Untiletled

UN-TILE-TLED
A Mathematical Investigation on Quadrilaterals
Presented to:
AMELIA K. MALILAY
Mathematics 9
DINA ROSE I. FRANCISCO
Research 3
LILIBETH R. BUSTAMANTE
English 9
Presented by:
MARIEFHER GRACE Z. VILLANUEVA
DLEAMNOR EURAZE M. CAWALING
ALLYSON G. FLORES
JAN JOAN C. ILIO
SHERLENE T. REBUCAN
KATHLEEN KAYE F. UNTAYAO
I.
INTRODUCTION
Every one of us is surrounded by space. And that space has its practical effect upon the
world. It contains a lot of things that have shapes that determines the way it works. Geometry is
concerned with the nature of these shapes, how it is defined, and what it teaches us about the world
at large, from math to architecture to biology to astronomy and everything in between. Geometry is
a word from the Ancient Greek, geo which means earth, and metron which means
measurement. It is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative
position of figures, and the properties of space. One of the most common type of geometry is a
Plane Geometry. It is about dealing with flat shapes like the point, line, circle, triangle,
and polygon.
In this study, the investigators focused on the square or tile, which is 4-sided flat shape
where all sides have equal length, and every interior angle is a right angle (90). The investigators
explored how shapes grow and look at the relationship between the arrangements of a quadrilateral
inside the tiles and how they grow. The quadrilateral is formed by midpoints of combined tiles. As
the tile increases, the quadrilateral gets bigger and the number of interior and exterior tiles covering
the figure also increases. This study aims to find the interior and exterior tiles given at each figure
every time when adding a new layer of tiles to each exposed surface of the previous shape.
This investigation tends to help the engineers and homeowners on how to solve the exterior
and interior tiles when forming a quadrilateral on a larger scale. This can be applied in real life
situation when you need or form the quadrilateral pattern on a floor tile for house designs and
ordering the right amount of tiles needed without excess to save money. The study is significant
because the conjectures discovered in this investigation will give them simple, easy and practical
formula in solving this problem. This can also be beneficial to other investigators for them to come
up with other essential studies.
1
Situation:
Consider the figures below. A quadrilateral is formed through the midpoints of four tiles (squares)
compressed to each other. For the next illustrations, each exposed side of the squares of equal sizes
has been added by another layer of tiles of the same size and another quadrilateral with a larger size
is formed through their midpoints.
Investigate.
II.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The mathematical investigation entitled Un-tile-tled sought to find the number of interior
and exterior squares of the quadrilateral connected by their midpoints by using the formula that will
be derived by the investigators and also to find the relationship between the two.
Specifically, it sought to answer the question:
1. What is the number of exterior tiles in each figure?
2. What is the number of interior tiles in each figure?
3. What is the relationship of the number of exterior and interior tiles of each figure?
III.
CONJECTURE
We all have struggles in life, thats what some people say and to be honest, math is one of
the struggles that people concern about, especially the students. But also, as people say, struggles
make us stronger and we can learn from it. One of the investigators had these struggles once,
when her mother was confined to the hospital for certain causes. While she is in watch for her
mother, she saw a tile decoration which inspired her to come up with the mathematical investigation
regarding quadrilaterals within squares.
2
A certain number of tiles (squares) are drawn at each figure where a quadrilateral is formed
through their midpoints. The investigators will derive a formula for finding the total number of
interior and exterior tiles by the quadrilateral at a given figure.
Tiles
Figure
No. of exterior tiles

(te)
16
36
64
100
n
---
Using the formula

te= 2 (k )(k +1)
12
12
24
24
40
40
te= 2 (k )(k +1)
Table 1
Based on table number 1, the investigators have observed that the formula for triangular
numbers can also be applied in finding the number of exterior tiles and multiply it by 4 for the tiles
in the corners that are exterior to the quadrilateral. But instead of using the equation t e= 4
( k ) (k +1)
, the investigators simplified the formula to te= 2(k)(k+1).
2
Conjecture 1: The formula for deriving the number of exterior tiles (te) is te= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) .
Where n= the total number of tiles
te= the number of exterior tiles
Tiles
Figure
No. of interior tiles
Using the formula

