NMS Guide To Environmental Specifications

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The material presented in this guideline is drawn from the collaborative work of Public Works
and Government Services Canada (PWGSC) Environmental Services; the National Master
Specification Secretariat; Environment Canada (EC); the Canadian Standards Association; and
Members of the Green Building Information Council. Funding and resources for this work were
provided by EC and PWGSC.
The work of the many contributors of the material applied in this guideline is gratefully
acknowledged. Those who contributed examples of greened specifications and case studies are
identified in the appendices.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS___________________________________________________________ i
1.0 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________ 1
2.0 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDELINE ______________________________________ 2
3.0 SCOPE ____________________________________________________________ 2
4.0 DESIGNING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT _______________________________ 3
5.0 CORE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ________________________ 4
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION CRITERIA __________________________ 4
7.0 CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS________________________________________ 8
8.0 GREEN SPECIFICATIONS ___________________________________________ 8
9.0 WASTE REDUCTION _______________________________________________ 9
10.0 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION __________________________ 10
11.0 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION METHODS _____________________ 11
12.0 CASE STUDIES __________________________________________________ 11
13.0 THE NATIONAL MASTER SPECIFICATION __________________________ 11
14.0 APPLICATION MATRIX ___________________________________________ 12
Tables and Figures

Figure 1: Product Life-Cycle Evaluation ___________________________________
Figure 2: The Relationship Between Product Life-Cycle and the Design Process ___
Table 1: Strategies for Environmentally Enhanced Design _____________________
Table 2: Evaluation Criteria within Product Life-Cycle Stages __________________
Appendices
Appendix A ..
Appendix B...
Appendix C...
Appendix D ..
Environmental Impact Evaluation Criteria

Certification and Verification Programs
Sources of Environmental Evaluation Criteria
Application of Environmental Evaluation Criteria to the National
Master Specification
Appendix E ... Sample Weighting Factors
Appendix F Selected Case Studies
Appendix G .. Greened National Master Specification Sections
Appendix H .. References
Appendix I .... Sources
5
6
6
7
NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND RENOVATIONS
ACRONYMS
AIA
American Institute of Architects
ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers

ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BEPAC
Building Environmental Performance Assessment Criteria
CITIES
Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species
CRD
Construction, Renovation and Demolition
CADDET Centre for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy Technologies
CEIS
Canadian Environmental Industry Strategy
CEMET
Canadian Energy Management and Environmental Training Program
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbon
CMHC
Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation
CSA
Canadian Standards Association
EAEB
Efficiency and Alternative Energy Branch
EAP
Environmental Accountability Program
EC
Environment Canada
ECP
Environmental Choice Program
EPS
Expanded Polystyrene
ESCo
Energy Service Company
FBI
Federal Buildings Initiative
HCFC
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HFC
Hydrofluorocarbons
PAGE

HVAC
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
IAQ
Indoor Air Quality
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
LCA
Life-Cycle Assessment
LCS
Life-Cycle Stage
MDF
Medium-Density Fibreboard
NBC
National Building Code
NMS
National Master Specification
NMSS
National Master Specification Secretariat
NRC
National Research Council
NRCan
Natural Resources Canada
ODS
Ozone-Depleting Substance
OFES
Office of Federal Environmental Stewardship
ORC
Ontario Reality Corporation
PCB
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PET
Polyethylene Terephthalate
PWGSC
Public Works and Government Services Canada
RPS
Real Property Services (of PWGSC)
SCS
Scientific Certification Systems
SDS
Sustainable Development Strategy
VOC
Volatile Organic Compound
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
PAGE
ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Canadian Federal Government has continued to build upon the Green Plan, first
introduced in 1990, and the Federal Environmental Stewardship initiative introduced in
1992. In April 1995, the Federal Government of Canada adopted a comprehensive
approach to the greening of government operations based on the principles of
sustainable development. Sustainable development has been defined as development that
allows the needs of the present to be met without compromising the ability of future
1
generations to meet their own needs . Environmental protection based on sustainable
development principles requires the balancing of social, aesthetic, economic, and
dependability considerations in partnership with environmental concerns in all decisionmaking processes. The federal sustainable development policy is outlined in the 1995
Environment Canada publication A Guide to Green Government.
In addition, amendments to the Auditor General Act in December 1995 (Bill C-83)
established the requirement for all federal government departments to develop and table
in Parliament a sustainable development strategy (SDS) by December 1997. These
strategies defined each departments goals and action plans for integrating sustainable
development into their polices, programs and operations. Furthermore, the office of the
Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development was created under the
Auditor General to monitor the environmental performance of all federal departments.
The Commission will evaluate the performance of each department against its approved
sustainable development strategy and will report the results to Parliament. The
requirements of an SDS are provided in the 1995 Environment Canada publication
Directions on Greening Government.
The federal agenda focuses on improved productivity as a significant factor in sustainable
economic growth. A key dimension of productivity is environmental efficiency, or
producing more with less resource input and less waste, and preventing costly
environmental damage. An environmentally efficient approach will encourage innovation
and improve competitiveness. Environmental protection enhancements, such as space
optimization, waste minimization, material reuse and recycling, and energy and water
conservation, can yield significant financial savings while reducing stresses on the
environment.
The Bruntland Report was developed by the World Commission on Environment and Development. It
was completed in 1991 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Program.
PAGE 1

Facilities planning, design, construction, renovation, repair, operation and maintenance,

or facilities life-cycle management, constitutes a significant sector of government activity.
Such activities are, by their nature, intrusive to the environment. The decisions made in
the construction, renovation and management of a facility over its lifetime can generate
significant cumulative impacts on the environment. A key element of the sustainable
development initiative is the incorporation into government operations of best practices
that improve environmental performance in procurement, construction, and the operation
of public buildings, facilities and infrastructure.
Designers and specifiers have a substantial opportunity to improve the environmental
performance of facility life-cycle management through the development of
environmentally improved specifications for construction, renovation and demolition
(CRD) projects. The adoption of green specifications for projects constitutes an important
best practices element in a sustainable development action plan. Project specifications
that reduce waste, conserve energy and water, eliminate or reduce hazardous substances,
improve indoor air quality and promote the procurement of environmentally responsible
products constitute a significant step towards sustainable development. The challenge
rests with the designer and specification writer to make well-balanced decisions
integrating all factors and applying sound technology and analysis.
2.0 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDELINE

This guideline has been prepared for designers and specifiers involved in CRD projects
for the Federal Government of Canada. The purpose of this guideline is to assist project
practitioners in developing environmentally enhanced or green specifications for
construction, renovation, repair and refit projects, including associated demolition work.
Particular emphasis is placed on the greening of the National Master Specification (NMS)
as a primary instrument for communicating environmental responsibility in CRD projects.
Property managers interested in improving the environmental performance profile of their
facilities may also find this guideline a useful reference tool.
3.0 SCOPE
This guideline outlines a basic thought process and approach that can be applied in the
production of green project specifications based on the NMS. Decision-making tools are
provided to guide and aid the process. First, environmental design considerations are
briefly discussed and references and sources provided where more detailed information
may be found. Second, a comprehensive set of criteria has been established by which a
practitioner can judge the environmental attributes of a product, material, equipment,
practice or installation method against specific project requirements.
PAGE 2

The criteria are organized into a matrix, which applies them to various sections of the
NMS and identifies where opportunities exist to enhance the NMS on an environmental
basis. Finally, examples of greened master specifications and case studies are provided in
supporting appendices.
This guideline is not intended to be an exhaustive textbook on CRD specifications, but
rather a basic guide for environmentally responsible specifications. Additional
information can be obtained by consulting the references and from the sources listed in
the appendices. In particular, the following key references should be consulted when
planning a renovation project:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Green Renovation Guide; Environment Canada, and Public Works and

Government Services Canada, Draft Version 1996.
Evaluation Framework for the Identification of Green Building Materials;
Environment Canada, and Public Works and Government Services Canada,
February 1996.
The Environmentally Responsible Construction and Renovations Handbook;
Environment Canada, and Public Works and Government Services Canada,
1999.
An Architects Guide for Sustainable Design of Office Buildings; The
Environmental Research Group, School of Architecture, University of British
Columbia, and Public Works and Government Services Canada, March 1996.
Building Renewal Evaluation Guide; Real Property Services, Public Works
nd
and Government Services Canada, 2 Draft Version, October 1995.
Real Property Services CRD Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Management
nd
Protocol; Public Works and Government Services, 2 Draft Version 1999.
The Green Renovation Guide is available on the Internet from the Buy Green home page,
address: www.buygreen.com.
Opportunities for minimizing environmental impacts have been based on the best
information available at the time of writing. An important element of successful
sustainable development is continuous learning, development and improvement. This
guideline has been structured to readily add new greened specifications and to permit
revisions to Appendix D as additional experience and knowledge are gained.
4.0 DESIGNING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

