The Bluetooth SIG

The name “Bluetooth” and its logo are trademarked by the privately held trade
association named the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).

Founded in September 1998, the Bluetooth SIG is a unification of leaders in the

telecommunications, computing, network, industrial automation, and Automotive
industries. Today, the Bluetooth SIG is responsible for encouraging and
supporting research and development in Bluetooth technology.

The Bluetooth SIG includes promoter member companies Microsoft, Ericsson,

IBM, Intel, Agere, Motorola, Nokia, and Toshiba, plus thousands of Associate
and Adopter member companies (BlueTomorrow.com's parent company, SP
Commerce LLC, is a licensed and certified Adopter member of the Bluetooth
SIG).

Why is It Called Bluetooth?

The developers of this wireless technology first used the name "Bluetooth" as a
code name, but as time past, the name stuck.

The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald
Bluetooth. King Bluetooth had been influential in uniting Scandinavian Europe
during an era when the region was torn apart by wars and feuding clans.

The founders of the Bluetooth SIG felt the name was fitting because:

1) Bluetooth technology was first developed in Scandinavia, and

2) Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing industries such as the cell

phone, computing, and automotive markets. Bluetooth wireless technology
simplifies and combines multiple forms of wireless communication into a single,
secure, low-power, low-cost, globally available radio frequency.

Where Did the Logo Come From?

A Scandinavian firm originally designed the logo at the time the SIG was formally
introduced to the public. Keeping to the same origin as the Bluetooth name, the
logo unites the Runic alphabetic characters "H", which looks similar to an
asterisk, and a "B", which are the initials for Harald Bluetooth. If you look close
enough you can see both embodied in the logo.

The Bluetooth logo is a bind rune merging the Germanic runes (Hagall) and
(Berkanan).
Bluetooth Technology Over the Years
1998 - Bluetooth technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is
formed. Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire
replacement technology in order to rapidly transfer voice and data.

1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.

2003 - The Bluetooth SIG overhauls the Bluetooth Core Specification with the
announcement of Version 2.1.

2004 - Bluetooth Version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.

2005 - Devices using Version 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.

2007 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the

Bluetooth SIG.

2009 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by

the Bluetooth SIG.

Version Data Rate

Version 1.2 1 Mbit/s

Version 2.0 + EDR 3 Mbit/s

Version 3.0 + HS 24 Mbit/s

Q: What is Bluetooth?
A: Bluetooth is the name for a short-range radio frequency (RF) technology that operates at 2.4
GHz and is capable of transmitting voice and data. The effective range of Bluetooth devices is 32
feet (10 meters). Bluetooth transfers data at the rate of 1 Mbps, which is from three to eight times
the average speed of parallel and serial ports, respectively.
Q: Why is the technology called Bluetooth?
A: The heart of the Bluetooth brand identity is the name, which refers to the Danish king Harald
"Bluetooth" Blaatand who unified Denmark and Norway. In the beginning of the Bluetooth wireless
technology era, Bluetooth was aimed at unifying the telecom and computing industries.

Q: How is Bluetooth used?

A: Bluetooth can be used to wirelessly synchronize and transfer data among devices. Bluetooth can
be thought of as a cable replacement technology. Typical uses include automatically synchronizing
contact and calendar information among desktop, notebook and palmtop computers without
connecting cables. Bluetooth can also be used to access a network or the Internet with a notebook
computer by connecting wirelessly to a cellular phone.

Q: What is the future direction of the Bluetooth standard?

A: At this time, we anticipate the Bluetooth SIG to evolve the Bluetooth technology to provide
greater bandwidth and distances, thus increasing the potential platforms and applications used in
the emerging personal area networking marketplace

Q: Where can I find more information on Bluetooth?

A: The following web sites are useful Bluetooth resources:
www.bluetooth.com
www.xircom.com
www.ericsson.com/bluetooth

Q: How secure is a Bluetooth network?

A: Bluetooth is extremely secure in that it employs several layers of data encryption and user
authentication measures. Bluetooth devices use a combination of the Personal Identification Number
(PIN) and a Bluetooth address to identify other Bluetooth devices. Data encryption (i.e., 128-bit)
can be used to further enhance the degree of Bluetooth security. The transmission scheme (FHSS)
provides another level of security in itself. Instead of transmitting over one frequency within the 2.4
GHz band, Bluetooth radios use a fast frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technique,
allowing only synchronized receivers to access the transmitted data.

Q: What is Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)?

A: Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) is a spread spectrum modulation scheme that uses
a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern known to both transmitter and receiver.
Properly synchronized, they maintain a single logical channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS
appears as short-duration impulse noise. More simply, the data is broken down into packets and
transmitted to the receiver of other devices over numerous "hop frequencies" (79 total) in a pseudo
random pattern. Only transmitters and receivers that are synchronized on the same hop frequency
pattern will have access to the transmitted data. The transmitter switches hop frequencies 1,600
times per second to assure a high degree of data security.

Q: Will other RF (Radio Frequency) devices interfere with Bluetooth Devices?

A: No. Bluetooth radios operate on the unlicensed 2.4 GHz (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)
frequency band that is shared among other devices (microwave ovens, cordless phones, garage
door openers, etc. ). Bluetooth radios switch frequencies at such a rapid pace (1,600 times per
second) and the data packets are so small that interference from other RF sources is highly unlikely.
Bluetooth is a robust communication system.

