CIP - Katalozni zapis 0 publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica, Ljubljana

027 .54( 497.4 ):09 09:027.54( 497.4)

NARODNA in univerzitetna knjizruca (Ljubljana)

Treasures of the National and University Library of Ljubljana / [texts by Mihael Glavan ... let al.] ; edited by Mihael Glavan; English translation Polona Glavan; photographs by Milan Stupar. Zvone Pelko. Branko Cvetkovic]. - 1 st ed. - Ljubljana:

National and University Library. 2003

ISBN'961-6162-91-8

1. GI. sty. nasI. 2. Glavan. Mihael 126000640

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

National and University Library Ljubljana

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

Ljubljana 2003

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

CONTENTS

National and University Library in Ljubljana

Lenart Setinc ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7

TREASURES OF THE NATIONAL AND UI\IIVERSITY LIBRARY OF SLOVENIA

Mihael Glavan ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• 9

I. MEDIEVAL CIVILISATION AND CULTURE IN SLOVENIA

Mihael Glavan ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12

1. Medieval Latin Codices Written or Used in Slovenia 12

2. Cyrillic and Glagolitic Medieval Monuments 20

3. Slovenian Medieval Manuscripts 26

4. Incunabula

Marijan Rupert 28

II. SLOVEN IAN LITERATURE IN MANUSCRIPTS AND BOOKS

Mihael Glavan •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 34

1. Folk Literature 34

2. The Beginnings and the Rise of Siovenian Books in the 16th Century 38

3. Milestones in Siovenian Literature from the 1Th to the 20th Century 44

III. EARLY SLOVENIAN

SCIENTISTS OF WORLDWIDE REPUTATION

Mihael Glavan ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56

IV. CARTOGRAPHIC AND PICTORIAL TREASURES

Renata Solar ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 72

V. fVlUSICAL TREASURES

Borut Loparnik ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 92

Selected Bibliography 100

(~ (

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

National and University Library Ljubljana

A National Library is an irreplaceable treasury of the spiritual creativity of a nation and an important symbol of modern statehood. It reflects the social environment and the cultural level, as well as having a significant impact on education, science, culture and thus on the development of any country. The beginnings of the Siovenian National Library predicted Siovenian statehood almost two hundred years ago! In 1807, the forerunner of the National and University Library, the Lyceum Library, was granted the right to acquire legal deposit of all prints (slovenica) from the territory of Carniola. The library material obtained in this way was the most significant cultural acquisition and made the greatest contribution in supplementing the precious funds of the Siovenian National Library. Another historical source of library material, which is of no less significance and includes some of the most important treasures ofthe library, has been the acquisition of private library collections and legacies. The Kopitar's and Zois' collections are the two largest, and they represent the core of old prints and manuscripts preserved in the Siovenian National Library.

In addition to the acquisition, processing and safe keeping of written cultural heritage documenting Sloven ian spiritual creativity and national sovereignty, the tasks of the Siovenian National Library also include the protection and preservation of cultural heritage endangered by ageing, and the presentation of the most important treasures of the Sloven ian nation to the domestic and international public through classic and electronic media. The National and University Library therefore participates in several international projects (TEL - The European Library, LEAF - Linking and Exploring Authority Files ... ) whose aim is to make the European and global heritage accessible to the global cultural public on the Internet. It has already transformed into electronic form Kopitar's collection of Slavic codices, a part of cartographic and photographic materials, musical recordings etc. The present monograph, in printed and electronic forms in Siovenian and English, is also an element in the mosaic of presentation of the Siovenian cultural heritage.

All libraries preserving written cultural heritage are confronted with the demanding task of protecting endangered materials for future generations. Aided by international projects, experts research, they test and propose different protection methods. Restoration, conservation, maintaining appropriate storage conditions, deacidification of paper and transferring the contents of endangered materials to other media (microfilming, digitisation ... ) are necessary, but professionally demanding and expensive procedures. The process of material preservation in future decades thus sets the National and University Library, as well as the state of Slovenia, a comprehensive and necessary task, the aim of which is to preserve the treasures presented in the monograph, Treasures of the National and University Library in Ljubljana), as well as the entire collection of slovenica, for future generations.

mag. Lenart Setinc Library Director

7

TREASURES OF THE NATIONAL AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF SLOVENIA

The National and University Library of Slovenia (called NUK since 1945) is the oldest (its beginnings dating from 1774) national establishment whose basic mission is permanently to store original manuscripts, prints and other materials documenting the creative powers of our nation and, since 1991, our own state. The Siovenian identity has always been, and will remain, an element of the broader, European and global community. It does not only benefit from this community but also contributes to it from its folk, scientific and artistic creativity. Its rich funds, a major part of the Sloven ian written cultural legacy, are presented in this publication to domestic and international visitors in a compact overview, stressing especially the older treasures.

The publication is conceived in five substantive clusters: medieval culture and civilisation in Slovenia, milestones in Siovenian artistic literature, Siovenian scientists of worldwide reputation, cartographic and pictorial treasures, and musical treasures. Some funds, e.g. manuscript. cartographic and pictorial, and musical, are held in the library in individual collections, and their presentations are therefore made from this aspect, while most materials of particular interest in terms of content, development or documentary value, are a part of the entire fund of NUK; this explains the slightly different methodological approaches in their description. We are aware that no selection can be the only valid one, so we consider the given groups of materials to be cores which can be supplemented and expanded should we get an opportunity to create a more comprehensive monograph on our library treasu~es. Each group opens with a short but comprehensive foreword, providing readers or potential visitors with essential information on the field, and introducing them to possible specialist studies. Pictorial materials provide an image of the exterior, frontispiece or other typical pages of the most outstanding examples from individual groups.

The first group, presenting medieval culture and civilisation in Slovenia, is divided into four parts: medieval Latin codices created or used in Slovenia, Cyrillic and Glagolitic medieval manuscript monuments, Sloven ian medieval manuscripts and incunabula collected in our library. The presentation therefore begins with manuscript books in the universal language of science and culture of the time - Latin, expands to the common Slavic literacy, links it with contemporary early records in Siovenian and supplements it with incunabula used in Slovenia or which are partly products of Sloven ian creativity. Naturally, all the presented works are invaluable in both the cultural and material sense.

The next chapter presents the milestones of Sloven ian artistic literature in manuscripts and printed books, from folk literature to modern literature of the 20th century. Due to the extent of the materials, the selection is extremely strict, noting only the outstanding examples, which render Sloven ian literary achievements equal to those of Europe, and special rarities meeting the criteria of written monuments.

The cycle on earlier Siovenian scientists of worldwide reputation aims at the presentation of Siovenian scientific creativity and its contribution to the universal culture. Siovenians are eager and proud to emphasise their participation in foreign universities and courts through the centuries, their contribution to the economic and

8

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

9

technological progress of the global civilisation. The chosen names and works document and materialise these achievements.

