ch2 Servlet Basic

Bipin S Rupadiya
07/02/12
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA)
SEMESTER: IV
Server Setup & Configuration
Subject Name:
Web Technology & Application Development
(WTAD)
Subject Code: 640002
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Servlet Basics,
Basic Servlet Structure,
Servlets Generating text/plain and text/html
content,
Packaging Servlets,
The Servlet Life-Cycle
7-Feb-12
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
What is Servlet ...?
Servlet is a Java program that run on Web

or application servers,
It behave like a middle layer between
requests coming from the clients Web
browsers and databases server or
applications on the HTTP server
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
What servlet does...
Read explicit data sent by client
form data which client want to process
Read implicit data sent by client
Benefits
request headers information
Generate the results
Send the explicit data back to client
Send the implicit data to client
Saves time
Response time increases
It is scalable
Process the summited data
Only one copy of servlet is loaded into JVM.

Each request begins a new thread to servlet than a
process.
JVM
Servlet 1
Request for Servlet 1
After processing result is posted back to client
thread
Servlet 2
status codes and response headers
www.bipinrupadiya.blogspot.com
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Bipin S Rupadiya
07/02/12
Benefits
Efficient
Convenient
Powerful
Portable
Secure
Inexpensive
Servlet Basics,
Servlet use Threads instead of OS processes, so one servlet copy of servlet

persistence on server
Servlet is Lots of high-level utilities for web development
It has very powerful feature like Sharing data, pooling, persistence
It can run on all operating systems and servers
No shell escapes, no buffer overflows
There are many free and low-cost servers available to run servlet.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Servlet Implementation
Basic Servlet Structure

import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ServletName extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
// Use "req object to read incoming HTTP headers
// Example : cookies and query data from HTML forms.
// Use "res" object to specify the HTTP response status
// code and headers Example: the content type, cookies.
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// Use "out" object to send content to browser.
}
}
Servlet use classes and interfaces from two packages
javax.servlet
It contains classes to support generic protocol
javax.servlet.http
It extends classes in servlet package to add HTTP specific

functionality.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
10
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Basic Servlet element
doGet
doPost
HttpServletRequest
HttpServletResponse
Servlets Generating text/plain

and text/html content
Use for an HTTP GET request.

Use for and HTTP GET request
Contains anything that comes from the client browser
Used to send data/result to the browser. Using PrintWriter
object that points to the browser.
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Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
12
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Bipin S Rupadiya
07/02/12
A Servlet response
Specify which kind of data you are sending
Example
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
Etc
Modify the println statements to build HTML page
Use HTML tags in Print statements which generate html

output
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
13
import java.io.*;
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException
{
out.println("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>WTAD</TITLE></HEAD> <body>");
String str="<h1>welcome to </h1>";
str=str+"<br>www.bipinrupadiya.blogspot.com";
out.println(str);
out.println("</body> </html>");
}
}
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
14
Tomcat install directory / webapps
web.xml structure
Application Name
Give name to servlet

<servlet>
<servlet-name>MyName</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>myPackage.MyServlet</servlet-class>
WEB-INF
</servlet>
classes
<servlet-mapping>
FileName.class
<servlet-name>MyName</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/my-address</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
web.xml
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
15
Resultant URL
Any identifier for servlet name
But both must be identical
<servlet-name>bipin1984</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>oet</servlet-class>
http://hostname/appName/my-address
http://localhost:8081/bipin/wtad/bsr.co.in
</servlet> Fully qualified class name

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>bipin1984</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/wtad/bsr.co.in</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<web-app>
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
16
Example of web.xml
<web-app>
<servlet>
Give address (URL mapping) to servlet
Protocol
Custom URL for servlet
Web Application name
Host / domain name
Servlet custom URL
17
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
18
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Bipin S Rupadiya
07/02/12
Output
Packaging Servlets
As in OOP Code must be organized and should be

reused
Package provide the grouping of all related classes
To put our servlets in packages, we need to perform the
following two step
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
19
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
20
Tomcat install directory / webapps
Example
Application Name
WEB-INF
classes
Package
FileName.class
web.xml
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
21
package bsr; // bsr is the sub directory of classes

import java.io.*;
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet
{
throws ServletException,IOException
{
out.println("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>WTAD</TITLE></HEAD> <body>");
String str="<h1>welcome to </h1>";
str=str+"<br>www.bipinrupadiya.blogspot.com";
out.println(str);
out.println("</body> </html>");
}
}
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
22
Output
Servlet Life Cycle
init
24
Handles GET, POST, etc. requests.

