INTRODUCTION

Determinate structures are analyzed just by the use of basic equilibrium equations. By
this analysis, the unknown reactions are found for the further determination of stresses.
Redundant or indeterminate structures are not capable of being analysed by mere use of
basic equilibrium equations. Along with the basic equilibrium equations, some extra
conditions are required to be used like compatibility conditions of deformations etc to get
the unknown reactions for drawing bending moment and shear force diagrams.
Example of determinate structures is: simply supported beams, cantilever beams, single
and double overhanging beams, three hinged arches, etc.
Examples of indeterminate structures are: fixed beams, continuous beams, fixed arches,
two hinged arches, portals, multistoried frames, etc.
Special methods like strain energy method, slope deflection method, moment distribution
method, column analogy method, virtual work method, matrix methods, etc are used for
the analysis of redundant structures.

What is Strain Energy :When an external load acts on a structure, the structure under goes deformation by the
external force & work done is takes place. This internal work stored as a energy in
structure & it helps the structure to spring back to its original shape & size when ever the
external load is removed provided the material of the structure is still within the elastic
limit.
This internal zone which is stored as a energy is due to the straining energy.
When M = 0, v = 0, H = 0, means in equilibrium is reached as per law of
conservation of energy the work done by the external force or load must be equal to the
strain energy stored.
This concept of energy balance is utilized in structural analysis to develop a number
method to find out the deflection of the structure
(1)
Stain energy / Real work method
(2)
Virtual zone method
(3)
Castigations method
Strain energy & complementary energy.

Let,

Pi
= elementary stress
ei
= elementary strain
a
= c/s area of element
x
= Length of element
Here stress is gradually increased from zero to its final value p as stain increase from
zero to final value e.
Let, Pi be the stress & strain
ei& work done is takes place.
Work done

= Fore x Displacement
= i x a x ei x x
= i x ei x a x x
= i x ei x v
e

ieiv
0

Hence strain energy stored in the element is =

= area under stress strain curve x v

If stress strain curve is Linear the strain energy of element =

The strain energy stored in hole structure

1
U P e dv
2

stress x strain x dv

Load VS Deformation Relation

If the Deformation = I
Load acting = i

Work done =
(in case of Linear elastic problem)
Strain energy due to bending

1
e v
2

Let consider the is subject to pure being let area of the element a & its distance from N.
M
.Y
I

A. is Y from the flexure theorem f =

M
= bending moment
I
= moment of inertia of the section
f
= bending stress
From Hooks Law
f My

E
EI

e=

The strain energy of the element

1
2
1
2

x stress x strain x dv
My MY

dv
I
EI

1
2

M 2Y2
dv
EI2

= x
Stain energy in hole beam

1 M 2Y2
2 EI2 dv
L

=
L

1 M 2Y2
x
x a x x
2
EI2

M2
o 2EI2
=

y2 a dx

M 2I
dx u
2
2EI

M2
0 2EIdx
L

Portal Frame :-

Let,
Va, Vd vertical reaction at A & D
H Horizontal Thrust at each support
w1&w2 external load.
The portal frame is the exmpal For a statically inseminate structure.
The from Analyzed not only by the Strain energy method b) moment distribution
method, Slope deflection method etc.
Let, M is the bending torment at any section of the portal frame so, M is a function of the
horizontal trust H

The strain energy store in the Frame is given by Zi =

H can be determine from

or

M M
ds 0
H

EI

wi
0
H

M 2ds
2EI

When the frame is of uniformly rigidity EI the Horizontal thrust can be given by the
M

M H ds 0
M
, iii ds
H

For each component of frame the quantities to be known as (i) M, (ii)

Which is dy of the dx depending upon whether the component is vertical or Horizontal.
The Equalities in a tubular from
Member

M
H

Limit of integration

Sign conventions for the bending moment.

(a) BM Producing concavity outside

(b) BM producing convexity outside

u
pi
Castiglianos First there em[ I =
In a Linear elastic structure, Partical derivation is of strain energy with respect to load is
equal to the deflection of the point. Where the load is acting.
u
Pi

Mathematically i =
Pi
= Load acting on the point.
i
= Deflection at point

u=

= total strain energy.