Quite often, building design is based on a balanced, comprehensive consideration of all
factors arising from the intended use of the proposed facility and its proposed location.
Traditionally, these concerns have related to health and safety, regulatory requirements,
cost, performance and aesthetics. Too often, short-term investment costs have influenced
decisions more than long-term operation and maintenance costs have. Sustainable
development requires that environmental impacts be considered and integrated into the
PAGE 3

initial design and specification development process. To provide a balanced,

comprehensive design, environmental considerations must take into account the
requirements of the project in terms of intended use, design life, location, regulatory
requirements, and social and economic restrictions, as well as life-cycle impacts on
ecosystems.
5.0 CORE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

The CSA standard Z762-95, Design for the Environment, provides a basic framework for
environmentally improved building design. Design for the Environment considers the
following core principles in conjunction with traditional building design criteria taken
over the life of a proposed facility:
Depletable Material Resources: Reduce the use of depletable and non-renewable

resources.
Conservation: Reduce the use of energy and water.
Global Concerns: Avoid the use of products or processes that contribute to ozone
layer depletion, acid rain, climate change and global warming.
Hazardous Materials: Eliminate or reduce the use of hazardous materials and/or

processes that present a potential risk to human and/or ecosystem health.
Local Concerns: Eliminate or reduce the use of products that are known to
compromise local ecologies, including human well being and quality of life.
The preparation of designs and specifications for green CRD projects using a sustainable
development approach requires the integration of these core environmental principles into
traditional design criteria. The application of a comprehensive life-cycle evaluation
methodology that uses the best technology available is required to achieve an optimum,
sustainable solution. The application of these principles to the planning, design and
implementation of CRD projects supports sustainable development.
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION CRITERIA

The environmental evaluation criteria used in this guideline are based on the Design for
the Environment principles discussed above. To be comprehensive, evaluation of
environmental performance should take into account the full life-cycle of the product
under evaluation. All the environmental impacts associated with the product, from the
raw material acquisition stage through manufacture, transportation, utilization to final
disposal, should be considered. The life-cycle evaluation framework adopted for this
guideline is taken from CSA Z760-94, Life-Cycle Assessment. This recognized standard
identifies and describes four basic life-cycle stages for consideration in evaluating the
total environmental impact of an item:
PAGE 4

1.
2.
3.
4.
Raw Material Acquisition;

Manufacturing;
Use/Reuse/Maintenance; and
Final Disposal (Waste Management).
Life-cycle evaluation relationships, in terms of the inputs, outputs and resulting

environmental impacts reflecting the Design for the Environment principles, are
illustrated in Figure 1. Core principles apply to each of these life-cycle stages to differing
degrees, depending on the product or process being considered. Facility construction,
renovation, operation, maintenance and repair fall under Stage 3, as this stage primarily
involves the application of manufactured materials or equipment.
FIGURE 1: PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE EVALUATION
Inputs
Outputs
Raw Materials
Recycled Content
Component Reuse
Energy
Water
Land Usage
Positive
Useful Products
Co-Products
Negative
Emissions
Effluents
Toxic Waste
Non-toxic Waste
Solid Waste
Noise
Vibration
Radiation
Other Releases
Life-cycle Stages
Raw Materials
Acquisition
Manufacturing
Use/Reuse/
Maintenance
Final Disposition
Impact Assessment
Resource Depletion,
Human Health Effects
Ecological Impacts
Energy and Water Usage
Reference: CSA Z762-95 and CSA Z760-94
PAGE 5

The relationship between product life-cycle and the design improvement process is
depicted in Figure 2. This figure illustrates how environmental augmentations can be
incorporated into designs and supporting project specifications through the life-cycle
assessment of projected inputs and outputs.
FIGURE 2: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE
PROCESS
Standards and Guidelines
DESIGN
PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE
PRODUCT DESIGN
Product Concept
Requirements
and
Specifications
AND THE
Improvement
Strategy
(Environmental
Enhancements)
(Table 1)
Inputs
Raw Materials
Recycled Materials
Energy
Water
Land Use
Life Cycle Stages

(Table 2)
Outputs
Positive:
Useful Products
Emissions
Effluents
Wastes
Noise
Vibration
Co-products
Negative:
Environmental Impact Assessment
Table 1 identifies the environmental measures that should be considered when evaluating
an input or decision associated with CRD activities. These measures have been applied
within the four life-cycle stages.
TABLE 1: STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ENHANCED DESIGN
Life-Cycle Stage
Stage 1
Raw Material Acquisition
Stage 2
Manufacturing
Stage 3
Use/Reuse/Maintenance
Stage 4
Final Disposition
(Waste Management)
Environmentally Enhanced Design Measures

Material reduction
Material substitution
Pollution prevention
Improved design
Process efficiencies
Process controls
Adaptability
Durability
Maintainability
Reliability
Reformulation
Transportation
Remanufacture
Material reduction
Material reuse
Material recycling
Operating efficiency
Refurbishment
Reuse
Recycling
Recyclability
Degradability
Landfill recovery
PAGE 6

Design for the Environment measures that should be considered in evaluating an input to
facility CRD are listed in Table 1 for each of the life-cycle stages.
Different criteria are associated with each stage of a project. These specific environmental
impact evaluation criteria are outlined in Table 2, and have been applied within the four
life-cycle stages. Both quantifiable and non-quantifiable criteria have been identified.
Quantifiable criteria are those for which a definitive certification, test, or means of
measurement has been established. Although definitive means may not yet be available to
measure non-quantifiable criteria, they can be qualitatively applied in specification
development.
TABLE 2: EVALUATION CRITERIA WITHIN PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE STAGES
Evaluation Criteria
Life-Cycle Stage
(See Appendix A for Definitions)

Non-quantifiable criteria are shown in italics
Stage 1
Raw Material Acquisition
Renewable resource
Recycled content
Remanufactured
Stage 2
Manufacturing
Reduced toxicity
Reduced ozone depletion
Stage 3
Use/Reuse/Maintenance
(Construction and
Renovations;
Operation, Maintenance
and Repair)
Stage 4
Final Disposition
(Waste Management)
Recyclable
Degradable
Energy efficiency
Energy savings
Lowered water consumption
Reduced ozone depletion
Lowered VOC emissions
Reduced formaldehyde
Anti-microbial treatments
Embodied energy
Resource utilization
Atmospheric impact
Waste generation
Embodied energy
Atmospheric impact
Waste generation
Reusable
Rebuildable
Refurbishable
Durability
Responsible procedures
Atmospheric impact
Water conservation
Energy conservation
Embodied energy
Waste generation
Responsible procedures
Waste source reduction
Reference: CSA Z760-94, CSA Z762-95 and the Evaluation Framework for the Identification of Green Building
Materials; February 1996.
Life-cycle stages are not necessarily independent. The choices made in one life-cycle
stage can have an effect on the other stages. For example, a decision influencing product
durability made for a materials manufacturing process can affect the environmental
impacts of raw materials acquisition as well as the environmental impacts of product use,
maintenance, and frequency of replacement.
PAGE 7

The criteria used in this guide have been divided into qualitative and quantitative
groupings. Qualitative criteria are those for which a mechanism of measurement has been
developed. Quantitative criteria do not presently have a recognized means of
measurement. The definition adopted for each of the quantifiable criteria is presented in
Appendix A. A more detailed discussion can be found in CSA Z760. A previous study,
Evaluation Framework for the Identification of Green Building Materials, published in
February 1996, provides further background for the development of this decision-making
process for environmentally responsible specifications.
A process has been computerized for identifying opportunities for environmentally
responsible material selection developed under this study. This software application,
entitled the Green Building Materials Criteria Generator, is available on the Internet from
the Buy Green home page (www.buygreen.com). Included in this application is a process
for obtaining environmental information on products with respect to criteria from
manufacturers and suppliers.
7.0 CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS

