Introduction:

The stripping is one of the asphalt cement tests, which is

considered asphalt a measure for strength of bond
between asphalt cement and aggregate, which depends
largely on the type of aggregate.
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is one of the
aggregate test, which measure the strength of the
aggregate relative to a standard aggregate, which is a
high quality crushed lime stone.

Summary:

In the stripping test, many samples of asphalt

bituminous mixture is prepared for different types of
aggregate, and the mixture are immersed in boiling water
for 10 minutes, which will take off the asphalt from the
aggregate, and then the remaining coating asphalt is
estimated visually.
In the CBR test, a standardized piston used to penetrate
through a soil, and the load is measure versus the
deformation, which will give a curve used to find the CBR.

Objectives:
1)
To be familiar with the stripping measurement.
2)
To be familiar with the CBR test.
3)
To estimate the stripping for a group of asphalt
concrete mixture.
4)
To determine the CBR for an aggregate sample.

Material used:

For stripping:
1)
Containers.
2)
Scales.
3)
Spatula.
4)
Constant temperature oven.
5)
Aggregate with different types.
6)
Bituminous.
7)
Sieves.

For CBR:
8)
CBR compaction mold.
9)
Collar.
10)
Spacer disk.
11)
Compaction hammer.
12)
Expansion measuring apparatus with dial gage
reading to 0.01 mm.

13)
Surcharge weights.
14)
Compression machine equipped with CBR penetration
piston.

Laboratory work:

stripping
1)
Choose 4 types of aggregate: lime stone, valley
gravel, basalt, and granite.
2)
Make a sieve analysis between sizes 4.75 mm and 9.5
mm to have one size aggregate.
3)
Put the aggregate in the oven for 24 hours and put
the asphalt for hour.
4)
Mix the aggregate with the asphalt based on the
asphalt content obtained from Marshall test, mix until the
mixture becomes homogeneous, and all asphalt coats the
aggregate.
5)
Bring a 1000 cc container, fill it with water and boil it.
6)
Put every mixture in a container for 10 minutes and
strike it using glass rod.
7)
Using a paper, remove any film of asphalt floating on
the surface of the water.
8)
After the 10 minutes, put the aggregate on a cloth
piece, and by observation, estimate the percent of asphalt
still coating the aggregate for each of the four samples.

CBR test:
1)
Bring some of the soil that is used in the base and
subbase to test it.
2)
Divide it into two parts: one is immersed in water
which will be tested here, and the other is just surface
saturated which will not be used here.
3)
Bring the soil, and bring the mold, fill the mold with
the soil with three equal layers, each layer compacted 56
times.
4)
Put the sample in the water for 24 hours.
5)
Place the sample in the CBR machine, turn it on and
measure the load versus deformation until the sample fail.
6)
Use these results and plot a load deformation curve
and find the CBR for the sample.

Test results:

For
For
For

For stripping:
lime stone = 72.3 %
valley gravel = 3.75 %
basalt = 28.8 %

For granite = 3.9 %

For CBR:
CBR = 164.3 %

Discussion:
In this experiment, we have made the stripping test, to
measure how much of the asphalt sustained on the
aggregate, which considered asphalt quality measurement
of the asphalt bituminous mixture.
The stripping depends mainly on the surface of the
aggregate, where the smooth surface aggregate is very
bad, since the asphalt has a very weak cohesion with the
surface of the aggregate, which is what happen for the
valley gravel, which has a smooth surface that give only
3.75 % of stripping resistance, while the rough surface like
the lime stone surface has a very strong bond between
the asphalt and the aggregate, which is ensured by the
result 72.3 % stripping resistance. But not only the surface
is the affecting factor on the stripping, but also the
strength of the aggregate is also affect the stripping,
which is obvious for the granite (3.9 % stripping), which
despite of its rough surface, it has a low bond strength,
due to it low compressive strength. Other types of
aggregate like basalt has medium stripping resistance
(28.8 %), which can be used in pavement with some
conditions, like adding some chemicals to stabilize the
asphalt on the basalt aggregate.
The CBR results was 164.3 %, this means that the
aggregate sample was excellent, since as bigger CBR, as
better the aggregate. Usually, the CBR results used in
designing the thickness of the pavement layers, and
according to the standards, the subgrade must have
minimum CBR = 512 %, the subbase must have 30 %,
and the base must have 80 %, this indicate that the closer
layer to the surface, the higher quality aggregate must be
used. On the other hand, out sample here achieve the
minimum requirement for the base layer, and the higher
quality of aggregate used, the lower thickness needed for
the same conditions of the road.
According to the standards, the sample must be
immersed in water for 4 days, to be sure that it is in
saturation condition, while in Arab countries, this is very
conservative, since the rain fall is very low comparing with
Europe and America, beside the fact that the water table