1
1
1
1 1 2 2 3 3
2
2
2

.(i)

Let
Load Added after P1, P2, P3 load applied.
Additional Deflection 1 , 2 , 3 respectively
1
2

1
2

Now du = P1 1 + P2 2 +
The excess strain energy = du

1
2

P3 3 .. (ii)

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
2

2
2
2
2

u + du
Now,
P1 + P1 , P2 , P3 Load to be applied & strain-energy is given by

SE =

1
P1 P1 1 1 1 P2 2 2 1 P3 3 3
2
2
2

Equation (iii) & (iv) ze set

. (iii)

. (iv)

1
2
1
2

1
2

P11 +

1
2

P11 +

1
2
1
2
1
2

1
2

P11

du -

u =

1
4

P11 +

P22 +

dP1 d1 =

1
2

u
1
p1

P22 +

1
2

P33 +
1
2

1
2

1
2

P22 +

P33 =

1
2

P11 +
1
2
1
2

P22 +

1
2

P22 +

1
2

P33 +

1
2

1
2

P33

P11

P1 1

P1 1

[Here

1
P11
4

P33 =

small]

u
Pi

*********************

1
2

P11 +

1
2

P11 +

PROBLEM NO - 07

BE=2.08 m & EC=2.08

Total Load= (2.08230) KN
=125.284 KN
Hence Va= Vd=62.642 KN
(by Symmetry)

Moment

Membe
r

M/

Rang
e

H
HY

AB

-y

BE

-6

CD

-Y

EC

-6

VaX-6H-

0 to
6
0 to
2.08

15x2

HY
VaX-6H-

0 to
6
0 to
2.0

8
15x2
Member AB and CD
U
M
M
dy
H
H
Now
For =2

( HY )( Y ) / EI dy

2 H / EI Y 2 dy
0

2
H / EI Y 3
3

6
0

2
H / EI .6 3
3

=
= 144H/EIFor AB & CD
NOW SPAN BE & EC
U
M
M
dx
H
H
2.08
U
M
2 M
0
H
H

2.08

62.642 x 15 x

2.08

6 H 6 / EI dx.
Xdx 15 x 6

= 2/EI[-62.462 x 6
2
813 269.96 74.88H
EI
=
HENCE,
M
H 0
144/EI+(74.88H-543.04)(2)/EI=0

2.08

x 2 dx 36 H

2.08

dx

=144H+149.76H-1086.08=0
H=3.697KN

Finding bending moment

For span AB
M=-HY
Y=0
M=0
at A
M=-HY
Y=6
M=-22.182 KN-m at B
For span CD
M=-HY
M=0 at D
M=-HY
Y=6
M=-22.182 KN-m at C
F0R SPAN BE
M=

62.642 x 15x

6H

When X=0
M=-6H
=-22.182KN-m at B
When, x=2.08m

62.642 x 15x

6H

M=
=130.295-22.182-64.896
=43.217 KN-m at E.
FOR SPAN CE

M=

62.642 x 15x

6H

When X=0
M=-6H
=-22.182KN-m at C
When, x=2.08m

 62.642 x 15x

6H

M=
=130.295-22.182-64.896
=43.217 KN-m at E.

Finding Point of contrafelexure

62.642x 15x2 6(3.697)= 0

x2 4.2x + 1.5= 0

4.2

4.2 2

4 (1) 1.5

2 1
X=
=
(+4.23.41)/2
X=.395m From B

Taking (-)Sign

Calculation for shear force,

For BC

Taking moment about C

VB (4)-22.182-22.182-30(4)(4)/2 =0
VB =71.1KN

22.18
2

VC=120-71.10
=48.90KN
FOR SPAN AB

Taking moment about B

6H =-22.182
H=-3.697 KN
FOR SPAN CD
Taking moment about C

A
22.18
2
C

6H-22.182=0
Or, H= 3.697 KN

PROBLEM 6

Span AB ,y distance from A.

