TITLE PAGE

COMPUTER BASED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

(A CASE STUDY OF IMT ENUGU STATE)

BY

OZUZU CHIKERE GIFT

05E/0242/CS
AND
OKORONKWO MICHEAL O.
05E/0241/CS

A PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NEKEDE OWERRI

AUGUST, 2008.

APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that this project was carried out through combine
efforts and under the laid down procedures of supervision of
the computer science department.

.
DR. O.I UGWU

..
DATE

SUPERVISOR/COORDINATOR

.
DR. O.I UGWU

.
DATE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

.
EXTERNAL EXAMINER

..
DATE

DEDICATION

This project work is dedicated to Almighty God.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our thanks to our parents Mr. & Mrs.

Okoronkwo and Mr. & Mrs. Ozuzu for their support both morally
and finally throughout our studies.
Our thanks also go to our supervisor Dr. O. Ugwu

for his

closely supervision in making this research work a success. To

all the lecturers

in computer science department for their

possible best to impart defined knowledge to us.

Finally, but not too apologetically, I appreciate the help rendered
by Miss Rita who type and made valuable suggestion. I say a
big thanks to you all and God bless.

ABSTRACT

An abstract of computer based management information system

for institute of management and technology IMT Enugu.
By Ozuzu Chikere Gift and Okoronkwo Micheal O. The
information system was to the organization as what the
nervous system was to the body. An organization cannot
function without information. A lack of information or a lack of
good information may seriously impair the effectiveness of an
organization. With this in mind, I started off the design
package. It features can elaborate software package that is
designed to simplify matters for package for the user by
assisting him in providing information for decision making.
Computer based information system accept (as input) store in
a data base) and display (as output) strings of symbols that are
grouped in various ways. It contains messages or knowledge
that aids the user in making a decision.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of table
List of figure
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1

Introduction

1.2

Statement of the problem

1.3

Objective of the study

1.4

Delimitation of the study

1.5

Limitation of the study

1.6

Definition of terms

1.7

Assumption of the study

1.8

Importance of the study

1.9

Organization of study

CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literature
2.1

Introduction

2.2

Role of information in decision making

2.3

The basic information system model

2.4

Decision making

2.5

Element of decision making and decision making problem

2.6

Decision making under certainty

2.7

Decision making under risk and uncertainty

2.8

Application of the decision making process.

2.9

Condition

of

comparative

advantages

processing
2.10 Processing tasks
2.11 Model of computer data processing
CHAPTER THREE
3.1

Introduction

3.2

Research instrument/techniques

3.3

System analysis of existing system

3.4

Proposed system

3.5

System requirement

for

computer

3.6

System design

3.7

Input specification

3.8

Output

3.9

Flow chart

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1

Introduction

4.2

System objective

4.3

System testing

4.4

System validation

4.5

Staff training

4.6

Change over

4.7

Maintenance and system upgrade

4.8

System implication

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1

Summary of findings

5.2

Conclusion and Recommendations

5.3

Suggestion for further research

References
Bibliography

Appendix
CHAPTER ONE

1.1

INTRODUCTION

This project is design to provide the essential information in the

best possible way for the reader to understand the numerous
problems facing the management as a system and also how best
the problems will be tacked using an automated system or a
computerized system. Some of these problems which have
attracted the attention of the management and that of the public
are, the availability of information, the pattern of keeping files, the
way in which desired files are retrieved, the speed at which the
decision making process is achieved etc. The accuracy, standard,
completeness and presentation of information are not left out.

1.2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem has been largely, the pattern of keeping many files
that are confidential to the management. Thus the way these files
are kept, makes it appear cumbersome and difficulties to sort out a
particular file when the need arises. Besides a certain fields

contains in a particular record of file is usually repeated in another

file or record.

Furthermore, other problems observed are the timeless an on

going physical operation like, the computation of the student final
C.G.P.A at the end of the academic year, also it may take a great
deal of time to accomplish the sorting out of a particular file that
needed to be process, thus as a result, it slow down the speed of
decision making process. In most cases, however the files are
found not be accurate and comprehensive. Secondly the file might
be presented in a manner not meaningful to the decision to be
made.

1.3

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to see how the major problems of the
management are solved or tackled with information technology.
Thus, ensure that.
i.

The need of information planning write, periodically

ensure that there is no over staffing in areas of
specialization within a giving discipline.

ii.