Especially interesting and attractive to specialists and connoisseurs, but also to the broader public, which may only be beginning to get acquainted with our funds, are the last two groups: cartographic and pictorial treasures, and musical treasures. The former contains the most typical and attractive maps of the world, Europe and our lands, and places them in the context of European cartography. The foreword to musical treasures first presents their development, while added pictures present rarities from Gallus through Luther to Beethoven, as well as the most interesting Sloven ian examples of musical manuscripts and prints.

The aim of the publication Treasures of NUK is therefore to provide a brief and concise, but nevertheless an expert and thorough as well as attractive and picturesque presentation of the Siovenian spiritual achievements stored in our national library. As an exception, it also presents the Freising Manuscripts and Trubar's Catechism us, two great milestones in our written culture, whose originals are unfortunately not kept in our library. We wish to thank all those who have contributed to its production in any way, and we hope that it will provide a useful and motivating gulde to everyone interested.

Mihael Glavan

Head of l'1anuscript Department

10

I. MEDIEVAL CIVILISATION AND CULTURE IN SLOVENIA

1. Medieval Latin Codices Written or Used in Slovenia

The relatively rich medieval written cultural heritage preserved in the National and University Library of Slovenia gives it special value and places it among significant European centres of scientific research of cultural creativity in the Middle Ages. The most valuable library funds acquired by the Lyceum Library from monastery libraries since 1744 undoubtedly include the collection of medieval Latin manuscripts. These materials are preserved in the Manuscript Collection and contain 85 codices: the oldest is from the 9th century, 19 codices are from the 12th century, 1 from the 13th century, 29 from the 14th century, 34 from the 15th century and 1 from the 16th century. More than two thirds are of known origin. Most were acquired from the oldest Sloven ian monasteries: Stkna, Bistra, Kostanjevica, Gornji Grad, Jurkloster and Pleterje.

The library acquired the manuscripts from Stkna monastery in 1790. These are among the earliest testimonials of medieval literacy in Slovenia. The earlier ones, from the 12th and 13th centuries, are written in medieval minuscule, gradually changing from rounded to angular. This monastery had a strong scriptorium with own writing, binding and decoration of codices. The script is mostly manuscript Latin book minuscule, in some cases Gothic book italics. In terms of written culture, these manuscripts belong in the domain ofthe Bavarian school of writing.

The Stkna manuscripts are extremely beautifully illuminated. The uniformity of style is surprising, related to the Salzburg manuscript school but revealing independent development. The ornamentation is typical of late Romanesque decorative art. Decoration in two or three colours (blue, green, ochre yellow and only exceptionally wine red) is limited to initials composed of floral and animal elements (dragon, bird, dog, vine, tendrils).

In terms of content, the Stkna codices contain, in addition to Biblical texts, some of the most widespread texts of respected church fathers, e.g. Augustinus, Bede Venerabilis, Cyprian us, Gregory the Great, Hieronymus,lsidorus and Cassianus. They also contain a very rare article by Bishop Gregory of Tours on the suffering of St. Andrew the Apostle.

The second strongest group of our codices was acquired in 1782 from the Carthusian monastery in Bistra. It contains 11 specimens from the 14th and 15th centuries. Almost all of these are still written on parchment in Gothic or Latin minuscule; one ofthem even contains a palimpsest part. Two of them are regarded as the most beautifully and most richly illuminated medieval manuscripts in Slovenia: these are Augustinus' treatise De civitate Dei (1347) and Summa de iure canonico (second half of the 14th century).

Other locations of medieval codices were less rich but still deserve a mention: the Cistercian monastery in Kostanjevica (7 codices from the 12th to 14th centuries), the Ljubljana episcopal library in Gornji Grad (6 codices from the 14th and 15th centuries), the Carthusian monastery in Jurkloster (3 codices from the 13th to 15th centuries), and the Carthusian monastery of Pleterje (2 codices from the 15th century). The provenance of many codices could not be identified; it is, however, possible that they were created in the same monasteries or brought from the neighbouring lands of Austria and Italy.

12

•

1. Gregorius Magnus. Moralia. Ecloga quam scripsit Lathen filius Beith. 1 st hal( of 9th century. 126 leaves, parchment. Sign. Ms 6 The oldest codex in NUK and Slovenia in general. It contains l.athen's Eclogue of Moralia by Gregory the Great. Carolingian book minuscule with italic elements of the pre-Carolingian era.

Treasures of the National and. University Library Ljubljana

2. Augustinus, Aurelius. De civitate Dei. Bistra, 1347. 172/eaves, parchment. Sign. Ms 2

The most beautiful codex in Slovenia. Central European artistic style. The front cover. the initials and the miniatures are decorated with gold and silver. Colours: red. blue. white. green. yellow. brown. orange and violet. Scenes of rabbit hunting with dogs are depicted. The initials are surrounded with stylised vines and naturalistically depicted animals: rabbit. dog. monkey. peacock. other birds. The miniatures of King David are Romanesque, inspired by French and Italian motifs of the time.

13

Medieval Latin codices in the NUK Manuscript Collection prove that the bestknown European theological works were also copied, studied and spread in Slovenia. In addition to these contents, our codices also contain important articles from the fields of science of the time, e.g. Church law, Church and partly also general history, Latin grammar, dictionaries, rhetoric, music, medical science, botany and visual arts. Particularly meaningful for Siovenians are long or short additions on our Church dignitaries and secular rulers, mentions of our lands and places and, especially, added Sloven ian texts and captions.

14

2. Augustinus, Aurelius. De civitate Dei. Bistro, 1347. 172 leaves, parchment. Sign. Ms 2

3. Summa de iure canonico. Bistro, 2nd half of 14th century. 324 leaves, parchment.

Sign. Ms 33 Church law records full of vivacious drolleries made after the French example, which are often not related to the contents of the codex but testify to the decorator's ingenuity and experience.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

- .. _. <t ..

( k

~ . ...

, "~.I".

i

V

•

•

t' \ i

~ l' , ,s' i ':-C II

~ ~\

_?

~j ./

•

!I1a:HHHa ~.y"~

r',",,""~,. ~l\~mt'l

fW~'~1ff~ e:tCHH"'~ buIalr~ .. ';'

m~44t~~ . ftftIIN'~_Htr .

....;..:;:..~~' 'Hum_

,~~," • .,~",wult~A'ffl1_~'·~ ~_1mG-"~«lm~~~," utf1tt~IU;H;dlJi1«Htr.H6i~fflb

•

16

4. Boethius, Anicius Manlius. Philosophiae consolationis liber. 1st half of 15th century. 229 leaves, paper. Sign. Ms 51

The codex is decorated with 12 initials in blue. green. pink. red. violet and ochre. The main title is written in capitals. the text and intermediate initials in Gothic italics of the 15th century. Watermarks are the same as in the contemporary Sticna manuscript (around 1428) .

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

~""'ffll .,..." .. bt rrrue",~p,..

~"~mtr,.

