Pronombres personales

los pronombres personales cumplen la funcin de sujeto de la oracin y

son:
Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

[ai]

yo

you

[yu:]

he
she
it

[ji]
[shi]
[it]

l
ella
ello

we

[gi]

Nosotros

you

[yu:]

Vosotros

they

[di]

ellos/ellas

A tener en cuenta:

I (yo) siempre se escribe con mayscula.

En ingls no existe en la actualidad el equivalente a la forma de

cortesa "usted" y siempre se usa "you".

Ejemplos:
I sing
Yo canto
He drinks coffee
l toma caf

Pronombres de objeto
Numerosos verbos complementan su significado con un objeto:
I will buy it (the car)
Lo comprar (el coche)

Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

Me

[mi:]

me

You

[yu:]

Te

him
her
it

[jim]
[jer]
[it]

lo
la
lo

Us

[as]

nos

You

[yu:]

os

Them

[de:m]

los/las

Adjetivos posesivos
Sirven para indicar la posesin de un sustantivo:
Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

My

[mai]

mi

Your

[yo:r]

tu

his
her
its

[jis]
[jers]
[its]

su

Our

[r] o [au:r] o [auar]

nuestro

Your

[yo:r]

vuestro

Their

[de:r]

su

Ejemplo:
My mother is a teacher
mi madre es profesora

Pronombres posesivos
Si un posesivo va aislado (es decir sin un sustantivo) se trata de un
pronombre posesivo:
Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

Mine

[min]

mio

Yours

[yo:rs]

tuyo

his
hers
its

[jis]
[jers]
[its]

suyo / suya / suyo

Ours

[au:rs]

nuestro

Yours

[yo:rs]

vuestro

Theirs

[de:rs]

suyo

this bicycle is mine

esta bicicleta es ma
Un error frecuente de los que aprendemos ingls, es confundir los
adjetivos posesivos y los pronombres posesivos.
La reglas de oro:

Pronombres reflexivos
Algunos verbos tanto en ingls como en espaol requieren un
pronombre reflexivo cuando la accin recae sobre el misma persona que
la realiza:
Save me from myself
Slvame de mi mismo/misma
let me indroduce myself
permiteme presentarme
Persona
myself

Pronunciacin
[maiself]

Significado
yo

yourself

[yurself]

t, usted

himself
herself
itself

[jimself]
[herself]
[itself]

l
ella
ello

ourselves

[rselv]

nosotros

yourselves

[yurselv]

vosotros

themselves

[deiselv]

ellos/ellas

Pronombres demostrativos
Los pronombres demostrativos son:

this (este)

that (ese)

this
Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

this

[dis]

este, esto, esta

these

[di:s]

estos, estas

that
Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

that

[dat]

ese, eso, esa

those

[dus]

esos, esas

These apples are delicious

Estas manzanas estn deliciosas

Pronombres indefinidos
Los pronombres indefinidos ms importantes son:

Persona

Pronunciacin

Significado

everyone

[ebriguan]

todo el mundo

everything

[ebrizin]

todo (cosas)

everybody

[ebribadi]

todos (personas)

everywhere

[ebriguer]

en todos los lugares

someone

[samguan]

algunos (personas)

something

[samzin]

algunas cosas

somebody

[sambadi]

algunos (personas)

somewhere

[samguer]

algunos lugares

anyone

[eniguan]

algunos (personas)

anything

[enizin]

algunas cosas

anybody

[enibadi]

algunos (personas)

anywhere

[eniwer]

algunos lugares

no one

[noguan]

nadie

nothing

[nazin]

nada

nobody

[noubadi]

nadie

nowhere

[noguer]

en ningn lugar

Personal Information

Informacin personal

Whats your name?

Cul es tu nombre?Pedro.

Peter.
Where are you from? / Where do you come from?

De dnde eres? / De dnde vienes?

Im from I come from

Soy de / Vengo de

Whats your surname / family name?

Cul es tu apellido / nombre de familia?

Smith.

Smith.

Whats your first name?

Cul es tu primer nombre?Tom.

Tom.
Whats your address?