A number of recognized certification programs exist that provide independent verification
of the environmental performance and claims of products made by manufacturers.
Certification provides a means of confidently making a selection to satisfy a given set of
environmental criteria. A description of these programs, including the criteria they apply,
can be found in Appendix B. Appendix C provides a description of principal sources of
evaluation criteria and processes as well as information to support option comparisons.
8.0 GREEN SPECIFICATIONS

The opportunities to draft environmentally responsible construction specifications, or
green specifications, occur in three primary areas:
1. CRD waste reduction;
2. material and equipment selection and procurement; and
3. installation or application methods selection.
The environmental evaluation criteria identified in Table 2 and further detailed in
Appendix A should be considered when making choices in each application area. In
summary, preparation of environmental enhancement of CRD specifications must
consider the conservation of energy, water and natural resources, and the reduction of
environmental impacts. These considerations should include an evaluation and
comparison of the total life-cycle impacts of the choices available. These considerations
must be made on a project specific basis.
PAGE 8

9.0 WASTE REDUCTION

Waste reduction is achieved through:
a reduction in the amount of CRD waste generated; and
diversion of the waste materials, building components and equipment away from
landfill for reuse or recycling.
The application of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) in the planning, design and
implementation stages of CRD projects will not only alleviate the pressure on landfill and
reduce the risk of pollution, but often can result in real cost savings. Revenues can be
generated from the sale of reusable materials and equipment and recyclable materials, and
savings can be achieved through reduced waste hauling and disposal fees.
To optimize the environmental benefit of a project, priority should be given to reduction
in the overall amount of waste produced. Reuse of materials, components and equipment
generated from demolition is preferred over recycling, as the overall environmental
impacts of reuse are much less. If reuse is not practical, recycling should be maximized to
divert as much material as possible from landfill for use as feedstock in the manufacture
of new products.
The province of Ontario adopted the 3Rs Regulations in 1994, requiring the development
2
and implementation of waste reuse and recycling plans for CRD projects over 2,000 m .
The Federal Government of Canada respects these regulations as an example of best
practices, and has adopted these practices as part of its project delivery system. These
regulations require material separation and maximization of reuse and recycling options.
Reduction of the waste generated by demolition can be achieved through careful planning
and delineation of the extent of required demolition. The sequence to be followed and the
methods to be used for deconstruction must be carefully specified. Deconstruction
workers must be well instructed as to the expectations for material recovery and the
processes to be followed. Carefully planned and executed material site separation,
segregated storage and protection are essential to maximizing potential savings.
The Green Renovations Guide and the RPS CRD Non-Hazardous Solid Waste
Management Protocol outline the basic steps that should be followed to manage
demolition waste in an environmentally responsible manner. The Green Renovations
Guide includes a waste managers action plan, which provides a description of the tools
available. Several worksheets are provided to aid planning. The Green Renovations Guide
also lists potential uses of CRD waste as well as examples of options and potential
savings that are achievable through the application of the 3Rs.
PAGE 9

10.0 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION

Selection of materials and equipment provides an excellent opportunity to reduce the
environmental impacts of a construction or renovation project; not only with regard to the
implementation of the project itself, but also over the service life of the facility and the
installed equipment. Environmentally responsible materials and equipment selection
involves a combination of efforts to reduce overall life-cycle environmental impacts, plus
initiatives to conserve energy, water and natural resources.
The environmentally responsible selection of materials and equipment requires a
comprehensive consideration and balancing of all factors affecting the design and
implementation of the project. Besides the Design for the Environment principles and
criteria, these factors include financial limitations, project timelines, infrastructure
restrictions, location considerations, occupant programs and practices, and regulatory
requirements.
A building is essentially a set of interdependent components and systems. There is a
synergy among these, such that changes in one area influence the effectiveness and
efficiency of the others. For example, increased natural lighting reduces the energy
demand for artificial lighting. However, increased glazed exterior surfaces can increase
heating and cooling demands. Another example is the use of energy-efficient lighting,
which reduces heat gain and thus affects heating and cooling requirements. A
comprehensive integrated design approach can take advantage of synergistic
relationships. Such interrelationships can often enhance the environmental as well as the
economic performance of a facility.
It should also be noted that, although energy-efficient equipment and systems may be
provided, the ultimate success of energy conservation initiatives depends on their
effective and regular use and the conservation habits of the facility users. The
effectiveness of low-water-consumption fixtures and systems will be similarly affected.
Care must be taken when using low flow fixtures in a renovation application to ensure
that adequate flow rates still exist after renovation. Low flow rates can cause harmful
microbial buildup on both the supply and drainage sides of the plumbing system. The
regular inspection and routine maintenance of installed equipment will also significantly
affect performance.
The Green Renovations Guide provides guidelines for integrating energy and water
efficiency measures into renovations projects. This document also provides data and
guidance for the selection of materials with reduced environmental impacts using
evaluation criteria similar to those discussed in this guideline.
PAGE 10

11.0 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION METHODS

Application and installation methods used in CRD projects should be chosen with careful
consideration for waste reduction, energy and water conservation, and environmental
impacts. CRD methods can be dictated by site conditions and regulatory requirements,
such as building codes. The choice of application methods can often be influenced by
material selection. The risk of polluting emissions, unacceptable noise and vibration
levels, and potential damage to the local ecosystem must be evaluated and mitigation
measures established.
12.0 CASE STUDIES

A set of case studies illustrating the application of environmentally responsible choices in
planning, design and specification development are presented in Appendix D. The
presentation identifies the environmental impact evaluation criteria applied and the results
achieved. Although these case studies profile the material selections that were made at
each of these sites, it should be noted that there could be specific site variables that
should be considered when making material selections.
To aid in the decision-making process, a sample weighting factor sheet has been
included in Appendix E. The result of any assessment is only as good as the information
known to the user. Once all of the information on the products being considered has been
collected, the final decision can still be difficult. For example, choosing between
renewable wood or recycled steel framing can be a difficult task. The judgment will rest
with the profile for the project and with the design team. A method of weighting the
criteria becomes an important tool in any assessment process.
13.0 THE NATIONAL MASTER SPECIFICATION

The NMS is a set of over 50 master generic guideline specification sections developed
through a consensus process. Available in both English and French, the NMS provides an
effective means of developing project-specific specifications for construction, renovation,
demolition, repair and replacement. It is a well-proven means of communicating project
requirements in terms of equipment and material selection, application and installation
methods, specifications, and resultant facility performance requirements.
Over 2,000 references are made to established codes and standards. The NMS is therefore
an ideal instrument for supporting sustainable development by providing a means for
introducing environmental considerations into project implementation. Sample copies of
greened NMS sections illustrating the application of environmentally responsible choices
in specification development can be found in Appendix F.
PAGE 11

14.0 APPLICATION MATRIX

The matrix presented in Appendix D identifies, by NMS division and section number,
where opportunities for environmental enhancements are applicable in terms of the
quantifiable evaluation criteria identified. The criteria have been applied over the lifecycle of the item considered. This matrix also indicates if a suggested environmentally
responsible specification has been developed and included in Appendix G. As experience
and knowledge increase, and as additional work is done to develop environmentally
responsible specification, the application matrix can be updated and additional case
studies and environmentally responsible specifications added to the supporting
appendices.
PAGE 12
APPENDIX A
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
EVALUATION CRITERIA

(APPENDIX A)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION CRITERIA

QUANTIFIABLE CRITERIA
Criteria are considered quantifiable when a framework has been developed that allows for
testing and/or the compilation of data that provides a measure of environmental impact. The
measure may be by extent, volume, weight or portion as established through definitive
verification and certification-testing processes. These criteria are applied in the context of
the four life-cycle stages (LCS) of a product or material. (See Table 2)
LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 1 RAW MATERIALS ACQUISITION

RENEWABLE
Products that have been constructed with resources verified

through an established certification program, which ensures that
the raw materials have been harvested under controlled
conditions that provide for resource regeneration.
RESOURCES
RECYCLED
Products that contain some materials composed of reprocessed

post-use materials reclaimed from either post-consumer waste
generated by commercial or household facilities, or industrial
waste that cannot be reused in the originating production
process.
CONTENT
REMANUFACTURED
Products that have been diverted from the waste stream,

disassembled and refabricated as a complete restoration or
upgraded to as new or better condition, for resale.
PAGE A1

