 15 years of experience. We are pioneers in Pune region
for processed glass. The company evolved from a trading company to a glass processing
house and foresaw the need and use of architectural glass in the future. With such foresight,
we have made sure that quality has not been lost during the entire journey and it still stands as
one of our strong points. We have ensured quality in our products with cutting edge
technology from Finland, US and UK. We have geared up by acquiring the best glass
processing equipments from brands like TAMGLASS, BARETTA, BASSRA MACHINE
TOOLS and others so that, quality that meets international norms and thus quality remains
the fore runner in our priority list. Glass processing technology requires precision and acute
monitoring which Veeral eSafety understands and employs in the company. Veeral eSafety
has attained a position in India in the Glass processing Sector.

ISO 9001:2008 Certified

Two Star rated by SGC

2012 SGC Customer Delight

Award

Member of Federation of
Safety Glass

At Veeral eSafety, we are committed to all the needs of our Customer accounts. We strive to
be the leader in innovation and technology.
That means personal attention to individual needs not just in emergencies, but for new
Technology, Processing and comprehensive remodelling as well. Veeral glass is synonymous
with value for money and it is where you get what you truly deserve.
Veeral Glass believes that quality has a symbiotic relationship with the resources of the
company, be it human resources or resources in terms of technology and equipment. They
thus, believe in acquiring the best for their clients, be it in terms of the skill sets of their
recruits or the processes and equipments used in achieving world class quality.

Veeral Glass has facilities like that of tempered glass and insulated glasses. They understand
the customer and his needs and thus are equipped to process best-coated glasses from
Pilkington, Saint Gobain, Glaverbel etc to suit the requirements and needs of the customers.

LOGO OF THE COMPANY

INDUSTRY PROFILE
Established in the year 2006, at Pune (Maharashtra, India), we, Veeral
eSafety Glass Pvt. Ltd. is a well-known manufacturer and supplier of an
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exclusive range of architectural glasses. Our offered range includes Patterned & Feature
Glass, Mirror Glass, Low-emissivity Coated, Reflective Coated Glass, Tinted Float
Glass, Clear Float Glass, Laminated glass, insulated glass units, Toughened glass, etc.
Our company is recognized as a reputed name in the market making high quality architectural
glasses which are precisely manufactured using superior quality raw material and
sophisticated machines under the guidance of skilled professionals. These products are highly
appreciated among clients for their special features like elegant design, attractive look, longer
service life, and reliability. Further, we offer these glasses in various sizes and specifications
as per the specific needs of our valuable clients.
Our huge infrastructure facility supports us well which is well-equipped with the advance
manufacturing technology and machines. Furthermore, our well-established infrastructure
facility enables our skilled team of professionals in manufacturing our complete assortment
of glasses in bulk within a stipulated time frame. Further, in order to function smoothly we
have segregated our infrastructure facility into various departments such as production,
quality testing, research & development, warehousing & packaging, sales and marketing, etc.
These departments are perfectly operated by our experienced professionals who hold rich
industrial experience. We have recruited a highly skilled and experienced team of
professionals who works round the clock in order to fulfil the variegated requirements of our
clients. Moreover, our professionals work in close coordination in order to understand the
specific requirements of clients. Furthermore, our modern warehouse helps us in keeping safe
the finished products.
Our skilled professionals extensively assist us in offering the optimum quality glasses to our
precious clients. In addition to this, the entire range of glasses is strictly tested on welldefined parameters of quality in order to offer the finest quality products to our clients. The
raw material which we utilize in the fabrication process is procured only from the certified
vendors of the industry. We send the raw material to our manufacturing unit only if it is
passed by our quality controllers. Further, our rich industry experience assists us in meeting
all the various requirements of our precious clients. Further, our ethical business practices and
quality conscious approach have made us the prime choice of our clients. We also offer our
clients customized products according to their precise requirements.

COMPANY PROFILE

VESGPL was incorporated on 13th December 2004 to process raw glass into tempered and
insulated glass. The company is managed by Mr. Bharat Nagori,
Mr. Manik Kodre and Mr. Vineet Dangi. Mr. Bharat Nagori has 22 years of experience in
trading of glass products and hence has established relationship with customers and suppliers.
VESGPL commenced operations in 2006 and the company plans to expand the existing
capacity of tempered and insulated glass along with the launch of new product i.e. laminated
glass. VESGPL has a manufacturing facility at Yewat in Pune.

PRODUCT RANGE

We offer a very broad-spectrum o f glass products that cater to the needs of varying industries and especially

Our product lines include the following varieties of Architectural Glass i.e. Patterned & Feature Glass, Low-e

MANUFACTURING FACILITY

We have a state of the art manufacturing facility located strategically and are able to source
the best quality raw materials to ensure we manufacture glass products that cater to the
international quality standards. Our expansive facility houses some of the most sophisticated
glass manufacturing facilities in the world. We incorporate international manufacturing
processing standards and have a very scientific and systematic procedure.