My=-Hy
M
H
=-y [0 to 6]
For span BC, x distance from B.
Mx= Vax-Mbc-15x2
= 60x-6H-15x2
M
H

=
Moment
HY
60x-6H-

-6

[0 to 4]
Membe
r
AB
BC

Range
M/H
-y
-6

M/v
0
X

0 to 6
0 to 4

15x2
CD

-Y

M HY

Member AB

M2
2EI s

We know U =
U
M
M
0
H
H
Now
6
M
0 M H SpanAb&CD
For

2 HY Y dy
6

2 / EI HY 2 dy
0

2
H / EI Y 3
3

6
0

2
H / EI .6 3
3

=
= 144H/EI
U

M
H

60x 15x 6H 6 dx.

4

= -60 x 6
1
EI
=

dx 15x 6

x2 dx 36H dx
0

0 to 6.32

1
18Ma 72H
EI

For Spa BC

H 0

2M

M
dx
H
2EI

V X 15x

6H 6 dx
EI

1
48VA 1920 144H
EI

Now for Spa CD

6.32

6.32

2M

M
dY
H
2 EI

( Hy )( y ) dY
EI

=
=168.29 H/EI.

U
H

=0
We get;
168.29H+144H+1920+144H-48VA=0
Or VA =40+9.5H(1)
For Spa AB

2 M M
dY
2 EI V

M
V
U
V

=0

=0

For Span BC:

2 M M
dX
2 EI V

1 / EI

X 15 x 2 6 H

X dx

=
=1/EI [21.33VA-960-48H]

For Span CD:

V
M
V

6.32

M
dY
V
2 EI

2( HY )

=0

U
V

=0
M
V

=0
Hence 21.33VA-960-48H=0
Or
VA= 45+2.25H(II)
From( 1), we get
40+9.5H =45+2.25H
-2.25H = 5
Or 9.5H

Or H =0.689 KN
VA=45+2.25(.689)
VA=46.55KN
VD=VC=120-46.55
=73.45 KN
For Finding Moment
For span AB
M=-HY
Y=0,
M=0
at A
M=-HY
Y=6,
M=-(0.689) (6)
=-4.134 KN-m at B.
For Span BC
M =VA X- 6H-15X2
When X=0.
M= -6H
= -4.134 KN-m at B
M =VA X- 6H-15X2
X=4
=46.55(4) (.689) (6)-15(4) (4)
=-58 KN-m at c

For span CD
M= -HY Y=0
M=0
At D.
M= -HY Y=6.32
=-(0.689) (6.32)
= -4.354 KN-m at c.
For Span BC
M =VA X- 6H-15X2 x=2
=46.55 (2)-(.689)(6)-15 (2) (2)

=29 KN-m

at mid span

Finding Point of contrafelexure

46.55x 15x2 4.134= 0

2
15x 46.55x + 4.134= 0

x2 3.10x + 0.28= 0

3.1

3.1 2

4 (1) 0.28

2 1
X=
=
(+3.12.91)/2
X=0.1 m From B

Taking (-)Sign.

Calculation for shear force,

for BC

Taking moment about c.

VB (4)-4.134-58-30(4)(4)/2 =0

VB =75.53 KN
4.134

VC=120-75.53
=44.46 KN
For Span AB
Taking moment about B
6H =-4.134
H=-.689 KN

A
4.354

For Span CD
Taking moment about C
6H-4.354=0
Or, H= 0.725 KN

C
6m

Problem 5

Span AB y distance form A.

My = - Hy
M
Y [0 to 6]
H

Span BC x distance from B

M = Vax - MBC 15x2
= 60x 6H 15x2

Mn
6
H

[0 to 6 ]

Mor Bar

M
H

Limit

Ab
BC
CD

-Hy
60x 6H 15x2
-HY

-Y
-6
-Y

0 to 6
0 to 4
0 to 6

We know U =

M2
2EI s

U
M
M
0
H
H

Now

For

M
H

Span AB &CD

2 HY Y dy
6

2 HY2 dy
0

2
6
HY 3 0
3
2
H .63
3

=
= 144H
Now For BC
U

M
H

60x 15x 6H 6 dx.

