Literature, Case and Market Study

Faculty
Of
Architecture
Group
No.
OFFICE AND SERVICE APARTMENTS

LITERATURE,CASE AND MARKET STUDY
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, FIFTH SEMESTER

TEACHER GUIDE : AJAY S. ,CHRISTINE QUADROS., Mohammed Nissar
HIGH RISE STRUCTURE

FOA
MANIPAL UNIVERSITY
ARUNIMA GUPTA
TANAY MODI
MUNINDRA MOHANTA
TEJAS KAMAT
RATNESH MANGAL
Service Apartments
LITERATURE STUDY
A serviced apartment is a type of furnished apartment available for short-term or long-term stays, which provides amenities for daily use.
Serviced apartments typically include soft-furnishings and cooking utensils so that short term tenants need not bring their own, and have
cleaning services included in the rent. Serviced apartments therefore include some of the convenience of hotel rooms but can be less
expensive than equivalent hotel rooms for longer stayers.
A variety of apartment types could include a range of the following: unit sizes, including studio apartments, 1,2,3+ bedroom apartments
and including additional living areas such as studies and apartment design and internal layout, including dual aspect, loft and mezzanine
and cross-over apartments (with two opposite aspects and a change in level between one side of the apartment and the other),
Orientation of the building and plan configuration selected not only to enhance views but to reduce energy expenses for heating and air conditioning.
Minimize the impact of lateral wind loading on the structure.
Reduce as much as possible the walking distances for both guest and the house keeping staff.
Adequate number of linen storage and vending areas, and small electrical and phone equipment rooms.
Plan types range in shape from long, double-loaded corridor plans, to compact vertical towers, to flamboyant atrium structures or a large lobby space
so that some of the rooms look into the hotel interior.
Choice of a plan type is the result of a balanced consideration of site, environment, and space requirements
Group No.
Service Apartments
LITERATURE STUDY
The design of an service apartment and its accessory spaces depends on the economic strata i.e. budget for
whom its being planned
#In the low budget : the minimum requirements will be applicable for living , kitchen , bath and bedroom
#In the medium budget: entrance alcove , dining alcove , better storage for kitchen with additional countertop
and snack bar, walk in closets may be provided.
#In the high budget: Separate entrance foyer and dining room, ample workspace ,custom designed cabinets and
dressing room in bedroom, stall showers powder room are to be provided
Recreation
Dwelling unit
Pedestrian access
Group No.
balcony
Service Access
PUBLIC PRIVATE
INTERFACE LOBBY OR
VESTIBULE
Parking or
garage
Vehicular
access
Service Apartments
LITERATURE STUDY
BUILDING TYPES:The different placement of corridors of the

