LYCEUM OF ALABANG

KM 30 National Road, Tunasan Muntinlupa City

ETHICS AND VALUES (CRIMINOLOGY 3)

BY: Ricardo P. Aquino, Jr. RC, MSCJ
PART ONE -

GENERAL and SPECIAL ETHICS

ETHICS
- the science of the morality of human acts
- the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of human
rational behaviour
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means characteristic
way of acting and ethikos, which means customary
MORALITY
the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or evil, right
or wrong
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
1)
moral
2)
immoral
3)
amoral
-

good, right
bad, wrong
neither good nor bad

HUMAN ACTS
acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and freely
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS
1)
KNOWINGLY
when the person fully understands what he is doing and has the
ability to appreciate the consequences of his actions
2)
DELIBERATELY
when the person did his actions intentionally
3)
FREELY
when the person performed his actions voluntarily
TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
1)
GENERAL ETHICS
the study of the general principles of morality
)
SPECIAL ETHICS
the study of the application of the general principles of
morality; included in this division is the category of
professional ethics
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
- guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate
POLICE ETHICS
- an example of professional ethics
- a practical science that treats the principle of human morality
and duty as applied to law enforcement
VALUES
anything that a person considers important in life, such as
material things, ideas and experiences
KINDS OF VALUES
1)
BIOLOGICAL VALUES
those that are necessary for survival, such as food, shelter,
clothing, sex, water, sleep
include the physiological needs of man as man

2)
3)
4)
-

PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
those are that are necessary for emotional fulfillment of man,
such as relationships, companionship, family, friendships, love
INTELLECTUAL VALUES
those that are necessary for the intellectual fulfillment of man,
such as achievements, career, success
MORAL VALUES
those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfillment of man

VIRTUE
- a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes
with his nature
- the habit of doing good
- the opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
1) PRUDENCE
- the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason
and sound judgment
- the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most
effective means for accomplishing what is morally good and
avoiding what is evil
2) TEMPERANCE
- ones ability to moderate or avoid something
- the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual
pleasures
3) FORTITUDE
- firmness of mind
- the courage to endure without yielding
- the virtue that incites courage
a) PATIENCE calmness and composure in enduring situations
b) PERSEVERANCE the ability to go on despite the obstacles
c) ENDURANCE the ability to last
4) JUSTICE
- the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his
rights
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE
1) COMMUTATIVE
- virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights that
exist between one and another
2) DISTRIBUTIVE
- Regulates those actions that involve the rights that an
individual may claim from society
3) LEGAL
- virtue that regulates those actions which society may justly
require of the individual for the common good
RIGHT
- anything that is
owed or due
- something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
- anything that a person can lawfully
demand
HUMAN RIGHTS
- rights pertaining to the rights of man
- rights inherent to man
by virtue of being a human being
- are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life, dignity
and to self-development
supreme rights = highest form of
rights
inherent rights = rights attached to men as human

inalienable rights = rights that

cannot be transferred, cannot
be borrowed and cannot be taken away
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1) RIGHT TO LIFE
Exceptions:
self-defense
death under exceptional circumstances
death penalty
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Exceptions:
for reasons of public health and public safety
penalty for commission of a crime
circumstances of warrantless arrests
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions:
circumstances of warrantless search
by virtue of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are
guaranteed and protected under Article III of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution
- protection of
individuals
against
abuses
of the
state
- protection of
the rights of an accused
DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit
- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing, omitting or
avoiding
- for every right, there is a corresponding duty

PART TWO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

CODE

OF

BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL

STANDARDS
SECTION 37, RA 6975
There shall be established a performance evaluation system which
shall be administered in accordance with the rules, regulations and
standards, and A CODE OF CONDUCT promulgated by the Commission for
members of the PNP
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4
- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the draft of the
Philippine National Police Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards by the PNP
- approved on 12 March 1992
PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline and
organizational
effectiveness,
as
well
as
respect
for
constitutional
and
human
rights
of
citizens,
democratic
principles and ideals and the supremacy of civilian authority
over the military;
2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct in the
police service;
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP members; and