4

= -60 x 6

2
dx 15x 6 x dx 36H dx

360 2
4 15x 6 4 3 36H 4
2
3

= - 2880 + 1920 + 144H

= - 960 + 144H
M

M
0
H

- 960 + 144H + 144H = 0

288H = 960
H = 3.333 KN.
Now, VA = VB = 60 KN
VC = VD = 60 KN

As per Condition

For Span AB & CD

M = - HY
Y=0
M=0
at A
KN m
or
At D
M
M

= - HY
Y=6
= -(3.333) x 6
= 19.98 KN m at B or C

Now, For Span

BC
2
M = 60x 15x 6H
= -6H
= - 6 x (3.33)
= -19.98 KN m at B
M = 60x 15x2 6H
= 60 x 4 15(4)2 6H
= - 6H
= -19.98 KN m at C.
When x = 2
Then M = 40.02 KN m
Finding Point of contrafelexure
60x 15x2 19.98 = 0

x=0

x=4

x2 4x + 1.332 = 0

4 2 4 (1) 1.332
2 1

X = -(-4)
=
0.37

Or.

Taking
From

H = 3.33 KN
1/A = VD = 60KN

From
B
(-)
Sign.
C

Problem 4

Member

Moment

H
V

M
H

M
M

range

AB
BC

Ma - Hy
Vax = 15x2 6H

0
X

-y
-6

1
0

0 to 6
0 to 4

Now member AB
M
0
V

M2
dy
0 2EI
6

M
V dy
2EI

2m

1
[(Ma Hy) dy] 0
EI

=
=0

BC
M
0
V

N
V dx
2EI

2M

VAX 15x

6H x dx
EI

1 VA 3 4 15 4 4 6H 2 4
x 0 x 0 x 0
EI 3
4
2

1
21.33VA 96a 48h
EI

M
0
V

set
21.33 VA 64 48H + O = 0
=21.33 VA 48H = 96

(1)

Now for SPN AB

M2
2EI dy.

M
H dy
2EI

2M

Ma Hy y dy

EI

6
6
1
Ma Ydy H Y2 dy

0
0
EI

1 Ma 2 H 3
6 3 (6)

EI
2

1
18Ma 72H
EI

For Span C

2M

M
dx
H
2EI

VAx 15x

6H 6 dx
EI

6 VA
15 3

42
4 6H 4

EI 2
3

6
48VA 1920 144H
EI

- 18MA + 72H + 1920 + 144H 48VA = 0

- 18Ma + 216H + 1920 48Va = 0
= -Ma + 12H + 6.67 2.7VA = 0
Now for Span AB.

M2
2EI dy

2M

M
dy
M
2EI

Ma Hy x 1 dy

EI

&

1
EI

Mady H

Y dy
6

1
H

6Ma 36

EI
2

6Ma 18H
EI
For SPa C
M2
2EI dx

M
H dx
2EI

2M

=0

6Ma 18H = 0
= Ma = 3H
From eqn. 2
- Ma + 12H = 106.67 2.7VA = 0
= -3H + 12H + 106.67 2.7VA = 0
= 9H 2.7VA = -106.67 .(III)
21.33 VA 48H = 960 (I)
9H 2.7VA = - 106.67 ..(III)
H 0.3VA = - 11.85 ..(IV)
& From (1)
0.44VA H .(v)
V + IV

(0.44Va H) + (H 0.3VA) = 20 (-11.85)

= 0.44Va H 0.3VA = 8.15
= 0.14VA = 8.15
VA = 58.21 KN

VB = 120 58.21
= 61.79 KN
From (IV)
H 0.3 VA = - 11.85
= H 0.3 (58.21) = -11.85
= H = -11.85 + 17.463
= h = 5.613 KN

Ma

=3xH
= 3 x (5.613)
= 16.839 KN m.
Finding point of Contre. Hen true
VA x 6H 15x2 = 0
= 58.21 x 6 (5.613) 15x2 = 0
= 58.21 x 28.065 15x2 = 0
= 3.9x 1.871 x2 = 0
= x2 + 1.871 3.9x = 0
= s2 3.9x + 1.871 = 0