""'~~1~ «tt1t .,11dU-GUtw

~~at.(~

mCtf.t"~ftttfJ a

--

~~,".H~«~tt~A'ffl1"ptl.J

._~~~~ ... ~~tu ~~tulH'_l1«H~.H6t~H1h

•

16

4. Boeth;u5, Anicius Manlius. Philosophiae consolat;on;s liber. 15t half of 15th century. 229 leaves, paper. Sign. Ms 51

The codex is decorated with 12 initials in blue. green. pink. red. violet and ochre. The main title is written in capitals. the text and intermediate initials in Gothic italics of the 15th century. Watermarks are the same as in the contemporary Sticna manuscript (around 1428).

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

c· ...... ··""~m'" ..

, ~+1 . F(II't~* ' .... ,n<\' •. '::iC(;;;-

~-Ha.. doc\'. "

M~i 0+.'"''''''''. ttmM'." 'pa1l;n.UJi'AO< ,~miJ.··b..·~'

~~ C.':;.

~;1OI'j.I"'t1'f1.

•

5. ChronicQ della nobel ciUa de Uenexia. Early 15th century. 108 leaves, paper, hand colouring. Sign. Ms 159 A list of Venetian doges and list of castles in the lands ruled by the Venetian Republic. A list of castles in Italy. An alphabetic list of the Venetian nobility with coats of arms; in the foreword an explanation on the name and the beginnings of Venice. Zois's binding from the early 19th century.

17

6. Ca/endarium ad annum 1415. Parchment folder. Sign. Ms 160 An exceptional rarity. A miniature calendar of 36 squares. Each month depicts characteristic peasant tasks. star signs. half-length figures or symbols of principal saints and holidays. Names. weekly lines. golden numbers and other data relating to the Church and astronomy are added.

18

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

19

2. Cyrillic and Glagolitic Medieval Monuments

The 9th century saw the formation and recording of the Old Church Slavic language based on the South Macedonian dialect, originally the language of Church liturgy, which gradually acquired the role of a literary language in the wider Slavic territory and retained it until the end of the Middle Ages when literatures in living national languages began to develop.

The earliest Old Church Slavic texts are related to the work of the missionaries, Brothers Konstantin and Metod, who began to spread Christianity among the Slavic peoples in 863 in a language understandable to the local population. The earliest Old Church Slavic manuscripts are written in two alphabets: older Glagolitic alphabet, which the experts ascribe to Konstantin, while a slightly younger Cyrillic alphabet was probably developed by his disciples. It is unclear when and how both alphabets originated. The Cyrillic alphabet is believed to have been derived from Greek capitals (uncials) with added symbols for particular Slavic phonemes, while the Glagolitic alphabet, a markedly uniform collection precisely matching Slavic phonemes, does not alIowa credible connection with earlier alphabets. By translating most of the Bible into the Slavic language, Konstantin and Metod made an epochal venture, elevating this language to the level of a liturgical and literary language such as Hebrew, Greek and Latin. Already in the 10th century, the uniform Old Church Slavic language began to introduce in its copies of texts the elements of Slavic languages of the area in which the copyists operated. We thus speak of individual versions of Old Church Slavic, e.g. Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Bosnian etc.

Cyrillic Slavic monuments are stored in the NUK Manuscript Collection as a corpus separatum in the Kopitar collection, purchased in 1845 for the Lyceum Library with a special state donation. The whole contains over 30 units, of which 13 date from the 13th to 15th centuries, 7 are slightly more recent, while others no longer belong to medieval materials. All were written outside the Siovenian ethnic area and were incorporated in the Kopitar collection through private collectors, especially through Vuk S. Karadzlc as an intermediary. The most famous item in every respect is the Codex Suprasliensis. It is written in the Cyrillic alphabet of the Old Church Slavic version in the area of Eastern Bulgaria, and was discovered in Suprasl monastery in Poland. Older Cyrillic manuscripts include also: a Macedonian lent triodium from the 13th century, two tetra gospels ofthe Serbian school from the 13th and 14th centuries, two Serbian and one Bosnian tetra gospel from the 14th century and the Serbian version of a work by Mihael Psellus Dioptrus from the 15th century. All these manuscripts are interesting in terms of calligraphy, but rather modest in their visual elaboration.

The group of Glagolitic manuscripts is less numerous and of later origin, too.

One manuscript, Missale romanum, dates from the end of the 14th century, 4 from the 15th century, namely 2 breviaries, a missal and a Psalter with a breviary. Three manuscripts originate from the area of today's Croatian Istria, where they were used in Beram monastery, while the origin of others is unknown. All are written on parchment in an extremely careful manuscript. They are decorated with numerous ornaments and coloured initials, some even with whole-page illustrations. In addition, the NUK Manuscript Collection stores some old documents in the Glagolitic alphabet, which, however, no longer belong to medieval materials.

20

1. Supraseljski kodeks (Codex Suprasliensis). 1 st half of 11th century. 11 bundles, 118 leaves, parchment. Sign. Cod. Kop. 2

One of the oldest Slavic linguistic monuments, written in Eastern Bulgaria in the 1 st half of the 11 th century. The script is a very beautiful, regular, broad

Cyrillic. The text contains 24 biographies of saints and 23 homilies, separate for Lent and Easter cycles. and 1 prayer. The second part of the manuscript. 16 leaves, is stored in the National Library in Saint Petersburg. while the third. 151 leaves. is stored in the National Library in Warsaw.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

, )

. . ~

- - . ~

e If' ~ r 0 ,!".~ Jfi tt· ti e ~.~ t.T (".f dI;< ~ ~&. ~ S ( e,., J..,lH·

A _b N. IjJ.J11i A _l.1.,!_"T. tt 1_' H N , fA lU.-A: ..t}_ttI1.H ill A

- . It ~.:7' . -.. • -.

:~K rIv r tl!i rcJiJ ~ - ~It;· -~7;rl: J-O T_~.». r _1~ ~ ~ ~ ."

\f , fi_~ tt }-k N G\f 0 JJ' ,",II-I H~· TV ~~ J, _H _N.__!L lJi ~.'"L [)O ,it N~'JL_;_K~_t. tT~~l·t-_'l.,!A$ili t. . _tl~~ C~$ Llll.k fl.'LJt " YE' :W~.~A 0 y ~ e J(11 N O"tt R ~ Ul.E N tf t!l .. ~ ~ 1(fi IT.

h\ N A_( l~~· tll( J~~ tlO\f flil i '_!h .. ll-~'ll._ .~IUJt .• ~~ no]) T~ _ ~_ fiJT' Ji t: H fl.·e C ~ A. A, fL.1J...t.!I'_ ~ -t), 6 C lJ'trN.

F n. ill or.A .... f> , H~~!l, I N .~ ui. ':f tlli< C .1) ~ '!' N'x E

t" 'b 1 .~ '\. Ulj~. fl- . 4' t. '-" . . . . "N"JH

. . .. - .. .. . - - _.- _ .I LU -\i . .A; ~.1U !J"FJ. c.rp rt h... ,

s, 'J.*?Jll}" .• .!FA ~e ll'O\.f-~' iln or f ~lHIll,~ ~

Metl r." ~4L'J,-r.A~ UT ~~~. " ().Il> ~~n;f>.4~. tf~'.~ LQ Y N.~ "' eu '''1' .. c.~,,: ~.c_._k.~~~: ~~ f[ 't a~~c.A; ~ .~ ~ r_!.N .1'l..t q..'I..lft.M lql;~ 0 tUN .