4) To enlighten members of the police service of what behavior is

really acceptable to define what is permitted and what is
prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE
1) RA 3019 Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices Act
2) RA 6713 Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
Officials and Employees
3) RA 7080 Anti-Plunder Act
4) RA 9485 the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
5) PLEB Rules and Regulations

for

Public

IMPORTANT TERMS
NON-FEASANCE
- the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of ones
obligation without sufficient excuse
MALFEASANCE
- the commission of an act that one is prohibited to do
MISFEASANCE
- the improper or incorrect performance of an act that should be
done or performed
INCOMPETENCY
- lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
performance of police duties; could be due to
intellectual limitations or lack of skill

satisfactory
physical or

DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT

- abandonment or renunciation of ones loyalty to the government of
the Philippines
- advocating to overthrow the present administration
POLICE DISCRETION
the act or the liberty to decide according to the
principles
of
justice and the police officers ideas of what is right
and proper under the circumstances
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve
mankind; to safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent
against deception; the weak against oppression or intimidation; and
the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the
constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all;
maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule;
develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the welfare of
others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official 1
life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and
regulations of my organization.
Whatever I see or hear of a
confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity
will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the
performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings,
prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision. With
no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminal, I
will enforce the law courteously and appropriately, without fear or

favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary

violence and never accepting gratuities in return.
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of
and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as
the ethics of police service. I will never engage
corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by
officers.
I will cooperate with all legally authorized
their representatives in the pursuit of justice.

force

or

public faith
I am true to
in acts of
other police
agencies and

I know that I alone am responsible for my own standard of

professional performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to
enhance and improve my level of knowledge and competence. I will
constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating
myself before God to my chosen profession... law enforcement.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1)
Primordial Police Responsibility
the primary responsibility of the police is crime prevention
2)
Limitation of Police Authority
laws set limits to the power of the police
police officers are not exempted from obeying the laws they are
enforcing
3)
Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities
police officers are expected to know and understand the laws they
are enforcing
police officers must fully understand their duties and
responsibilities as police officers
police officers must know and fully understand the relationship
of the PNP organization with other law enforcement agencies and
other government agencies
4)
Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
police officers must only employ legal methods in the conduct of
their work
5)
Cooperation with Public Officials
police officers must cooperate with other public officials and
government agencies
6)
Proper Conduct and Behavior
police officers must always observe proper conduct and behavior
both in their personal and official life
7)
Conduct towards the Community
police officers must never forget that they are public servants
8)
Conduct in Arresting Law Violators
police officers must always adhere to the prescribed rules when
effecting arrests of suspects
9)
Firmness in Refusing Gifts
police officers must never ask for nor accept gifts or special
favors
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
police officers must be fair in presenting evidence
11) Attitude towards Police Profession
police officers must have a high regard for the police profession
and must be proud that they are police officers
police officers must strive to improve their knowledge and skills
in order be the best police officers that they can be
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE
1)
Prevention of Crime and Disorder
it is the primary objective of the police to prevent crime

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
-

Cooperation of the Community

the police is dependent upon community support
Unreasonable Force Reduces Community Cooperation
the use of unreasonable force on the part of the police
negatively affects the desire of the people to cooperate with the
police
Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not Sufficient
the police may only use force when dialogue is no longer
effective and the degree of force to be used must be reasonable
Impartial Enforcement of Laws
the police must be fair in enforcing the laws
The Community are the Police
the police and the community are dependent on each other and must
work hand in hand to prevent crimes
Police should not Usurp Judicial Power
the police has no power or authority to decide whether a suspect
is guilty or innocent of a crime because only the court has this
power
Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
the police must always adhere to the prescribed procedures in the
performance of their duty
Reduction of Crime and Disorder
the effectiveness of the police is measured through the ability
of the police to prevent crime
Police Discretion
the police must never abuse the police discretion granted to them

PNP CORE VALUES

1)
Love of God
2)
Respect for Authority
3)
Selfless Love and Service to People
4)
Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5)
Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material Things
7)
Truthfulness
POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider, and the
Creator of all men and everything dear to me.
In return, I cannot
less than love Him above all, seek His guidance in the performance of
my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty.
I respect and
uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable rules
and regulations.
I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the
leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this
end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above my
personal convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women. I
shall set the example of decency and morality and shall have high 1
regard for family life and chastity.
I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material
things.
I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my
property. I shall protect the environment and conserve nature to
maintain ecological balance.
I shall respect private and public
properties and prevent others from destroying them.
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy
and I shall speak the truth at all times as required by the
profession.

PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES

1) PNP IMAGE
- the PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP Core Values and
shall possess the following virtues:
a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE
2) CAREER MANAGEMENT
- the PNP shall formulate and implement policies and human
resources development system for all PNP personnel, from
recruitment to retirement
3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
- the primary basis for consideration in the selection of personnel
for employment and deployment shall be the individuals
capabilities and competent leadership
4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
- there
shall
be
judicious
and
equitable
distribution
of
opportunity to prove ones worth in the PNP service;
- the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit and fitness
system
5) DELICADEZA
- all members of the PNP must have moral courage to sacrifice selfinterest
6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is acceptable
and respectable in the eyes of the public because the public
expects a police officer to live a simple, yet dignified life
7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE
- all PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political
patronage in matters pertaining to assignments, promotions,
trainings and awards
8) HUMAN RIGHTS
- all PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and mans
rights to life, liberty and property
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- police officers must commit themselves to a democratic way of
life
and
values
and
maintain
the
principle
of
public
accountability
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to
the legitimate government
2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
- police officers must always uphold public interest over and above
personal interest
- they shall use public resources and properties economically and
1
judiciously to avoid wastage of public funds
3) NON-PARTISANSHIP
- police officers shall provide services to everyone without
discrimination regardless of political affiliation in accordance
with existing laws and regulations
4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH
- police officers shall strive to be physically and mentally fit
and in good health at all times
5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official
information against unauthorized access and disclosure

6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
- police officers, as well as their immediate family members, shall
be encouraged to actively get involved in religious, social and
civic activities to enhance the image of the PNP organization
7) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
- police officers shall seek self-improvement through career
development without directly or indirectly soliciting favors or
recommendation
from
politicians,
high-ranking
government
officials and the like
8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY
- police officers shall be responsible for the security, proper
care and use of public authority issued to them for the
performance of their duties
9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
- police officers shall respect and protect human rights in the
performance of their duty
10)
DEVOTION TO DUTY
- police officers shall perform their duties with dedication,
thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest
concern for public welfare
11)
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
- police officers shall help in the development and conservation of
our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity
12)
DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all times in
keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization
13)
LOYALTY
- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to the
police service as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors,
peers and subordinates as well
14)
OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
- police officers shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to
superior officers and other appropriate authorities
15)
COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective
supervision, control and direction of their personnel
ETHICAL STANDARDS
- shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values
and ethical acts
1) MORALITY
- police officers must adhere to high standard of morality and
decency and shall set good example for others
2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
- police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority and discretion in the performance of their duty
3) INTEGRITY
- police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims of
corruption and dishonest practices
4) JUSTICE
- police officers shall strive constantly to respect the rights of
others
5) HUMILITY
- police officers shall recognize the fact that they are public
servants and not the masters of the people
- they should perform their duties without arrogance
- they should recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and
limitations as individuals
- they should perform their duties without attracting attention or
expecting the applause of others
6) ORDERLINESS

police officers shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing

tasks assigned to them to minimize wasted time and resources
7) PERSEVERANCE
- police officers must exert all efforts to achieve their goal or
mission even in the face of difficulties and obstacles
PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
CUSTOMS
- Established usage or social practices carried on by tradition
that have obtained the force of law
PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
- a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for
others
SALUTE
- the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel upon meeting
and recognizing persons entitled to it
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD
- police officers must stand at attention and salute the national
color and standard as it passes by them or when the national
color is raised or lowered during ceremonies
ADDRESS/TITLE
- junior in rank must address senior members who are entitled to a
salute with the Sir or Maam
COURTESY CALLS
1) COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY-ASSIGNED/APPOINTED MEMBER
- PNP members who are newly-assigned or appointed to a unit or
command must call on the chief of the unit or command and to
other key personnel for accounting, orientation and other
purposes
2) CHRISTMAS CALL
- PNP members pay a Christmas call on their local executives in
their respective area of responsibility
3) NEW YEARS CALL
- PNP members pay a New Years call on their commanders and/or key
officials in their respective area of responsibility
4) PROMOTION CALL
- newly-promoted PNP members call on their unit head
5) EXIT CALL
- PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the unit or
command when relieved or reassigned out of said unit or command
COURTESY OF THE POST
- the host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay
respect to the command or unit
RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE
- PNP members must acknowledge that different ranks carry with them
corresponding privileges
CEREMONY
- a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or
authority as proper to special occasion
PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES
FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY
- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the National
Anthem before the start of the official days work

FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY
- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end of the
official days work
HALF-MAST
- the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased
uniformed members of the command
FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS
- departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PNP
members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside
honors
CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES
- in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to
the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honor
HONOR CEREMONIES
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting
dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of Chief
Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade
TURN-OVER CEREMONY
- the relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is
publicly announced by the outgoing and incoming officers
WEDDING CEREMONY
during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with
participants in uniform and swords drawn
ANNIVERSARY
the birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is
commemorated in an anniversary ceremony
SOCIAL DECORUM
- a set of norms and standards practiced by members during social
and other functions
PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM
UNIFORM/APPEARANCE
- police officers must observe the following:
a) wearing of prescribed uniform
b) wearing, as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned
in accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations
c) adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations
MANNER OF WALKING
- every PNP officer is expected to walk with pride and dignity
OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
1)
-