building plays an important role in the design of
the apartments and is designed to serve different
needs . Apart from enhancing the massing it also
affects the ventilation and determines its
circulation and access.
The number of floors devoted to parking and
how the parking is integrated into the design of
the apartment is an important determinant in
the design of the service apartment.
Also the relationship between the access to
site and the parking should be considered
while providing for the parking
Interior spaces such as bathrooms ,interior kitchens and public halls should be provided with
ducts for ventilation of odors and smells originating from these spaces.
The specifications of size and placement is done with conjunction of the mechanical engineer
In architecture, an airshaft is a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits
ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an
airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed
between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the
building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft,
may also allow extra sunlight inside.
Group No.
Office Design
LITERATURE STUDY
The office, as defined in the dictionary as a place for transacting business, is coming into its own as
never before. Communication is seen increasingly as the primary function of office space.
Individual tasks requiring concentration or privacy may well take place at home, as they did when
paperwork the keeping of records - first started. Balancing the needs of concentration and
confidentiality with those of communicating, is the central dilemma of office design
Spaces for solitary work include:
Workstations: basic configuration of work surface, chair, storage and equipment, possibly
with some screening.
Carrel: screened area, containing single or multiple workstations.
Personal offices: fully enclosed spaces, usually with a door, for one or more people.
Cell: non-dedicated, fully enclosed space for quiet or confidential working.
Spaces for collective work include:
Team rooms: enclosed spaces for long-term team-working, which clients may also use.
Team spaces: areas for teams; often changing configuration frequently.
Group spaces: dedicated family space for groups of people who may, or may not, work as teams.
Meeting points: extended workstations to allow for informal meetings.
Meeting areas: open spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture.
Meeting rooms: enclosed spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture, plus special facilities
such as electronic whiteboards, and audio-visual or video-conferencing equipment.
Group No.
Office Design
.
LITERATURE STUDY
SPACE ATTRIBUTES
Over 50 percent of workers around the world spend the workday in office buildings and spaces, and employers today are
increasingly bearing the responsibility of providing a quality workspace. Thus the Office space type is typically
a flexible environment that integrates technology, comfort and safety, and energy efficiency to provide a productive, costeffective, and aesthetically pleasing working environment.
Functional / Operational
Integrated Technology: Begin the design process with a thorough understanding of the technological requirements of the space,
including anticipated future needs.
Productive
Flexibility: The office space type is durable and adaptable, and will typically include features such as a raised floor system for the
distribution of critical services (power, voice, data, and HVAC) and mobile workstations to accommodate changes in employee,
equipment, and storage needs over time.
Secure / Safe
Comfort and Safety: The health, safety, and comfort of employees is of paramount concern to employers. For this reason, the office
space type should be designed with increased fresh air ventilation, the specification of non-toxic and low-polluting materials and
indoor air quality monitoring. Non-quantifiable benefits such as access to windows and view, and opportunities for interaction
should also be taken into account.
Sustainable
Energy Efficiency: As energy costs increase with higher reliance on technology, strategies such as the specification of high-efficiency
lighting and lighting controls; the application of day lighting; the use of occupancy sensors; and the installation of high-efficiency
HVAC equipment should be considered.
Sources : http://www.wbdg.org/design/office_st.php
Group No.
Office Design
LITERATURE STUDY
Example Programs
Two sample building programs and plans are provided, for 'fully closed' and 'fully open' offices. They include minor file and library reference
areas, conference space, break space with service unit/coffee bar, and reception area.
Sources : http://www.wbdg.org/design/office_st.php
Group No.
Office Design
.
Group No.
LITERATURE STUDY
Office Design
LITERATURE STUDY
DEFECIENCIES IN CLOSED OFFICE

SPACES
No perimeter open spaces
Low level of shared spaces
High level of individual spaces
Wasted double circulation
Low level of interaction between
employees
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Office Design
.
Group No.
LITERATURE STUDY
Office Design
LITERATURE STUDY
Sources :
http://www.un.org/cmp/uncmp/docs/Of
fice%20Space%20Planning%20Guidelines
%20Jan08_iSeek%20_FINAL.pdf
Group No.
Service Apartments and OFFICE
Group No.
BYE-LAWS
Service Apartments and OFFICE
BYE-LAWS
MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXIT PER FLOOR -2

ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVEL 35-40 Db
RECOMMENDED VALUES OF LUMINACE - 300-500-750 LUX
PASSENGER HANDLING CAPACITY OF LIFT
NO. OF FLOORS
SPEED
4 TO 5
0.5M/S-0.75M/S
OFFICE-DIVERSIFIED 10%-15%
TENANTS
6 TO 12
0.75M/S-1.5M/S
OFFICE-SINGLE
TENANT
ABOVE 12
2.5M/S OR
ABOVE
TYPE OF BUILDING
Group No.
SPEED OF LIFT
HANDLING
CAPACITY
15%-25%
CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS
SPACE PROPORTIONS
Commertial space: 2630%
Hotel: 65%
Banquet: 6-7%
Group No.
CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS
Good circulation with proper segregation between public and private space. Use of semi public spaces
as buffer zones..
We noticed how spaces are planned according to the economy of the area to generate the maximum
revenue.
We learned the importance of column layout as far as the hierarchy of the spaces are concerned.
We also noticed the importance of proper assessment of the market considering the future aspect also.
Group No.
CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

