C - Training

Introduction & History of C

C is structured, high level machine independent language.
The root of modern programming language is ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language),
which was introduced in early 1960's.
In 1967, Martin Richards developed BCPL (Basic Combined Programming
Language) for writing system software.
Ken Thompson created a language using BPCL and called it as B. B was used to
create early version of UNIX operating system.
C was developed from the languages such as ALGOL, BCPL and B by Dennis Ritchie
at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1972.
History of C

FEATURES OF C LANGUAGE

C is a Structured Programming Language and powerful language.

C is a versatile Language (i.e.,) it has features of both Low Level Languages and High
Level Languages.

C is a highly portable language. Source Program written in one computer can be

compiled, executed and run on another computer with less modification.

\It increases the readability of Program. Program can be modified without affecting
the other parts of a program.

C is a Case Sensitive Language. It differentiates both Upper Case and Lower Case
separately.

C language is used for developing software packages, system software, database

systems, graphics packages, spread sheets, CAD/CAM applications, word processors,
office automation, scientific and engineering applications.
Executing A C-Program

Structure of a 'C' program

Sample C-Program

Programming in C
The task of processing of data is accomplished by executing a sequence of precise
instructions called program.
Character Set
Characters that can be used to form words, numbers, expressions and statements are
called character set.
Letters
Digits
Special Characters
White Space
C Tokens
In a passage text, individual words and punctuation marks are called as token.

Keyword

Constants

Variables
A variable is a data name that may be used to store a data value.
A variable may take different values at different times of execution and may be
chosen by the programmer in a meaningful way.
Rules for defining variables
They must begin with a letter. Some systems permit underscore as the first character.
ANSI standard recognizes a length of 31 characters. However, the length should not
be normally more than eight characters.
Uppercase and lowercase are significant.
The variable name should not be a keyword.
White space is not allowed.
Data Types

Data types specifies the type of data that can be handled or stored in a variable.
C' data type can be classified mainly into 3 types,
Primary or Fundamental data types.

User-defined data types.

Derived data types.

PRIMARY D A T A TYPES