Weber Road Job No.

18739

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the site plan of the proposes construction. The sub-station will be completely enclosed with a berm, for
both landscaping reasons and to prevent the inflow of outside rainfall. The site will maintain a 1% slope for all drainage.
The southwest corner will be used as a detention basin. There will be a 12" pipe leaving to enter an existing catchment.
Stormwater design will be based on the "Will County Stormwater Management Ordinance" Effective January 01, 2004.
203.2

Design Methods
Event hydrograph routing methods or the modified rational mehtod may be used to calculate design runoff
volumes for site runoff facilities. The Methods must be HEC-1, (SCS methodology), HEC-HMS, TR-20, or
TR-55 tabular method. Event methods shall incorporate the following assumptions:
a.
b.
c.

Antecedent moisture condition = 2

Appropriate Huff rainfall distribution
24-hour duration storm with a 1% probability (100-year frequency) of occurence in any one year as
specified by Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 70 Northeast Sectional rainfall statistics.

SCS methodology will be used for this design

Develop SCS Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph

The unit hydrograph is based on the following graph (Figure 2).

SCS Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph

1.0
.9
.8

Mass Curve

.7
.6
q/q p

.5
.4
dimensionless unit
hydrograph

.3
.2
.1

t/t p
Figure 2
From the graph the following time and flow ratios are given

0
.4
.7
1

DATA := 1.5
2

3
4
5

.310
.820

.680
.28

.055
.011
0
0

Dimensionless SCS hydrograph values obtained from

Table 9-17 McCuen

l := 0 .. 8
Time_Ratio := DATA
l

Flow_Ratio := DATA
l

l, 0

Dimensionless time from SCS dimensionless UH

l, 1

Dimensionless flow from SCS dimensionless UH

Land Characteristics
From soil borings, the soil is found to be in Group B, which is Shallow loess; sandy loam.
Land Use Description

Treatment

Cultivated agricultural land

Fallow

Straight row or bare soil

A := 3.26acre

Area of catchment in acres

L := 630ft

Length of the watershed in feet

S := 0.01

Average watershed slope in ft/ft

CN := 86

Curve Number, Based on Table 3-18 McCuen

Hydrologic Condition

Poor

Time of Concentration
tc := .00526

ft

0.8

1000
CN

0.7

.5

min

Eqn. 3-56 McCuen

tc = 17.95 min

This equation is intended for use on watersheds where overland flow predominates and was developed for nonurban
watersheds. This equation was shown by McCuen to provide accurate estimates of tc for catchments up to 4000 acres.
Time Interval For Convolution

D := .133 tc

D = 2.39 min

The SCS dimensionless hydrograph depends on the the time to peak (t p ) and the flow at the peak (qp ). These values are
obtained from the triangular unit hydrograph. A depth of runoff of 1inch is used.
Vol := 1in

726
q p :=

A Vol

2 in
3
mi
ft

tc
sec

q p = 12.4

ft

sec

hr

tp :=

2
3

tc

tp = 0.2 hr

The values for the unit hydrograph can now be found by multiplying the time to peak and flow at peak times the time ratios
and the flow ratios respectively.
UH_Time := Time_Ratio tp
l

UH_Flow := Flow_Ratio q p
l

0
3.831
10.133
12.358

ft 3
UH_Flow = 8.403
3.46 sec

0.68
0.136
0

0
0.08
0.14
0.199

UH_Time = 0.299 hr
0.399

0.598
0.798
0.997

A mathcad function "lspline" is used to create a smooth function connecting all the points. This function will be used to
determine the total flow in later calculations.

t := 0 hr , .01 hr .. 1 hr
UH( t) := interp ( lspline( UH_Time , UH_Flow) , UH_Time , UH_Flow, t)

Unit Hydrograph
15
13.5
Flow (cu. ft. / sec)

12
10.5
9
7.5
6
4.5
3
1.5
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
Time (hr)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Unit Hydrograph Points

SCS Unit Hydrograph

U.S. NRCS (SCS) Synthetic Temportal Distribution

This method develops a synthetic distribution of rainfall to produce a 24-hour synthetic design storm. The
dimensionless distribution data from the NRCS is given below in Table 1. This data was found in Table 4.4 of
"Stormwater Conveyance Modeling and Design" By Haestad. The dimensionless distribution data from the NRCS
provides fractions of the total accumulated rainfall depth over time for storms with 24-hour durations. The storms
are classified into various types, depending on the geographic region. For Illinois Type II is appropriate.
The storm specific rain accumulation is found by multiplying the total rainfall for the event times the fractional
accumulations from the NRCS data. The rainfall for this event was found using "Bulletin 70 - Rainfall Distributions
and Hydroclimatic Characteristics of Heavy Rainstorms in Illinois - Illinois State Water Survey" By F. A. Huff. The
100-year, 24-hour storm event in Figure 4.21 yielded a total rainfall of 8 inches for Will County. Table 2 gives the
rain accumulation and Table 3 gives the incrimental change in depth. The incrimental change is used to develop
the hyetograph.