Architects: OMA
Location: Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Gross floor area: 162,000m:
Plot size: 107 m x 36 m (3,852m)
Height: 150 m
Tree stacked towers with a total height of 150m, will result on a gross floor area of
approximately 160,000m2, making De Rotterdam the largest building in the
Netherland, with a total cost of 340m.
Status: Commission 1997, groundbreaking December 2009, completion November
2013
Site: Former harbor waterfront between KPN tower and Cruise Terminal at Kop van
Zuid
Mixed-use Program:
Offices 72,000m;
240 apartments 34,5000m;
Hotel (278 rooms) / congress / restaurant
19,000m;
Retail / F&B 1,000 m;
Leisure 4,500 m;
Parking (approx. 650 vehicles) 31,000 m
N
Group No.
http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/
http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_
SIXTH FLOOR PLAN
SCHEMATIC SECTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
BASEMENT PLAN
Group No.
http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdam
http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/
SIXTH FLOOR PLAN
SCHEMATIC SECTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
The buildings shared plinth is the
location of the lobbies to each of the
towers, creating a pedestrianized public
hub by means of a common hall.
3 shafts, one for each tower.
24 elevators in all.
BASEMENT PLAN
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TYPICAL HIGH RISE
SCHEMATIC SECTION
TYPICAL LOW RISE
Group No.
Residential
towards
west. With
maximum
balconies
and option
for natural
ventilation
TYPICAL HIGH RISE
SCHEMATIC SECTION
The towers, known as West Tower, Mid Tower and East Tower,
are moved by about 90 meters above the ground a few meters
in different directions, which enhances the wind stability and
provides space for terraces.
In the original design, the towers did not touch each other, but
in order to simplify the play of forces and to keep the
construction affordable, they are now connected in a few
places.
TYPICAL LOW RISE
Group No.
7m
7m
SECTIONS
Sectional view of
public space and
parkings
Wrapped in a glass facade with sleek aluminum

mullions, floor-to-ceiling windows take advantage of
sweeping views and natural lighting.
Group No.

Residents and office workers alike
can use the fitness facilities,
restaurants, and conference rooms of
the hotel.
These private users of the building
have contact with the general public
on the ground floor, with its
waterfront cafes.
The lobbies for the offices, hotel, and
apartments are located in the plinth
a long elevated hall that serves as a
general traffic hub for De
Rotterdams wide variety of users.
LOBBY
PUBLIC SPACE
APARTMENT
LIFT LOBBY
HOTEL ROOM
CONFRENCE HALL
Deciding the percentage:
It was always clear that there would be housing, offices and a hotel, and all the facilities, but it was never quite clear in what proportion each
element would be. We were thinking that flexibility was important for the project. In the end, what we did was develop a system where each of
these elements could be shifted and could be changed and replaced with any of the other elements. So in a way its a diagram that shows, more or
less, infinite flexibility in terms of programme.
http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/
Group No.
http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/
http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_
INTRODUCTION
The Prudential Tower is a super-high rise building
containing offices, residences, and shops, with 38
floors above ground and a total floor area of
76,634.30m2. It is situated on a trunk road (Sotoboridori). The Diet Building and other central government
institutions and a number of luxury hotels are
concentrated in the surrounding area, and the building
can be accessed from five subway lines.
The Prudential Tower shares its neighbourhood

with many historic buildings, including Hie
Shrine and the Toyokawa Inari Shrine. It is
situated near the Prime Minister's Residence
and National Diet Building are near, security is a
given. This neighbourhood is adjacent to
Akasaka and Roppongi (popular locations for
the offices of international financial
institutions). Luxury hotels, three-star
restaurants, and exclusive bars are all nearby. In
this environment where every necessity of
modern life is readily available, a wide variety of
lifestyles flourish.
Group No.
Location
2-13,Nagatacho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Size of site
8,157m2 (2 acres)
Uses
Offices, apartments.
Height
158.35 m
Floors
Above ground: 38
Basement levels: 3
Total Floor Area
Approx. 76,593 m
Total Leasable
Space
Approx. 27,989 m
Structure
Steel Frame, CFT
Parking Capacity
197 spaces
Elevators
Passenger Use: 9,
Goods/Emergency
Use: 1
SOURCE :
https://www.mori.co.jp/en/projects/prudential/
MEANS OF ACCESS
Prudential Tower to :
NARITA AIRPORT :77.3 KM
HANEDA AIRPORT :17.5 KM
TOKYO RAILWAY : 4.3 KM
STATION
Five subway stations, including the Tokyo Metro