t = 2 ( k ) ( k +1 )
i
16
36
64
100
n
---
12
12
24
24
40
40
ti= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 )
k= the kth term in a triangular number
Table 2
4
Based on table number 2, the investigators have observed that the formula for finding the
number of interior tiles is the same to Conjecture 1. They realize that the formula for triangular
numbers can also be applied in finding the number of interior tiles.
Conjecture 2: The formula for deriving the number of interior tiles (ti) is ti= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) .
Where n= the total number of tiles
to= the number of interior tiles
Conjecture 3: The relationship between the number of interior and exterior tiles is equal.
After the results of the 1st and 2nd conjectures, the investigators have observed that the
number of interior and exterior tiles is always equal to each other at a given figure.
IV.
Tiles
Exterior tiles
Interior tiles
16
36
12
12
64
24
24
100
40
40
TESTIFYING/ VERIFYING CONJECTURES

In the first five figures, a certain number of tiles were drawn together and a quadrilateral
was formed for each figure through their midpoints. The number of tiles exterior by the
quadrilateral were then counted manually and compared to the results using the formula
te= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) . The process on how to solve for te is included to verify the conjecture.
1st Figure
5
By manual counting:
n has a total of 0 exterior tiles (te)

tu = 0
n=4
By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

To find k, we use the equation k=
n2
. Therefore, k=
42
2
22 0
=
2
2
=0
te= 2(0)(0+1) = 2(0)(1) = 2 0= 0

2nd Figure
By manual counting:
tu = 4
n = 16
n2
. Therefore, k=
162
2
42 2
=
2
2
te= 2(1)(1+1) = 2(2) = 4
3rd Figure
By manual counting:
n has a total of 12 exterior tiles (tu)

tu = 12
n = 36
=1

n2
. Therefore, k=
362
2
62 3
=
2
2
=2
te= 2 (2)( 2+ 1) = 4 3 = 12
4th Figure
By manual counting:

tu = 24
n = 64

n2
. Therefore, k=
642
2
82 6
=
2
2
=3
te= 2 (3)(3+1) = 6 4 = 24
5th Figure
By manual counting:
n = 100
tu = 40

n2
. Therefore, k=
te= 2 (4 )(4+ 1) := 8 5 = 40
1002
2
102 8
=
2
2
=4
In each figure, the number of interior tiles of the quadrilateral was counted manually and
compared the result of the formula. Using the formula ti= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 )
1st Figure
By manual counting:
n has a total of 0 interior tiles (ti)

ti = 0
n=4
By using the formula ti= 2 (k )(k +1) :
n2
. Therefore, k=
42
2
22 0
=
2
2
=0
ti= 2(0)(0+1) = 2(0)(1) = 2 0= 0
2nd Figure
By manual counting:

ti = 4
n = 16

n2
. Therefore, k=
ti= 2(1)(1+1) = 2(2) = 4

3rd Figure
By manual counting:
8
tu = 12
162
2
42 2
=
2
2
=1

ti = 12
n = 36

n2
. Therefore, k=
362
2
62 3
=
2
2
=2
ti= 2 (2)(2+ 1) = 4 3 = 12
4th Figure
By manual counting:

ti = 24
n = 64

n2
. Therefore, k=
642
2
82 6
=
2
2
ti= 2 (3)(3+1) = 6 4 = 24
5th Figure
By manual counting:

ti = 40
9
=3
n = 100

n2
2
. Therefore, k=
1002
2
102 8
=
2
2
=4
ti= 2 (4 )(4+ 1) := 8 5 = 40
The investigators have observed that there is a relationship between the number of interior
and exterior tiles which is equal.
4th Figure
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Let the red dots be the exterior tiles (te) of the quadrilateral
Let the blue dots be the interior tiles (ti) of the quadrilateral
For the illustrations above, here are the results:
Tiles
Exterior
Interior
Fig. 1
6
6
Fig. 2
6
6
10
Fig. 3
6
6
Fig. 4
6
6
5th Figure
Tiles
Exterior
Interior
V.
Fig. 1
10
10
Fig. 2
10
10
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
10
10
Fig. 4
10
10
PROVING/JUSTIFYING CONJECTURES
To prove and justify Conjecture 1, the formula t i= 2(k)(k+1) is used to find the number of
exterior tiles (te) in a figure. The results then would be justified through reasoning.
Finding the number of exterior tiles (te)
3rd Figure