is very low, for this, the road material is very rare to reach
the saturation condition, this will lead to unrealistic load
design, which is not economic.
The errors in this experiment can be summarized as the
following:
1.) The irregularities of the surface of the aggregate
directly under the piston, which may give erroneous
results.
2.) The visual estimation of the asphalt on the aggregate
is not precise method to the amount of asphalt.
3.) The asphalt bituminous sample were must be
immersed in water for 16 to 18 hr, not for 10 min in boiling
water.
4.) The sample in CBR test was immersed for 1 day, while
it must be immersed for 4 days.
5.) Errors in calculations, plotting the curve, and devices
(balance).

Conclusion:
1)
The stripping measurement is an empirical test, used
to find the amount of asphalt stripped on the aggregate.
2)
The stripping test is not an accurate test, and the
ASTM must find alternative method for measuring the
stripping.
3)
The surface of the aggregate and its strength are the
major properties that affect the stripping.
4)
The CBR ratio test is used to estimate the quality of
the aggregate, to be used in the layer thickness design.
5)
The CBR test has very large factors that affect it
results.
6)
In Arab areas, some modifications must be done on
the test to simulate the actual conditions of the field.

References:

1)
ASTM, D 1664 80, page 461 464.
2)
Engineering properties of soils and their
measurements, by Joseph E. Bowles, Page 217 226.
3)
ASTM, D 1883 87, page 532 538.

Appendix
Table 71: amount of asphalt retained on aggregate
surface as percent
Group
1
2
3
4
Avera
ge

Lime stone
70
75
75
80
75
70
78
80
65
70
69
75
73
67
65
70
72.3 %

Valley gravel
2
3
3
4
8
6
7
5
3
2
3
4
1
2
4
3
3.75 %

Basalt
30
25
30
25
25
30
27
28
30
25
28
35
30
28
35
30
28.8 %

Granite
5
4
4
5
3
4
2
6
2
3
5
4
5
4
4
3
3.9 %

Table 72: load deformation results

Deformation(0.0
1mm)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

Deformation (in)

Reading force

0.019685039
0.039370079
0.059055118
0.078740157
0.098425197
0.118110236
0.137795276
0.157480315
0.177165354
0.196850394
0.216535433
0.236220472

95
200
350
540
700
850
985
1110
1245
1355
1470
1580

from machine
table(real force)
236.32
410.45
863.94
1326.83
1719.36
2087.38
2414.26
2716.75
3043.54
3312.6
3594.49
3857.1

Stress (kg/cm2)
12.21292
21.21189
44.64806
68.57003
88.85581
107.8749
124.768
140.4005
157.2889
171.1938
185.7618
199.3333

CBR test

Stress (kg/cm2)

250
200
150
100
50
0
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
0.2
Deformation (in.)

0.25

At 0.1 in., the stress = 85 kg/cm2 = 1233 psi.

At 0.2 in., the stress = 170 kg/cm2 = 2465 psi.
CBR, 0.1 in. = 1233 / 1000 * 100 % = 123.3 %
CBR, 0.2 in. = 2465 / 1500 * 100 % = 164.3 %
CBR = 164.3 %

Evaluation Form
Univ. of Science
Name:& Tech.
:Civil Eng. Dept.
:Dr. Taisir Khedaywi
Date :-

Course No.

:-

Stud

Course Name:-

Stud No

Topic

Lab No

:-

Due
Section

:Day
:Evaluation Element

Points
Value

Points Received
1

Title Page

Abstract

Introduction

Objectives

Material Used

Laboratory Work

Result& Discussions

20

Conclusions

10

Acknowledgment

------

10 References

11 Table With Titles

12 Figures

13 Appendix

14 Spelling, Punctuation
Clearly Sentence
15 Overall Effectives &
Formatting
Total

10
10
100