Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
"Filippo Taglioni." Ballerina Biographies. N.p., 4 July 2012. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
I used this website to find a primary source portrait of Filippo Taglioni, Italian ballet
master, and father of Marie Taglioni.
"Victoria and Albert Museum.", Digital Media Webmaster@vam.ac.uk. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Sept. 2015.
From this website, I found two paintings of Marie Taglioni, one of the first dancers to dance
on pointe both of her most famous role: La Sylphide. I used this painting as a dominant
photo on my website. I also found a painting by Edgar Degas of a ballerina. It is unknown
what exact ballet it was, but you can tell it was a Romantic ballet because of the costume
and when it was painted.
Marie Taglioni. 1852. Uffzi Gallery, Florence, Italy. Enciclopedia Delle Donne. Web. 13 Feb.
2016.
From this Italian encyclopedia, I found a portrait of Marie Taglioni to use in the exploration
portion of my website. I also found a painting of Carlotta Grisi in Giselle that I used in my
encounter section. I also used this source to find a lithograph of Carlotta Grisi in Giselle for
my Encounter section.
"Carlotta Grisi." IstriaNet.org. N.p., 16 Nov. 2009. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
I used this site to find a primary source painting of Carlotta Grisi for historical context
section. It is a portrait of her alone instead of having the corps de ballet surrounding her.

Godzina, Natalia. "Marie Taglioni Charms Russia." Ballet in Russia- History of Russian Ballet.
N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2016.
I found an original playbill from the 1600s when Chirologia premiered at the renaissance
courts in Italy. I used it in my timeline. As well as a playbill from Pas de Quatre(1845) to
use on my home page.
"The Collection." Government Art Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2015.
On this online art gallery I found an engraving of Marie Taglioni dancing in the ballet La
Sylphide. This engraving depicts one of the first ballets that Taglioni danced in, and is
often called the first work of the Romantic Ballet.
Pas De Deux Playbill. 1845. Uffzi Gallery, Italy, Florence, Italy. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag.
ProQuest Online. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
I used this primary source in my home page slide show to give an example of a playbill
from this time.
Steingard, Elena. "Louis XIV - the Sun King: Gallery." Louis XIV - the Sun King: Gallery. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.
I used this site for my historical context section. I found a painting of King Louis XIV in
his dancing role The Sun King from Ballet De La Nuit. This role is where he earned his
famous nickname. I also a dancer from the seventeenth century which I used for my
historical context section.

"What's up." WhimWhim.org. Seattle Ballet Company, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2015.
I used this website to view a painting of La Sylphide from the Romantic Era. It showed

the full Corps de Ballet instead of just the principal dancer(s). That is why the image
fascinated me Almost all of the paintings from the time only depicted the lead.
Secondary Sources
Articles
Anderson, Jack. "Critic's Notebook: Choreographing the Past, Without Any Jokes." The New York
Times 2 Apr. 1990: 1-3. Print.
I used this source to read about Pas de Quatre and the types of choreography at the time. I
used two quotes from this in my exploration section.
Dunning, Jennifer. "A Toast to the Toe Shoe." The New York Times 26 Aug. 1984: 1-5. Print.
I used this source to read about the changes and effects of pointe technique throughout

the

nineteenth century. I used two quotes from this source in my exploration, and historical
context sections.
Hommand, Sandra Noll. "Searching for the Sylph: Documentation of Early Developments in
Pointe Technique." Congress on Research in Dance. Congress on Research in Dance, n.d.Print 16 Dec. 2015.
I was recommended this article by Dr. Linda Tomko at University California Riverside. It
helped me understand the early developments of pointe techniques, and its evolution
throughout the nineteenth century. I used multiple quotes from this source on all sections of
my website.
Kisselgoff, Anna. "Taglioni and Elssler Were 19th Century Superstars."Dance View (6 May
1984): n. pag. The New York Times. The New York Times. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.
I used this source to read more about Marie Taglioni, and her effects on the rest of Europe at
her time. I used one quote in my exploration section.

Books
Homans, Jennifer. Apollo's Angels: A History of Ballet. New York: Random House, 2010. Print.
From this secondary source, I read about ballet from the French Revolution to the twentieth
century ballet in the era of George Balanchine. I used multiple quotes from this source on
my website throughout all of the sections of exploration, encounter and exchange. I also
used a few primary source photos and paintings from the book.
Newman, Barbara. The Illustrated Book of Ballet Stories. N.p.: DK, n.d. 23-31. Print.
I used this book to read the original stories of the ballets: Giselle, Swan Lake, The
Nutcracker, and Coppelia. I also used to read into why pointe work was so loved by the
audience. It helped me understand what kind of stories choreographers told the audience. I
used multiple quotes from this source in many parts of my website. I also used this book to
find a picture of the Spanish dancers from The Nutcracker that I plan comparing the
costumes and choreography to La Sylphide in the exchange portion of my website.