Our most sophisticated equipment include the state of the art:

Glass Bending Furnaces

cutting machines

Glass polishing machine

Special purpose machines

OUR QUALITY ASSURANCE

Since the establishment of our company, we have been focusing on quality in the offered range of glasses, as

CLIENT SATISFACTION

Our company believes in building healthy relationship with our precious clients, hence we deliver the suprem

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WHY US?
We have recruited a well experienced and diligent team of professionals that assists us in
offering premium quality products to our clients. The offered glasses are fabricated using the
top-notch quality raw material and sophisticated technology in compliance with the set
industry standards. Our superior performing products ensure we are the market leaders. Our
other attributes include

Greater professional transparency

Premium quality at very competitive pricing

Skilled technical team

State of the art manufacturing facility

Excellent distribution network

Time bound delivery of products

11

GLASS MAKING PROCESS

12

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GATHERING RAW MATERIALS

A range of raw materials is needed for the glass making process and one of the main
ingredients is silica sand. Consol Glass' Industrial Minerals division owns a deposit of pure
silica sand on the Cape Flats.
The sand is dredged and pumped to a processing plant where it is beneficiated to ensure that
it meets the correct size and chemical specifications for glass manufacture. Other raw
materials are purchased from various suppliers.

BATCHING

Commercial container glass is made by melting silica sand, soda ash and limestone. Various
secondary ingredients are added to control colour, provide ultra-violet protection and enhance
the working properties of the molten glass.

14

Raw materials need to meet stringent

specifications. Recycled glass (or cullet) is an important raw material in the production of
glass containers, in some cases, as much as 50 per cent of ecology cullet is included in the
batch. Consol's batch houses are amongst the most modern in the world, featuring the latest
computerised control technology.
Raw materials are stored in silos from which they are automatically weighed out from
computerised control rooms and transported to batch mixers according to pre-programmed
recipes. The mixed material (or batch) is then transported to the holding bin at the furnace.
Consol is leading a major glass recycling initiative, including government. (At all levels, and
the various stakeholders.)

FORMING

The molten glass enters the feeder to the bottle-making machine where the streams of glass
are cut into pieces of a pre-determined weight required to make a single bottle. The gobs of
molten glass are then individually fed into the moulds of the bottle-making machine.

The bottle is formed in two stages. Firstly, the gob of glass falls into a blank
mould to produce a parison. Here the finish (neck) of the bottle is formed and a
15

long narrow cavity is blown within the center of the parison. All blowing is done by means of
compressed air.

The parison is transferred to the main mould where the bottle is given its final shape. Air is
forced under pressure into the hollow cavity to expand the glass to its final shape inside the
mould.

The newly formed bottle is coated with a thin layer of tin oxide to strengthen it before
entering the annealing lehr.In the lehr, the bottle is cooled from 600C to 100C in a
controlled manner to remove the stresses caused by uneven cooling and to ensure the bottle is
stable and safe to handle.

DECORATION

Consol has sophisticated equipment and printing technology of an international standard. To

label bottles according to customers' requirements.

16

The process of applying an ACL (applied ceramic label) begins by painting the bottles Strutz
machine and then firing and slowly cooling them in a lehr. Consol's spacious decorating
facility has been designed for optimum work flow and productivity.

DESIGN PROCESS
Custom-design
Glass containers can be custom-designed to meet the needs and
requirements of the customer. In approaching design, the product and
usage are taken into account as well as the proposed marketing strategy
of the customer.

Standard design
In addition to custom-designed specifications, designs may be selected
from awide range of standard glass containers. Some of the most
prestigious products on retail shelves are packed in off-the-shelf glass
containers and brand identity is created through labels, graphics and
special closures.

MELTING
From the holding bin, the batch is continuously fed to the furnace where it is converted to
molten glass and maintained at temperatures in excess of 1500C.

17

Molten glass is continuously withdrawn through a

submerged throat where it proceeds to the refiner area of the furnace and cooled to
approximately 1200C, before being delivered to the individual bottle-making machines via
the forehearths. The furnaces are fully computerised and critical parameters are controlled to
very close tolerances.
Consol's furnaces are designed to be the most modern in the world with a productive life span
of more than 10 years whilst, at the same time, allowing finer temperature control resulting in
improved productivity and quality.

INSPECTION

All bottles undergo various tests and inspections:

A 'stress simulator' applies outside pressure to break any structurally weak bottles.
The FP-machine, a multi-station inspection system, checks each individual bottle to ensure:
minimum glass thickness of the side wall; integrity of the sealing surface; detection of cracks
in the finish, neck and bottom areas and gauging of the neck opening to ensure a minimum
dimension for filter tube insertion.