 0
1
2
3

4
5

6
7
8

9
10
11

NRCS := 12
13

14
15
16

17
18
19

20
21

22
23
24

0.011
0.022

0.035

0.048
0.063

0.080
0.099
0.120

0.147
0.181

0.235

0.663
0.772

0.820
0.854
0.880

0.902
0.921

0.938

0.952
0.965

0.977
0.989
1.000
0

Table 1

Depth := 8in
i := 0 .. 24

Time := NRCS

hr

i, 0

Event := Acc Depth

i

j := 1 .. 24
Incrimental_Depth := Event Event
j

j 1

Acc := NRCS
i

i, 1

Event =

Incrimental_Depth =

in

0.088

0.088

0.176

0.088

0.28

0.104

0.384

0.104

0.504

0.12

0.64

0.136

0.792

0.152

0.96

0.168

1.176

0.216

1.448

0.272

1.88

0.432

5.304

3.424

6.176

0.872

6.56

0.384

6.832

0.272

7.04

0.208

7.216

0.176

7.368

0.152

7.504

0.136

7.616

0.112

7.72

0.104

7.816

0.096

7.912

0.096

0.088

Table 2

Table 3

in

Figure 1 shows the Hyetograph for the storm event. Figure 2 shows accumulation of precipitation during the storm
event.

100-Year, 24-Hour Storm Hyetograph

Will County, Illinois
4

Intensity (in/hr)

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
25

23

21

19

17

15

13

11

0
Time (hr)
Figure 1

100-Year, 24-Hour Storm Precipitation

8
7

Precipitation (in)

6
5
4
3
2
1
0

12
Time (hr)

Event Rainfall Runoff

Figure 2

15

18

21

24

Convolution Of The Unit Hydrograph And The Hyetograph

Compute the maximum possible retention "S" in (in.)
S :=

1000

CN

10 in

S = 1.63 in

(Haestad, 5.15)

The NRCS (SCS) Curve Number Method calculates runoff based seperating the total depth of rainfall into initial
abstractions Ia , retention, and effective rainfall (runoff) Pe .
Initial abstractions consist of all rainfall losses occurring before the beginning of surface runoff, including
interception, infiltration, and depresstion storage.
Retention refers to the continuing rainfall losses following the initiation of surface runoff, which are mainly continual
infiltration.
The following equation assumes the inital abstractions are 20% of the maximum possible retention (S). Therefore if the
event rainfall is less than 0.2S the runoff will equal zero.

.2 S = 0.326 in

Pe

2
Event .2 S)
(
i
:=

Pe := if Event < .2 S , 0 in , Pe

Event + 0.8 S

Compute the incremental runoff by subtracting sequential values of effective rainfall runoff

Qincremental := Pe Pe
j

j 1

24

Actual_Acc :=

j=0

Qincremental

Actual_Acc = 6.331 in

Effective Rainfall Runoff

8
7

Runoff (in)

6
5
4
3
2
1
0

12
Time (hr)

Event Rainfall Runoff

Effective Rainfall Runoff
Incremental Runoff

15

18

21

24

Figure 3

A time interval of 6 minutes will be used for the convolution. Values from the unit hydrograph are taken obtained from the
spline. The incremental runoff is brought in as a text file because of its large size.
t := 6min

UH( 0min)
UH( 6min)

UH( 12min)
UH( 18min)
UH( 24min)

1
SCS_UH := UH( 30min)
UH( 36min) in

UH( 42min)
UH( 48min)
UH( 54min)

UH( 60min)

SCS_UH =

Data :=

5.925

12.356

8.361

3.423

ft

1.199

s in

0.676

0.38

0.132

0.023

10

C...\Foster Incremental excess runoff.txt

3

Qinc := Data
p

-2.53110 -4

rows ( SCS_UH) = 11

rows ( Data) = 250

total := rows ( SCS_UH) + rows ( Qinc) 1

total = 260

p := 0 .. 249
in

p,0

To multiply these two vectors, both vectors must have the same number of rows. Zeros are added to fill the rows that do not
have any values.

total = 260

i := 0 .. total

sec in
ft

SCS_UH := if i < 11 , SCS_UH , 0

Qinc := if i < 250 , Qinc , 0 in

i

t := i t
i

Vector of times to use when plotting splined DRH

n := 1 .. total
n

DRH :=
n

(Qinc SCS_UHni)
i

i=0

The direct runoff hydrograph is plotted along with a spline

DR ( time ) := interp ( lspline( t , DRH) , t , DRH , time )
time := 0 hr , .1 hr .. 26 hr
Direct Runoff Hydrograph
10
9
Runoff (cu. ft / sec)

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

2.6

5.2

7.8

Direct Runoff
Splined Direct Runoff

10.4

13
Time (hr)

15.6

18.2

20.8

23.4

26

4 3

Actual_Acc A = 7.492 10 ft

The area under the spline doesn't match what the volume should be

26hr

4 3

DR ( time ) d time = 7.402 10 ft

0hr

Actual_Acc A

26hr

DR ( time ) d time

0hr

Actual_Acc A

= 0.012