Nagatacho Station on the Namboku Line and
Akasaka-mitsuke Station on the Marunouchi and
Ginza Lines, make it easy to reach Otemachi,
Shinjuku and other major business districts.
Nearest Station
1 minutes Walk from Akasaka-Mitsuke Station
[Ginza and Marunouchi Subway Lines]
2 minutes Walk from Nagatacho Station
[Yurakucho, Hanzomon and Namboku Subway Lines]
7 minutes Walk from Tameike-Sanno Station
[Ginza and Namboku Subway Lines]
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SITE PLAN ,ZONING AND CIRCULATION
PEDESTRIAN
CIRCULATION
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
OFFICE ENTRANCE
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RESIDENCE ENTRANCE
OFFICE
N
Group No.
Leasable Floor Space

(Standard Floor)
Approx. 1,273 m
Ceiling Height
(Standard Floor)
2.7 m
OA Raised Floor Height
100 mm
Load Bearing
(Standard Floor)
500kg/m (Heavy-duty
Zones: 800kg/m)
HVAC System
Interior: AHU located on

each floor
Perimeter: Air barrier
system with hot water
heater
OA Power Capacity
70VA/m
RESIDENCES AND SERVICE APARTMENTS
The residences on the upper floors (floors 2638) consist of general rental residences and
rental residences with furniture (serviced
apartments). The Prudential Tower is located in
a business district with a strong international
flavour because of the large number of foreign
companies there. Accordingly about 70% of the
125 residences (85 residences) are serviced
apartments.
N
Group No.
RESIDENCES
Group No.
RESIDENCES
Group No.
SERVICE APARTMENTS
Group No.
SERVICE APARTMENTS
Group No.
SERVICE APARTMENTS
SOURCES:
https://www.mori.co.jp/en/proje
cts/prudential/
Group No.
TURNING TORSO
Group No.
STRUCTURE
http://faculty-legacy.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/index_files/courses/arch631/case/2011/TurningTorso.pdf
OFFICE
Group No.3
Sources and Images: Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High-Rise
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
56-storey
259 m (850 ft) in the Innenstadt
districtof Frankfurt, Germany
An antenna spire with a signal light on top gives the tower a
total height of 300.1 m (985 ft)
Commerzbank Tower was

designed by Foster & Partners
Construction of the building
began in 1994
Took three years to complete
The building provides
121,000 m2(1,300,000 sq ft) of
office space for
the Commerzbank headquarter
s
Including winter gardens and
natural lighting and air
circulation
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
PUBLIC AREA FOR

TRANSPORT AND ACCESS
INCLUDING LIFTS,
STARCASE, RESTROOMS,
ETC
ATRIUM
OFFICES
ENTRANCES AND EXITS
GARDENS
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
FLOOR PLAN AND CIRCULATION

FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
It Was the tallest building in Europe at the time of its
completion,
Foster considered the lives of the users, clients, and
neighbors of the building when
formulating his design. Fosters social, economic, and
ecological goals often overlapped. Foster could have
designed a cheaper building than what Commerzbank
is today, but he asked his clients to consider additional
investments to realize long-term gains. The
ecologically friendly design lessens the energy costs
required to maintain
The designers strategy was to
create four-story-tall winter gardens
without the columns, as well as
creating an open floor plan, also
without interruption by columns.
natural daylight and ventilation as
well. .
By spiraling the winter gardens
around the building and creating
twelve story villages, the designer
is able to realize all the project
goals.
Group No.3
Architectural Intent
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Structure
The structural components work together to form this shape and to resist
both gravitational and lateral forces. The three corners of this triangle are
made up of 2 H-section columns connected with large steel link
frames covered with reinforced concrete. These columns carry the load of
the building and transfer it into 101 telescoping piles that bear on the
porous
limestone below.
(Below): Plan diagram

of gravity and lateral
load resisting
members
Perforated Tube Structure

The perforated tube
structure of the
Commerzbank is made
up of two primary structural
elements: the eight-storey
Vierendeel trusses, and the
corner columns. These two
elements provide the
primary gravity and lateral
load
resisting members of the
building. To add stiffness
and
stability to the structure,
every fourth floor is
continuous
throughout the building.
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Vierendeel Frame
The Vierendeel frames are made up of eight

horizontal and
four vertical elements. These horizontal and
vertical
elements work together to distribute loads
equally and
absorb lateral forces.
creating more resistance to wind loads.
The vertical elements are distributed across the

face of the building, but are slightly shifted toward
the corner columns. This way the Vierendeel frame
is able to support both gravity loads and wind
loads.
Construction: The Foundation