Cul es tu direccin?786 NW Sweet

7865 NW Sweet Street

Street

Where do you live?

Dnde vives?Vivo en San Diego

I live in San Diego.

Whats your (tele)phone number?

Cal es tu nmero de telfono?209-786-

209-786-9845

9845

How old are you?

Cuntos aos tienes?Veinticinco aos.

Twenty-five. Im twenty-five years old.

Tengo 25 aos.

When / Where were you born?

Cundo / Dnde naciste?Nac en 1961 /

I was born in 1961 / Seattle.

en Seattle.

Are you married? / Whats your marital status?

Ests casado? / Cul es tu estado

Im single.

civil?Estoy soltero.

What do you do? / Whats your job?

A qu te dedicas? / Cul es tu trabajo?

Im a librarian.

Soy bibliotecario.

Where did you go?

A dnde fuiste?Fui a casa de un amigo.

I went to a friends house.

What did you do?

Qu hicisteis?Jugamos a los

We played video games.

videojuegos.

Where were you?

Dnde estuviste?Estuve en Nueva York

I was in New York for the weekend.

durante el fin de semana.

Have you got a car / job / house / etc.?

Tienes coche / trabajo / casa?Si, tengo

Yes, Ive got a good job.

un buen trabajo.

Have you got any children / friends / books / etc.?

Tienes algn hijo / amigos / libros?Si,

Yes, Ive got three children two boys and a girl.

tengo tres hijos. Dos chicos y una chica.

Can you play tennis / golf / football / etc.?

Juegas al tenis / golf / ftbol?Si, juego al

Yes, I can play golf.

golf.

Can you speak English / French / Japanese / etc.?

Hablas ingls / francs / japons?No, no

No, I cant speak Japanese.

hablo japons

Could you speak English / French / Japanese / etc.?

Hablabas ingls / francs / japons

when you were five / two / fifteen / etc. years old?

cundo tenas cinco / dos / quince aos?

Yes, I could speak English when I was five years old.

Si, hablaba ingls cuando tena cinco

aos.

Verb "to be"

POSITIVE

Verbo "ser - estar" (Presente)

AFIRMATIVO

ENGLISH
Normal

ESPAOL

Contracted

Normal

Contraccin

I am

I'm

Yo soy, estoy

Soy, Estoy

You are

You're

T eres, ests

Eres, Ests

He is

He's

El es, est

Es, Est (para El)

She is

She's

Ella es, est

Es, Est (para Ella)

It is

It's

El/Ella es, est

Es, Est (para El o Ella)

We are

We're

Nosotros/as somos, estamos

Somos, Estamos

You are

You're

Vosotros sis/estis (*)

Ustedes son/estn (**)

Sis/Estis (*)
Son/Estn (**)

They are

They're

Ellos/as son, estn

Son, Estn (para Ellos o Ellas)

(*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina.

INTERROGATIVE

INTERROGATIVO

ENGLISH
Normal

ESPAOL

Contracted

Am I?

Normal

Contraccin

Soy/Estoy yo?

Soy/Estoy?

Are you?

Eres/Ests t?

Eres/Ests?

Is he?

Es/Est l?

Es/Est? (El)

Is she?

Es/Est ella?

Es/Est? (Ella)

Is it?

Es/Esta l? Es/Est ella?

Es/Est? (El o Ella)

Are we?

Somos/Estamos nosotros?

Somos/Estamos?

Are you?

Sis/Estis vosotros? (*)

Son/Estn ustedes? (**)

Sis/Estis? (*)
Son/Estn? (**)

Are they?

Son/Estn ellos/as?