There is need to access the workload on academic

staffing order, so as to ensure the staff/students interest
and also to ensure that, the NBTE guidelines in resources
allocations are met.

iii.

Participation in the budget revival and recommendation,

preparation of the academic benefit for the section and
also development plans are seriously forwarded.

1.4

DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The conclusion will be drawn back on the information and data

processed and analyzed from the research hypothesis.

1.5

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In carrying out this study, I cover department in the institutes of

management and technology (IMT) Enugu.
I encountered a lot of difficulties with the workers who where to
respond to my questionnaires that base on my research.
1.6

DEFINITION OF TERMS

C.P.L.S: Computer base planning information system NOTE:

Computer base simply means computer oriented which is referred
to how computer can be used to solve numerous problems.
INFORMATION: This is refers to as data that has been processed.
Information can also be used as an input. In decision-making i.e.
communicated knowledge in the form, that it makes decision
making to make meaning and useful.
PLANNING: Determining long-term objectives and goals and
setting formulating policies on the goals, which will be achieved.
RECORD: All items related to an object of data processing e.g. a
payroll record for transaction of files.
FIELD: This is the collection of related data or that are in the form
of a records.
PROCESS: This is a systematic sequence of operation to produce
a specifies result
PROGRAM: This is a suit of instruction given to a computer to
perform a specific task. It is also a virtual piece of software that
contain instruction for performing a particular task.

FLOW CHART: This is a graphical representation of information in

which symbols are used to show the sequence of operation, data
flow and what the flow represent with respect.
SYSTEM: This is the combination of elements their attributes and
their interrelationship which is organized in order to achieved a
common objectives or goals.
SOFTWARE: This is a set of instruction given to a is computer
which enable it to process a particular task.

1.7

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

The following assumptions are made for the purpose of the

research work.
i.

It was ensure that the benefit of computer base in

organization of IMT is the same in other polytechnics.

ii.

The staff member in the institute are generally like other

staff member in other polytechnics

1.8

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study automate the following below:

a. To coordinate academic programmes for national

development plan.
b. To ensure on time availability of information
c. To ensure accuracy in C.G.P.A computation
d. To ensure also C.G.P.A is computer automatically.
e. To ensure timeliness and completeness of information.

1.9

ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This project work is divided into five chapters, chapter one, deals
on the introduction, which comprises statement of the problems,
research hypothesis, delimitation, limitation, definition of term,
assumption of the study and the importance of the study. Chapter
two is centered on review of the related interactive. Chapter three
deals with the design of the study, the representation and analysis
of data are part of what we will discuss in chapter four and finally,
chapter five deals with the summary or finding, conclusion and
recommendation base on the research work.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1

INTRODUCTION

Information is data placed in a meaningful and useful context for

an end user, on the other hand information system is a collection
of people, procedures and resources that collects, transforms and
disseminates information in an organization. It provides the
structure, technology and the flexibility to enhance the users ability
to except information and takes decision. Thus, it is an important
problem solving technique for defining and analyzing a system.

2.2

ROLE OF INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING

One of the roles is that, it supports decision-making. Computer

based planning information system should provides planning and
control information that is been processed and analyzed in a way
that support the management decision process. It is obvious that
computer cannot perform everything that human beings can do,
but human beings can do anything computation can do. But it is
just that computer can do it in such a speed that computer can do

it in such a speed that human beings cannot be able to do it. Thus,

computer is characterized as a moronic assistant that only work
when instructed. Nevertheless, computer only do what it is
instructed and these destruction will have to be executed strictly
base only some certain condition relating to what action should be
perform. Moreover, there are some occasions that a computer
capability exceeds that of human beings. Thus, human beings
have some intensive advantages over a computer. In this case,
information processing system suggests that in designing a
system. Man and computer should be considered. Hence a man
machine system, in which each is assigned the most appropriate
and acceptable role, should be designed.
The table below table 2.1 is a comparison of computer and human
beings in performing information processing tasks.
Reason for comparison
Man
Speed of execution
Slow
The ability to continue Poor

Computer
Extremely fact
Very good

processing data over an

extended period
Ability to remember, Inaccurately
recall

and

information

retrieve

Accurately

Accuracy at doing work

Ability

to

Make errors

consistently Unperfect

Does

make

mistakes
Perfect.

follow instruction
Ability to innovate in new Good

Cannot

situation
Ability to learn by trial Good

Cannot

and error
Convectively

Cannot

Good

not

From the table above, mans rate of data processing is slow or

poor. His ability in data processing is slow and completely
inaccurate sometimes. But man has two advantage, namely, to
innovate and to reasons historically. The ability to innovate and
adapt means that his set of instruction does not have to anticipate
everything that could happen just because, he can relate the new
situation to old ones and then make his decision and execute a
new procedure or task immediately. Man can reason historically in
the sense that he can learn by trial and error and as well make
discovery. Thus his reasoning is not in a step-by-step way. This will
enable him search a conclusion based on trial and error method.