The piles were drilled into the ground about 45
meters deep, in order to pass through the clay soil
and embed themselves in the limestone inflata
layer located below. Piled raft foundations
traditionally evenly spread the piles around the
footprint of the building. The new Commerzbank
tower, due to its distribution of loads to the six
mega-columns at the corners of the building, led to
the 111 piles being concentrated at these three
corners rather than evenly through the footprint
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Mega-Column
The mega-columns of the building consist of two vertical steel Hsection members that rise from the foundation to the top of the
building.
The members are stabilized by beams and diagonal bracing and

encased in reinforced concrete. This creates a very light but strong
structure to carry the gravitational loads of the tower.
Consequently, the concrete also acts as a damper to reduce

vibration in the steel from wind.
Shorter construction time.
Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
Atrium Structure
Structural Conjecture
The atrium is defined by a secondary
The structure of the Commerzbank works as a tube to resist
structur that supports the inside
lateral wind loads. This tube functions like a cantilever outedges of the floors. A vertical
of the ground. When resisting gravitational loads, the
member links the eight end beams
structure pushed loads to the perimeter. It is basically
at the
supported by the three corner columns and the Vierendeel
center of the span so that they can
frames. As frame assumes fixed connections, the structure
share the loads on each of the
works as a very large column/beam structure with fixed floors. This vertical member allows
connections.
the end beams to have less depth
without losing resistance to
deflection.
Vertical
members
(Above): The lateral load resisting

structure functions like a cantilever
rising out of the ground. Shear and
moment diagrams for cantilever
Edge beams
(Above): Floor structure showing steel floor beams that

connect
(Above): The perimeter tube formed
Vierendeel frame to courtyard structure as well as
by Vierendeel frames and corner
providing
columns, thus forming tube.
lateral stability.
Looking up through atrium, diagram of edge
Wise, 114
beams and vertical load-sharing members
OFFICE
the number one goal of Fosters design is to create a pleasant work environment for the buildings 2,000+ occupants as a
means of increasing worker productivity.
While this significantly increases up-front building costs of the skyscraper, in the grand scheme of Commerzbanks
expenses, worker salaries significantly outweigh any construction costs over a prolonged period of time. Therefore, it can
be assumed that the documented increases in worker productivity from abundant daylighting and views to the
outside makes Fosters scheme financially justifiable.
Commerzbanks use of the

doughnut plan in conjunction
with the four-story sky
gardens allows for every
office in the building to be
daylit with an
unobstructed view to the
outdoors. Full height
windows and shallow floor
plates ensure that the
amount of natural light
penetrating into the building
is
sufficient enough to
substitute for artificial
lighting through the majority
of the workday.
Frankfurt, Germanys low
solar insolation and diffuse
lighting
Environmental Responses: Daylighting and Views

FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Commerzbank Tower utilizes natural ventilation as a primary means for creating year-round
thermal comfort
When looking at the building section as a whole, it appears as though the entire central atrium
space acts like a giant chimney with air being exhausted out the top of the
The atrium is segmented by glass decks into four twelve-story spaces, each consisting of three
deliberately positioned sky gardens. In this particular scheme, fresh air enters the building
through windward gardens at the bottom of every twelve-story segment, and exhausted out of
leeward gardens at the top of them.
In cold winter conditions, sky garden windows are closed to store heat, but are reopened to let
in desirable
breezes when conditions warm up.
ventilation
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
The use of steel allows for

increased openness and speed
of erection of the frame. The
use of a Vierendeel truss
system, created a standardized
structural frame that could be
prefabricated and simply
assembled on site, as a kit of
parts
Group No.3
CLADDING
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
The exterior glazing to the office spaces integrates structural,
environmental and construction strategies.
The extruded aluminum Aerofoil sections are included in the
glass panels in order to increase the lateral stability of the panels,
allow air ventilation within the double glazed window panel system,
and to avoid rainwater penetration within the interior of the panel
systems.
opened.
ventilation slots are
included allowing air to
enter through the bottom
sill of the insulated glass
and exit at the head. These
slots have been designed
slightly below the opening
casement of the glass in
order to avoid rainwater
penetration.
Exterior Office Glazing Panels