PALLETISING

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After individual coding with production data, containers are conveyed to the load building
area for bulk palletising and shrink wrapping before dispatch and delivery to the customer.
Automatic pallet shuttle cars move the wrapped containers to their dispatch destinations.

TYPES OF PRODUCTS

1) Architectural Glass
2) Clear Float Glass

3) Insulated glass
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4) Patterned & Feature Glass

5) Ceramic Spandrel Glass

6) Toughened glass

7) Laminated glass

8) Tinted Float Glass

9) Reflective Coated Glass

10) Low Emissivity Coated Glass

11) Mirror Glass

ARCHITECTURAL GLASS
We are a prominent manufacturer and supplier of a wide range of architectural glasses such
as Patterned & Feature Glass, Mirror Glass, Low-emissivity Coated, Reflective Coated
Glass, etc. These products are precisely designed using cutting-edge technology and high
quality raw material. Our professionals manufacture these products in complete compliance
with the international quality standards. Clients can avail the offered range of architectural
glasses from us in various specifications at very reasonable rate.

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Innovative Architectural Glass for Ferrari Store and Gallery

Architecture Design of EVANSHOUSE

CLEAR FLOAT

The float glass process is the most common method of flat glass production in the world. This
process involves pouring recycled glass, silica sand, lime, potash and soda from a furnace
onto a large bed of molten tin. This mixture slowly solidifies over the molten tin as it enters
the annealing oven where it travels along rollers under a controlled cooling process. From
this point the glass emerges in one continuous long ribbon where it is then cut and
further processed to customer specification Clear float glass is transparent and

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proffers a high visible light transmittance. Veeral Glass offers a complete range of clear float
glass products from 2mm to 25mm thick. Clear Float is available both as cut-to-size and bulk
form. Laminated and toughened forms are the two varieties to choose from.
Clear float glass Damin Glass

We are the prominent manufacturer and supplier of a broad gamut of Clear Float Glass. This
glass is manufactured by floating a layer of molten glass onto the surface of molten tin and
then over the annealing lehr to give it a lustrous looks. It has a big area of application, from
window panes to shelves, mirrors, table tops etc. Apart from this, it is also used for
showcases and other displays.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS

Fully shaded windows;

Retail and display counters;
Where maximum natural daylight is required;
Furniture;
Greenhouses;
Economic glazing

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Smooth and flat surface

Flexible sizes

Transparency

INSULATED GLASS

Insulated glass units (IGUs) or double glazed units are a significantly more energy efficient
glazing system than single glazed windows. It is estimated that up to 30% of heat entering the
home and up to 50% of winter heat loss is a result from the use of single glazing.
IGUs consist of two or more panels of glass separated by airspace and

23

aluminium or other type of spacer around the edges, sealed to the perimeter in controlled
conditions. The spacer contains a desiccant (drying agent) which eliminates moisture vapour
in the cavity. The combination of the two panels of glass and the trapped air is what makes
IGUs a superior energy efficient method of glazing.
The glazing system must be designed to drain out all water in the rebate and a void must exist
under the unit so that moisture is not trapped against the edge of the glass.
Generally units should be glazed with a minimum 3mm clearance between the glass face to
rebate a minimum 3 - 6mm clearance under the unit in the rebate (size of block) and a
minimum 12mm cover or bite in the rebate.
Dry glazing of units is always recommended but if units are to be glazed or bedded into
compounds or sealants it is imperative that compatible sealants are used or edge failure may
result.

SINGLE GLAZING
It is estimated that in an uninsulated home up to 30% of heat entry can be attributed to
clear single glazing. In these situations single clear glazing is recommended only for
shaded windows, where glare is not a concern or where maximum natural daylight is
required.

DOUBLE GLAZING or IGU

Double glazing or insulated glass units (IGU) have better insulating qualities than
single glazing. When using the U-value performance indicator which measures the
amount of heat transfer, IGUs decrease this rate of heat transfer by up to 50%. This
means a cooler or warmer environment with lower energy costs.

CONDENSATION
Water from condensation build-up and resultant water run-off can damage window
frames/sills and seep into walls and adjoining areas. Condensation will form when the
moisture in the air condenses out on surfaces that are cooler than the dew point. Insulated
walls, ceilings and floors provide better thermal barriers than windows. Window surfaces
being colder than other surfaces in the home or building are more prone to

24

condensation build up. An IGU reduces the likelihood of condensation forming by providing
a thermal barrier between the inside and the outside.

THERMAL STRESS
The use of solar control glass (tinted floats or reflective) may affect the thermal safety of the
glazing unit. Careful consideration needs to be given to building design, frame type, glazing
methods, proximity of blinds, screens or curtains and external shading. Refer Thermal
Breakage.