Furthermore, a man is aware of his environment and has past

experience, which will contribute in his decision making he is also
best suited for thinking, reasoning and discovering while computer
has only the information which the programs of that instruct it
made available for it. Finally, a computer is best adapted to
calculate, manipulate and compare based on the information or
data supplied to it.
An information processing system is a computer the overall
system can be factored or divided into sub-system. This subsystem is the basic units of control because each of these subsystem can be assigned as a unit to group charged with
developing the sub-system according to the specifications that the
information processing system is compared of. In order for the
individual system or applications to be properly planned and
evaluated, these should be a master plan for the development of
the entire system.

2.3

THE BASIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Information is the basic for actions and decision making, which can
be as Information
penult of processing
the personnel in an organization andDecision
persons out

Raw data

Procession
mechanism

Information

Decision
model

Decision
making

guide the organization. The analysis and development of

specification should be involve both a system analyst and the
people who will use the information. Information is mostly used for
decision making. This it can be said to be a knowledge or
message that enable the recipient to make and/or improve the
making of a decision in order to enable the organization achieve
their goals, below is a diagram showing how information
processing system plays a great role in decision making

Diagram 2.1
HOW INFORMATION HELP IN DECISION MAKING
From the above diagram, it is obvious that the decision-making
planning and control by the management can be done from the
information processing system. The information processing system
is all about transforming input (data) into output (information). The
programming system needs data previously collected and stored
and current data to able to carryout it processing activities when

data is added, the processing function includes not only the

transformation of data but will also store the outcome of the newly
processed data for further use. From the output of processed data,
computer base information system should be able to provides
planning and control information in such a way that it will support
the decision process of a management or an organization. The
present of information system I an organization have increased
drastically as the world becomes more complex and dynamic. This
as a result, has made competent managers or managing director
to reawaking their working condition or procedure to enable them
adjust more quickly with the rapid changes of their envious. Thus
the computer is of great importance and an be of great assistance
in speeding processing and analysis of data to creation information
that management can used to achieve their decision making
objectives.

The

misuse

of

the

powerful

tool

computer

management, their information system and/or procession staff is

as a result of not knowing how this computer can be use
effectively to help in data processing and information system
function and the need the this project.

Historically, reporting to management has been on annual basis

processing has been largely in the batch made after the close it an
operating cycle or an accounting period. At the point transaction
were processed all file may be updated which the conditions of the
management or organization will determine the long the of time
required for them which may be as a result of their operating
system. Below show how information system get data retrieve
store processed the data and gives transform data or output.

Data store

Input data

2.4

Processing

Output or
transformed data

DECISION MAKING

In the previous heading, we have talked about the rule of

information in decision-making. In this heading, we will talk about
the decision-making and the process of making the decision

Henry Fayol (1449) and Lyndau Urwrweh (1952) considered

decision making in relation to its impact on delegation and

authority while Fredrick N. Taylor only allowed to scientific

methods are an approach to decision making. There is no
constitution what solver that should be consulted before a decision
is made. This decision-making consciously or unconsciously
contains general guidelines. When making decision besides, this
general guideline and/or process the decision-making follows are
what we look into:
Below are difference types of decision processes or phases that
leads to proper decision making.
i.

Definition of problems

ii.

Analysis of the problems

iii.

Developing alternative solution to the problems

iv.

Decision the best solution for the problem among all the
problem solution.

v.

Implementing the decision via effective action that will

lead to solving the problem.