Group No.3
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Structurally, the system consists of a series of vertical bowstring
trusses that are connected to the steel of the floor levels with slip
joints that allow the structure above to deflect and still provide
lateral restraint. The bowstring trusses also integrate the hollow
vertical mullions of the
glazing grid.
Environmentally, the
hollow trusses are filled
with water and
connected to the
buildings heating system.
This transforms them into
large radiators for the
gardens and ensures that
condensation and down
drafts do not occur in the
atrium during winter
months.
Group No.3
Sky Garden Glazing System

FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
OFFICE
Cramer, Ned. Europe's Tallest Tower. Architecture August 97, Vol. 86 Issue 8, p26.
Davey, P. High expectations. The Architectural Review July 97, Vol. 202 Issue 1205, 26.
Davies, Colin ed. Birkhauser and Jenkins, David ed. Norman Foster Works Vol. 4. Munich ; New York : Prestel,
c2002.
Fischer, Volker. Sir Norman Foster and Partners : Commerzbank, Frankfurt am Main. Stuttgart : Axel Menges,
1997.
Lambot, Ian. Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High-Rise. Boston : Watermark Birkhuser,
1997.
Wigginton, Michael, and Jude Harris. Intelligent skins. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.
Group No.3
SOURCES
FACULTY
OF
ACHITECTURE,
MARKET STUDY
SITE MAP IN 2004
Group No.
TIMELINE
SITE MAP IN 2014
GOOGLE EARTH
MARKET STUDY
SITE MAP IN 2004
TIMELINE
SITE MAP IN 2014
INFERENCE: A LITTLE DEVELOPMENT HAS TAKEN PLACE ALL AROUND THE SITE DURING LAST 10 YEARS.
INCLUDING RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC SPACES.
Group No.
GOOGLE EARTH
MARKET STUDY
CURRENT SCENARIO
GROUND
FIRST
SECOND
RESIDENTIAL
20,000
18,000
16,000
INFERED PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

OFFICE-CONDONIUM
14,000
12,000
RESIDENTIAL/
SERVICE
APARTMENTS
10,000
8,000
6,000
60-70%
4,000
2,000
0
PRICE/SQFT
OFFICES
30-40%
COMMERTIAL
MAXIMISE FLOOR-PLATE RATIO
UTILISE GROUND FLOOR TO ITS FULL POTENTIAL
HIGH-END GOOD SHOWROOMS
MEZZANINE FLOORS
Group No.
http://mudamangalore.com/wp-content/uploads/new-maps/DRG%202%20DEMOGRAPHIC.pdf

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Faculty

OFFICE AND SERVICE APARTMENTS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, FIFTH SEMESTER

HIGH RISE STRUCTURE

BUILDING TYPES:The different placement of corridors of the

DEFECIENCIES IN CLOSED OFFICE

Service Apartments and OFFICE

Service Apartments and OFFICE

MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXIT PER FLOOR -2

CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS

CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

TYPICAL HIGH RISE

TYPICAL LOW RISE

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

TYPICAL HIGH RISE

TYPICAL LOW RISE

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

Wrapped in a glass facade with sleek aluminum

CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

The Prudential Tower shares its neighbourhood

Total Floor Area

Steel Frame, CFT

Five subway stations, including the Tokyo Metro

SITE PLAN ,ZONING AND CIRCULATION

Leasable Floor Space

OA Raised Floor Height

Interior: AHU located on

RESIDENCES AND SERVICE APARTMENTS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

Commerzbank Tower was

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

PUBLIC AREA FOR

ENTRANCES AND EXITS

FLOOR PLAN AND CIRCULATION

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

Sources and Images: Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High-Rise

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

(Below): Plan diagram

Perforated Tube Structure

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

The Vierendeel frames are made up of eight

creating more resistance to wind loads.

The vertical elements are distributed across the

Construction: The Foundation

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

The members are stabilized by beams and diagonal bracing and

Consequently, the concrete also acts as a damper to reduce

Shorter construction time.

(Above): The lateral load resisting

(Above): Floor structure showing steel floor beams that

Commerzbanks use of the

Environmental Responses: Daylighting and Views

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER

The use of steel allows for

Sources and Images: Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High-Rise