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1981; Bellon and Yumul, 2000). The K-Ar dates from the
Bataan front-arc volcanoes range from 7.0 to 0.2 Ma, whereas
the Bataan back-arc volcanoes including the volcanic rocks
exposed in Mindoro range from 1.7 to 0.1 Ma (Defant et al.,
1989; Yumul et al., 2000) (Fig. 2).
The Northern Sierra Madre arc trends N-S in its northern
segment and bends southwest joining the NW-SE trending
Caraballo Mountains (Sajona et al., 1994) (Fig. 2). The
Northern Sierra Madre arc is made up of island arc rocks
which range in age from 49 to 43 Ma (whole rock K-Ar
dating by Wolfe, 1981). The arc is a result of ancient subduction
along the present-day East Luzon Trough. A younger
(whole rock K-Ar age of 33-24 Ma) arc sequence (Japan
International Cooperative Agency-Metal Mining Agency of
Japan, 1977), consisting mostly of volcanogenic sediments,
basaltic flows and dikes in the southern portion of the
Northern Sierra Madre, shows island arc tholeiitic to calcalkaline
affinities. Quartz diorite and other intrusive rocks
in the Caraballo Range possess primitive island arc characteristics,
and their whole rock K-Ar ages range from 39
to 27 Ma (e.g., Mitchell and Leach, 1991). On the other
hand, whole rock K-Ar ages of shoshonites and island arc
tholeiites in the Southern Sierra Madre-Polillo-Catanduanes
arc range from 36.9 to 1.2 Ma (Japan International Cooperative
Agency-Metal Mining Agency of Japan, 1977).
Subduction of the Sulu Sea basin along the Negros
Trench produced the Negros calc-alkaline volcanic arc (Fig. 2).
To the east, the East Philippine Arc extends from Bicol to
eastern Mindanao (e.g., Andal et al., 2005a; McDermott et
al., 2005) (Fig. 2). Rocks from the Bicol segment of the arc
are dominantly medium- to high-K calc-alkaline, high-Al
basalts and andesites. Magmatism was related to the westward
subduction of the Philippine Sea plate along the Philippine
Trench (Weber and Knittel, 1990; Castillo and
Newhall, 2004). In the Leyte segment, the volcanoes define
a 250 km-long NW-SE belt from Biliran to Panaon islands.
Recent volcanism is linked with subduction along the Philippine
Trench (Sajona et al., 1994). The Plio-Pleistocene
lavas are largely calc-alkaline with medium to high K contents
(Ozawa et al., 2004). The Lower Oligocene-Lower
Miocene rocks in the northeastern Mindanao segment have
erupted following an increase in the angle of subduction of
the oceanic crust along the Philippine Trench (Mitchell et
al., 1986). In the northern part of eastern Mindanao, several
andesitic rocks have been radiometrically dated as late
Pliocene-Quaternary (Mitchell and Leach, 1991). The Central
Mindanao Volcanic Arc is referred to in earlier literature
as the Agusan-Lanao flood basalts (Balce et al., 1976).
This arc is interpreted to represent a magmatic response to
the collision between the western and eastern Mindanao ca.
5 Ma (Pubellier et al., 1991; Castillo et al., 1999). The PlioPleistocene volcanoes are predominantly basaltic to basaltic
andesites with minor acidic rocks (Sajona et al., 1994). The
Fig.
3.
Ophiolites and ophiolitic rocks found in different parts of the Philippine archi
pelago have been grouped according to: A. their
geographic distribution (Balce et al., 1976). The ophiolites as grouped are foun
d in: 1
Sierra Madre Range, 2
Zambales-Mindoro,
3 Eastern Bicol-Eastern Mindanao, 4
Antique, 5 southern Palawan, 6
Sulu-Zamboang
a and 7
north-central Mindanao. B.
ages and geochemical signatures (Tamayo et al., 2004). These are Belt I
Cretaceo
us sequences; II Eocene complexes with subduction
signatures; III
collision-related; IV
young ophiolites west of the suture zone;
and C. ages and possible lithospheric sources
of these complexes (Yumul et al., 2003b; Yumul, 2007). Belt 1 corresponds to Lat
e Cretaceous ophiolite complexes with metamorphic
soles whereas Belt 2 corresponds to the Early to Late Cretaceous ophiolites with
mlanges; Belt 3 includes Cretaceous to Oligocene
ophiolites along the collision zone and Belt 4 is made up of Sundaland-Eurasian
margin-derived ophiolites. See text for details.
Sulu Seas. In: Silver, E.A., Rangin, C., von Breymann, M.T. (eds.),
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results,
124, 321-338.
Bellon, H. and Yumul, G.P. Jr., 2000, Mio-Pliocene magmatism in the
Baguio Mining District (Luzon, Philippines): Age clues to its
geodynamic setting. Comptes Rendus de l Academie des Sciences
Paris, 331, 295-302.
Bellon, H. and Yumul, G.P. Jr., 2001, Miocene to Quaternary adakites
and related rocks in Western Philippine arc sequences. Comptes
Rendus de l Acadmie des Sciences, 333, 343-350.
Besana, G.M., Negishi, H. and Ando, M. 1997, The three-dimen