Insulated Glass: Cardinal I.G. superior Low insulated glass

TYPICAL IGU CONSTRUCTION

Primary seal consisting of a hot melt butyl or a PIB (Poly Iso Butylene).
provides a barrier for moisture penetration;

This seal

Aluminium spacer (or other type) filled with moisture absorbing desiccant;
Secondary seal performing a structural function of holding the two panes of glass together.
There are a number of types of secondary seals, including polysulphide, polyurethane and
silicone;

25

 Glass panels.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS:

Reduction of heat build up in summer;

Reduction of winter heat loss and condensation;
Lower air conditioning and heating costs;
Lower noise penetration;
26

Lower UV transmission;
Increased wind load strength;
Increased security;
Greater spandrel and vision panel matching for commercial applications.

PATTERNED & FEATURE GLASS

From our most promising product line, we are providing our clients premium quality
Patterned and Feature Glass. Designed while keeping the present concept-demand in mind,
this glass is manufactured by calendaring molding through single or double roller
manufacturing process. It is widely used in meeting rooms, hotels, office,
hospitals, sports grounds, bathrooms, etc.

27

Patterned or figure rolled glass is made by running molten glass over a patterned roller which
reproduces the pattern on the glass. Figured roll glass is used to diffuse, not obscure, an
object when viewing. Patterned glass is available as Grade A safety glass in either toughened,
laminated or cast in place laminated (CIP). The combination of wire and the resultant high
heat absorbency along with the difficulty in achieving good defect free edges when cutting,
make this product highly susceptible to thermal breakage.
Kiln fired textured glass offers the home owner, retailer, interior designer and architect
innovative and original glass design possibilities. Applications include signage, vanity tops,
mirror frames, shower enclosure panels, basin bowls, glass walls and other decorative
features. A large range of standard patterns and custom tailored designs are on offer.
Depending on depth of textured pattern, it can be toughened to comply with human impact
requirements. Curved textured glass is also available.

A wide range of curved or bent glass products are available to suit applications such as store
shop fronts, balustrade, revolving doors, food displays and china cabinets.
Glass bends are available in clear, tinted, reflective, textured/patterned and low-E glasses in
many of the following:

Annealed
Laminated
Toughened
IGUs

There are several factors to consider when supporting glass in tables and trolleys:

28

 If glass is horizontally moved to extreme positions in any direction, its edges must
simultaneously overlap all supports by a minimum of 6mm;
When glass is supported on cushioning pads, the minimum horizontal area of each support
shall be 36mm2;
Under no circumstances should glass be in contact with glass, metal surfaces, stone etc.
Plastic protectors, bump-ons or other suitable spacers should be used.
The maximum evenly distributed safe load that a shelf can support depends on the glass type,
thickness and distance between supports as per Table 1. In order to obtain the working load
for a particular shelf, the shelf depth and the distance between supports is required.

CERAMIC SPANDREL GLASS

Ceramic fritted glass consists of a ceramic based paint screen printed onto clear, tinted,
patterned or reflective glass (Pyrolytic only). It can also be referred to as colour clad, ceramic
fired, ceramic backed or even an opacified glass. Ceramic fritted glass has a major use in
building cladding. Its main function is to match or contrast vision panels where an all glass
facade is desired. The glass is heat strengthened or toughened which fuses the paint to the
glass creating a permanent durable coating. The benefit of heat strengthening is apparent,
where upon breakage, the glass tends to fragment into large pieces and stay intact
in the opening or framework. The other main benefit of ceramic fritted products

29

for spandrel applications is their greater durability in comparison with various other methods
of spandrel glazing.

If matching vision and spandrel panels, the general rule is that products with a visible light
transmittance greater than 20% are difficult to match. Greater matching is achieved with high
reflecting products with lower visible light transmittance (14% or below).

One method to assist in matching is to use IGUs with the reflective coated surface and an
opaque ceramic painted frit on surface. IGUs create the perception of depth similar to that of
the vision panel; reduce condensation and longevity/quality problems sometimes associated
with other methods below.

Ceramic Frit Glass Manufacturer in Bangalore, Mumbai, Hyderabad ...

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS

Permanent, durable and non-porous;
Spandrel panels for matching or contrasting vision panels;
Door motifs;

30

 Decorative panels for partitions, shower screens, signage and furniture;

Automotive/marine and general transport glass;
Kitchen/bathroom splash backs;
Reduce glare or filter light with special pattern designs;

TOUGHENED GLASS

Toughened glass is produced by heating annealed glass in a furnace to approximately

700degC and then rapidly blowing cool air onto both surfaces. This rapid cooling
process is the key element in the physical changes in annealed glass that creates
toughened glass. Toughened glass cannot be drilled or edge worked in any manner. A
slight distortion or bowing may occur after toughening but is largely
controllable. It will vary with substance, tint, surface treatment, size and

31

shape of the glass. Ceramic painted, sandblasted or reflective coated glass has a
greater tendency to bow and special tolerances would be advised. Flatness will be
measured when the glass is standing on edge with a straight edge placed along the full
length of the panel and a wedge measurement taken at the centre position.

