INTRODUCTION

Fisheries sector in India has witnessed an impressive growth from a subsistence

traditional activity to iI well developed commercial and diversified enterprise.
The fisheries sector has been playing a pivotal role in the Indian economic
development by virtue of its potential contribution to employment generation,
income augmentation, addressing food and nutrional security concern and forex
earnings. Over the last two decades the fisheries sector emerged-as one of the
fastest growing food sectors in the world. Growing urbanisation,globalisation
and changing social structure had a major impact on the fisheries scenario of the
country. I norder to sustatin the faster growth, developmental projects and
programmes need to be formulated, implemented and managed scientifically.

Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture. Fish farming involves raising
fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. There are two kinds
of aquaculture: extensive aquaculture based on local photosynthetic production
and intensive aquaculture, in which the fish are fed with external food supply.
The management of these two kinds of aquaculture systems is completely
different.

India is a large producer of inland fish, ranking next only to Japan. Out of the
total inland fish production of over 3.6 million metric tons, more than 60% is
contributed by fish culture in ponds and reservoirs. The average productivity
from ponds on the national level is around 2,500 kg/ha/year, though in Andhra
Pradesh and Haryana it is more than 5,000 kg/ha/year, while in some other
states like Bihar and UP it is anywhere between 1,500 and 2,500 kg/ha/year.
Fish culture is adopted by all kinds of farmers small and marginal ones,
relatively larger farmers and those who do it on commercial scale.

Coastal aquaculture is a significant contributor to aquaculture production. This

is mainly composed of shrimps (Penaeus monodon and P. Indicus) and other
species cultured like lobster, crab, molluscan (edible oyster, pearl oyster, mussel
and clam), sea cucumber, marine finfish (mullets, groupers, seabass, milkfish

and pearlspot) and seaweed. Among these culture systems, the yield, operating
cost and net profit from shrimp farming are highest. The yield from shrimp
farming is around (3.12 t/ha), followed by polyculture of mud crab farming
(1.14 t/ha crabs and 0.7 t/ha milkfish), edible oyster farming (0.8 t/ha meats)
and monoculture of mud crab farming (0.78 t/ha crabs).

The major freshwater farming environments in India are pond, cage, pen, rice
field, sewage feed and air breathing. Polyculture is the dominant culture system
practiced. The major species are carp, freshwater prawn and catfish. Basically
India's aquaculture is carp-oriented and the contribution of other species is
marginal. Fish culture in India can be classified as extensive, semi-intensive or
intensive and stocking rate is high at 18,408 fish/ha. The average yield varies
according to species group, level of input use and intensity level. Cost structure
is primarily composed of lease cost of the water body, cost of inputs (fertilizer,
seed, and feed), management and harvesting. Lease value varies according to
the fertility and property and management regimes of the water body. The cost
of inputs varies according to intensity of their use across different technologies
in accordance with requirements. Both the central and state governments have
come up with schemes to help the cause of the farmers. The aquaculture
production contributes greatly to the Indian exports.Of the total exports,
European Union countries accounted for 35 percent, Japan 16 percent and the
US 13 percent. Indias share in global marine product market is about two
percent. With good demand in the overseas markets and changing consumption
patterns in the Japanese market, exports of seafood from India are expected to
grow in the coming years.

Fish culture is practiced in less than 30 percent of the total areas available. With
an abundance of freshwater resources, India has still not been able to tap even
30% of the potential area for inland fish production. This sector has a potential
to create huge market, provided fish cultivation is done on a scientific basis
General Information
Fish farming or pisciculture is the principal form of aquaculture, while other
methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish
commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that

releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a
species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide,
the
most
important
fish
species
used
in
fish
farming
are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in
widespread overfishing in wild fisheries, China holding 62 percent of the
world's fish farming practice. Fish farming offers fish marketers another source.
However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce
pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually
fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for
fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth
about $US 60 billion. In 2005, aquaculture represented 40% of the 157.5
million tons of seafood that was produced, meaning that it has become a critical
part of our world's food source even though the industry is still technically in its
'infancy' and didn't really become well known until the 1970s. Because of this
rise in aquaculture, there has been a rise in the per capita availability of seafood
globally within the last few decades.

BUSINESS MODEL
UNIT/NO OF
FISH

cost

food

Total investment

500

500X3=1,500

500*2=1000

2000

FOR PRODUCTION OF 500 FISHES:

BREADIN
G
SELLING
PROFIT

QTY

UNIT
PRICE(N)

AMOUNT(
N)

food

500
FISHES
400
FISHES

1500

1000

Total
investme
nt
2500

100

40000

40000
37500

TARGET MARKET
The target market will be the nearest local market , hotels and
restaurant . Then it can be exported to the to nearest cities.