(APPENDIX A)
STAGE 2 MANUFACTURING
REDUCED
Products that have been manufactured to reduce toxicity levels

complying with, or lower than, maximum levels that have been
established by a recognized certification program.
TOXICITY
REDUCED OZONE
DEPLETION
PART I
Products or equipment designed to operate without CFCs
or halogens.
PART II
Products that have been fabricated by processes in which the use
of ozone-depleting substances have been eliminated.
STAGE 3 USE/REUSE/MAINTENANCE
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Energy-consuming products or systems for which the appropriate

CSA or equivalent energy consumption test has been determined
to verify that energy-consumption levels meet or exceed criteria
standards established by a recognized environmental certification
program.
ENERGY
Non-energy-consuming products that are recognized by energy

utilities or a recognized certification program as being effectively
able to reduce energy use through their intended application.
SAVINGS
LOWERED WATER
Products for which the appropriate CSA water-consumption test

has determined that the flow rates of the product meet or exceed
criteria standards that have been established by either CSA or a
recognized certification program.
CONSUMPTION
PAGE A2

(APPENDIX A)
STAGE 3 USE/REUSE/MAINTENANCE (CONTINUED)

LOWERED VOC
EMISSIONS
REDUCED
FORMALDEHYDE
EMISSIONS
Products that have been tested by a regulated facility that is able

to verify that volatile organic compound emission rates meet
product guidelines established by a recognized environmental
certification program. Emission tests must be conducted at a
regulated facility and must provide the emission rate of the
product in an average deliverable state.
Products that have been designed in a manner that encapsulates

ureaformaldehyde emissions or products that have specifically
removed ureaformaldehyde from the fabrication process and
substitutes other lower-emission binding agents. Emission tests
must be conducted at a regulated facility and must provide the
emission rate of the product in an average deliverable state.
ANTI-MICROBIAL
Products that have been designed with attributes that retard or

deter the growth of microbial organism, using non-toxic methods.
Manufactures or suppliers must be able to provide documented
test results to substantiate claims.
TREATMENTS
REUSABLE
Products that can be directly reapplied for their original intended

purposes without refurbishing or rebuilding beyond normal
maintenance.
PAGE A3

(APPENDIX A)
REFURBISHABLE
Products that have been designed in a manner that will allow the
consumer to renew the aesthetic and functional attributes of the
product to conditions that are adequate for reapplication or
continued use.
REMANUFACTURED
Products that have been diverted from the waste stream,

disassembled and refabricated as a complete restoration, or
upgraded to as new or better condition, for resale.
PROCEDURES
Specified procedures and methods for construction, renovations

and/or demolitions that are recognized as providing reduced
environmental impact.
STAGE 4 RECYCLING AND WASTE REDUCTION

RECYCLABLE
Products can be considered recyclable only when appropriate

facilities exist. Wood, metal, paints, some glass and plastics are
generally recyclable. Recycling options for other products may be
regionally limited. In these instances manufacturers or local
authorities must be able to provide documentation of existing
local facilities.
PAGE A4

(APPENDIX A)
DEGRADABILITY
This criterion is applicable to products that have been

manufactured from materials that will break down for disposal
purposes under appropriate conditions. Manufacturers must be
able to provide documentation regarding suitable conditions and
length of time required for degradation.
Descriptions of certification programs are provided in Appendix B. Current criteria standards

and product guidelines for recognized environmental certification programs, such as
Environmental Choice, Green Cross, Scientific Certification Systems, and the Blue Angel
are available on the Internet at the sites listed in Appendix B. As previously stated, the Green
Building Materials Criteria Generator, a tool for applying environmental criteria to building
materials, is available on the Internet at the Buy Green home page at www.buygreen.com.
QUALITATIVE CRITERIA
Due to significant variability factors, a reliable standardized framework has not yet been
developed to allow for quantitative testing, data collection and adequate verification to
accurately evaluate some environmental criteria. Comprehensive baseline data are required
to satisfactorily apply these criteria. However, the following non-quantifiable criteria are
applicable to environmental evaluations in a qualitative manner.
RESOURCE UTILIZATION (LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 1)

For the purpose of this publication, resource utilization is applied as a qualitative criterion
to Product Life-Cycle Stage 1: Raw Material Acquisition. Products should be considered in
terms of their sustainable use of material, energy and water resources and the long-term
impacts of that use.
Of concern is the efficient use of non-renewable, unsustainable resources. The sustainability
of resource utilization cannot be specifically measured at this time. However, the CSA has
developed a standard on sustainable forest management that will provide practical guidance
in this area. The selection of products and materials that provide lower environmental
impacts contributes to overall sustainable development. A number of the specific quantifiable
criteria established in the previous section can be used to meet this challenge. In addition,
materials that are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
(CITES) should not be avoided.
PAGE A5

(APPENDIX A)
WASTE GENERATION (LIFE-CYCLE STAGES 1, 2 AND 3)

Waste for the purposes of this publication includes any output or effluent that is released into
air, water or land at any life-cycle stage. The construction, renovation and demolition of
buildings are significant waste generators. Product packaging is another significant source
of waste.
While waste from some products can be minimized through source reduction practices, other
waste generation during production processes can be less obvious. In many cases a waste
generated at the raw-material-acquisition and manufacturing levels is difficult to connect to
a product or material. Some producers, facility managers and contractors may be able to
verify reduced waste-generation levels, as evaluated against baseline data, through the
implementation of a waste-management system or program.
EMBODIED ENERGY (LIFE-CYCLE STAGES 1, 2 AND 3)

Operational energy is the amount of energy consumed by a product during its use. Embodied
energy is the total energy consumed throughout a products life-cycle. It is a total tabulation
of the energy used to extract or harvest raw materials, transport the materials to processing,
process the feedstock, package and ship, and finally install, use and maintain the product.
While figures have been compiled that estimate the embodied energy of some products,
variables in packaging, shipping and installation procedures make it difficult to calculate
exact site-specific data for products. However, this criterion can be applied in a qualitative
manner when comparing different products or material selections. Since variations in
location can have a significant effect on embodied energy, this criterion is not included in the
National Master Specification. Embodied energy may be included in project specifications
providing the project location is taken into consideration.
A project being developed by the ATHENA Sustainable Materials Institute, entitled
ATHENA, is developing a practical, easy-to-use decision support tool that will provide highquality environmental data and assist with the complex evaluations required to make
qualitative assessments pertaining to embodied energy. More information on the ATHENA
project can be obtained at: www.athenasmi.ca.
DURABILITY (LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 3)

Although durability is technically quantifiable, a mechanism for reliable quantitative analysis
is not yet available. Typical manufacturer warranties for durability are generally too vague
to be used as a baseline for the development of a criteria definition. However, this criterion
can be considered qualitatively during the assessment process.
PAGE A6

(APPENDIX A)
ENERGY CONSERVATION (LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 3)

Energy conservation is primarily the result of behavioural changes, rather than technological
intervention. For the purposes of this guideline, energy efficiency and energy savings are
used as quantifiable criteria for energy. Conservation practices have the same environmental
benefits as energy-efficiency and energy-savings applications. However, the success of the
measures taken is dependent upon successful program implementation and regular effective
use. To accurately measure achievement, baseline data are required. While building
automation can provide a degree of control that is measurable, human imperfection makes
energy conservation, as a criterion, difficult to quantify for design and specification purposes.
WATER CONSERVATION (LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 3)

Similar to energy conservation, water conservation is highly dependent on human behaviour.
Water-efficient fixtures and systems can be proved to aid in reducing water consumption,
however the overall effectiveness of water conservation programs depends on the combined
impacts of individual actions and the effective use and maintenance of the equipment. To
accurately measure the success of water-conservation programs, comprehensive baseline data
must first be established.
WASTE-SOURCE REDUCTION (LIFE-CYCLE STAGE 4)

Potentially, waste-source reduction provides many environmental benefits through reduced
resource usage, energy demands, water consumption, and landfill requirements. It is the
decrease of waste at or near the original production site by waste-reduction measures, reuse
and recycling. As assessment of this criterion requires analysis of manufacturing processes,
it is difficult to quantify. The primary means of assessment is the analysis of waste
generation during the manufacturing process, and unless data have been compiled prior to
the development of a plant-source-reduction program, figures are not normally available.
PAGE A7
APPENDIX B
CERTIFICATION AND VERIFICATION
PROGRAMS