Stamps are located in the normal position at the bottom left hand corner or special
position to customer specification. Please state on your requirement order.

Stamps available include GLAZING, AUTOMOTIVE and special sized stamps for
louvers. Stamps can be custom made to customers name and specification. Please
refer to Veeral Glass for more details.

Where no stamp is requested, the customer may be required to provide a compliance

letter or certificate if so requested by relevant authorities. It is always advisable to
identify toughened glass by stamping.

Tempered glass is a generic term for glass that is either toughened or heat
strengthened. Clarification should be sought as to which type of tempering is required
and whether either one meets relevant code requirements.

Obvious restrictions such as furnace size (maximum size) and distance between
rollers (minimum size) exist, although larger, smaller and thicker sizes are available
on longer lead-times. However, whole and cut-out positioning and their size are
critical to the successful toughening of a panel. Incorrect hole and cut-out design
creates excessive stresses and weaknesses that may result in breakage during the
toughening process. A more dangerous scenario is that the panel fails on or after
installation.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS

Toughened safety glass is a Grade A safety glass as per AS1288;

32

 Up to 500% stronger than annealed glass and therefore is more resistant to thermal
breakage and can withstand greater wind load;
On breaking it fragments into many small harmless pieces unlike annealed glass;
Can be used within a temperature range of minus 70degC to plus 300degC (surface
temperature should not exceed 250degC if other surface is lower than 0degC ambient);
Standard arrissed edge makes handling easier;
Ease of matching tinted toughened and tinted annealed glass;
Plastic wrapped to avoid scratches during delivery or on site;
Recommended for door, side and low lites, frameless entries, balustrades, shower, bath
screen panels and furniture;
Available in thicknesses 4 - 19 mm.

LAMINATED GLASS

Laminated glass is a safety glass made by laminating two or more sheets of equal/unequal
33

glass thicknesses with a flexible plastic interlayer or PVB (poly vinyl butyral). The glass and
interlayer are bonded together by heat and pressure. Generally this interlayer is 0.38mm thick
but other thicknesses are available.
The safety aspect of laminated glass is due to its PVB interlayer which prevents the glass
from disintegrating if broken, the glass adhering to the interlayer depending on the severity of
the impact.
Laminated glass also acts as a barrier against penetration. Laminated glass is also available in
tinted form. Tinted laminated glass simply uses a coloured interlayer between clear glass
which also assists in reducing solar heat entry.
We have emerged as the foremost manufacturer and supplier of a world class range of
Laminated Glass. For the fabrication of this product, our professionals make use of premium
quality PVB, EVA or SGP inter layer between two or more pieces of glass under high
pressure and temperature. This is a kind of safety glass usually produced for high security
purposes. It could be used for security in banks, showrooms and for underwater construction
etc.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS

Helps to protect carpets, curtains,
Furniture by screening out 99% of all ultra-violet light;
34

 Suited for overhead glazing such as windows directly above doorways, rooflites, skylites
and multi storey buildings, where upon impact glass is unlikely to fall to the ground
below;
Suited for doors, side lites, lift wells, ballustrading, laminated mirrors in walk through
robe situations, wet areas and other areas as required by Australian Standards;
Security features which greatly aid prevention of illegal entry and/or vandalism (e.g.,
6.52mm Lamguard and 11.52mm Anti-Bandit laminated glass;
Fire retardation - laminated glass though not used on its own as part of a fire resistant
glazing, still provides longer evacuation time than ordinary thin annealed glass;
Visually distortion free in annealed form;
Solar control features, with tinted and reflective glass options;
Wide range of colours and PVB thicknesses including 0.38, 0.76, 1.14, and 1.52mm.

TINTED FLOAT GLASS

Tinted float is produced by adding a colourant during a clear float production run. Apart
from its function as an aesthetically pleasing glass, tinted float is also referred to as a heat
absorbing glass, as the glass reflects very little solar energy. Because of this heat absorption

35

quality, some thicker tints in certain situations may require heat strengthening or toughening
to cope with this thermal stress.
The thicker the tinted glass, the darker the appearance and colour becomes.
As the thickness increases, the glass absorbs more heat and therefore maybe more prone to
thermal breakage if glazed in annealed form.