te = 12
11
n=36
te= 2 (k )(k +1) :
n2
2
. Therefore, k=
362
2
62 3
=
2
2
=2
te= 2 (2)( 2+ 1) = 4 3 = 12
To justify Conjecture 1, the researchers are going to use the concept of triangular numbers
by Friedrich Gauss in relation to the investigation. According to Weisstein E., the triangular number
tn is a figurate number that can be represented in the form of a triangular grid of points where the
first row contains a single element and each subsequent row contains one more element than the
previous one.
Therefore, the sequence generated would be:

let n be the number of layers
n = 1: 1 dot
n = 4: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4= 10 dots
n = 2: 1 + 2= 3 dots
n = 5: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4+5= 15 dots
n = 3: 1 + 2 + 3= 6 dots
and so on...
The investigators saw the relationship between their figure and the triangular numbers. By
dividing the figure into 4 equal parts, the concept of triangular numbers can be applied.
12
Fig.
1
Fig.
2
Fig.
3
In the illustration above, Fig. 1 has been divided into 4 equal parts as shown into Fig. 2. For
each part, all exterior tiles have been marked by a dot like in the triangular numbers. In the
sequence of triangular numbers, let Fig. 3 be n=2 where n is the number of layers and is composed
of 3 dots. Then, multiply the number of dots to the number of parts of the figure which is 4 where
we will get 12 dots (b) and the value is the same to the number of exterior tiles derived from the
formula (a).
To prove Conjecture 1 further:
4th Figure
n has a total of exterior tiles (te)

te = 24

n2
te= 2 (3)(3+1) = 6 4 = 24 a
Concept of triangular numbers
. Therefore, k=
642
2
82 6
=
2
2
=3
n=3; wbere n is the number of layers of the squares

With respect to the sequence of triangular numbers, n=3 is equal to 1+2+3 which is 6. To
find the total number of dots, multiply the number of dots in a one divided part to the total number
of parts which is 4. Therefore, 6 4 = 24(b) dots and is equal to the value derived from the
formula.
5th Figure

tu = 40
n = 100

n2
2
. Therefore, k=
a
te= 2 (4 )(4+ 1) := 8 5 = 40
n=4; where n is the number of layers of squares
1002
2
102 8
=
2
2
=4
In the sequence, n=4: 1+2+3+4=10 dots

To find the total number of dots: 10 4 = 40 dots
a=
If a=b, then in this case, the conjecture The formula for deriving the number of exterior
tiles (t ) is t = 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) is proven to be true.
e
To prove and justify Conjecture 2, the formula t i= 2(k)(k+1) is used to find the number of
interior tiles (ti) in a figure. In this conjecture, if a is equal to b then the formula ti=2(k)(k+1) is
justified.
Finding the number of interior tiles (ti)
3rd Figure

tu = 12
te= 2 (k )(k +1) :
n = 36
n2
. Therefore, k=
362
2
62 3
=
2
2
=2
ti= 2 (2)(2+ 1) = 4 3 = 12
a
Like the justification for Conjecture 1, the justification for Conjecture 2 is also through the
concept of triangular numbers.
n=2; wbere n is the number of layers of the squares

In the sequence, n=3:1+2= 3 dots
To find the total number of dots: 3 4= 12 dots
4th Figure

tu = 24
n = 64
n2
a
ti= 2 (3)(3+1) = 6 4 = 24
. Therefore, k=
642
2
82 6
=
2
2
=3
In=4; where n is the number of layers of the squares

In the sequence, n=3:1+2+3= 6 dots
To find the total number of dots: 6 4= 24 dots
5th Figure

ti = 40
n = 100

n2
2
. Therefore, k=
a
ti= 2 (4 )(4+ 1) := 8 5 = 40
n=4; where n is the number of layers of squares

