EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 08

Problem 3: 49
A closed rigid tank is filled with water. Initially the tank hold 9.9 ft3 saturated vapor and 0.1 cu. ft saturated liquid,
each at 212 deg F. The water is heated until the tank contains only saturated vapor. For the water, determine a) the
quality at the initial state, b) the temperature at the final state in deg F, and c) the heat transfer in Btu, Kinetic and
potential energy effects can be ignored.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------State 1: V1 = 9.9 ft3
State 2: Saturated vapor.
V1liq = 0.1 ft3
T 1 = 212 oF

V1 V2 9.9 0.1 10.0 ft 3

Constant volume process:
Look up Saturation values at T= 212 deg. F.
vf = 0.01672
uf = 180.1 Btu/lbm
Mass of saturated liquid:

mliq

Vliq mliq v f

Vliq
vf

p1 = 14.7 psi
vg = 26.80
ug = 1077.6 Btu/lbm

0.1 ft 3
5.981 lbm
0.01672 ft 3 / lbm

Mass of saturated vapor:

mvapor

Vvapor mvapor vg

Vvapor
vg

9.9 ft 3
0.3694 lbm
26.80 ft 3 / lbm

Total mass of system:

m mliq mvapor 5.981 0.3694 6.350 lbm

Quality of initial state:

x1

mvapor
mliquid mvapor

mvapor
mtotal

0.3694
0.05817 5.8%
6.350

Then

u1 u f x (u g u f ) 180.1 0.05817(1077.6 180.1) 232.3 Btu / lbm

At state 2, all mass is saturated vapor or

v2 vsat _ 2

V2
10 ft 3

1.5748 ft 3 / lbm
mtotal 6.350 lbm

Look up saturated vapor conditions for this specific volume off the saturated vapor table A-2E.
Note that at T = 410 vg = 1.6743 ug = 1117.6
T= 420 vg = 1.502
ug = 1118.3
using interpolation:

T2 410 1.5748 1.6743

420 410 1.502 1.6743

and

T2 415.8 o F

u2 1117.6
1.5748 1.6743

1118.3 1117.6 1.502 1.6743

u2 = 1118.0 Btu/lbm

For a system which doesn't undergo a change of volume the work done by the system is 0.

W 0

1st Law of thermodynamics:

U Q W

Q U U 2 U1 m(u2 u1 ) 6.350lbm (1118.0 232.5) Btu / lbm 5623.0 Btu

EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 08
Problem 3:55
A piston cylinder assembly containing water, initially a liquid at 50 deg F. undergoes a process at a constant pressure
of 20 psi to a final state where the water is a vapor at 300 deg. F. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.
Determine the work and heat transfer, in BTU per lb, for each of three parts of the overall process;
a) from the initial liquid state to saturated liquid state, b) from saturated liquid to saturated vapor, and c) from
saturated vapor to the final vapor state all at 20 psi.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------State 1: T1 = 50 deg F.
State 2: Sat. liq.
State 3: sat. vapor
State 4: T2=300 deg F.
p1 = 20 psi
p2 = 20 psi
Find spec. volume and internal energy at each of the four states.
State 1: v1 vf (T=50 deg) State 2: v2 = vf (p=20psi)
State 3: v3 = vg(p=20psi)
= 0.01602 ft3/lb
= 0.01683 ft3/lb
= 20.09 ft3/lb
u1 uf (T=50 deg)
= 18.06 Btu/lb

u2 = uf (p=20psi)
=196.19 Btu/lb

State 4: v2 = v(T300,p20)
= 22.36 ft3/lb

u3 = ug(p=20psi)
= 1082.0 Btu/lb

u2 = u(T300,p20)
= 1108.7 Btu/lb

State 1 to State 2:

U 2 U1 Q1 2 W1 2
V 0

since the liquid is treated as incompressible:

W1 2 0

Q1 2 / m (u2 u1 ) 196.19 18.06 178.13 Btu / lbm

State 2 to State 3: occurs as a constant pressure process so

W23 pdV p(V3 V2 )

or
2

12in
1Btu
W23 / m p (v3 v2 ) (20lb / in )(20.09 0.01683) ft / lbm
1 ft 778.17 ft lb
2

= 74.3 Btu/lbm

Q23 / m (u3 u2 ) W23 / m (1082.0 196.19) 74.3Btu / lbm 960.11Btu / lbm

State 3 to State 4: occurs as a constant pressure process so

W34 pdV p(V4 V3 )

or
2

12in
1Btu
W34 / m p (v4 v3 ) (20lb / in )(22.36 20.09) ft / lbm
1 ft 778.17 ft lb
2

= 8.40 Btu/lbm

Q3 4 / m (u4 u3 ) W3 4 / m (1108.7 1082.0) 8.4 Btu / lbm 35.1Btu / lbm

Summary:

W12 / m 0

W23 / m 74.3Btu / lbm

W34 / m 8.4 Btu / lbm

Q12 / m 178.13 Btu / lbm

Q23 / m 960.11Btu / lbm

Q3 4 / m 35.1Btu / lbm

EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 08

Problem 3:68
Water contained in a piston cylinder assembly initially at 300 deg F, a quality of 90% and a volume of 6 ft 3 is heated
at constant temperature to saturate vapor. If the rate of heat transfer is 0.3 Btu/s, determine the time in minutes for
this process of the water to occur. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------State 1: T1 = 300 deg F.
State 2: sat. vapor
x1 = 90%
T2 = 300 deg F.
V1 = 6 ft3
Heat Rate: Q dot = 0.3 Btu/s
For T = 300 deg.