We are the leading manufacturer and supplier of the finest quality Tinted Floating Glass. This
glass is produced by adding a coloring agent during a float glass production process. It is
specially designed to reduce solar heat gain and it also helps in increasing the comfort level
and decreasing cooling costs in the building. Application areas of this glass are factory,
schools, shopping centers, commercial building etc.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS:

Reducing unwanted heat gain;

Reducing glare;
Adding value to the property;

36

 Reducing cooling costs;

Improving privacy during the daytime;
Furniture, decorative displays etc.
Toughening or heat strengthening will prevent thermal breakage Some of
trade names for these glasses are:
Antisun - Pilkington
Refer Austint/Comfortone range.
Austint - Pilkington
Standard grey, bronze and green range. (See also Comfortone.)
Arctic Blue - Pilkington/LOF
Blue float.
Asian Blue Refer sales for more information.
Azurlite - PPG
Sky blue (non reflective blue float).
Belgium Grey - Glaverbel
Old green grey float not available.
Comfortone Pilkington Refers to Austint and Evergreen range.
4 - 6mm and 6.38 laminated thicknesses.
Euro Grey - Asahimas
Standard grey tinted glass.
Evergreen - Pilkington
Darker and a superior performer to
Normal green glass.
Ford Blue - LOF
Graylite - PPG
Dark grey appearance.
Koolvue - AFG
Bronze float n/a

the common

REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS

Reflective glass absorbs and reflects a major proportion of the suns direct energy
more effectively than tinted float glass. The mirror like appearance of reflective
37

glass is achieved through the application of a metallic coating during or after glass
manufacture
There are two types of reflective glass available, pyrolytic and vacuum coated:
Pyrolytic: - a coating is applied during glass manufacture. It is basically an economical
reflective product. The coating is fused into the glass at 1200 degree C. The advantage of this
product is its durability. It can be handled like a standard square of glass. It is ready to be cut,
heat strengthened and toughened. This product is sometimes called a hard coat reflective. Its
coating is more durable than soft coat. The same cleaning procedures as for normal glass can
be applied to Pyrolytic. It can be laminated to various required thicknesses as well.
Vacuum coated glass: - involves the deposition of metal particles on the glass surface by a
chain reaction in a vacuum vessel. It is often called a soft coat, because the coating is more
susceptible to damage than a hard coat glass when glazed in monolithic form. Vacuum coated
reflective glass products are generally better performers in terms of reducing heat gain than
pyrolytic or hard coat products. Different coating combinations on clear and tinted glass or
with combinations of tinted PVB interlayer in laminated glass, give an array of colour and
performance features. These products can also be made up into insulated glass units with
Low-E coatings for superior energy efficiency. Veeral Glass has available an extensive range
of vacuum coated reflective glass products to suit most applications.
The use of reflective glass represents a popular choice in commercial and domestic glazing
today. They provide superior performance to standard glass products in terms of reflecting
heat and reducing air conditioning loads.

Coating definitions
Even though, when a tinted PVB interlayer is used or a tinted glass is coated
which then reduces the visible light transmittance, the number reference is still

38

nevertheless a good guide to visible light transmittance compared to the other coated product
groups. The higher the number the greater the visible light transmittance. In addition the
lower the number, the better the glass is in reducing heat gain.

Choosing laminated or monolithic

All reflective coated glass should be subject to a thermal assessment to determine the risk of
breakage in the proposed application. If the risk is high, tempering in the form of heat
strengthening or toughening is required.

Laminated glass - has the advantages of protecting the metallic coating from damage
because it is safely sandwiched between two panes of glass, up to 99% ultra violet exclusion,
visually distortion free and stays intact if breakage occurs;

Monolithic - reflective products as a general rule perform marginally better than laminates
in reducing heat gain. Coatings on monolithic tinted glass should always be heat strengthened
or toughened and this can be a cost disadvantage.

COLOUR DIFFERENCES
Coated glass colours do change when viewed at different times of the day, depending on the
weather, surrounding reflections and the angle at which the glass is viewed. Therefore with
this in mind it is recommended that either a mock-up or on site visit to a completed building
is undertaken before a glass choice is made.
Vacuum coatings such as TS and SS, when coated on clear glass, would highlight a
silver/blue and silvery appearance respectively. When coated on tinted glass or manufactured
with a tinted PVB interlayer in laminated glass, the colour of the tint/PVB will be more
outstanding.

Features:

Elegant & glossy look

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UV resistant

Impact resistant

LOW EMISSIVITY COATED GLASS

One of the most demanded architectural glass produced by us is Low-emissivity Coated

Glass. Our offered product has a thin coating of metal within its airspace that reflects thermal
radiation or inhibits its emission, reducing heat transfer through the glass. It is provided with
a low-e coating that allows solar radiation to pass through into a room and helps to reduce
heat loss. Our clients can avail this product from us at reasonable prices.