(APPENDIX B)
The Environmental ChoiceM Program

Country of Origin: Canada
Mailing Address: TerraChoice Environmental Services Inc.,
2197 Riverside Drive, Suite 300, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 7X3
Telephone: 613-247-1900
Facsimile: 613-247-2228
Website: www.environmentalchoice.com
Program Emblem: EcoLogo
The Environmental Choice Program (ECP) is Canadas most prominent eco-labelling
program. The program was moved into the private sector in 1995, however Environment
Canada has retained ownership of the Environmental Choice Program and the
EcoLogoTM. TerraChoice Environmental Services is financially and operationally
responsible for the program. Environment Canada continues to provide policy direction
and is ultimately accountable for Canadian eco-labelling activities.
The EcoLogo is the programs symbol of certification. This symbol features three
stylized doves intertwined to form a maple leaf, representing consumers, industry and
government working together to improve Canadas environment. To date, over 1,500
products from some 115 companies bear the Ecologo. A company wishing to obtain
certification for its products must submit thorough documentation about the company,
proof of environmental claims for its product(s), and other information relating to
industry standards.
The Environmental Choice Program awards the EcoLogo to products and services that
meet four major focus areas life-cycle impacts; company compliance with relevant
health, safety and environmental laws; minimization of packaging; and performance
requirements. To obtain the EcoLogo, a product or service must be made or offered in
a way that either:
improves energy efficiency;

reduces hazardous or toxic by-products;
uses recycled materials;
is reusable; or
provides other environmental benefits.
In addition, certified products or services must meet or exceed any applicable industryspecific safety and performance standards.
PAGE B1

(APPENDIX B)
Companies from any country are eligible for certification. Certification criteria for
technical guidelines are developed with the assistance of a guideline review committee.
The committee ensures that all pertinent technical issues are addressed, including the
scientific validity of the guidelines.
Within each product group, technical and economic considerations are also reviewed.
Draft guidelines are subjected to a public review period. There are currently 31
Environmental Choice guidelines under which products can be certified. These
guidelines are reviewed every three years. If guidelines for a product category are
upgraded, holders of existing certified products must comply with these adjustments
within a specified time period.
PAGE B2

(APPENDIX B)
Blue Angel Program

Country of Origin: Germany
Mailing Address: RAL Deutsches Institut fr
Gtesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V., Siegburger
Str. 39, 53757 Sankt Augustin. Berlin, Germany
Telephone: 011-49-30-231-45703
Facsimile: 011-49-30-89 03 2285
Website: www.blauer-engel.de/Englisch
Program Emblem: Umweltzeichen
The German environmental label was first introduced in 1978 and continues to evolve.
It has become a successful instrument in product-related environmental protection. A
survey commissioned in 1998 by the Federal Environmental Agency found that 50 per
cent of the population in the former West Germany and 33 percent in the former East
Germany look for the Blue Angel when choosing environmentally friendly products.
The criteria for awarding the eco-label have become more and more demanding while,
at the same time, more and more product groups have been included. There are now
4,304 products from 919 manufacturers in 77 different product groups carrying the ecolabel. Comparing it with eco-labels in other countries, the relatively high proportion of
foreign awardees is particularly striking. In 1997, eco-labels were awarded for the first
time to firms from the USA, South Korea and the Czech Republic.
The Blue Angel program criteria guidelines are comprehensive, and examine products
under the following areas:
noise reduction;
lower emission rates;
reduced waste generation;
the use of non-hazardous materials; and
recycled content and recyclability.
Companies are invited to submit proposals and products to the Blue Angel program for
assessment by its review committee. This committee is made up of representatives from
consumer organizations, various technical experts and members of the industrial
community. As a group, it determines what criteria a product must meet before it can
be awarded the Umweltzeichen Seal.
PAGE B3

(APPENDIX B)
When the review committee grants the Umweltzeichen Seal, it has verified all of the
environmental claims made by the applicant, as well as ensured that the product has
been manufactured both to industry safety and environmental standards.
When a manufacturer submits a new product similar to another product that is already
licensed, it is incumbent upon this manufacturer to ensure that its product meets the
established standards. The review committee meets twice a year to review new
applications.
PAGE B4

(APPENDIX B)
The Power Smart Program

Mailing Address: 520-475 West Georgia Street,
Vancouver, BC V6B 4M9
Telephone: 604-431-9463
Facsimile: 604-528-2297
Website: www.bchydro.bc.ca/mcs/powersmart/
Program Emblem: Power Smart Seal of Efficiency and the Power Smart Saves
Power Smart Inc. is a worldwide consortium of power utilities, governments,
manufacturers and retailers jointly promoting the economical use of energy. Power
Smart is a sophisticated and multi-faceted marketing program that encourages the public
to use energy wisely and to buy energy-efficient products. The program is administered
by B.C. Hydro.
Products bearing the Power Smart label are among the most energy efficient of their
kind on the market. Manufacturers must meet BC Hydros stringent standards before
earning the privilege of using the Power Smart label. Energy-efficient products that meet
the standards are licensed to either carry the Power Smart Seal of Energy Efficiency or
the Power Smart Saves seal. In the province of Quebec, the program is known as
conergique.
The Power Smart Seal of Energy Efficiency is licensed for use on products that consume
electricity. The Power Smart Saves Seal is licensed for use on non-electrical products
that save energy through their application.
A product is certified by a classification system identifying how it reduces energy
consumption or energy loss. Power Smart is not a testing or standards laboratory. Power
Smart compiles the criteria of the North American Product Guide in accordance with
standards organizations, energy-related legislation, manufacturers and Power Smart
members.
Areas of classification include:
energy savings-products that contribute to the efficient use of energy, such as

thermal insulation; and
energy efficiency-products that are more efficient than other products in the same
class.
PAGE B5

(APPENDIX B)
Within each classification consideration is given to the method of conservation,

performance rating, power-quality characteristics, safety standards, reliability and
environmental stewardship.
Membership in Power Smart Inc. requires a financial investment. The licenses are not
issued to companies, but to products or product lines. Manufacturers are able to apply
the program logos to approved energy-efficient products.
PAGE B6

(APPENDIX B)
The Green Seal of Approval

Country of Origin: United States of America
Mailing Address: 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 827,
Washington, DC 20036-5525
Telephone: 202-872-6400
Facsimile: 202-872-4324
Website: www.greenseal.org
Program Emblem: Green Seal
The Green Seal of Approval was established in 1990. It is an independent, non-profit
organization dedicated to protecting the environment by promoting the manufacture and
sale of environmentally responsible consumer products. It sets environmental standards
and awards a Green Seal of Approval to products that cause less harm to the
environment than other similar products.
There are currently 234 products certified by the Green Seal and nearly 100 companies
in partnership with the Green Procurement Program. Certification verifies that a product
has met strict standards with regard to environmental impact, performance and
packaging. In turn, products bearing the Green Seal are deemed to cause significantly
less harm to the environment than those manufactured without these goals in mind.
The Green Seal program has developed standards for individual product categories. The
main thrust in applying these standards is to:
reduce water and air pollution;

reduce the waste of energy and natural resources;
slow ozone depletion and the risk of global warming;
prevent toxic contamination; and
protect fish and wildlife and their habitats.
In developing a product standard, the manufacturing processes for the particular product
are studied to determine their environmental impacts. Once the study has been
completed, a proposed standard is drafted for public review and comment. When the
final standard has been written, manufacturers are invited to test their products against
its criteria. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. does product testing. Third party participation
assures the credibility of the program.
PAGE B7

(APPENDIX B)
Once tested, manufacturers pay a product evaluation fee to use the Green Seal
certification mark and an annual monitoring fee to verify a products continued
acceptability. The fees charged vary, depending on the product.
Standards for each category are reviewed at least once every three years. These periodic
reviews ensure that the criteria keep pace with new technologies, environmental issues
and consumer demand.
PAGE B8