From the first, the problem should be defined. Knowing the cause
and/or the source of a problem is one way of solving it. Not
withstanding, its not that easy to differentiate the problem from its
solution. The decision-making must consider this first. For

instance, when a companies sales declares continuously. The

possible problem many as a result of inferences of the product or
the product been given proper advertisement. So the decision
maker should be looking at the problem to enable find a solution,
instead of looking it symptom, which is the declination of sales.
Having defined the problem, the thing is to be gathering facts
relevant to help solving the problems. The analysis of the
problems comes next. The analysis entails the stops employed by
the decision making body in going through the facts at hand with
respect to a particular problem and bringing together the relevant
facts and discard the unrelevant ones, which is for the possible
ways of solving that problems.
Having define the problem and analyzed the available information.
The development of alternative solution comes in. this can also be
called formulation of hypothesis. Its obvious hardly do a particular
problem have one solution. Thus, its the duty of the decision
maker to this alternative solution, which may refer to as concepts
and chooses the best suitable solution for the problem. There, the
information and data should be continually re-arranged, so that
new concept emerges. At this point, the decision makers will arrive

a to a tentative solution for the problem using both indicative and

deductive resourcing. The selection of a decision is the making of
a choice between two or more alternative. That is to say that, it will
be unusual for a manager to have only one alternative solution for
a problem, where this occurs. It will be assumed that manager is
not making a decision but following rules. The problem of a
manager should be that of selecting one alternative solution form
many.

2.5

DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS

The decision-making problems are of two kinds, namely:

i.

Decision making under certainty

ii.

Decision making under uncertainty and risk

2.5.1 DECISION MAKING UNDER CERTAINTY

Problem here are called structured problem. This is because, the
decision maker is able to define the problem, the alternative, the
probabilities (either objectively or subjectively), the evaluation
technique and finally corrival at a decision. This kind of decision-

making is usually referred to as programmed or routine decision

making.

2.5.2 DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK AND UNCERTAINTY

They is called unstructured non-programmed or non-routine
decision-making. Decision making here, is complex an use at
highest (top) level in the hierarchy of a management. The absence
of one or more of many parameters of decision-making (such as
utility functions squeegees, events) will hamper proper decisionmaking.

2.6

APPLICATION OF THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS

In applying decision-making process, the manager may act as an

analysis decision maker as a sentimental decision maker
(personal for sentiment for evaluation in organization and feelings).
Whether a manager will tend to be analytic or not will, will strictly
depend on the factors below.
i.

The environments that triggers the decision making

process. (Both internal and external).

ii.

The anatomy of the decision maker

iii.

The impact of the decision

iv.

The personality of the decision maker

Generally, analytic decision-making tends to more appropriate for

problems that are created with a stable environment. The reason
for this is that in such more time are created with a stable
environment situation the decision maker has more time tend more
opportunity to gather and evaluate enough information and to use
formal analytical methods.

2.7

CONDITIONS OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE FOR

COMPUTER PROCESSING

The only alternative to computer processing (automatic) is manual

processing. Each of these methods has its merits and demerits.
Therefore, an understanding of demerits and merits of each is
useful in deciding the data processing method. Hence the table
below which has factors to be considered and the comparative
advantages of the difference processing methods.
Factors
Set up

Explanation
Comparatives
The time required to Ranking
get

ready

processing

for

i.

Manual

ii.

Machine

iii.

Computer

iv.
i.

Punch card
Manual

ii.

Machine

and

iii.

Punch card

unusual

iv.

Computer

Complexity

conditions
of The ease with which

i.

Computer

processing

system can handy

ii.

Manual

complexes logic

iii.

Punch

iv.

Punch card

v.
i.

Machine
Computer

ii.

Punch card

iii.

Machine

The ease with which

iv.
i.

Manual
Computer

the

processing

ii.

Punched

method

adapts

Flexibility

and Ease of change in

variability

processing
procedures
landing

Speed of processing The time required

for processing

Work lead respond

Accuracy

to

card

change volume of

iii.

Manual

transactions
Rate
of

error

iv.
i.

Machine
Computer

expectancy random

ii.

Punch card

2.8

errors difference to

iii.

Machine

create

iv.

Manual

DATA PROCESSING TASK

In processing data/information, different methods are employed.

The processes of producing a schedule report in different form
from that of producing a special report which can a request or
inquiring. In the case of schedule report, I think that data
requirement is known in advance. In the case request or inquiry,
the data requirement is not known.

In carrying out the tasks of transaction processing, updating and

maintenance, report preparation and special analysis, the
processing system will engage in several activities such activities
are input activities, processing activities, output activities. All these
activities are all encapsulation in computer processing.