3.9

3.9 2 4 1 1.871
2 1

X=
3.9 2.8
2 1
=
X = 0.5 taking ve sign. from B.
X = 3.35 m from B taking ve sign.
For SPa AB
M = Ma Hy
= 16.839 H x O
Y=0
= 16.839 KN m at A

M = Ma Hy
Y = 6m
= 16.839 5.613 (6)
= -16.839 KN m at B

Now For Spa BC

M = Van 6H 15x2
When x = 0
M = - 6H
= - 6 x (5.613)
= -33.678 KN-m at B
When = 4m
M = VAX 6H 15x2
= 58.21(4) 6 x (5.613) 15(4)2
= -40.838 KN m at C
When x = 2m, M = 22.742 KN m
For SPa CD

= 6H MD + 40 .838 = 0
= 6H MD + 40.838 + 0
= 6 x (5.613) 40.838 = MD
= MD = -7.16 KN-m
Moment ForSPa CD
M = MD HY
When Y = 0

M = MD
= -7.16 KN m at D
When Y = 4
M = MD HY
= -7.16 (5.613) (4)
= -29.612 KN m.

For Calculation SF.

VB1 x 4 33.678 + 40.838

- 30 x

42
0
2

240 40.838 33.678

4

VB1 =
VB1 = 58.21 KN
VC1 = 120 58.21
= 61.79 KN

Taking moment about 2

16.839 6 x H + 16.839 = 0
H=0
VB = VB, + VB2
= 58.51 + 0
= 58.21 KN

Taking moment about D

H x 4 29.612 7.16 = 0
= H = 9.193 KN

Problem 3

Member

Moment

M
H

M x
V

M x
M

range

AB
BC
CD

Ma - Hy
Vax = 15x2 6H
MD HY

-y
(-6)
-y

0
X
0

1
0
1

0-6
0-4
0-6

Now for AB
6 Ma Hy

dy
0
H
2EI 2

1 6
M
2 Ma Hy
, dy

0
4EI
H
1 6
2 Ma Hy y dy
4EI 0

2 6
Ma Hy y dy.
2EI 0
1
18Ma 72H
2EI

9Ma 36H

Now For BC

Vax 15x

6H M
, dx.
2EI
H
2

1 4
VAx 15x2 6H 6 dx

0
2EI

15 6
2 6

Va (4)2
43 36H (4)

2EI 2
3

3
15

8
Va

64 4 64

EI
3

3
8Va 320 24H
EI
1
8 3Va 960 72H
EI

U
0
H

-8 x 3 Va + 960 + 72H + 36H 9Ma = 0

- 24Va + 960 + 108 H 9Ma = 0
= -2.7Va + 106.67 + 12H Ma = 0
= -2.7Va + 106.67 + 12H = Ma ..(1)

Now for AB
4 2 Ma Hy
U
M

.
dy
0
M
2EI 2
M
1
EI 2

Ma Hy x 1
4

dy

=
1
EI 2

4Ma 2 4 4

1
4Ma 8H
2EI
1
2Ma 4H
EI

For BC

2
4 V x 15x 6H
U
A
dx
0
M
2EI
2

2VAx 15x2 6H M
.
dx
0
2EI
M

1
EI

Vax 15x
4

6H 0 dx.

=
=0

U
0
M

2Ma 4H = 0
= Ma = 2H

For Spa AB
6 2(Ma Hy) M
U

dx.
V 0
4EI
V
=0
For BC

2
4 2 VA x 15x 6H x dx
U

V 0
4EI

1
2EI

4
4
VAx2 dx 15x3dx 6xHdx

0
0

1 Va 3 15 4 6 2
EI
x4
4 4
2 3
4
2

1
21.33Va 960 48H
2EI

1
10.66Va 480 24H
EI

U
0
V

0+10.66Va 480 24H = 0

10.66Va 24H = 480 .(II)
Now From (I)
-2.7Va + 106.67 + 12H = Ma
= -2.7Va + 106.69 + 12H = 2H
= -2.7Va + 106.67 + 10H = 0 .. (iii)
= - Va + 39.51 + 3.7H = 0 (iv)
Now from (II)
Va 2.25H = 45 ..(v)
(iv) + (v)
(-Va + 39.51 + 3.7H) + (Va 2.25H) = 0 + 45
= +39.51 + 1.45H = 45
H = 3.78 Kn