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Low-E glass is best utilized in double glazed units or IGUs, though laminated and
monolithic applications are possible with some interesting results. The surface position on
which the low-E glass will be placed is dependent on the climate.
Ideally for warm climates where summer heat reduction is a priority, the coating should be on
surface for maximum performance.

FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS:

Helps reduce summer heat gain and winter heat loss;

Reduces ultra-violet substantially;
Improves occupant comfort, reduces condensation build up;
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 Coating is transparent, non reflective and durable (hard coat);

Best performance achieved in double glazed units (IGUs);
Available in 5 and 6mm annealed, toughened and can be laminated.

Low-Emissivity Glass-Low-Emissivity Glass-Glass

MIRROR GLASS

Our clients can avail a wide array of Mirror Glass from us. This product is extensively used
on Bedrooms, Living rooms, Dressing rooms, Staircases and many more places. It is
fabricated at our manufacturing unit under the supervision of our experienced professionals
by inculcating most modern techniques. We also make available this mirror in various styles,
shapes and finishes to meet the exact requirements of our esteemed customers.

One common method of mirrored or silvered glass manufacture is the dual coat method.
This involves coating clear or tinted glass with silver and then layering protective coats of
copper and coats of paint which help protect the mirror from attack by corrosive substances
and physical abrasion. The most recent technology in mirror manufacturing developed by
Glaverbel is Miralux New Generation, which is copper and lead free and offers longer
42

resistance to corrosion and aggressive chemical agents than conventional mirrors. Compared
to other Mirror glass, the Miralux is better with its Activation and Passivation technologies.
This makes it a more durable and trusted name than other similar products. It also has a
feature of being a Corrosion Resistant Mirror.

The copper coating in conventional mirrors can be oxidized by chemical reactions through
the paint (especially polymerization agents in the adhesives used to fix mirrors in place).
When the copper coating has oxidized completely, the copper oxide (which is brownish in
colour) diffuses through the silver coating and reaches the point where the glass and silver
meet, causing brownish stains. This defect, which is called cloud, appears on most
conventional mirrors with a layer of copper. However, it does not appear with Miralux
mirror products.

Miralux is manufactured according to a special patented process. They have the following
features:
1) No copper coating;
2) Two coats of lead free protective paint (<0.2% in weight wet paint).
Copper free - Generally speaking, mirror production causes a major concentration of
ammonia in the effluent from the silvering line. Approximately 90% of this ammonia results
from the copper plating procedure. Copper free mirrors help processors to respect the
environment too, since effluent from shaping and edging operations is totally free of copper.
Lead free - Given the growth and increased stringency of both Veeral and international
environment standards, the innovation of lead free paint offers the consumer the choice of
more environmentally friendly products. This makes Miralux an excellent

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alternative for health sensitive environments such as the home, child care centers, schools,
hospitals etc.

APPLICATION

Architectural Applications
Doors and partitions, shower cubicles, glass walkways, table tops, shelves,
balustrades, mirrors, atriums, aquariums, lifts, art galleries, dance floors, museums
and showcases.

Solar Water Heaters and Photo Voltaic Modules

Home Appliances and Cookware

Lighting and Luminares

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Automobiles

VisiCoolers

WASHING GLASS PROCESS

45

MACHINE CHECK LIST

SR.NO

WORKS

1.

COMPRESSIVE AIR PRESSURE

2.

LUBRICANT SHAFT

3.

CLEANING OF DRILLING BED

4.

CHANGE DAMAGE CASTOR

5.

DRILLING TABLE PAD CHANGE

6.

WATER PIPE CLEANING

7.

CHANGE WATER SEALS

8.

ACTUAL PLAN WORK-HOURS(E)