~ l tift. n q rJ:U) N i ft ); " ~"l! l~U E. ~ N, u"iib.u::

~~

M t __ c A..~1 .u X_fT~,~ li:_~.~L_ '. Illft •. :U N ~\» 'c T~~~P .. 9&A tJll\ I1CI~ \.:;

-~ ........ 'h'l'! f,. f..f« ~;A.;.~T.~ C ~-9- L c_rf_~ ~ e K...)..1!!JJ '6Y.J(.!l ~ ~H~ .. M tlh\ N 0:(" n_f JlAJ~n--f .rB~~.l( tl"~ r~ ~~

I~ "- H n t1 W-A A AJI ti7 C, rp O· -llN '; ~ 6. ,0 J-i . ..K.O ,l, l 1i.M e

N ! ML:_ir;~~HiI)._: _H I~ ~.LN ~.r,. q. C_'P D:t i ~~ _.-(. bf..:C.Tf' f- ... Ui A (1,11. f. H. "laLK 1; ~ W.. .Ii h. A. N. ~~. _I '* f b ~ ~ H H JU q. "St e' A_·tJ·r D -O$;"._J)-A.,A>K e N ~ I H ;.K f

l) itt tt~ lJC I~ Tb}i:. ~ i lil-f ~~h rc .. e '~1 Ii-it 'i. f\' Tl .\ A

-- ""'_ ~~ ...

;i:..A e...~.JjJV J.A_A-£ A.Jir: \, A:C.~lA.A~ I'lf nO u A. N If

~ _4.:,I. ..... "7 ,. ~ 4-

. rv\: _A.Jl4..J:. A ". Y .. tt IVI. 0 Ii rtt.·H -,- ft.·· ~ N H H .. " At AN E Q .......

. • '. " "~."'/I' . "\. .. ,

T .r1)·A_~~l,~~_~E_A> ... ~)l).J· .. 9> C 'T~~~ lli y.. ~ M ;k~b"

Ht1\ .~ lj:!-:A-W'llf£{; ~~r ~- r £ _.. [l_j ,J\A .A Na( ~. T}. T A

VI" .. ~ . . ,..,.

22

4. Cetveroevangelij (Tetra Gospel), Serbian version. 3rd quarter of 14th century. 49 leaves, parchment. Cod. Kop. 10

The script is a large and very beautiful Cyrillic ustav. The whole text is sewn into one block, without covers, with blank paper leaves bound in where the text is missing in the manuscript.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

2. Makedonski postni triod (Macedonian Lent Triodium). Mid·13th century. 72 leaves, parchment. Sign. Cod. Kop 9

An anomalous codex containing only half of the original whole. The text is an earlier version of a triodiurn, without a paremium and the moral. with complete vespers for every day.

23

24

5. Rimski misal (Missale Romanum). End of 14th or beginning of 15th century. 245 leaves, parchment. Sign. Ms 162

This codex is complete. It contains colourful, richly decorated initials, several splendid miniatures and even some fullpage illustrations. It was written in Beram near Pazin in lstria. The script is angular Glagolitic.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