2.9

MODES OF COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING

The mode of processing are of different type viz

The

processing

accumulated.

periodically

batches

of

data

that

have

Processing immediately each transaction as it occurs.

The periodically processing is usually termed batch processing
while immediate processing is refer to as or often termed an line
processing because the input devices which are used for receiving
transaction are connected by communications lines to the
computer and data is processed immediately and not periodically.

These are many variation and combination of these two model of

data processing. A major factor affecting the mode of data
processing is the accessibility data. This has to do with the type of
storage media involve. This files or data can be occurs directly or
sequentially.

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY

3.1

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we will be looking at how the collected facts and

figurines about the existing system will be analyses. The analyzing
of the system will be based on the operating method, inefficiency,
problems with managing the staff members and the available
resources, and so on. At the feasibility study, the analyzing of work
is referred to as system analyses.

The design of the system will be base on the outcome of the

feasibility study, nevertheless, the system design entire, input,
output, files processing, procedures and security etc.

3.2

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT/TECHNIQUE

The methods used for data collection were personal interviews,

observations, and documentary evidence.
Personal

interview:

The

director

of

academic

planning

department granted the research personnel interview on issues

that actually requires his attention and permitted other staff

members of the institution to give attention to the research
personal where vital facts were required.
Observations: From observation, it was obvious that the worker
at the exams and records of the institution calculate the students
CGPA manually. The students CGPA are not properly calculated.
These omissions of scores just because not all the course are
recorded.
Documentary

evidence:

the

researcher

inspected

the

documentation of important document and the states of the

document were accustomed.

3.3

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The director of exams and records planning assist the rector in the
institute wide planning, especially in academic financial and exam
matters. The director carries out duties like
i.

General planning and co-ordination which involve

a. Unnecessary duplication of results
b. Programme planning to fulfill the institution needs.

ii.

Institution planning and coordination which involved

a. Defunction

of the scope of each staff in the

department.
b. Facilities planning which involves
iii.

Facilities planning which involves

a. Preparation of academics briefs on the exams and
result of students
b. Ensuring that students result are available and on time.

Currently, there are seven members of staff, which includes:

i.

Assistance chief executive officers (Exams/record)

ii.

Planning officer

iii.

Secretary

iv.

Senior typist
a. Typist I
b. Typist II

3.4

PROPOSED SYSTEM

Virtually every educated person is aware of the wonders the

computer can perform. The computer has overtaking other method
through which things are done. Hence, this research work is aimed
at using the computer to calculate the CGPA of ND III computer

science students, with the software design from this research

work, calculating students CGPA will be done with ease, becomes
reliable more accurate, require less human effort (less staff
members involving in CGPA calculation) efficient and so on.

However, computerized CGPA calculation will ensure that scores

is processed and output accurately without any CGPA calculation
error.

3.5

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system (Computerization of CGPA calculation) should be

able to perform the following
i.

Calculate CGPA

ii.

Produce report and required for management decision

making

iii.

Maintain data integrity

iv.

Provide a better and more durable means of gathering

information about the students

v.

Storage capacity and capability: The system will store

many data/information and produce information when the
need arise.

vi.

The system will produce information accurately and at a

very high speed.

3.5.1 MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE SYSTEM

The new system will at least accomplish the following objectives
i.

Give accurate CGPA of student in NDIII in computer

science

ii.

Maintain data integrity

iii.

Give instant/feedback on the total member of students

who made from 2.5 up 4.0

iv.

Produce a successful CGPA computation print for each

student.

3.6

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

In the system requirements of the system, we will talk about the

software and hardware requirement

i.

Software requirement: The software is divided into two

namely:
a. Operating system software
b. Application software

For this project, the required operating system in window XP,

visual studio 2005.
Printer software to drive the printer form printout and an SQL
server.
ii.

Hardware requirement AP4 PC or PIII with high speed

processor about 900 NITS

iii.

Uninterrupted power supply (ups)

iv.

A printer, e.g. HFP 4180 desk jet

v.

About 512MB of RAM and 40GB of permanent storage

device (HDD) other optional requirement are

Air conditioner and steady power supply with standby generating

set.