Son/Estn? (Ellos o Ellas)

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVO

ENGLISH
Normal

Contracted

ESPAOL
Normal

Contraccin

I am not

I'm not

Yo no soy/estoy

No soy/estoy

You are not

You're not
You aren't

T no eres/ests

No eres/ests

He is not

He's not
He isn't

El no es/est

No es/est
(para El)

She is not

She's not
She isn't

Ella no es/est

No es/est
(para Ella)

It is not

It's not
It isn't

El/Ella no es/est

No es/est
(para El o Ella)

We are not

We're not
We aren't

Nosotros/as no somos
Nosotros/as no estamos

No somos
No estamos

You are not

You're not
You aren't

Vosotros no sis/estis (*)

Ustedes no son/estn (**)

No sis/estis (*)
No son/estn (**)

They are not

They're not
They aren't

Ellos/as no son/estn

No son/estn
(para Ellos o Ellas)

The verb have - auxiliary and main verb

have got or has got - Explanation
have or have got - Explanation
have, has, had - Exercise 1 Exercise 2
The verb have can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English.
have as a main verb in the Simple Present (have, has, don't have, doesn't have)
affirmative

negative

I, we, you, they:

I have a new guitar.
I have got a new guitar.*

I don't have a new guitar.

I haven't got a new guitar.*

he, she, it:

He has a new guitar.
He has got a new guitar.*

He doesn't have a new guitar.

He hasn't got a new guitar.*

have as a main verb in the Simple Past (had, didn't have)

affirmative

negative

I had a new guitar.

I had got a new guitar.*

I didn't have a new guitar.

I hadn't got a new guitar.*

* have or have got

have as an auxiliary verb and a main verb - Present Perfect (had)
affirmative
I, we, you, they:

negative

They have had a nice time.

They haven't had a nice time.

he, she, it:

He has had a nice time.

He hasn't had a nice time.

have as an auxiliary verb and a main verb - Past Perfect (had)

affirmative

negative

They had had a nice time.

They hadn't had a nice time.

have as an auxiliary verb in the Present Perfect (past participle):

affirmative

negative

I, we, you, they:

I have seen Peter.

I haven't seen Peter.

he, she, it:

She has seen Peter.

She hasn't seen Peter.

have als auxiliary verb in the Past Perfect (past participle):

affirmative

negative

I had seen Peter.

I hadn't seen Peter.

have als auxiliary verb in the Future Perfect (past participle):

affirmative

negative

They will have spoken to Peter.

They won't have spoken to Peter.

Grammar Explanations

Imperatives
En forma negativa

En forma afirmativa

Come here
Ven aqu

Don't cross the street

No cruces la calle

Go there
Ve all

Don't say that

No digas eso

Open the door

Abre la puerta

Don't be so mean
No seas tan malo

Leave me alone
Djame solo

Don't fight
No peles

Turn on the TV
Enciende el televisor

Don't drink so much

No tomes tanto

Turn off the radio

Apga la radio

Don't invite so many people

No invites a tantas personas

Be careful
S cuidadoso

Don't make noise

No hagas ruido

Let me see that

Djame ver eso

Don't interrupt
No interrumpas

Call me up
Llmame por telfono

Don't drive so fast

No conduzcas tan rpido

Finish that report

Termina ese informe

Don't be late
No llegues tarde

Sit down

Don't come so early

Sintate

No vengas tan temprano

Stand up
Levntate

Don't buy so many things

No compres tantas cosas

El "Lets" = "Let us" se usa para dar una orden en la cual uno mismo
se incluye.
Let's
Let's not
Let's work
Trabajemos

Let's not hurry

No nos apuremos

Let's make a party

Hagamos una fiesta

Let's not do that

No hagamos eso

Let's buy some beers

Compremos algunas cervezas

Let's not waste time

No desperdiciemos tiempo

Let's play basketball

Juguemos al bsketbol

Let's not wait any more

No esperemos ms

Let's go to the movies

Vayamos al cine

Let's not go so fast

No vayamos tan rpido

Let's eat some ice creams

Comamos algunos helados

Let's not drink so much

No tomemos tanto

Let's take a walk

Tomemos un paseo

Let's not talk about that

No hablemos de eso

Let's consider this problem

Consideremos este problema

Let's not bother them

No los molestemos

Let's see what we can do

Veamos que podemos hacer

Let's not interrupt

No interrumpamos

Let's try to do it
Tratemos de hacerlo

Let's not say anything

No digamos nada

Let's start with this

Let's not argue again

Comencemos con esto

No discutamos de nuevo

Let's finish that

Terminemos eso

Let's not be upset about it

No estemos molestos por ello