fOG,

n i~ft~""'~Hf. nflJ~';H"ln40n'~fftMcEP'3l\'H"':1J1 o·i .. 1J·~~uu if p IAIiKH n'j.t1%-pft.q"l'-t·ucerllo:f Ii. +UJl4 "{Cf'f 8f' "'W.~H~

~~~

."

GtIEJJi.EOROM·1I0 1H1C.-J)'E ~,A",

uie "{unfiTO UQ'K'tC,'.lTH .... :('

, :0t'1 'K~Ctf H \. ~ K r..1l~C"

E elf U ;\'1. ·tll';. 0 ~Ellpir A

<f lU I! H" an t. I: 11 R ~ Wti Ii

el<:OHH C<flAO IiHA'll,,"» ,,,,'l'ru CAOEf:CII 1l1FDAil E A1t Hot IDIIt\ Iu·ouCnpl.Y

II a R(lI )~ r.. 'E "lJf,'·rH N if no fAO lJUC<fTll T6 B'i;: Hp itt NIl "lor .nHAEA<I

3. Cetveroevangelij (Tetra Gospel), Bosnian School. 2nd half of 14th century. 239 leaves, of which 226 parchment. Sign. Cod. Kop 24.

The script is a Cyrillic script of Bosnian type, while the illuminations follow the tradition of the ZetaHum scriptoria. The codex has also original front. and back pages with an antique groove on the edges of the boards.

25

3. Siovenian Medieval Manuscripts

Medieval literacy in Slovenia extends over half of a millennium, from the end of the 10th to the end of the 15th century. The number of written texts in the period certainly exceeds on the number that have been preserved, although there are not so few of these. The most important are: the Cividale Gospel, Freising Manuscripts, fragments of Sloven ian chivalrous poetry, Klagenfurt Manuscript, Stkna Manuscript, Cividale Manuscript, Udine Manuscript, Skofja Loka Manuscript, verses from the Auersperg archives praising women's beauty, and the Stara Gora Manuscript as the latest discovery. All these manuscripts are legitimate testimony to the fact that Siovenians already existed in the Middle Ages as an ethnically formed community with own language which had very early divided from the Old Slavic. The Siovenians were Christians as early as the 10th century: what is more, it was already possible in 1000 to write a liturgical text with elements of artistic elaboration in Siovenian. This refers to the renowned Freising Manuscripts, so far the oldest known text in Siovenian and older than Codex Suprasliensis or Sava's Book.

The longest and the most important Sloven ian medieval manuscript besides the Freising Manuscripts is the Stkna Manuscript. This is preserved in its original version in the NUK Manuscript Collection, while all other original Siovenian medieval manuscripts are preserved abroad, in Austria, Italy and Germany. The Stkna Manuscript was written about 1428 in the Cistercian monastery at Stkna in Dolenjska. It is written at the end of a longer Latin treatise on the Hussites. It encompasses four texts (and some fragments): a general confession (written twice due to the mistake of the scribe), an Easter poem 'Kristus je vstal' (Christ has arisen) and the prayer Salve Regina (Pozdravljena kraliica, Mati Milosti). The language reveals characteristics of the Dolenjska dialect, especially as regards the choice of vowels, with obvious influences of Czech in the vocabulary and spelling. Since the text was written by two scribes, which is evident from the manuscript, the first was probably a Czech Cistercian who had fled to Stkna after the Hussite wars, while the other was his disciple. The script in all Slovenian texts is an upfront Gothic minuscule.

26

2. StiSki rokopis (Sitticher Handschrift / Sticna Manuscript). I" half of 1 Sth century, 3 leaves, 5 pages, paper. Sign. Ms 141

The script is a rounded Czech bastarda. Contents: 2 forms of general confession. an Easter hymn. an invocation of the Holy Spirit. a prayer. Salve Regina. and some brief additions. The most important Siovenian medieval manuscript kept in NUK.

1. Brizinski spomeniki (Monumenta Frisigensia / Freisinger Denkmii/er / Freising Manuscripts). ApprOXimately 1000. 5 leaves, 9 pages, parchment. Facsimile.

Ljubljana: Siovenska knjiga, 1992. Sign. R 1/ 430694/3 The script is a Carolingian minuscule.

Contents: a short general confession. a common prayer. another version of a general confession. Original kept in Staatsbibliothek Munchen.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

:E ccr ~t ~enL 04' nf'2c fkncm IZle" rmrZC1h

:vef.L -cevuebG.semube- det frerum: dek {ow

f~ fkroA-t ncpnzcm runa- ffecrebu TU0rt1n

It.;'ki ntkoltgti"c per; bptqa odevuerAm. t{e

{AL nelmu%! nt(l'l:ru- -rXtlU. frerdfZ-but tfc:puk

~lmoki nu~vuf u~nge:nt~ £(qrrn (hOt

kt.sm1uhe{rn bone- fe- 1h ncp42em nuge 'Pre-

rdb"u'~ubU't rie- flnr-Nn r (e:n(C nauutZ"t"

r" t~nlnu u"wzan. nt'kce: -reh det m1-r1e:nt

Odf'l'-'-umbo{1:W foumt- 'fred boftma ,,11m.\- rno nAnArod'llovudJ..& ' fe:r:-e:-fcn:omu 'Ztn21 1.1"t

~ lr~ bOI det:t' tlZAm.t TA2'amC'lA

do namoki )b~ e(c-be.fo ffU .. U.t.x- '1tou

du'1e:mtrr lpagtbra uc::'Zt qltt7a ~te- Me>

1flt~ pomcn.an rze.. [e tmut~t1n -eere ne

cLu 'Zt.no t.tuc-bb{t na Pfl w n.tnA. u'l'nenAUvf ·

rrfem'k boromu r,i ~e- lbo(..u u11rubtfe

27

4. Incunabula

Ever since the seventeenth century, the term incunabulum has been a technical term for the first printed books. The word itself is derived from Latin denoting a cradle, nappies, metaphorically therefore the first, initial period of printing. The term is temporally strictly restricted to the period between the beginning of printing in the first half of the 15th century and the end of the calendar year of 1500. Experts calculate that this period saw the printing of about 40,000 different editions in several million copies. Certainly, this technological invention of the mass reproduction of texts had an extraordinary impact not only on spiritual but also on economic trends in 15th century Europe and made an essential contribution to the rapid spread of humanism and the Renaissance.

Incunabula in Slovenia were originally kept especially in medieval and some later monasteries, the diocesan library of Gornji Grad, and the collections of some scholars and bibliophiles, especially those of J.K. Seebach, Zois and Ierne] Kopitar. These funds were brought to the collections of the Lyceum Library, the immediate forerunner of NUK, mostly through extensive reforms of the pragmatic Emperor Joseph II, who dissolved monasteries of contemplative orders as part of his extensive economic as well as religious reforms. It has to be emphasised that the funds of the Lyceum Library, except for the diocesan library of Gornji Grad, acquired only the materials from the libraries of the monasteries of the then Carniola, while rich libraries of important monasteries in Styria (Zice, Jurkloster, Ptuj etc.) were made part of the funds oftoday's University Library in Graz (Austria). In any case, it can be said that the number of incunabula held today in NUK is but a part of the previously much more comprehensive funds of incunabula on the territory of modern Slovenia.