3.7

SYSTEM DESIGN

This is the process of creating a new system or deliberately

redesigning an existing system. The research here concentrates

on the development of an entirely new system. The system will

have to be in such a way that its objectives will e achieved. The
system will have to be in such a way that its objectives will be
achieve.
The input requirement and expected output obtained to produce a
model of the system to be designed, later will look like and shown
below:

3.7.1 INPUT SPECIFICATION

The main input device for design is the keyboard, scanner,
DVD/CD Driver, light pen, and visual display unit.

3.7.2 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION

The output is the result of the processed input. The softcopy is
gotten from the visual display unit and the hardcopy is gotten from
the printer.

Start

Enter password

No

If
passwor
d
chikere

Please enter the

correct password

Yes
Supply personal
information by filling the
form

Enter the scores for the first

semester courses

If scores
numbers

No

Please enter
numeric values

Yes
Calculate the first year first
semester CGPA

Enter the scores for the second year

second semester course

If scores
numbers
Yes

No

Please enter
numeric values

Calculate the CGPA for first year

second semester CGPA

Enter the scores for the second

year first ssemester course

No

If scores
numbers

Please enter
numeric values

Yes
Calculate the CGPA second year
first semester courses

Enter the scores for the second year

second semester courses

No
Please enter
numeric values

If scores
numbers
Yes
Calculate the CGPA for second
year second semester courses

Enter the scores for the second year

second semester course

If scores
numbers
Yes

No

Please enter
numeric values

Calculate the CGPA for second

year second semester courses

Enter the scores for the third year

first semester courses

If scores
numbers

No

Please enter
numeric values

Yes
Calculate the CGPA for third
year first semester courses

Enter the scores for the third second

semester courses

If scores
numbers
Yes
Calculate the CGPA for third
year second semester courses

Show the CGPA of a student

Yes

If you
want to
calculate
any CGPA

Stop

Please enter
numeric values

CHAPTER FOUR

IMPLEMENTATION AND SYSTEM SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

4.1

INTRODUCTION

The system implementation and system software development has

to do with the writing of a computer program, test running the
program and implementing the program in other words changing
from the old system to the new system. The program is the system
software, thus is a set of written instruction that a programming
language will have to execute in order to achieve a desired
objective. The staff training, change over procedure system
maintenance and system upgrade, and the actual system
implementation re all encapsulated in this chapter. At the
implementation stage, the old system will be replaced with the new
one. The new system in designed to run in a computer, that meets
the system requirement and music posses about 5MB of free
memory space in the permanent storage device.

4.2

SYSTEM PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

When developing the system software writing the program the

following objectives are to be pursued.
CLARITY: Its obvious that coding a program is very cumbersome.
The algorithm of a program appears to be less complex than the
coding of program itself. Thus, the coding should be done with
almost carefulness to enable its notification in the feature a
success. The system programming charity is of paramount
important to the programmes, as this will help him/her in designing
debugging and future upgrade of the system. Moreso, it will still be
helpful to others who will read the program and modify it in the
future. To achieve program clarity, the following should be
considered.
i.

Logical separation of text into meaningful parts which

repeats the distinction between the subject described and
relationship between them.

ii.

Commenting the program gives room for more and more

understanding of the program syntax and the function of
each statement.

iii.

The program coding should be very simple and the choice

of syntax and statement also shouldnt be left out.

CAPABILITY: The program should be capable

of solving the

programs of which its been design for. Thus, if the program

(software) is capable of solving the problem of which its been for,
that means that aim of the research work is defected.
CORRECTNESS: The correctness of the system program entails
how to meet the specification of the system is coded in such a way
that it will solve the particular task for which the program is written
for. Thus, the programmer must be mindful of act all tunes of the
correctness and adequacy of the program with respect to its
specified purpose. One of the key factors in achieving program
correctness is simplicity. Thus, when the algorithm is very simple,
though mistake will also occur but the programmer will easily trace
the mistake.

4.3

SYSTEM TESTING

At this level, it assumed that the system is due for implementation.

So system testing is carried to ensure that the system is work
perfectly. It involves going through the written program of the
system.

Furthermore, testing a program is a process if executing a

program with an intention of finding, correcting and removing error,
testing the program involves checking the following:
i.

Syntax error

ii.

Semantic error

iii.

Logical error

iv.

Runtime error

3.1

DEBUGGING

A bug id an error message in either syntax or logical of a computer

program. Debugging is the process of removing the bugs from a
computer program. So all the bugs (error) are under bug and can
be handled in debugging.