Ma = 3.78 x 2 = 7.56 KN-m

From (v)
Va 2.25 (3.78) = 45.
Va = 53.505 KN

VD = 30 x 4 53.505
= 66.795 KN.
For finding moment at D
MD = 240 + 6H 4VD
= 240 + 6(3.78) 4 (66.495)
= 240 + 22.68 265.98
= -3.3 KN m.

Moment for CD
M = MD HY
M = MD
= -3.3 KN m at D

Y=0

When Y = 6
M = MD HY
= -3.3 (3.78) x (6)
= -25.98 KN-m at C
For BC
M = VAx 15x2 6H
When x = 0.m
M = 53.505 x 0 15 x 02 6(3.78)
= - 22.68 KN m at B
When = 4m.
M = VA x 15x2 6H
= 53.505(4) 15(4)2 6 x (3.78)
= -48.66 KN m at C
When x = 2m
M = 53.505(2) 15(2)2 6 x (3.78)
= 24.33 KN-m
For AB
M = Ma HY
When Y = 0
M = Ma
= 7.56 KN m at A.
When Y = 6m.
M = Ma Hy
= 7.56 3.78 x 6
= -15.12 Kn m at B
Finding point of contraflexure

VA x 15x2 6H = 0
53.505x 15x2 6 x (3.78) = 0
= 53.505x - 152 22.68 = 0
= 3.56x x2 1.512 = 0
= x2 3.56x + 1.512 = 0

(3.56)

3.56 2

4 1 1.512

21
X=
3.56 2.57
2 1
=
X = 0.495 m. From B taking + Sign.

Finding Shear Force

Taking moment about C

VB x 4 22.68 48.66 240 = 0

VB = 77.835 KN
VC = 120 77.835KN
= 42.165KN

Taking moment about B

H x 6 + 7.56 15.12 = 0
H = 1.26 KN

H x 6 3.3 25.98 = 0
= H = 4.88KN
taking moment about C

Problem 2

Moment

Member

M
V

M
H

M
M

Range

Ma Hy
VA n 15x26H

AB
BC

0
X

-y
-6

1
0

0 to 6
0 to 4

Member AB
U

M2
dy
2EI

2(Ma Hy) dy M

2EI
V

=0
BC member
2VAx 15x2 6H
4

V 0

2EI

M
V dx

1 VA 3 4 15 4 6H 2 4
x 0 x x 0
E1 3
4
2

1
21.33VA 960 48H
E1

U
0
V

O+ 21.33VA - 960 - 48H = 0

= 21.33 VA 960 = 48H (i)
For Spa AB
U

2 Ma Hy Y
dy
2EI

6
6
1
Ma 7dy H y2dy

0
0
EI

1
18Ma 72H
EI

For Spa BC

H 0

2M

M
dx
H
2EI

V X 15x

6H 6 dx
EI

1
48VA 1920 144H
EI
U

0
H

- 1.8Ma + 72H 48VA + 1920 + 144H = 0

=> - Ma + 12H + 106.67 2.7A = 0 (ii)
Now for Spa AB
4
U

0
M

M
dy
M

2EI

Ma Hy 1 dy

EI

2 Ma Hy

1
6Ma 18H
EI

For Spa BC
U

2M M
dx 0
2EI M

0
M

1
6Ma 18H 0
EI

= Ma = 3H
From eqx (II)
- Ma + 12H + 106.67 2.7VA = 0
=> 9H 2.7 VA = -106.67..(iii)
21.33 VA 48H = 960
=> 0.44VA H = 20 ..(iv)
From (III)
H 0.3 Va = - 11.85 ..(v)
V + IV
(H 0.3VA) + (0.44VA H) = 20 + (-11.85)
=> 0.14VA = 8.15
VA = 58.21 KN
VB = 120 58.21
= 61.79KN
From (V)
H 0.3VA = 11.85
=> H 0.3(58.21) = - 11.85
=> H = 5.613KN