(APPENDIX B)
Scientific Certification Systems

Mailing Address: 1939 Harrison St. Suite 400,
Oakland, CA 94612
Telephone: 510-832-1415
Facsimile: 510-832-0359
Website: www.scs1.com
Program Emblem: Various labels, depending on claims. All labels incorporate a
green cross.
Scientific Certification Systems (SCS) was established in 1984 as the nations first thirdparty certifier for testing pesticide residues in fresh produce. In the past 15 years, the
company has evolved to become a certifier of multiple facets of the food industry and
environmentally sound management of forests, marine habitats and a wide variety of
businesses, to encourage both the private and public sectors to move toward
environmentally sustainable policy planning, product design, management and
production.
The companys environmental section certifies environmental claims made by
manufacturers regarding qualities such as biodegradability, recycled content, water
efficiency and no smog-producing ingredients. The organization also conducts life-cycle
assessments of companies use of natural resource, and develops environmental
workplace analyses.
SCS is one of the most comprehensive organizations reviewing and certifying
environmental claims of achievement. SCS programs are consistent with international
labeling guidelines emerging out of multi-country negotiations under the auspices of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In 1990, SCS launched the
Environmental Claims Certification Program to identify manufacturers efforts to
improve the environmental performance of their products and production systems. There
are three levels of certification:
Level 1: Compliance evaluation documents must ensure compliance with state and
federal green marketing guidelines, and are not optional. Compliance
evaluations are submitted for independent review. An evaluation report is
issued and placed on file for general circulation. Any change to the product
or its packaging requires an upgrade to the report. Products certified to this
level are not authorized to display a certification label.
PAGE B9

(APPENDIX B)
Level 2: Single Claims Certification is optional, and allows for single claim
certification, such as recycled content, biodegradability, and water or energy
efficiency. This is reflected in the certification label. Single Claims
Certification, independent on-site inspections and audits are conducted to
ensure that claims are verifiable and that products meet SCS standards.
Certification enables the product to display the SCS logo.
Level 3: Life-Cycle Assessment and Certified Eco-Profile Program is optional, and
provides a documented profile or Certified Eco-Profile of the environmental
impact of the product. Life-cycle assessment examines the cradle-to-grave
impacts of a product. The Life-cycle Assessment and Certified Eco-Profile
Program requires an in-depth audit of the product to provide an Eco-Profile.
Everything is examined, from raw material, to distribution, use and final
disposal, to provide a complete product profile.
Since its inception in 1991, the SCS Forest Conservation Program (FCP) has certified
more than 3.8 million acres of prime forestland in the United States through the Forest
Management Certification Program. In addition, SCS has certified more than 4.1 million
acres of forests throughout the world.
Under the SCS Forest Conservation Program, the organization audits the practices of
forest managers and certifies them under Forest Stewardship Council FSC standards and
principles as well managed. SCS is accredited by the FSC, an international body that
evaluates, accredits and monitors independent forest product certifiers. The forestry
program also includes FSC chain-of-custody certification for companies that make wood
products from certified forests. In its Chain of Custody Program, SCS has audited and
certified over 120 manufacturers, distributors and retailers who make or carry certified
wood products.
PAGE B10

(APPENDIX B)
The EnerGuide Program

Mailing Address: Natural Resources Canada,
580 Booth Street, 20th floor, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4
Telephone: 613-992-3900
Facsimile: 613-947-0373
Website: www.energuide.nrcan.gc.ca
Program Emblem: The Energuide Label
The EnerGuide label is a tool to aid consumers in making an energy-wise choice when
buying new appliances or mechanical equipment. It shows how much energy
appliances/equipment consume in a year of normal service and makes it easy to compare
the energy efficiency of each model to others of the same size and class.
Major electrical appliances, equipment and room air-conditioners sold in Canada must
meet minimum energy-efficiency standards and are required to display an EnerGuide
label. Information on the EnerGuide label is the result of extensive testing based on
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) test procedures. The EnerGuide energy
consumption rating is an average measure of how much energy individual appliances
typically consume when used at different temperature and/or speed settings.
There are two types of EnerGuide labels:
1. EnerGuide ratings for major appliances range from the most energy-efficient
(appliances with the lowest energy consumption) to the least energy-efficient
(appliances with the highest energy consumption) in a given size and type
category. For major appliances, an indicator arrow on the left side of the
EnerGuide scale means lower operating costs and long-term savings; and
2. EnerGuide ratings for room air conditioners are based on the annual Energy
Efficiency Ratio (EER) rather than total annual energy consumption. The higher
the ratio, the more energy-efficient the air conditioner. Models with high EERs
are identified with indicator arrows to the right on the EnerGuide scale.
PAGE B11

(APPENDIX B)
It is common practice to compare prices when purchasing new appliances or equipment.

The purchase price is just the initial cost, as the total cost of any appliance is the
purchase price plus the operating cost over the long term. In fact, it can cost more to
operate an appliance for 15 or 20 years than it did to purchase it. The EnerGuide
program has been designed to allow procurement personnel to compare the true cost of
appliances and equipment.
PAGE B12

(APPENDIX B)
The Energy Star Label

Mailing Address: ICF Incorporated 1850 K. St., 10th Fl.
Washington, DC 20006
Telephone: 202-862-1153
Facsimile: 202-862-1144
Website: www.epa.gov/energystar.html
Program Emblem: The Energy Star logo
The Energy Star Labelling Program is one of several programs within the Energy Star
umbrella of programs, which include: the Energy Star New Homes Program, the Energy
Star Buildings Program and the Energy Star Small Business Program. Products and
services that are certified by any of the Energy Star programs are assessed on their
energy efficiency. The overall goal of the Energy Star programs is to reduce air pollution
from the burning of fossil fuels by promoting the development and use of energyefficient products.
Energy Star partners are manufactures, private-sector industries, government, and
public- and private-sector organizations. The partners volunteer to join one or more of
the Energy Star programs and pledge to either make or use products that are energy
efficient as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The
EPA and the Department of Energy develop the criteria for the program and then allow
manufactures and retailers to use the Energy Star logo on product and in advertising, if
they can show that they comply with the award criteria.
At present the program certifies:
office equipment;
residential light fixtures;
exit signs;
transformers;
residential heating and cooling equipment;
insulation; and
major household appliances.
PAGE B13

(APPENDIX B)
The SmartWood Program

Mailing Address: Goodwin-Baker Building,
61 Millet St. Richmond, VT 05477 USA
Telephone: 802-434-5491
Facsimile: 802-434-3116
Website: www.SmartWood.org
Program Emblem: The SmartWood logo
Initiated in 1989, SmartWood was the first forest-management certification program of
its kind, operating in all forest types on a worldwide basis. SmartWood is a program of
the Rainforest Alliance, an international non-profit environmental group based in New
York City. Though the program initially focussed on tropical forests, today SmartWood
works in all forest types worldwide. SmartWood is managed by a headquarters staff of
experienced forestry specialists based at Rainforest Alliance offices in New York and
Vermont, in collaboration with the growing number of cooperating non-profit
organizations in the SmartWood Network.
The purpose of SmartWood is to provide independent, objective evaluations of forest
management practices, forest products, timber sources and companies, enabling the
public to identify products and practices that do not destroy forests. Through
certification and use of the SmartWood label, the program provides a commercial
incentive for forest managers to adopt sustainable forestry practices. SmartWood
certifies forest products that come from sustainable or well-managed forests. Candidate
sources may include a natural forest, a plantation, a large commercial operation or a
small-scale community project. SmartWood also certifies companies that process,
manufacture or sell products made from certified wood, through chain-of-custody
certification.
The general aim of the program criteria is to ensure that forestry operators:
develop a formal plan to ensure good long-term forest management;

minimize the damage they do to the remaining forest during harvesting;
protect local biodiversity and watersheds;
prevent over-cutting of popular timber species;
develop positive relationships with local communities and workers; and
plant trees on degraded or cleared land.
PAGE B15

(APPENDIX B)
The program also targets downstream distributors of wood products to prove that all
wood and wood products sold under the logo are actually harvested from certified
sources. To be allowed to carry the SmartWood Seal, both forestry companies and
product distributors must prove on a annual basis that they continue to meet the relevant
standards.
PAGE B16