Q: Will Bluetooth and Wireless LAN (WLAN) interfere with each other?
A: No, both Bluetooth and WLAN can co-exist. Since Bluetooth devices use Frequency Hopping and
most WLANs use Direct Sequence Spreading techniques they each appear as background noise to
the other and should not cause any perceivable performance issues.
Q: What is the data throughput speed of a Bluetooth connection?
A: Bluetooth transfers data at a rate of 721 Kbps, which is from three to eight times the average
speed of parallel and serial ports, respectively. This bandwidth is capable of transmitting voice,
data, video and still images.

Q: What is the range of Bluetooth transmitter/receivers?

A: Bluetooth is designed for very low power use, and the transmission range will only be 10m,
about 30ft. High-powered Bluetooth devices will enable ranges up to 100m (300ft). Considering the
design philosophy behind Bluetooth, even the 10m range is adequate for the purposes Bluetooth is
intended for. Later versions of the Bluetooth spec may allow longer ranges.

Q: What kind of encryption will be used for Bluetooth security?

A: The Bluetooth specification 1.0 describes the link encryption algorithm as a stream cipher using 4
LFSR (linear feedback shift registers). The sum of the width of the LFSRs is 128, and the spec says
"the effective key length is selectable between 8 and 128 bits". This arrangement allows Bluetooth
to be used in countries with regulations limiting encryption strength, and "facilitate a future upgrade
path for the security without the need for a costly redesign of the algorithms and encryption
hardware" according to the Bluetooth specification. Key generation and authentication seems to be
using the 8-round SAFER+ encryption algorithm. The information available suggests that Bluetooth
security will be adequate for most purposes; but users with higher security requirements will need
to employ stronger algorithms to ensure the security of their data.

Q: Is Bluetooth practical for use with mobile devices?

A: Yes. One concern for mobile computing users is power consumption. Bluetooth radios are very
low power, drawing as little as 0.3mA in standby mode and 30mA during sustained data
transmissions. Bluetooth radios alternate among power-saving modes in which device activity is
lowered to maximize the mobile power supply.

Q: What is a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

A: A Personal Area Network is another name for a Bluetooth Piconet.

Q: What is HomeRF ?
A: HomeRFlike Bluetooth is a specification for connectivity and mobility in a home-like environment.
HomeRF Working Group has developed a specification for wireless communications in the home
called the Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP). This specification is not free and comes at a
cost of $500 . you can find more information at www.homerf.org website.

Q: Are different brands of Bluetooth products compatible?

A: Yes. They have to. The Bluetooth Logo Certification Program requires Bluetooth products to
interoperate with products manufactured by other vendors; those products that don't interoperate
will not be allowed to use the Bluetooth logo.

Q: Can Bluetooth products be used on aircraft?

A: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other aviation regulatory bodies worldwide are
currently reviewing the use of Bluetooth products on private and commercial aircraft. In the U.S.
the FAA is the governing body to grant approval for Bluetooth product use on aircraft; therefore, we
must defer to their impending ruling.

Q: What companies are involved in the Bluetooth initiative?

A: Global technology leaders Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel and Toshiba founded the Bluetooth SIG in
1998. These companies are now supported by over 1,000 other organizations with a wide range of
expertise, including Widcomm, Inc.
Q: What types of companies are likely to adopt or promote Bluetooth technology?
A: Companies likely to adopt this technology include, but are not limited to, software developers,
network vendors, silicon vendors, peripheral and camera manufacturers, mobile PC and handheld
device manufacturers, consumer electronics manufacturers and more.

Q: Are there any patents or licenses involved?

A: Yes, there are several patents on different parts of the technology. Because of this, all licensees
will have to sign a zero cost license agreement to cover IP and naming.

Q: What is the estimated size of the market?

A: Market research studies at several leading companies involved with Bluetooth technology expect
a total of 250 million Bluetooth-enabled devices, ranging from headsets to mobile and desktop
computers, will be shipped in 2002.

Q: Where can I get Bluetooth specification ? Is it license free ?

A: Bluetooth specification can be downloaded from Bluetooth.com which has more comprehensive
information about Bluetooth.com and its SIG. It is totally free and no license is required to use it.

Q: Is Bluetooth an IEEE standard, like IEEE 802.11 and Ethernet?

A: Being an IEEE standard will be a big plus to widespread adoption of Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.15
working group for personal area networks (PAN) announced that they will be adopting Bluetooth as
the IEEE 802.15 standard.

Q: How much will Bluetooth devices cost?

A: Bluetooth devices are expected to cost $20 initially (first half of 2000); but will drop to around $5
with widespread adoption and economies of scale.

Q: What is it - a technology, a standard, an initiative, or a product?

A: Bluetooth wireless technology is a de facto standard, as well as a specification for small-form
factor, low-cost, short range radio links between mobile PCs, mobile phones and other portable
devices. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group is an industry group consisting of leaders in the
telecommunications, computing, and networking industries that are driving development of the
technology and bringing it to market.

Blue tooth or Bluetooth?

The correct spelling is not Blue tooth, but rather Bluetooth (1 word).
Unfortunately, many people are still looking for Bluetooth technology on the web
by using search engines and typing the 2 word version: Blue tooth. This is why
BlueTomorrow.com has created a section with the incorrect spelling of Blue
tooth. Without this Blue tooth section, many visitors would never even make it to
BlueTomorrow.com and this would be unfortunate.