Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FEBRUARY - 2016
ISSN : 0126-0537
ABSTRACT
The problems of soybean cultivation on tidal
land are low in soil fertility, aluminum (Al) toxicity
and poor availability of macro nutrients. Soil
acidity and Al toxicity are often fixed by liming.
The research aimed to determine the calculation
method of lime requirement and its application
method for soybean on tidal land. The research
was conducted on tidal land in South Kalimantan,
Indonesia. Treatment consisted of two factors
and arranged in randomize complete block
design, replicated three times. The first factor
was the method of lime rate calculation: (1) no
liming, (2) liming based on 10% of Al saturation,
(3) liming based on 20% of Al saturation, (4)
liming based on 30% of Al saturation, (5) liming
based on 0.5 x exchangeable Al, and (6) liming
based on 1 x exchangeable Al. The second
factor was the method of application: (1) surface
and (2) mixed within 20 cm soil depth. The
results showed that liming by mixing dolomite
with soil within 20 cm depth resulted in 8%
higher plant height compared to that applied on
the soil surface. The highest yield was obtained
when liming at rate equivalent to 10% of Al
saturation was mixed with soil within 20 cm
depth.
Keyword: acidity; aluminium saturation; liming;
soybean; tidal land
INTRODUCTION
Soybean has been an important food crop
in Indonesia since ten years ago. Tofu and
fermented soybean (tempe) made of soybean
seeds are the main component of daily dietary
food. Indonesia needs 2.0 million tons of soybean per year, but the domestic production only
meet 30% (Marwoto et al., 2008), and therefore
Cite this as: Wijanarko, A. and A. Taufiq. 2016. Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties and Soybean Yield on
Tidal Land. AGRIVITA. 38(1):14-23. doi: 10.17503/agrivita.v38i1.683
15
Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Value
4.20
5.47
0.25
21.9
6.16
0.36
0.14
0.48
0.27
5.48
3.85
52
25.4
1.40
Criteria*)
Very acid
Very High
Moderate
Very Low
Low
Low
Very Low
Very Low
Very high
High
Moderate
Remarks: *) Indonesian Center for Agricultural Soil Resources Research and Development (ICALRD) (2009)
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Table 2. Effect of lime rate and application method on soybean plant height on tidal land in South
Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means1)
Remarks:
Means1)
55.0
59.3
56.3
54.7
52.4
50.3
1)
Means in same row followed by same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan Multiple
Range Test at 5% level
Table 3. Effect of lime rate and application method on number of pods plant-1 on tidal land in South
Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Remarks:
Means1)
12.8 b
19.4 a
20.1 a
19.7 a
18.8 a
20.3 a
1)
Means in same column followed by same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan Multiple
Range Test at 5% level
17
Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Table 4. Effect of lime rate and application method on soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) on tidal land in South
Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Means
689
1,722
1,434
1,301
1,138
1,612
Remarks: 1) Values in same column followed by same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan Multiple
Range Test at 5% level
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Table 5. Effect of lime rate and application method on 100 seeds weight (g) on tidal land in South
Kalimantan
100 seeds weight (g)
Surface application1)
Mixed into 20 cm soil depth
15.0
15.5
17.0
17.1
17.0
16.5
15.2
16.9
15.5
16.9
16.0
16.3
15.9
16.6
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Means1)
15.3
16.7
17.1
16.1
16.2
16.1
Remarks: 1) Means followed by same letter were not significantly different based on Duncan Multiple Range Test at
5% level
Table 6. Effect of lime rate and application method on pH, N-total, C-organic, P-Bray I and Kexchangeable on tidal land, South Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
pH
1)
A
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.47
B
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.52
N (%)
A
B
0.41
0.41
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.43
0.44
0.42
0.44
0.40
0.44
0.42
0.43
C-organic (%)
A
B
5.26
5.28
6.52
6.35
6.49
6.33
6.33
6.33
6.32
6.28
6.37
6.37
6.22
6.16
P (ppm)
A
B
17.47 14.72
20.83 38.86
22.90 28.54
39.72 35.95