Interviews
Foster, Susan. Personal interview. 28 Oct. 2015.
I interviewed Dr. Susan Foster at University California Los Angeles. She is a professor in
dance history and choreography. She told me more about the choreography and stage
technologies that were used to create a more entertaining story, and the cultural exchanges

that occurred to tell a more entertaining story. I used quotes from her in all sections of my
website.
Homans, Jennifer. Phone Interview 25 Nov. 2015
I interviewed Dr. Jennifer Homans at New York University.She explained to me why they
started changing the way ballets were performed and what they started they change. She also
explained the social and political components to a Romantic ballet. I used multiple quotes
from her on my website.
Tomko, Linda. Personal Interview. 29 Oct. 2015.
I interviewed Dr. Linda Tomko at University California Riverside. She explained to me the
different characteristics of the Romantic ballet, and about the encounters that dancers faced.
She also explained the attitude towards women at the time of the Romantic ballet, Giselle. I
used multiple quotes from her all over my website.
Photos
"En Pointe with Houston Ballet." En Pointe with Houston Ballet. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov.
2015.
I used this secondary source to find photos of the modern day productions of Giselle, Don
Quixote, and La Sylphide for many portions of my website.

Giselle. 2012. The New York Times.com. Web. 9 Nov. 2015.

From this source I found my header photo. It is the modern day version of the Willis scene
from Giselle.
"La Sylphide Photo Gallery." PA ballet. Pennsylvania Ballet, n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

I used this site for a photo of the modern day La Sylphide in the exchange portion of my
website, and in the exploration portion of my website. It is a comparison to the painting of
Carlotta Grisi in La Sylphide in 1843.
Giselle. N.d. Richardcalmesballetphotography. By Richard Calmes. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
I used this source to find my second favorite photo on my site. I used it in the slideshow on
my homepage. It is a photo of a gorgeous Gran Jete` leap(literal meaning: large throw, I leap
that is a full split in the air) from the modern day production of Giselle.
"Visual Opulence Crowns Splendid Dancing of Houston Ballet's GISELLE."The Peoples Critic.
I used this website to find a photo of the most famous scene from Giselle: The Dance of the
Willis. It is the most famous because of its difficult technical elements, and the amazing
formations the dancers create. I used this image on my historical impact page.
Rocco, Claudia La. "Tilting at Windmills, of Course, but Gazing at Cupids, Too The New York ."
Times. The New York Times, 06 Feb. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2015.
I used this website to find a picture of the modern day version of the Romantic Ballet: Don
Quixote. I plan to use this on my home page to show that the Romantic era ballets are still
alive today.

Sullivan, John. "San Francisco Ballet-Giselle." Culture Vulture. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2015
I used this site to find a photo of the famous betrayal scene from Giselle. It depicts the
modern day production using the original choreography from 1841. The famous betrayal
scene is always a very dramatic scene and Im using this photo as an example of lighting
technology for my exploration portion.
Websites

"History of Ballet-Romantic Ballet." Australian Ballet. Australian Ballet, n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2015.
I used this secondary source to learn more about the characteristics of the Romantic Ballet
and some of the choreographers at the time. I used quotes from this source in the exploration
portion of my website. I also found images from this site of the modern day production of
The Nutcracker for the exchange portion of my website.
"Tracing Ballet's Cultural History Over 400 Years:The Influence of European Monarchs on
Classical Ballet. Article Myriad. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
From this website I read an interview with Jennifer Homans, author of the book Apollos
Angels. She described the effect on ballet that the French Revolution had and why it was
dangerous to be a dancer. She also described how ballet was affected even after the French
Revolution. I used these quotes on in my encounter portion.

"Ballerina Biographies - Marie Taglioni." Balletclassroom. N.p., 30 Mar. 2012.

Web. 21 Oct. 2015.
I used this website to read more about one of the most famous ballerinas in history, Marie
Taglioni. She was one of the first ballerinas to practice pointe work and perform a more
extravagant dance style to the Paris Opera audiences. I used multiple quotes about her
innovations in training and in pointe work in the exploration portion of my website. I also
used this site to find a primary source painting of the ballet La Sylphide, and compare it to
The Nutcracker, as well as finding a quote from Margot Fonteyn to use on my home page.

Godzina, Natalia. "Marie Taglioni Charms Russia." Ballet in Russia- History of Russian Ballet.
N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2016.
I used this source to read more about Marie Taglionis impact on Russian ballet. I used a
photo of a playbill for La Sylphide and possibly will use a quote about her impact on
Russia.
"Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre." A Brief History of Ballet. Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre, n.d.
Web. 20 Sept. 2015.
I used this secondary source to learn about the origins of ballet, the Romantic era of ballet,
and the change of ballet throughout the 19th century. I plan to use multiple quotes from this
source on my website. I also used a photo of the modern day Coppelia ballet (originally
performed in 1870) to put in my encounter portion of my site. I also found a photo of
modern day pointe shoes to use as a comparison to Marie Taglionis shoes, as well as a
photo of the modern day Don Quixote.

Smith, Marian. "Giselle." ProQuest Index of the Arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
2000. Web. 12 Feb. 2016.
I used this source to read a compare and contrast article comparing the modern day Giselle to
the original. The article explained the elements of the original ballet that were lost due to
revivals of the ballet over the centuries. I used one quote from this source on my site.