A. MAN POWER ABSENT

46

B. BREAK DOWN
C. NO SUPPLY POWER
9.

UTILISATION OF RESOURCES

47

RATING RATIONALE

The rating is constrained by the small scale of operations, part funding of the proposed
expansion plan by external debt and high working capital requirement resulting in increase in
gearing of the company, decline in operating margins in FY10 due to increase in raw material
costs and low net profitability in the past due to high interest and depreciation costs. Further,
ICRA notes that the proposed equity infusion by the company would remain critical to fund
the expansion plan and any delay in commissioning of additional capacities or
underutilisation of new capacities would expose the company to repayment risk for long term
loans.
However, the rating remains supported by the diversified and established client-base, high
capacity utilisation of the current manufacturing facility and healthy operating margins of the
company.
VESGPL was incorporated on 13th December 2004 to process raw glass into tempered and
insulated glass. The company is managed by Mr. Bharat Nagori, Mr. Manik Kodre and Mr.
Vineet Dangi. Mr. Bharat Nagori has 22 years of experience in trading of glass products and
hence has established relationship with customers and suppliers. VESGPL commenced
operations in 2006 and the company processes float glass to make it suitable for architectural
and automotive uses. The other industries where the companys product is used is electrical
(lights, etc.), interior decoration, solar panel and white goods. VESGPL is currently operating
at high capacity utilisation and is expecting larger orders going forward. Hence the company
proposes to expand the existing capacity to three times of the current capacity and launch a
new product i.e. laminated glass.
The total project cost for expansion is estimated at Rs.22.91 crore which is to be financed in
the debt-equity ratio of 2.69. VESGPL has tied-up the debt for the project and would infuse
equity over the next two months. The current manufacturing facility is at Yewat in Pune and
the proposed expansion would be on the same land. The expansion is expected to complete
by March 2012 and the repayment of term loan
commence from July 2012 after a moratorium period of three months. ICRA notes that any
delay in commissioning the new capacity as per schedule exposes the company to
refinance/repayment risk.
VESGPL receives orders from dealers, fabricators, end user like builders and architects,
interior designers, light fitting manufacturers and solar industry customers. However, there is
no client concentration with top 10 customers accounting for 38% of the revenues in
11MFY11.

48

RATING

ICRA has assigned LB- (pronounced L B minus) rating to the Rs.22.85 crore1 long term bank
limits of Veeral eSafety Glass Private Limited (VESGPL)

KEY RATING CONSIDERATIONS

Credit Strengths
Long track record of promoter as a dealer in the glass processing industry results in
VESGPL having a diversified and established client-base despite limited period of
commercial operations
Healthy operating margins due to the customised products being produced as per each
customer requirement and hence significant value addition offered by VESGPL
Credit Challenges
Small scale of operations of the company and limited manufacturing capacity of the
company
High gearing of the company in the past; gearing as on March 31, 2010 stood at 2.5
times. However, 36% of the long term loans were unsecured loans from promoters
which were converted Into equity during FY11 resulting in expected reduction in
gearing to 0.5 on March 31, 2011. Funding of proposed expansion plan by external
debt and high working capital requirement would result in increase in gearing of the
company
Equity Infusion of Rs.6.21 crore is critical to fund the expansion plan of the company
High working capital intensity of the company. The NWC/OI (Net working
capital/operating income as on March 31, 2010 was 42%

49

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COMPANY CONTACT

Marketing Office:
Veeral eSafety Glass Pvt. Ltd
Basement No. 22, East Street Galleria,
Opp. Bombay Garage, Next To SBI,
East Street, Camp, Pune 411001, INDIA

Tel: +91-20-26350024
Fax: +91-20-26350020
Email: info@veeralesafety.com
veeralesafety@yahoo.com

Registered Office/ Works:

Gurukripa Industrial Estate
National Highway No 9,
GAT No.813 2A, At Post : Yewat ,
Taluka:Daund, Pune 412 214, India.

Tel : +91-9922417912, +91-9922418158

Fax : +91-2119-287301

We are a growth oriented organisation and we are always open to be associated with individuals who
wish to excel in their life and seek a new and challenging ground.
If you are a graduate in the disciplines of marketing or engineering in the vertical of technical or
instrumental industry, please mail us your updated resume/bio data to the following email address.
Email: info@veeralesafety.com

51

SUGGESTIONS

I would like to give suggestions for the betterment of the company so that it can do much
better. As we know that every company main aim is to satisfy the customers by providing
then better quality products.
Her are sum suggestion which a company should not ignore:

1. The machinery was more an employees were very less as compared to

machinery.
2. I found that one employee was handling two machineries at a time so it built a
pressure of work on employees.
3. There was no union of the employees.
4. The person who was the in charger was not able to explain properly about the
machineries they use.
5. They not show how the glass is made. They have just shown the production
process
6. There should be one senior person to supervise the work of the employees.
This were some point I found out on which they should improvise an improve the condition
working more efficiently.

52

CONCLUSION

In conclusion I would like to conclude that I m very thank full to Pune University for giving
me an opportunity to do this project because this project have help me to learn many new
things I have gained lots of knowledge about how the company works, what types of
machinery they used for making glass an giving them shape according to the customers
requirement, I have also learned about how the glass processed from raw materials into
finished goods. In this I have also learned that what types of glasses are used for different
purposes.

In the end i would like to say that this project was a very useful for me as it has really helped
in increasing my knowledge. Finally I would like to thank each an everyone for helping and
guiding me during this project I would like to thank each and every one who had helped me
and supported me in doing this project.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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I have gathered all this information from:-

Websites:WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
www.veeral e safety glass pvt. Ltd
www. Images for veeral e safety glass pvt. Ltd

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