Session 9

Electrical and Magnetic Fields, Transients

and Lightning Shielding

Computation of electric and magnetic fields

Lightning transient studies
Comparison of circuit and field approaches
Lightning shielding analysis
Computer workshop

V e c t o r P o t e n t ia l:

S c a la r P o t e n t ia l:

E le c t r ic F ie ld :

M a g n e t ic F ie ld :
9-1

Modulated Response

9-2

Computation Methodology
1. Frequency Decomposition of the Time Domain Signal:

I( )

I ( t )e

i t

dt

(Forward FFT in FFTSES)

2. Computation of the Frequency Domain System Responses:

V 0 ( ), E 0 ( ), and H 0 ( )

(Unit Energization in HIFREQ/MALZ)

3. Computation of the Time Domain System Response:

V(t)

1
2

V ( )e

i t

1
2

V o ( ) I ( )e

i t

(Inverse FFT in FFTSES)

9-3

9-4

9-5

9-6

9-7

Destruction

9-10

VOLTS
THOUSANDS

vdt Boundary (Flashover effects)

Idt Boundary (Energy effects)

HUNDREDS

DAMAGE

TENS

MAGNITUDE OF EVENT
(INSTANTANEOUS COMPARED TO NORMAL)

SCOPE OF
DOCUMENT

UPSET

NO
EFFECT

MICROSECONDS

Fuzzy Boundary of
Real World Events

dv / dt Boundary (Upset effects)

MILLSECONDS

SECONDS

DURATION OF EVENT

NOTES: Do not atte mpt to read numerical values from this graph.
(1) The graph shows th e relati ve positi on of effects and th e order of ma gnitud e
of the amplitud e and duratio n.
(2) The scop e of the do cume nt is sh own by the p ink re gion. Th e upp er limit for
the duration is one half-cycle of the appl icabl e power freq uency.
(3) The value s or positi ons of the boun daries between no effect and upse t,
between upse t and dama ge, vary with the withsta nd characteristics of th e
equ ipmen t exp osed to the surge s.
(4) This figure shows one measure of surge severity. Other po ssib le measu re s
include peak current, rise time,
and energy transfer.

9-11

9-12

9-13

9-14

SES-Shield
Your Shielding Solution
Against Direct Lightning Strikes to
Substations and Transmission Lines

9-15

9-16

SES-Shield Capabilities
SES-Shield is a software package that automates and
optimizes the design of the lightning shielding system of:

Substations

Transmission Lines

SES-Shield is also capable of estimating the risks

associated to the loss of:

Structures
Services entering the structures

9-17

I llu s t r a t io n o f t h e To p o lo g ic a l S h ie ld in g a n d G r o u n d in g
Te c h n iq u e

T r a n s ie n t
P r o t e c t io n D e v ic e
Z one 1
( I n t e r n a l E n v ir o n m e n t )

B o n d in g

K :/S e m in a r /C D R /S e s s io n 9 /T o p o lo g ic a l.c d r

G r o u n d o f s h ie ld e d
str u c tu re 3
( E le c t r o n ic D e v ic e )

I n c o m in g C ir c u it

G r o u n d o f s h ie ld e d
S t r u c t u r e 1 ( B u ild in g )

Z one 0
( E x t e r n a l E n v ir o n m e n t )
G r o u n d o f s h ie ld e d
str u c tu re 2
( M e t a l C a b in e t )
Z one 0
(G ro u n d )

Z one 2
( I n s id e C a b in e t )

9-18

Transient Workshop

9-28

9-28

9-28