36.68 35.80
35.59 33.63
28.87 31.25
K (cmol(+) kg-1)
A
B
0.35
0.33
0.42
0.84
0.56
0.52
0.50
0.64
0.33
0.56
0.48
0.75
0.44
0.61
Table 7. Effect of lime rate and application method on Ca, Mg, Al-exchangeable and Al saturation on tidal
land, South Kalimantan
Ca
Mg
(cmol (+). kg-1)
(cmol (+). kg-1)
A1)
B
A
B
No lime
2.78
2.72
0.30
0.32
10% of Al saturation
2.87
3.63
0.47
0.49
20% of Al saturation
3.21
3.43
0.45
0.46
30% of Al saturation
2.85
3.42
0.46
0.48
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
3.54
3.12
0.48
0.47
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
3.57
3.35
0.52
0.49
Means
3.14
3.28
0.45
0.45
Remarks: 1) A: Surface application, B: Mixed into 20 cm soil depth
Lime rate
Al-exchangeable
(cmol (+). kg-1)
A
B
3.10
3.16
0.75
0.50
1.19
1.09
2.25
2.05
2.85
2.16
2.71
2.37
3.26
3.05
Al-Sat
(%)
A
47.47
16.63
22.00
37.13
39.58
37.23
44.72
B
48.39
9.16
19.82
31.11
34.23
34.05
41.27
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Table 8. Effect of lime rate and application method on available P at 10 and 30 cm soil depths on tidal
land in South Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Available P (ppm)
on surface application
10 cm soil
30 cm soil
Increase
depth
depth
(%)1)
17.47
18.05
3.30
20.83
28.10
20.50
22.90
24.10
5.20
39.72
45.30
14.00
36.68
40.20
9.60
35.59
39.80
11.80
28.87
32.09
11.15
Available P (ppm)
mixed into 20 soil depth
10 cm soil
30 cm soil
Increase
depth
depth
(%)1)
14.72
15.10
2.60
38.86
52.30
34.60
28.54
39.20
37.30
35.95
50.20
39.60
35.80
52.30
46.10
33.63
48.30
43.60
31.25
42.90
37.28
Table 9. Effect of lime rate and application method on Ca-exhangeableat 10 and 30 cm soil depth on tidal
land in South Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Remarks:
1)
Ca exchangeable (cmol(+).kg-1)
on surface application
10 cm soil
30 cm soil
Increase
depth
depth
(%)1)
2.78
2.79
0.36
2.87
2.91
1.39
3.21
3.22
0.31
2.85
2.89
1.40
3.54
3.60
1.69
3.57
3.61
1.12
3.14
3.17
1.05
Ca exchangeable (cmol(+).kg-1)
on mixed into 20 soil depth
10 cm soil
30 cm soil
Increase
depth
depth
(%)1)
2.72
2.75
1.10
3.63
3.96
9.09
3.43
3.89
13.41
3.42
3.76
9.94
3.12
3.69
18.27
3.35
3.75
11.94
3.28
3.63
10.63
Table 10. Effect oflime rate and application method on Al saturation (%) at 10 and 30 cm soil depths on
tidal land in South Kalimantan
Lime rate
No lime
10% of Al saturation
20% of Al saturation
30% of Al saturation
0.5 x Al-exchangeable
1.0 x Al-exchangeable
Means
Surface Application
10 cm soil
30 cm soil
Decrease
depth
depth
(%)1)
47.47
46.59
1.85
16.63
15.96
4.02
22.00
21.69
1.40
37.13
38.90
4.76
39.58
37.29
5.78
37.23
35.89
3.59
44.72
32.72
3.57
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Figure 1. Correlation between soybean yields with available P (left: mixed into 20 soil depth, right: surface
application)
Figure 2. Correlation between soybean yields with exchangeable Ca (left: mixed into 20 soil depth, right:
surface application)
21
Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
Figure 3. Correlation between soybean yields with Al saturation (left: mixed into 20 soil depth, right:
surface application)
CONCLUSION
On tidal land at south Kalimantan, liming
both by surface application and incorporation into
20 cm soil depth increased soil pH, soil N,
organic C, available P, K and Mg-exchangeable,
decreased Al-exchangeable and Al saturation.
The improvement of chemical soil properties
increased soybean yield. Lime application at the
rate of equivalent to 10% of Aluminum saturation
and applied by incorporated into 20cm soil depth
gave the highest soybean yield.
REFERENCES
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Anda, M. and D. Subardja. 2013. Assesing soil
properties and tidal behaviors as a
strategy to avoid environmental degradation in developing new paddy fields in
tidal areas. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment. 181:90-100. doi:10.1016/
j.agee.2013.09.016
Anda, M., A.B. Siswanto and R.E. Subandiono.
2009. Properties of organic and acid
sulfate soils and water of a reclaimed
tidal backswamp in Central Kalimantan,
Indonesia. Geoderma. 149(1-2): 54-65.
doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.021
Bossio, D.A., J.A. Fleck, K.M. Scow and R. Fujii.
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties
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Andy Wijanarko and Abdullah Taufiq: Effect of Lime Application on Soil Properties