The first list of incunabula prepared about 1840 in the Lyceum Library by the then curator, Jozef Kalasanc Likawetz, encompassed 381 items. In 1957, Alfonz Gspan, who systematically reviewed the funds of incunabula in Slovenia in cooperation with Joslp Badalic, listed 461 items of incunabula in NUK, which meant over a half of the total fund of existing incunabula in Slovenia. Further researches by Primoz Simoniti and some purchases enlarged this fund to today's 510 incunabula items in NUK.

In terms of content, the fund of incunabula in NUK can be said to be fully representative both in terms of book production of its time and in terms of the spiritual atmosphere in the then Europe. The claim by Alfonz Gspan that »to a certain extent it reflects more or less every scientific and literary achievement from antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages, as well as every principal spiritual current of its time« is undoubtedly true. The contents of the fund are, of course, focused mostly on the humanities in the broader sense. It is perfectly understandable and logical that the major part of the incunabula is from the field of theology (about 42%). These are especially Bibles, biblical commentaries, works on the history and philosophy of religion and liturgical works. The field of legal sciences is also strongly represented (22%). Numerous works of secular philosophy (9%) include, in addition to scholastic treatises, also the major essays by Plato and Aristotle. Literature is represented mostly by Latin classics. including also works from the field of literary theory and philology (total 17 %). In the humanities' field, history works (only about 4%) should be mentioned, while the work of secular and exact sciences, often interweaving speculative sciences and dilettantism (astrology, fortune telling ... ), is represented by only a few items from the fields of mathematics, astronomy, economy and medical science.

The incunabula fund in NUK reveals some specificities deriving from its geographic position in Europe, especially when comparing incunabula in relation to locations where individual copies were printed. This immediately places Slovenia between the Italian and the German cultures in the period of early humanism and later. Almost

28

OiS ilttin abOffrhrilff. trCB . ftillUljluiftlJf.tllltrlling kUtIJtn maltft'iU uniJllm tyti UtlllllfW JU Mftlbrfrl)lo:lftn.

2. Protokoll des Friedens zu Basel vom n. September 1499. [ Strassburg, Mathis Hup(uff, post rux. 1499]. Sign. Ti 14750 One of three unique incunabula in NUK. the protocol of a peace treaty signed in Basel.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

1. »Costerianum«. Sign. Ti 11964.

A unique fragment by a mysterious Dutch printer believed to have printed even before Gutenberg. Probably the oldest printed item in NUK. The fragment was used as material for the original binding of an incunabulum, Matthaeus Silvaticus: Liber pandectarum medicinae, printed in 1480.

29

half of the incunabula (about 49 %) was printed in Italy, the great majority of these in Venice, which is logical in view of its immediate vicinity and the fact that Venice was by far the biggest printing centre of the period, printing about a third of all incunabula in general. The incunabula of German printing provenience (about 33%) are mostly from the south and western German cultural milieu (Nuremberg, Basel, Augsburg, Strassburg). The share of incunabula printed in other parts of Europe is a modest 15 %; these come mostly from France. An exception in this respect is two Cyrillic incunabula from the collection of the Slavic specialist and linguist Ierne] Kopitar, printed in Cetinje in Montenegro.

Regardless of the fact that the number of incunabula kept by NUK is relatively small in comparison with that kept by some other European national libraries, it includes some outstanding curiosities and rarities. Among them, unique editions have to be mentioned, especially two different editions of the incunabulum, Regulae, ordinationes et constitutiones Cancellariae apostolicae, by Pope Sixtus IV, printed by Adam Rot in Rome in 1471, and the work, Protokoll des Friedens zu Basel, printed in Strassburg by Mathis Hupfuff at the end of 15th century. Especially valuable among some unique fragments is the so-called »costerianum«, a fragment of a Latin grammar book entitled Ars minor and written by Aelius Donatus, which is believed to have come from a printing shop of a still not fully explored and thus mysterious printer, whom tradition connects with the name of a Dutchman, Laurens Janszoon Coster, believed to have printed in a primitive manner even before Gutenberg himself. This fragment is probably the earliest example of printing kept by NUK.

The only author of Sloven ian origin whose works were published in the incunabula period and are represented in NUK was Bernard Perger. The library keeps only one of his works, a necrology to Emperor Frederic 111., while a much better known and successful work was a Latin grammar book, Grammatica nova, which Perger adapted after the grammar book by the above mentioned Aelius Donatus, since numerous editions were printed throughout Europe during this period. NUK also keeps some incunabula by one of the printers from the area of today's Slovenia, Mattheus Cerdonis from Siovenj Gradec, who started his trade as an assistant to a well-known printer, Erhard Ratdolt, in Venice, but later became independent and started printing in his own printing shop in Padova. He printed about 60 shorter texts, mostly from the field of natural sciences and rhetoric.

At the beginning, incunabula closely resembled medieval handwritten books.

In this regard, every copy can practically be considered unique since printers in the period sold printed leaves that each individual purchaser bound and decorated according to his own desires and possibilities. NUK, too, has preserved several incunabula in their valuable original bindings. Of particular interest in relation to the history of art are some miniatures and paintings in incunabula made in the tradition of hand illumination of medieval codices, and numerous editions of incunabula richly illustrated with woodcuts, among which at least two editions of world chronicles by Hartmann Schedl and the travelogue, Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam, by Bernard von Breydenbach, must be mentioned. Many incunabula also contain various annotations, ex-libris and marginalia of their previous owners and users, which have become important elements of cultural history during the centuries since their creation.