(APPENDIX B)
CSA Sustainable Forestry Certification

Mailing Address: 178 Rexdale Boulevard,
Toronto, ON M9W 1R3
Telephone: 416-747-4000
Facsimile: 416-747-4149
Website: www.csa-international.org
A significant number of companies in the forestry industry are moving towards

implementing management standards that may eventually be certified. A recent survey
by the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association found that 117 million hectares of forest
are under management standards, and approximately 60 per cent of the forestland
products are implementing management standards.
Canada is adopting a national standard for sustainable forestry management. The
standards adopted comply with the certification criteria for ISO 14000. In light of this,
Canada is now working with 20 other countries to help them develop sustainable
forestry management (SFM) strategies. Some of these countries are now in the process
of developing management strategies that can be certified by CSA. Other countries have
sought certification from the Forest Stewardship Council, a European based certification
program. The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers approved the newly developed CSA
SFM standards in 1995.
The council has added several additional requirements to the ISO platform. The added
requirements are:
public participation;
meeting the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers Sustainable Forest
Management criteria; and
a third party audit of on-the-ground performance.
Indicators must be developed for each of the 21 critical elements, in addition to the
complementary set of performance indicators that must be developed with public input.
PAGE B17
APPENDIX C
SOURCES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

(APPENDIX C)
Environmental by Design, Volume 1: Interiors

Date of Publication: 1992
Authors: Kim Leclair & David Rousseau
Publisher: Hartley & Marks Ltd., 3661 West Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6R 2B8
Telephone: 604-739-1771
The authors of this sourcebook were inspired by the frustration of knowing that there is much
more to consider when choosing interior finishing materials than cost and colour. In order
to facilitate these considerations they developed a comprehensive resource for making better
health and environmental choices. Their guide lists materials and finishes that have some
special environmental and health merit.
The products listed in this reference guide were examined via a manufacturers
questionnaire. The questionnaire examined all the impacts manufacturing processes have on
the environment and our health. Minimum compliance criteria were set for each relevant
stage of production. The products were given credit for the following criteria:
recycled content product contained at least 10 per cent post-consumer waste or

industrial scraps from outside the production process;
sustainably acquired or renewable resources components were harvested from
sources governed by strict harvesting controls and regeneration programs;
in-plant energy-efficiency and recycling facilities used state-of-the-art energy
efficient technology;
low-emission plant production was naturally low in emissions or facilities took
extensive measures to reduce noxious emissions;
minimum recycled, recyclable packaging packaging was be minimal, durable,
reusable, returnable, or fully recyclable;
minimum transport energy products were shipped in a format that reduced
transportation impact, such as dry mixed or knock down;
minimum installation hazards product could be safely installed without the use of
protective equipment and without generating hazardous material or difficult-todispose-of waste;
low toxic emission in use the product was chemically stable;
reusable/salvageable the product was easily reused without a significant loss in
quality; and
recyclable the product had feasible recycling options.
PAGE C3

(APPENDIX C)
The Environmentally Responsible Construction and

Renovation Handbook
Date of Publication: 2000
Publisher: Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services.
Available Through: RPS Documentation Centre, Sir Charles Tupper Building,
Rm. D-325, Ottawa, ON K1A 0M2
Telephone: 613-736-2146
This manual was prepared for facility and property mangers within the Canadian Federal
Government of Canada, to assist them in making environmentally aware decisions during
construction and renovation projects. The manual provides an explanation of various
environmental issues applicable to building materials and practices. It also introduces
practical ways of making construction practices both cost effective and environmentally
responsible.
This sourcebook addresses the following areas of environmental building impacts:
waste reduction;
energy efficiency;
water efficiency; and
material selection.
The section on solid-waste reduction outlines the basics of a waste-reduction plan, including
alternative methods of disposal, on-site sorting of waste and recycling options.
Environmental issues are addressed through an overview of environmental cruxes that affect
the choice of building products. It defines and discusses the issues of conservation, embodied
energy, recycled content and recyclability, degradability, and pollutants generated during
manufacturing, use and disposal. The criteria developed to evaluate building materials,
products, and systems parallel the criteria used in this guideline. The criteria used include:
renewable resources;
recycled content;
remanufactured products;
toxicity;
ozone depletion;
energy efficiency;
energy savings;
water consumption;
reduced volatile organic emissions;

lowered formaldehyde emissions;
anti-microbial treatments;
reusable products;
refurbishable products;
remanufacturable products;
recyclable products; and
degradability.
PAGE C5

(APPENDIX C)
This document provides background information relating to the environmental impacts

associated with each criteria used for evaluation purposes.
PAGE C6

(APPENDIX C)
American Institute of Architects (AIA) Environmental

Resource Guide
Publisher: American Institute of Architects
Publication Date: July 1992
Available Through: AIA Bookstores, 1735 New York Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20006
Telephone: 202-626-7300
Website: www.e-architect.com
This guide was developed to educate architects and other building professionals about the
environmental price of various building materials. The guide is divided into different product
categories and each section includes a thorough description of the products components and
manufacturing processes. Specific products or manufacturers are not identified, nor are the
products rated. Rather, this sourcebook looks to bring about an environmental awareness
among its readers to be applied when selecting building products.
The manufacturing and fabrication processes for each material category are examined with
a view to identifying waste emissions. The guide also provides an in-depth description of the
harvesting or mining practices for component ingredients used in each manufacturing
process. Relevant regulatory statutes governing the manufacturing or harvesting procedures
are discussed. Although most of these statutes are US-based, some international regulations
are given.
Each product category includes a technical report giving a synopsis of the environmental
issues most pertinent to that category. The most common category subheadings are:
natural resource depletion harvesting or mining procedures are examined, as well

as any other relevant issues;
energy consumption general guidelines are given for assessing the embodied energy
of the final product. In some product categories, the figures are given for the
individual component materials to allow for variations in fabrication processes;
waste generation details are given on the manufacturing process for each product.
Although there are occasional references to post-consumer disposal of products, most
of the information deals with production issues;
indoor air quality any issues that may have a detrimental effect on indoor air quality
are identified. If a product is manufactured with an ingredient such as formaldehyde
or other VOC-emitting compounds, the standard off-gassing rates are given, as well
as the amount of increased ventilation needed. Products having the potential to act
as sinks for VOCs from other sources are also listed; and
PAGE C7

(APPENDIX C)
suggestions for architects alternative choices to traditional product selection are

given. Also included are abatement actions that can reduce environmental impacts.
PAGE C8

(APPENDIX C)
The Sourcebook for Sustainable Design

Publication Date: November 1992
Publisher: The Boston Society of Architects, 52 Broad Street, Boston, MA 02109
Telephone: 617-951-1433
Fax: 617-951-0845
Website: www.architects.com
This manual provides a listing of products reputed to have environmental benefit, however
there is no certification program applied to this listing. The suppliers and products listed in
the document are presented only as suggested alternatives, and there is no financial
connection between the parties involved. There are several chapters on building material
categories that include quick introductions to the applicable sustainability issues.
Sustainable design is the emphasis of this publication. For this reason, products are selected
for their recycled content and level of natural resource consumption. Other environmental
building issues, such as indoor air quality and energy consumption, are not covered in great
detail.
Of prime concern is how these products stacked up in terms of ozone depletion, global
warming and the diversion from the solid-waste stream. Materials listed in the manual were
required to meet one of several broad criteria:
lowered environmental impact the product was generally accepted by the public or
construction industry as environmentally responsible;
verification the manufacturer or producer made environmental claims that were

reasonable and independently verified; and
recycled content product had more than a token recycled content.
PAGE C9

(APPENDIX C)
Environmental Choices for Home Builders and Renovators

Publication Date: January 1994
Publishers: Canadian Home Builders Association, Canada Mortgage and Housing
Corporation, and The Ontario New Home Warranty Program, 150 Laurier Avenue W.,
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5J4
Telephone: 613-230-3060
Website: www.cbha.ca
Environmental Choices for Home Builders and Renovators helps builders and renovators
understand the environmental issues surrounding building products and practices and, in
turn, allows them to present options to their customers.
The guidebook does not set criteria. It sets priorities to be considered during the planning and
construction phase that will permit a construction project to meet environmental standards
along with social and economic limitations.
Environmental considerations are applied against the three major phases of construction.
The three phases and associated criteria are:
site design and treatment the orientation of the building, drainage, vegetation and
surfacing materials;
building materials embodied energy, IAQ, resource conservation, durability and
waste production and material selection; and
building systems the building envelope, window and doors, HVAC systems,
lighting, appliances and water and sewage systems.
The following environmental criteria are applied to the material specification phases:
energy demand the actual operating energy of the building is examined. Ways and
means of improving the energy efficiency of the building are discussed, however
embodied energy is not included;
CO2 and other emissions these are discussed as they relate to the manufacturing
process;
indoor air quality material selection or systems that can improve the indoor air
quality of the buildings are discussed and recommendations given;
resource depletion information on how to select materials and systems that utilize
sustainable industry and renewable resources is provided;
PAGE C11