2)
-

Visiting the Sick

immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit
visit PNP members who are sick in the hospital, their residence
or any place of confinement in order that their needs are
attended to
Survivor
Assistance to
Heirs of Deceased Members
a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to
render maximum assistance to their bereaved family until all
benefits due shall have been received

3)
4)
-

5)
-

Visiting
Religious Leaders
PNP officer visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment
to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation between the
different religious leaders and the PNP
Athletics
PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to ensure that
their proper physical appearance and bearing are maintained with
the waist line measurement always smaller than the size of his
chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by the
organization
Happy Hours
usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for the occasion,
PNP members gather together at their PNP Club for a light-hearted
jesting or airing of minor gripes

TRADITION
- bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law
POLICE TRADITIONS
1) SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
- PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving
persons;
they attend religious services together with the
members of their family
2) VALOR
- police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for the people
they have pledged to serve
3) PATRIOTISM
- police officers manifest their love of country with a pledge of
allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution
4) DISCIPLINE
- police officers manifest discipline by instinctive obedience to
lawful orders and through spontaneous actions towards attainment
of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal
norms
5) GENTLEMANLINESS
- police officers are upright in character, polite in manners,
dignified in appearance and sincere in their concern for their
fellowmen
6) WORD OF HONOR
- police officers stand by, and commit to uphold, their word
7) DUTY
- police officers are dedicated public servants who perform their
tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice
8) LOYALTY
- police officers are traditionally loyal to the organization,
country and fellowmen
9) CAMARADERIE
- the binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the
police organization
POLICE OFFICERS PLEDGE
1)
I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2)
I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the dulyconstituted authorities
3)
I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality and
professionalism
4)
I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service;
and
5)
I will live a decent and virtuous life and to serve as an example
to others.

PART THREE

POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)

BACKGROUND ON POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

Section 2 of Republic Act No 6975 reads:
SECTION 2.
Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared to be the
policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure public safety
and further strengthen local government capability aimed towards the
effective delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the
establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character. Towards this end, the
State shall bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among the
citizenry, local executives and the integrated law enforcement and
public safety agencies created under this Act.
Said provision was later amended by RA 8551, which reads:
Section 2.
Declaration of Policy and Principles. It is hereby
declared the policy of the State to establish a highly efficient and
competent police force which is national in scope and civilian in
character
administered
and
controlled
by
a
national
police
commission.
The Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be a community and service
oriented agency responsible for the maintenance of peace and order and
public safety.
PNP VISION
The Men and Women of the PNP is committed to a vision of a
professional, dynamic and highly motivated Philippine National Police
working in partnership with a responsive community towards the
attainment of a safe place to live, work, invest and do business with.
PNP MISSION
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain
peace and order, and to ensure public safety and internal security
with the active support of the community
IMPORTANT TERMS
POLICE
a group of persons established, maintained and organized for
keeping order, safety, protection of lives and property and for
prevention and detection of crimes
COMMUNITY
refers to the civilian populace or the public in general, and
shall be used interchangeably with the terms, public, citizenry,
society and private sector
a body of people organized into political, municipal or social
unity or a body of persons living in the same locality
derived from the Latin words, communis, which means common, and
tatis which means fellowship
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
the sum total of the dealings between the police and the people
it serves, and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves, for the
greatest possible efficiency in the service
refers to the reciprocal
attitudes of the police and the
community

PUBLIC RELATIONS
the act of bringing about better understanding, confidence
and acceptance for an individual or an organization
POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS
the continuing process by which endeavors are made to obtain the
goodwill and cooperation of the public for effective enforcement
of the law and accomplishment of the police purposes
HUMAN RELATIONS
consist of the fundamental rules both moral and legal, which
govern the relationship of men in all aspects of life
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
the channels through which information is disseminated to the
public
may be in the form of television, movies, radio or newspaper,
and the like
PROPAGANDA
the planned use of mass communication for