In the sequence, n=4: 1+2+3+4=10 dots
To find the total number of dots: 10 4 = 40 dots
a=
1002
2
102 8
=
2
2
=4
If a=b, then in this case, the conjecture The formula for deriving the number of exterior
tiles (te) is te= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) is proven to be true.
If a=b, then in this case, the conjecture The formula for deriving the number of interior tiles
(te) is te= 2 ( k ) ( k +1 ) is proven to be true.
In justifying Conjecture 3, the investigators used visual proofing to prove the conjecture.
4th Figure
n=64
Tiles
Exterior
Interior
Fig. 1
6
6
Fig. 2
6
6
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
6
6
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
6
6
Statements
Fig. 1 Fig.2
Fig. 2 Fig.3
Fig. 1 Fig.3
Fig. 2 Fig.4
Fig. 1 Fig. 4
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
All sides are congruent
5th Figure
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 3
Tiles
Exterior
Interior
Fig. 1
10
10
Fig. 2
10
10
Fig. 4
Fig. 3
10
10
Fig. 3
Fig. 1
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
10
10
Fig. 4
Fig. 2
Fig. 4
Statements
Fig. 1 Fig.2
Fig. 2 Fig.3
Fig. 1 Fig.3
Fig. 2 Fig.4
Fig. 1 Fig. 4
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
All sides are congruent
If all sides are congruent, then the number of dots is also equal to each other. Therefore, the
conjecture that the relation between the number of exterior and interior tiles are proven to be true
VI.
SUMMARY
The mathematical investigation entitled UN-TILE-TLED explored the mathematical

patterns and properties of quadrilaterals. The tables and examples were presented and verified to
determine the relationship between the number of interior tiles and the number of exterior tiles. The
investigation primarily aims to derive the formula for finding the number of interior and exterior
tiles and their relationship to each other. Based on the result of the investigation, the following
conjectures were formulated:
Furthermore, the formula and the relationship was tested on the first five figures and its
result was compared to the actual number of exterior and interior tiles through manual counting and
different concepts. Different examples were given and tested to justify the formula. The results of
the number of exterior and interior tiles compared to different solutions are both the same, and this
proved that the formula can be used to find the te and ti and their relationship to each other.
All in all, this study can be applied in real life in the form of architecture and interior
designs in houses, and tiles, and in forms of academic, specifically mathematic investigations and
problems.
VII.
POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS
In view of the aforementioned results and findings regarding quadrilaterals within squares, it
is recommended that further investigation may be conducted to find the formula for t s which is the
number of tiles the line of the quadrilateral intersects and the area it covers in a figure.

Untiletled

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UN-TILE-TLED

A Mathematical Investigation on Quadrilaterals

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

No. of exterior tiles

Using the formula

No. of interior tiles

Using the formula

k= the kth term in a triangular number

TESTIFYING/ VERIFYING CONJECTURES

n has a total of 0 exterior tiles (te)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

te= 2(0)(0+1) = 2(0)(1) = 2 0= 0

te= 2(1)(1+1) = 2(2) = 4

n has a total of 12 exterior tiles (tu)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 24 exterior tiles (tu)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 40 exterior tiles (tu)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 0 interior tiles (ti)

ti= 2(0)(0+1) = 2(0)(1) = 2 0= 0

n has a total of 4 interior tiles (ti)

By using the formula ti= 2 (k )(k +1) :

ti= 2(1)(1+1) = 2(2) = 4

n has a total of 12 interior tiles (ti)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 24 interior tiles (ti)

By using the formula ti= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 40 interior tiles (ti)

By using the formula ti= 2 (k )(k +1) :

n has a total of 12 exterior tiles (te)

Therefore, the sequence generated would be:

n has a total of exterior tiles (te)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

Concept of triangular numbers

n=3; wbere n is the number of layers of the squares

n has a total of 40 exterior tiles (tu)

By using the formula te= 2 (k )(k +1) :

Concept of triangular numbers

n=4; where n is the number of layers of squares

In the sequence, n=4: 1+2+3+4=10 dots

n has a total of 12 exterior tiles (tu)

To find k, we use the equation k=

Concept of triangular numbers

n=2; wbere n is the number of layers of the squares

n has a total of 24 exterior tiles (tu)

Concept of triangular numbers

In=4; where n is the number of layers of the squares

n has a total of 40 interior tiles (ti)

By using the formula ti= 2 (k )(k +1) :

Concept of triangular numbers

n=4; where n is the number of layers of squares

The mathematical investigation entitled UN-TILE-TLED explored the mathematical

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