p = 66.98 psi

vf = 0.01745 ft3/lbm
uf = 269.5 Btu/lbm

vg = 6.472 ft3/lbm
ug = 1100.0 Btu/lbm

Find the internal energy at each state:

v1 v f x (vg v f ) 0.01745 0.90(6.472 0.01745) 5.827 ft 3 / lb

State 1:

u1 u f x(u g u f ) 269.5 0.9(1100 269.5) 1016.95 Btu / lbm

v2 6.472 ft 3 / lb

State 2:

u2 1100 Btu / lbm

Find amount of mass:

V1
6 ft 3

1.0297lbm
v1 5.827 ft 3 / lb

Volume of State 2:
1st Law of Thermo:

U Q W

where:

U 1.0297lbm (1100 1016.95) Btu / lbm 85.5 Btu

Q Q&t (0.3Btu / s ) t

W pdV p (V2 V1 ) p m(v2 v1 )

2

12in
1Btu
(66.98lb / in )(1.0297lbm)(6.472 5.827) ft / lbm
8.23Btu
1 ft 778.17 ft lb
2

therefore:

U Q W

85.5 Btu (0.3Btu / s)t 8.23 Btu

(85.5 8.23) Btu

312.4 s 5.21min
0.3Btu / s

EGR 334 Thermodynamics: Homework 08

Problem 3:78
One lbm of water contained in a piston cylinder assembly undergoes the power cycle shown in Fig. 3.78. For each of
the four processes, evaluate the work and heat transfer each in Btu. For the overall cycle, evaluate the thermal
efficiency.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mass = 1 lbm
State 1: p1 = 700 psi
saturated liquid.

State 2: p2=700 psi

saturated vapor

State 3: p3= 70 psi

v3 = v2

State 4: p4 = 70 psi
v4 = v1

mixture

mixture

Start by looking up intensive properties at the four states:

State 1: T1= Tsat at p = 700 psi.
from table A-3E: T1= 503.23 oF
v1 = vf(p=700) = 0.02051 ft3/lbm
u1 = uf(p=700) = 488.9 Btu/lbm
State 2: T2= Tsat at p = 700 psi.
from table A-3E: T1= 503.23 oF

700 psi

70 psi

2
4

v1=v4

3
v2=v3

v2 = vg(p=700) = 0.656 ft3/lbm

u2 = ug(p=700) = 1117.0 Btu/lbm
State 3: p3= 70 psi
( from table A-3E: p=70 psi then vf=0.01748 ft3/lbm vg= 6.209 ft3/lbm
uf = 272.6 Btu/lbm ug = 1100.6 Btu/lbm
v2 = v3 = 0.656 ft3/lbm
therefore quality is

x3

v3 v f

vg v f

0.656 0.01748
0.1031 10.31%
6.209 0.01748

and then

u3 u f x(u g u f ) 272.6 0.1031(1100.6 272.6) 358.0 Btu / lbm

State 4:

v4 = v1 = 0.02051 ft3/lbm
therefore quality is

x4

v4 v f

vg v f

0.02051 0.01748
0.000489 0.0489%
6.209 0.01748

and then

u4 u f x4 (u g u f ) 272.6 0.000489(1100.6 272.6) 273.0 Btu / lbm

Process 1 to 2:

U1 2 m(u2 u1 ) 1lbm(1117 488.9) Btu / lbm 628.1Btu

U Q W
where:

W12 pdV p1 (V2 V1 ) p1m(v2 v1 )

2

12in
1Btu
(700lb f / in )(1lbm)(0.656 0.02051) ft / lbm
82.3Btu
1 ft 778.17lb f ft
2

Q1 2 U W 628.1 82.3 710.4 Btu

Process 2 to 3:

U 23 m(u3 u2 ) 1lbm(358.0 1117) Btu / lbm 759 Btu

U Q W
where:

W23 0
Q23 U W 759 0 759 Btu

Process 3 to 4:

U 3 4 m(u4 u3 ) 1lbm(273 358) Btu / lbm 85 Btu

U Q W
where:

W34 pdV p3 (V4 V3 ) p3 m(v4 v3 )

12in
1Btu
(70lb f / in )(1lbm)(0.02051 0.656) ft / lbm
8.23 Btu
1 ft 778.17lb f ft
2

Q34 U W 85 8.23 93.23Btu

Process 4 to 1:

U 41 m(u1 u4 ) 1lbm(488.9 273) Btu / lbm 215.9 Btu

U Q W
where:

W41 0
Q41 U W 215.9 0 215.9 Btu

Heat input into the system:

Qin Q12 Q4 1 710.4 215.9 926.3Btu

Heat dumped to the environment:

Qout Q23 Q3 4 759 93.23 852.2 Btu

Work done by system:

Wcycle 82.3 8.23 74.07 Btu

thermal efficiency:

Wcycle
Qin

74.07
0.07996 8.0%
926.3