4.4

SYSTEM VALIDATION

The system is tested to ascertain its validity. Thus the system input
is what should be checked to avoid error and this is done
during the program coding. Data can be validated through
the following ways.
i.

Before input to the system; this involves the actual proof

reading of data before keeping it into the computer, as
this will prevent errors that will make the system invalid.

ii.

User input to the system: What the user input to the

program (software) should be checked; this is to guide
against keying in invalid data type which will crash the
system software.

4.5

STAFF TRAINING

Training the staff entails educating them on how best to use the
new system in order to by able to solve the problem at
stake. These training are strictly based on the complexity of
the system in question, and the skills readily available.
Nevertheless, the system software is designed for easy
understanding such that with or without any knowledge in
computer operation, one can still use it. Therefore, the
management should ensure that all the people involved in
the training are not dull brain.
To fasten the training and ensure effective understanding of
system software, the following below should be considered
been of paramount important.
i.

Provision

of

handbook

to

the

trainees

and

the

organization
ii.

Organizing seminars for the staff involve

iii.

Other job training: - this is where the trainees learn as the

work and being supervised.

In all the approaches, parallel approach is said to be the best and

more reliable just because:

a. It reduces the risk of changing the system at once and

gives room for a good test of the new system.
b. It makes provision for the standby of the old system,
should the new system fail or break down
c. It makes provision for correction. In the new system, if
any.

4.6

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The system implementation as to do with training and educating

the personnel, the final testing of the system requires that
all aprt of the system music work together, that is the
program (software) and the other necessary components of
the system music sum together smoothly. During the
implementation, the programmer or system analyst music
be there to help plan for the new system to come. He write
the program or develop the software understand the new
system

and

train

the

staff.

To crown

implementation of the new system involves.

i.

Testing of the new system

ii.

Training of the new system

it

all,

the

iii.

Changing over the system

iv.

Review and maintenance of the system

4.7

CHANGE OVER PROCEDURE

Change over to a new system involves four different methods or

approach namely:
i.

Pilot approach

ii.

Phase approach

iii.

Parallel approach

iv.

Direct approach

PILOT APPROACH: Here, the system is timed in one section and

if its works properly then it will gradually implemented fully.
PHASE APPROACH: Here, the implementation of the system is
done phase by phase (part by part) if one part of the new
system perfectly replace the old one, then the best of the
system will be implemented.

PARALLEL APPROACH: The parallel approach can be called

dual system way of operation. In the sense that, the new
system is operated along side with the old. This ensures
that the new system meets the standard of the already
existing old system and that since the new system will
perform more effectively the same work that can be done
with the old system, the old system will be become
obsolete.
DIRECT APPROACH: In this approach of change over the old
system discard and the new system takes over. This shows
the ultimate confidence in the designed new system and its
capability.

4.8

THE IMPLEMENTED

System should be take care of, to ensure its continuous use. The
system should periodically be maintained. After some time,
the system should be reviewed. Reviewing the system will
help the management determine whether the new system
has achieved its aim. So system upgrade is done after
system review. The management will decide whether they
want upgrade after system review. The upgrading of the
system involves modify the program and changing of some
system components and this is done by the system
analysis or programmers.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0
5.1

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

The research findings which come about as a result of the analysis

of the collected data the subsequent test or formulated and
the formulated hypothesis carried out and it was discovered
that as long as there are many task to be done, the use of
computer is more appropriate computer is extremely faster
and accurate.

5.2

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS

The design of computer based planning information system may

not be easy to a student who ahs not gotten the
experience. This is because it is not a project one can just
read up in textbooks. It is not even ought to read thesis of
similar projects. This is because each project is not only
unique but also depends on the designer. It therefore
requires a lot of experience and understanding. The
experience and information used to carry out this project
were obtained from my advise, our Head of department and
various computer consultancy firm notably computer media.
Infact, our involvement in computer based information
system has exposed us in no small way. This design, if
adopted by the planning department, IMT Enugu will help in
providing information for decision making at a fast rate. It is
expected that various authorities will approve the design.
We recommend their project is challenging and exposing,
as this should continue to be assigned to student to prepare
them for self-employment in this area of joblessness.

5.3

SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

On key element in determining the most efficient and economical

processing procedure and devices to use in an information
system is the volume of processing handled by the system.
The greater the details, the harder it is the grasp the
information content. The researcher is of the view at further
study be carried out on data based management system
for polytechnics.