Ma = 3H
= 16.839 KN m
Point of contra flexure
VAx 15x2 6H = 0

=> 58.21x 28.065 15x2 = 0

=>x2 + 1.871 3.9x = 0
3.9

3.9 2 4 1 1.871
2x 1

X=
X = 0.5 taking ve sign from B.
Finding Bending moment for AB
M = Ma Hy
Y=0
M = Ma
= 16.839 KN-m at A
For Spa BC
M = VA x 15x2 6H
When x = 0
M = 6H
= - 6 x (5.613)
= -33.678 KN m at B.
For AB Span
M = Ma Hy
Y = 6m
M = Ma 6H
= 16.839 33678
= -16.839 KN-m
For BC
M = VA x 15x2 6H
X = 4m
M = -40.838KN m of C
X = 2m
M = 22.742 KN-m
but CD.

M = 0 [ Rollar support]
At D

Calculation SF

Taking moment about C.

VBI x 4 33.678 40.838 240 = 0
VB1 x 4 = 240 +33.678 + 40.838
VB1 = 78.629 KN

VC1 = 120 78.629

= 66.629 KN

- 6 x H + 33.678 + 16.839 = 0
H = 8.42 KN

H=

40.838
6.81KN
6

Problem : 1

Member

Moment

M
M

M
H

Range

AB
BC

Ma Hy
VAx-15x2
6H

1
0

-y
-6

0 to 6
0 to 4

Number AB

6 2 Ma Hy 1 dy
U

M 0
2EI

I
6Ma 18H
E1

Number BC
U

2VA x 15x2 6H dx x0
0
2EI
4

=0
U

0
M

6Ma 18H = 0
=> Ma = 3H

Remarks

Now for AB

U 6 2 Na Ny y dy

H 0
2EI
1
EI

18Ma 72H.

=
For BC
U

2VAx 15x2 6H 6 dx
0
2EI
4

1
48VA 1920 144H
2
U

0
H

-18Ma + 72H 48 VA + 1920 + 144H = 0

=> - Na + 12H + 106.67 2.7 VA = 0
30x4
60KN
2

Va =
=> -3H + 12H + 106.67 2.7 x (60) = 0
=> 9H = 55.33
H = 6.15 KN

MA = 3 x 6.15
= 18.45KN m

Ma = 18.45 KN-m
Va = 60KN
H = 6.15 KN
Similarly
MD = 18.45 KN-m
VD = 60KN
Finding point of contraflexure
Vax = 15x2 6H = 0
60x = 15x2 6 x (6.15) = 0

=> 60x 15x2 36.9 = 0

=> 4x n2 2.43 = 0
=>x2 4x + 2.46
4 16 4 1 2.46
2 1
X=
4 2.48
2

=
= 0.76 taKing ve sign from B
Bonding Moment for Spa AB
M = Ma Hy
When Y = 0 at A.
M = Na
= 18.45KN-m.
M = Ma Hy
= 18.45 6.15(6) when y = 6m
= -18.45 KN-m at b.
For Spa BC
M = Va x = 15x2 6H
X=0
M = -6H
= -36.9KN-m at
M = VA x 15x2 6H
When x = 4m.
M = VAx 15x2 6H
= 60 x 4 15(4)2 6 x (6.15)
= (240 240 36.9) KN m
=36.9 KN m at C.
For BC Span
When n = 2m
M = VA x 15x2 - 6H

= 60 x 2 15x 4 6 x (6.15)
= 120 60 36.9
= 23.1 KN-m.
Bending moment for CD.
When y = 0
Then M = 18.45 KN m at D
When y = 6m, M = -18.45 KN-m at C.

taking moment about C

VB x 4 36.9 36.9 240 = 0
VB = 78.45KN
VC = 120-78.45 = 41.55KN

Taking moment about A

- H x 6 + 36.9 18.45 = 0
H = 3.075.

Taking moment about D.

- 6 x H 18.45 + 36.9 = 0
=> H = 3.075 KN