30

3. Schede/, Hartmann. Liber chronicarum.

Nurembergae: Anton Koberger, 1493.

Sign. Ti 3853 NUK keeps two specimens of this wellknown. lavishly illustrated historical chronicles, describing also the Counts of Celje and the regions of Istria, Carniola, Carinthia and Styria. In the case of Carinthia, it also describes the ceremony of enthronement of the Dukes of Carinthia.

.Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

jfoliii I iBm apud oortiffim09 etpreffantiffimo9 nt>

res g 'Cera nilt\Jra:s et billo~lilS tnldl:dernt be modi fab:ica! ac pzil1Jl1 bo mfnn QP,ntO ferr:il pnfCl8 roit1ullis tl!ib~(ut11pto "ntO tn fa remoti8(.ppteniti4t.lrC) reb~ bed

_ .•. ~._ .. ,n6euitu5:a incozrupnblles:a 6mU$ bumanum ab bllbUilTeo:tuS prilla'piO fenfere .Quidilm 6'Ilttum

I COlll'lij)tlll'lletnQ5 arbltratl!'l bOmlnes bl.urUt ~atOnlS ,n",um rem po:etfl"efo:nloO. 6l)t"eci vtrt dilrlfli:mi qUi btfto:il1S coll(6erfitt affi:rq martit. -ami ante Intein omnia cell 'l terre cficti8 (imul <,fufts-foznuf fu.9 ifTe:pollea biffeparati8:blulfifQ5 mohbus ,epiffe ltIuildii bunc ozdines quem. \I(demus. i\eretn biic motu .,tinuum et i6fleilm I1tetn cnus fupe nOla . leuitateaiUfappettuiffe:Qua e,l" CGufa fokt1H1Cllellarii '''.'''lml'''Jt;; "olurone tOtt'U8 eirciifer:i:~l1rtetn aute turbidgm atcs terl bumldis ad infima toCG ob l)t"lluitates tle(cendlffe qtlc

L¥..fIt:r"-'CUttt bUrlonbllS \lero terram lutofam etlafit1e:'l Ot11nino

. moltem. bee p:fmum cum ' ttnfioz in 911ibus putredrnes tenui coteete pellteull1 fint

e~it>lte.er!JPiffe ta!ldoo ilb Ilia colluut( ",arias animann'u fozmao quo:um ea quo marozem calozes fo:

. tita funt rn fuperioze resionem "oI.uI1I41abierfitt flCct~la 'l l)t"aUloza: ferpentlaac terrefhia etlaferunt ani mantia. 'a}aturstt1 aquofam "lUta in fill.GeneriS eletneutum ttlata funt.1;erra ttllJcepo tum foliSllrdo:e tUI1l \lentisarefl1cta;nlUtUa .,mi~one fe.tuu ~f~:il6eueraft( .100e eUripides i:ra6KU8 anll~6oze

ta. plJyfi'ci OirC'I:mIIJS ita fe balluifl"c tdtllmr .iEodem modo bommes Ii pztne!p'w 6euitos tlicUnt. In a6rt'S aU4~etlta'.liliueltr. 'l lnconditil \lita \liplTe q",btW berbe 'l arbo2U fruaus "ltro "ictum p:ebtld

. ttni'll enarratone cum per mult06 dabozaffe latino6 (VccofQ5 \lldemus: pzeterea cbalde

L_I'iI'Io.JI" 08 "eteres nOllofq;.1Rclttn'sl6lwr antiqu~ erronbusilrcbllna dP>ofeo6 \'Iolumlna ee mutt

difabliCa~'Z cd,btl1tiO 111113 operlbu6 fq: tnerum 12lulh"abimu6.Guibus tonus nature feereta cotincn!.

"I!lam moyfes • .ppbailll(. billoucozum pater teo ptenusrac celelli blctante fpirim totitlS ma6l"ftro \'Ienta

tf6:e.tcepit bee 01"11. @uemcumno!lrozum:tum fuomm!tum 6eutium ttniQ5 tellimonia pzolfus bumilf

itIC fapietJti'!wctrLllammq; omnium a It:tterarum eofultifl"lmum pzodiderunt.iilpud bebeeos 9alomol

IJfslibel'!cut fapi,a tt'nIIU8!in quo \lirnaturcr.auJ interplea fe dliufmodi bifc~plin~ t.';~fay(e lC{5iS I'd

lJetNllbus acceplffe fater .aunt aplld "ollros1.~s 'l pbilon autozee g'raulff'lml: Inn m 'Cllluetia egYb

ptiozum bcemna fuiffe crud-niffimii.Sed 'l bermippus attefta! ~l'tba6ozam re t11ofa!ca IC6e plUritna

an fua pbdofopbia trllnftuliffe.llom t"Uud 1lumeu(l pbllofopbi: no aliud effe platone q; atticii mo'f,fCJ.

In pZimold{o ttnt"q; fut operrs be nwra:be romis opiftcW mudi \lelm a6rl cuiufpiam tbefaun:omnls

"ere pbllofopbfe befolTi runt. fGctiiq; in p:imlS bee in bac partet\lbf be rmt5 omnlu etnanatoea neo be . @'adu:benumero!oeo:dinepal'ttum munUunilrU altifli:me p"bllo(o.p~af. ~z~rerea fuit ttcretum \lad /"~ :_ ..... rum bebl"01,t.£~ius etta metninlt Ieieronymus:ne bane mudi crearoes qutfQ5!nifi matul"ill41m (tate ael / ._ \~1i-";., "", tm~trrt.1@ue aut fue boc ltbzo "irl fllnctiffimi~t11b:ofius 'l ilu6UftlnuS.etratl.itetn 'l~dil 'l ~f t~ .~;?tr;.: K .. Gius.er e,r lunlonbus €6!diu6 'l eltbertus. eue uem apud g'recos ~bl1on.0z4;eues.~fi1iUO.tbIl~!l\JO"i:~~J"',

OdoZlc? .a"pol1inllrius.ilfJydit1lus.lI5~adillS.£'r1fofto'"us 'le. fcripfemnt Intactll peneus a nobrsr ,4,1 ? !',;:?\

(i"quc"!.;be bra ,:tet1lQue 'Oe131onabes \Ie( iilncbdo6 \Ie{ 0ymeon IlnnquU8 cbllldatce tradiderfit!'Od IE_,.,_.

et bebzers Qut ""tere6 eell;aliuJ.~ba robannee. -illeonius. Jfaac. lofepb:llut iU"'~les fl5erfonides.

. -o SlldiilS.abzaam 'ic . .,fcripfmlnt!lJUtlam n08 ,n pfroo'a meutonem babebimU6.atferetnuf~~ modus

• epitomatls.e,r mOYfe feriem fe,t blerum~tt biuina mundi fab:icllltt qua in arcbaniS fancrerdlgionioli

rerrs tradrrur.. •

. e,ro~fus IlJiturbetl6 fabztcam mundi ilIum Plimii 'Z11Jl1,timo fdiumpufecit operiimmenro.eoq; fimllt

(tcofiliatNe 'Ofus ell '% artifice!in e.rco6it.lndls: omandis!faciendifq; rebus:qm is pzudentt"a a rone:et poteftate oerfectu6 eft.1Ilec querendii e.r q'ltbutJ illa tam ma6lla:tam mirif"ica OQIl ~s f«mt.0ia ro's fecit e,rmbllo.iQilllnto i6itur rectius eft omiffis (nfenflbllibus 'l \l13nis:oculos eo tedere \lbl fedes: "bi

babitatiO dl tt{~qui rerrem ftablli f"innitlltt fufpendit!qui (dum biftlnp'tGftrls fu16enttbtlSt 4 fote rebus bmnams dariffimu ac flfl6Ulare lumeu in ar6umentum fue IlC \lntee ttIilt"dlat(s acctdit. ~ aUf rem mana circumfudit:tiut11inll femplterllo lapfu tWere pzeeepit!iUff!! et c.rtmdi carrtpos! fubfidere \laU les;fronde te6i fllua~:lllpidofos fur6eremOnte6!q_ue!_tiQ5 omnla no iupiter fecit! fed 11leoQ,fe,rrc,zmii dintelt'oU8 0:t60:,\ui \IOcar ttUS:ClllUS pncipiO qm no ~oteft cot11p:ebendi nee qri bebet. aati8 eft bo mini ad perfcCt!1nl plt1dm~'am:.ri neum effe Intelli6at!\lt rUfCipia 1; bonoztfi~ ~!l1tmmt parenfeJ 6d nens buttl-ann'Z rerum t111rab,bunt fabzKIltoUt11. '£res mundos fi6Ur13t antiqlJltas: fupfemum 0t1Jnlus ,,(tra mundlluult'..:qUet11 tbeolo@ aIl6e1icum:pbilofopbi autem intellcctulllem \IOCGllt. ~zopmum but:c: cd~ftan:potlremu11i ottlm:ii fublunllrem:biic quem Incol(m1l8tbic tet,cbzarum 1tlullduo:tUe aut lug's:ce _, lume:t luce 'ltttl.ebus cctl1j:1era! .tEll a p:etertres quartus alius ntUndus:in quo 'l ell On1l1U1 inuen(titur

• que funt in rdiquI6:b,( (pre eft bamo. -t:rltum In-fcolw "erbum eft efl'ebomlnem minozetn mundum: in ~ quo m(rtut11 e;r el.tmenti6 C01:P:1I8!'% cddlis fpoo!'lplllntal,Z Ilnlma "(f5etalls:'l bmrol,Z fenfu8:etra~ a

. 13ngdica mens;"t bel fimditiJd\l confplei!.~ bis quatuo: mundio t110yfcs fufficl(fJter,bifferuitt\ltttuS

. 0plfe.r tiifpofui~\'!t 'Oere (crtptura.oo~feos il1Jl160 mundl qplefl'a fit:qUetnI1(.f.1podllm leg'intU8 (tillS

. ci plecepmm til monte:"bibu t1idrclt!'Ot oil1 fama j;m e,rempl13rquod in monte 'Oiderl1t.@md tIlIJdtm

tllofaC,a' fe,tbiaiiedoCeticurfimabfobJet11ue. "

~"''-''.J')_\'

31