public purpose

POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

refers to how the people in the community perceive or regard the
police
PRINCIPLES OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL
1)
The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent crime and
disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and
disorder by military force and severity of legal punishment.
2)
The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent
upon public approval of police existence, actions, and behavior
and the ability of the police to secure and maintain public
respect.
3)
The police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in
voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain
public respect.
4)
The degree of the cooperation of the public that can be secured
diminishes proportionately the necessity for the use of physical
force and the compulsion in achieving police objectives.
5)
The police seek and preserve public favor, not by catering to
public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely
impartial service to the law, in complete independence of policy,
and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance
of individual laws; by ready offering of individual service and
friendship to all members of society without regard to their race
or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly
good humor, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in
protecting and preserving life.
6)
The police should use physical force to the extent necessary to
secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the
exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient to achieve police objectives; and police should use
only the minimum degree of physical force that is necessary on
any particular occasion for achieving police objectives.
7)
The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the
public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the
police are the public and the public are the police; the police
are only members of the public who are paid to give full-time
attention to duties that are incumbent on every citizen in the
intent of community welfare.
8)
The police should always direct their actions toward their
functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary

9)

by avenging individuals or the state, or authoritatively judging

guilt or punishing the guilty.
The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and
disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing
with them.

FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS

The foundation of community relations is EFFICIENT SERVICE.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Sincerity in serving the public
2) Full knowledge of the job
3) Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a necessary
service to promote individual or national welfare
4) Sound police ethics
5) High standard of management and operation
THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) COMMUNITY SERVICE
activities that provide service to the community
may be in the form of medical-dental mission, sports
clinic, feeding programs, seminars, etc
2) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
involvement of the community in the various social
projects, particularly, in the area of crime prevention
awareness of the community of their role in crime
prevention
3) PUBLIC RELATIONS
activities directed at creating and maintaining favorable
impressions to the public
projection of the police public image to the people to gain
their support and cooperation
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) To maintain and develop the
goodwill and confidence of the
community for the police;
2) To obtain cooperation and assistance;
3) To develop public understanding and support and appreciation for
the service of the police;
4) To create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems
and needs of the police;
5) To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6) To build public opinion in favor of the police;
7) To achieve the police purpose of preserving the peace, protection
of life and property, and the prevention of crime.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Community support must be maintained.
2) Community resentment must be avoided.
3) Community goodwill must be developed.
4) Community must be kept informed.
FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Externally-Oriented
Approach
directed towards the general public or various enclaves
within the society
2) Youth-Oriented Approach
directed the majority of police efforts towards the youth
of the community
3) Service-Oriented Approach
emphasis is given to the alleviation of social problems as
the basic objective of the program
4) Internally-Oriented Approach

Every
relations

essential characteristics is the realization that the

officer on beat creates community relations because
officer of the organization is a police-community
officer

TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1) Public Information Program
designed to bridge the communication gap between the
police and the public
Forms of Media Used:
a)
Personal Media
consists of face-to-face
communication, such as
meetings, rallies,
delivering speeches and
house-to-house visitation
b)
Mass Media
include printed matter and audio-visual communications
2) Public Relations Program
designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the
police and the community
designed to sell the police to the public
3) Civic Action Program
designed to maintain and encourage community development
4) Psychological Program
designed to condition both friendly and hostile public,
ensuring the facilitation of the attainment of police
objectives
DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER
1)
He shall issue press releases from time to time regarding police
activities which are of public concern;
2)
He shall build good image through actual commendable performance,
without inefficiency and corruption; and
3)
He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to
policies, methods and personnel of the police station.
DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER
1)
He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic
competitions to promote youth development by wisely coordinating
with the social elements of the populace;
2)
He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile delinquents
who are being rehabilitated;
3)
He shall be alert to safeguard the community against loss and
damages to properties and possible death, in the events of
calamity;
4)
He shall render possible assistance, especially to the men folk
in enabling them to obtain the means of productive endeavors
and discourage them from loitering in the street or engaging
uneconomic activities, such as illegal gambling and others
MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE
1)
increased police visibility through the dispersal of
personnel
from the headquarters to the field offices;
2)
efficient and optimized delivery of police services to the
communities;
3)
constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay officials in
their respective territorial jurisdictions;
4)
Community service-oriented policing by conducting seminars for
the traffic aides, police aides and the barangay tanod; and
5)
Coordination with the media for image-enhancing projects.

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REFERENCES and SUGGESTED READINGS:

Ethics and the Filipino, 2nd Edition, by Ramon B Agapay
Notes on Values and Ethics by Zethsayo Par
Philippine National Police Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical
Standards Manual (red handbook)
Philippine National Police Ethical Doctrine Manual (blue handbook)
Police Ethics and Police-Community Relations by Adelene M FLorendo
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