Override these to provide desired behavior.
destroy
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Called in a new thread by server for each request.

Dispatches to doGet, doPost, etc.
Do not override this method!
doGet, doPost
Executed once when the servlet is first loaded.

Not called for each request.
service
23
Place the files in a subdirectory that matches the intended

package name
Insert a package statement in the class file
Called when server deletes servlet instance.

Not called after each request.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Bipin S Rupadiya
07/02/12
Servlet Life Cycle
1. Servlet Initialisation
In this first stage, the servlets constructor is
1. Servlet Initialisation
called together with the servlet method init( ) this

is called automatically once during the servlets
2. Servlet Execution
execution life cycle and can be used to place any

one-off initialisation such as opening a connection
3. Servlet Destruction
to a database.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
25
2. Servlet Execution
3. Servlet Destruction
Once your Servlet is initialised and its init()

method called, any request that the Servlet Container
receives will be forwarded to your Servlets service()
method. HttpServlet class breaks this service() method
into more useful doGet(), doPost(), doDelete(),
doOptions(), doPut() and doTrace() methods depending
on the type of HTTP request it receives. So in order to
generate response you should override the doGet() or
doPost() method as per your requirement.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
27
When your application is stopped or Servlet

Container shuts down, your Servlet's destroy() method
will be called to clean up any resources allocated during
initialisation and to shutdown gracefully. Hence, this
acts as a good place to deallocate resources such as an
open file or open database connection.
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
28
Example
Thanks . . .
import java.io.*;
public class LotteryNumber extends HttpServlet {
private int[] numbers = new int[10];
public void init() throws ServletException {
for(int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++) {
numbers[i] = randomNum();
} }
throws ServletException,
IOException
{
out.println("<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Bipin Rupadiya</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><OL>");
for(int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++) {
out.println(" <LI>" + numbers[i]);
}
out.println("</OL></BODY></HTML>");
}
private int randomNum() {
return((int)(Math.random() * 100));
}}
29
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
26
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya
Contact:
Bipin S. Rupadiya
(MCA, PGDCA, BCA)
Assistant Professor, JVIMS

Mo. : +91-9228582425
Email : rupadiyabipin@gmail.com
Blog : www.rupadiyabipin.blogspot.com
30
Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

ch2 Servlet Basic

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Bipin S Rupadiya

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Server Setup & Configuration

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

What is Servlet ...?

Servlet is a Java program that run on Web

What servlet does...

Read explicit data sent by client

form data which client want to process

Read implicit data sent by client

request headers information

Generate the results

Send the explicit data back to client

Send the implicit data to client

Process the summited data

Only one copy of servlet is loaded into JVM.

Request for Servlet 1

After processing result is posted back to client

Request for Servlet 2

Request for Servlet 1

status codes and response headers

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Servlet use Threads instead of OS processes, so one servlet copy of servlet

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Basic Servlet Structure

Servlet use classes and interfaces from two packages

It contains classes to support generic protocol

It extends classes in servlet package to add HTTP specific

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Basic Servlet element

Servlets Generating text/plain

Use for an HTTP GET request.

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Specify which kind of data you are sending

Modify the println statements to build HTML page

Use HTML tags in Print statements which generate html

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Tomcat install directory / webapps

Give name to servlet

</servlet> Fully qualified class name

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Give address (URL mapping) to servlet

Servlet custom URL

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

As in OOP Code must be organized and should be

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Tomcat install directory / webapps

package bsr; // bsr is the sub directory of classes

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Servlet Life Cycle

Handles GET, POST, etc. requests.

Mr. Bipin Rupadiya

Called in a new thread by server for each request.

Executed once when the servlet is first loaded.

Place the files in a subdirectory that matches the intended