tlbario fn funm rancttnmnozlt frld~icf.ffj.lto mBnlml Jmpaarolle wlcnnr babita ptr Sptcra blInn Pirum domtnum Brmb!ltdum 'Pfrget nil, In CZ:ontilio cz:&uium ~tnnfl1fillm 1'10 lnulctifTll Il1O 'lWmanorum lttsr 'Ictgtrtnrrm.

IJBnnn Smnlffimcl1t"j)ottnriffimt plfnctp8 roaJimiliQ.ne facrt 'Rom~nl 3mpttfi modtrl' r0111Va: ftmpcr Bugufte, td in plc(cnnarum diddls.rnuebumtriemd9Impoftttim:quod quondam tadtus fpfc rnrcum rruoluf.aUque, do (utull dfc:vr In boc loco 9crtnlrilS tUB cum rare parente {(lids animfe rtgnantte In longi mill commurarlontm rum ma cum laudt:rrfumpOO:1 pictona publka conncne 1m inul rarcmlni,dluod cum lonse allrer Btq; mecum rcput'l1bs iIIud Inta:ozabilr fatUm res bumanae I7Olutrlr::lufiwlla:rtiftls me role '1 (rUne pltnU6 bic pzodirt CogOlollrq; ""Ram rll1crii bunc diem quem pltrf"Bulid 'jmpmalcsbic Hanres oie Itfarcl) 1"'1I1dtum auditrUnr~riatrt Ifculfftt:quid dulctus!quid iocg dius vnq, ,nlume bule congrrgstfonlllcctdtlT porullTttn6 l'idto· 'AIm ru qUldnn Strtnlffimc "At&: mfcnm etne noftr. taUI1!isobftruantic rptculum cftJempJar (arimmo Gtnrroze quhblnn'ict ttarer:ual'ftJ In tJtrrmi IpITas bOIS fumme vc nttariont roloutt. Uos illuftrlfrlmt 'f}ztntlpt8 (on(9118u1n,0 parrono" vnl(o pztlldio nitro I~ri po rircminl: 'Rrumndilfl mt pltfulcs: 1\tumndi ac rrligfOli' pztlari, IDllgnifrct ([omf' rcs13.)rones timur 1Vniuml1 noblllr.)!!: gratia plirllTtmt 3m pcrsroda frut rtal'tftrlUltum publicas: rum pzfuBtasfUmll cum qulete adminiftrsntfs.Eso quotJ Ii rsnrmum f10c in II) to nomlnl1rt pbils dt·tmllcum miurrfalittailriJ ordinis:p1 fdl'lont 'I: pldtrtim buius ram Wimnmfis gpmnalif collegia domlno}1 bmrfacroum noftrii fide 'I OOrtquio plofift'nmur. qunn 111 fira noble pzontlBfnfqull pzeta oplnIOI1(; t medte (ulbialDrmt'i lUo, Incult.1Ii ouflnadonJ contrafrc licell

32

4. Perger, Bernardus. Oratia in [unere Friderici III. imperataris Viennae habita. Ramae: Stephan Plannck, post 19. VIII. 1493. Sign. Ti 13704

The necrology to the Austrian Emperor Frederic is the only incunabulum kept by N U K with a text by the Siovenian scholar. Bernard Perger. who was also the rector of the University of Vienna.

5. Oresme, Nikolaus. De latitudinibus forma rum. Padue: Mattheus Cerdonis, 1486. Sign. Ti 307197

A treatise on geometry. one of approximately 60 works printed by Mattheus Cerdonls, who came from Siovenj Gradec, probably mostly for the needs of the University of Padova.

6. Psa/tir s pos/edovaniem. Cetinje:

Jeromonah Makarije at Crnie GOri, 1495.

Sign. Ti 9829 A ritual book of the Orthodox Church in Cyrillic. printed in the printing shop of the Crnojevic rulers in Cetinje. The printed ornamentation and initials represent an interesting combination of Venetian and Byzantine cultural traditions. The copy is from the collection of the linguist. Jernej

Kopitar.

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

rtlHc~oEleifs~3K~

c beT" KAI(.N ~ t'bl C'T"(' 'V".t/\ 'fHpl, •• : ••

I ...- ,-..11 ;

AV~NlJjO'( AKAOY QpC'T'80KA

'rB no GJOyA't • H3bP~ ill Kb . c't;Kb nAtM£~i~ iCAt£R~ ,

"..... , _"~ YT1 I

no, 0 • M ol(m h • ,f CD nA € ME

, I'J "

N€ A£KHTbCKtl ,~ • H:H£HA

YH N A ;\:oy nrti C tl H • R1fXOY m € C ,"I ., .J G J 4> I. • €. M ~ to,· I £.o.AML. Hi.\H.(),0YMb. HKt.;r,,!O ti",'iJ HM'tf

me ((,cORo.~,no ~ OS • MotJK~\· ~im€ HMI,ronf

Rtl roy ~ G f}f\e Rf~UJ€,roICPJ.,t. Ct.MOTPfHtd ".:. KWAro nerl:lKA€ • € r,\A co C~A1L~OK"A~O - .... Ii. eTA LIII, di £.It'''l 0 [,,,.t C L Nt.> m , 08 • M 0,', lt~B'

,f ~lu.:~~

C!11nj£~·

~-~--------~~----------------~

33

Selected Bibliography

The bibliography consists of books and journal articles suggested for further study, as well as the secondary sources on which individual chapters are based.

Library and library collections

- K. Stefan, Geschichte der Entstehung und Verwaltung der k.k. StudienBibliothek in Laibach, Laibach 1907

J. Plecnik, Stele F. , Projekt univerzitetne biblioteke Ijubljanske, Ljubljana 1933 B. Bercic, Narodna in univerzitetna knjiznica, Enciklopedija Siovenije, 7, Ljubljana 1993

M. Gooding, National and University Library Ljubljana, London 1997 M. Kos-Stele F., Srednjeveski rokopisi v Sloveni]i, Ljubljana 1931

J. Glonar, Vseudllsna knjiznica v Ljubljani, Kronika 1, 1934

B. Bercic, Mittelalterliche Handschriften der National- und Universitatsbibliothek in Ljubljana, Munchen 1965

V. Mosin, Kopitarjeva zbirka slovanskih rokopisov in Zoisov cirilski fragment lz Narodne in univerzitetne knjznice v Ljubljani, Ljubljana 1971

N. Golob, Srednjeveski kodeksi iz Stkne: XII. stolet]e, Ljubljana 1994

A. Gspan - J. Badalic, Inkunabule v Sioveniji, Ljubljana 1957

B. Bercic, Tiskarstvo na Siovenskem, Ljubljana 1968 B. Bercic, 0 knjigah in knjiznicarstvu, Ljubljana 2000 Katalog rokopisov NUK, Ljubljana 1979 -1999,9 zv.

Glasbeni rokopisi in tiski na Siovenskem do leta 1800. Katalog, Ljubljana 1967

Selected exhibition catalogues (bibliographical, subject and visual presentations of library collections)

- Zakladi NUK, Ljubljana 1982

Parola e libro : beseda in knjiga, Trst 1985 Siovenci v svetu, Ljubljana 1986

Tesori della Bibliotecca nazionale e universitaria di Lubiana, Milano 1989 Manu scriptum, Ljubljana 1990

Moja notranjost sem (Marij Kogoj), Ljubljana 1992 Stiski rokopisi iz 12. stoletja, Ljubljana 1994

Biblije na Siovenskem, Ljubljana 1996

Nasa beseda in zemljevidi slovenskega ozemlja, Ljubljana 1997 Jernej Kopitar, Ljubljana 2000

Prve slovenske knjige, Ljubljana 2000 Iz zibelke tiskarstva, Ljubljana 2001

Collections of papers on library history and the development of library collections

- Zbornik NUK I, Ljubljana 1974

- Zbornik NUK II, Ljubljana 1978

- Zbornik NUK III, Ljubljana 1984; 16. stoletje - burna obdob]e slovenske

prebuje

- Zbornik NUK IV, Ljubljana 1994; Alkimija, sveta veda nasa

- Zbornik NUK y, Ljubljana 1996; Petdeset let Narodne in univerzitetne

knjiznice

100

T reasu res of the National and University Library Ljubljana

Treasures of the National and University Library Ljubljana

Texts by Mihae/ Glavan, Marijan Rupert, Renata S%r, Borut Loparnik, Lenart Setinc Edited by Mihae/ G/avan

English translation by Poloro Glavan English language editing by Martin Cregeen

Designed by ROBERT KUHAR CORPORATE DESIGN Photographs by Milan Stupar (NUK), Zvone Pelko, Branko Cvetkovii' Prepress by Studio Cotii' - Trojer

Published by the National and University Library Ljubljana, represented by Lenart Setinc, Library Director Printed and bound by LlTTERA PICTA, Ljubljano

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or othervvise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Copyright 2003 by NUK, Ljubljana First edition 2003 Printed in 500 copies