(APPENDIX C)
industrial pollution addresses the pollution generated during production and

fabrication of materials and systems, along with the pollution generated by the new
or renovated structure;
installer/occupant health the toxicity of products and systems are explained, as are
the environmental benefits of using benign substances; and
waste production where relevant, the benefit of reducing waste generation through
both construction practices and materials selection is outlined.
PAGE C12

(APPENDIX C)
Evaluation Framework For The Identification Of Green

Building Materials
Publication Date: 1996
Publisher: Public Works and Government Services
Available Through: PWGSC/RPS Documentation Centre, Sir Charles Tupper Building,
Room D-325, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0M2
Telephone: 613-736-2138
Facsimile: 613-736-2041
This manual has been prepared as a tool for use by construction practitioners who wish to
incorporate the specification of building materials that provide lowered environmental
impacts. The manual is available in either hard copy or automated software format.
Included in the manual are three tools to be used during the evaluation process:
1. environmental design considerations the importance of establishing environmental
priorities during the design phase;
2. environmental issues associated with building materials an overview of general
environmental impact issues; and
3. criteria for evaluation an extensive list of both quantifiable and non-quantifiable
criteria are identified and applied within a framework of product life-cycle.
The criteria identified include:
renewable resources;
sustainability;
recycled content;
recyclability;
remanufactured materials;
remanufacturing options;
water use;
toxicity;
ozone depletion;
atmospheric impact;
energy efficiency;
energy saving;
energy conservation;
embodied energy;
VOC emissions;
formaldehyde emissions;
anti-microbial treatments;
reuse;
refurbishing options;
degradability;
waste generation;
source reduction; and
durability.
PAGE C13

(APPENDIX C)
This publication also includes an evaluation questionnaire. The questionnaire has been
designed to assist practitioners in obtaining pertinent environmental information from
manufacturers and distributors, in order to make accurate comparisons during their
evaluation process.
The results of this work have been computerized as the Green Construction Materials
Criteria Generator and are available from the Internet on the Buy Green home page at:
www.buygreen.com.
PAGE C14

(APPENDIX C)
Building Environmental Performance Assessment Program

(BEPAC)
Publication Date: 1993
Publisher: University of British Columbia
Available Through: Environmental Research Group, School of Architecture,
The University of British Columbia, 6333 Memorial Road, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z2
Telephone: 604-822-2857
Facsimile: 604-822-3808
This voluntary program provides a comprehensive method for evaluating building design and
management performance against defined criteria. These criteria address global, local and
interior environment concerns. BEPAC is incentive oriented; it encourages progression
towards more environmentally responsible building practices and higher performance
standards. The program is based on four modules:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Base Building Design;

Base Building Management;
Tenancy Design; and
Tenancy Management.
The evaluation process is designed on a best practices approach that considers both current
and emerging design and operation features. The criteria of the BEPAC program concentrate
on five major areas:
ozone layer protection;

environmental impacts of energy use;
indoor air quality;
resource conservation;
site considerations; and
transportation.
Trained assessors who have knowledge of all criteria covered by the program assess the
buildings. The assessment may defer to expert advice or recommendations from other
specialist consultants, where appropriate. Any dispute regarding application of the criteria
or the BEPAC program policy may be remanded to the Management Committee at the
request of either the program participant or the assessor.
PAGE C15

(APPENDIX C)
Upon completion of a successful assessment, two complimentary certificates are issued one
for the base building and one for the tenancy.
The BEPAC Program is currently applicable to new and existing buildings in British
Columbia. However, it is planned that the program will be expanded to cover a wide range
of building types across Canada. As the program expands, regional differences will be taken
into account.
PAGE C16
APPENDIX D
APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
EVALUATION CRITERIA TO THE NATIONAL
MASTER SPECIFICATION

(APPENDIX D)
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA EVALUATION MATRIX

The matrix on the following pages identifies the sections of the National Master
Specification (NMS) where the quantifiable environmental criteria can be applied. The
sources of these criteria have been outlined in Appendix B Certification and Verification
Programs and Appendix C Sources of Environmental Evaluation Criteria.
The matrix includes all sections of the NMS. The sections that have been greened are
identified in bold font in the matrix and the criteria that were applied have been indicated
with an A. The unreviewed sections are included in regular font, and potential environmental
evaluation criteria for these sections have been indicated with a P.
PAGE D1

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
02000
SITEWORK
02071
Geogrid Soil Reinforcement
02072
Geotextiles
02073
Geomembranes
02115
Removal of Underground Storage Tanks
02221
Demolition - Short Form
02222
Demolition of Structures
02225
Sitework Demolition and Removal
02226
Removal Of Existing Asphalt Pavement
02227
Deconstruction of Structures
02231
Clearing and Grubbing
02232
Tree Pruning
02233
Preservation of Topsoil
02250
Historic Structures Bracing & Shoring
02261
Timber Cribwork
02300
Earthwork and Related Work
02311
Site Grading
02312
Airfield Grading
02315
Excavating, Trenching and Backfilling
02316
Rock Removal
02317
Roadway Excavation, Embankment and Compaction
02325
Dredging
02326
Channel [Excavation] [Cleaning and Deepening]
02336
Reshaping [Roadway] Subgrade
02341
Lime Soil Stabilization
02361
Chemical Control Of Vegetation
02362
Dust Control
02371
Rip-Rap
02372
Gabions
02373
Crushed Rock Mattress
02379
Preservation of Watercourses
02391
Mooring Devices
02392
Pontoons
02393
Revetments
02394
Rubble Mound Breakwater
02451
Pile Foundations-General
02452
Pile Tests
02453
Pile Driving Templates
02454
Compacted Expanded-Base Concrete Piles
02456
Steel Sheet Piling
02457
Timber Piles
02458
Steel Pipe Piles
02459
Steel H Piles
02465
Bored Piles
02466
Rock Sockets for Piles
02467
Steel Sheet Pile Cells
02468
Precast Concrete Piles
02630
Storm Drainage
02476
Fixed End Caisson Piles (Rock Socketed)
02477
Concrete Caissons for Marine Works
02511
Water Mains
02521
Water Wells
02530
Sewerage
02531
Sewage Force Mains
02541
Precast Concrete Septic Tank
02542
Disposal Fields for Septic Tanks
02551
Telethermics - Distribution Piping
02552
Telethermics - Distribution Piping - PVC - FRP
02553
Telethermics - Thermal Insulation
02554
Telethermics - Dryable, Drainable, Testable Conduit Systems
02555
Telethermics - Cathodic Protection
02556
Telethermics - Insulated and Plastic Jacketted Systems
02557
Telethermics - Directly Buried, Loose Fill Insulated, Systems
02558
02559
Telethermics - Steel Tunnel Systems
Factory Pre-insulated Piping Systems for Utility Applications
Legend:
1. Renewable Resources
2. Recycled Content
P
P
P
P
X
X
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
X
A
P
P
8. Degradable
9. Reduced Toxicity
15. Reduced Formaldehyde

Emissions
3. Remanufactured
10. Reduced Ozone Depletion
16. Aniti-Microbial Treatments
4. Rebuildable
11. Energy Efficiency
17. Responsible Procedures
5. Recyclable
12. Energy Savings
18. Construction Waste
6. Refurbishable
13. Lowered Water Consumption
7. Reusable
14. Lowered VOC Emissions
Management and Disposal

19. Greened NMS Specification
PAGE D2

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
17
18
Direct Buried Underground Cable Ducts
02583
Pole Lines and Hardware
02584
Overhead Service
02585
Underground Service
02591
Aircraft Static Grounding
02620
Sub-drainage
02621
Sub-drain Backfill Sealing With Asphalt
02622
Foundation and Underslab Drainage
02631
Manholes & Catch Basins
02641
Pipe Culverts
02661
[Sewage] [Storage] Lagoons
02701
Aggregates: General
02702
Corrected Maximum Dry Density
02703
Marshall Immersion Test
02705
Railroad Siding
02715
Cement Stabilized Base
02721
Granular Base
02722
[Pavement Surface Cleaning] [and] [Removal of Pavement Markings]
02723
Granular Sub-base
02731
Crushed Stone Paving
02741
Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Paving
02742
Asphalt Concrete Pavement for Building Sites
02743
Asphalt Concrete Paving-Short Form
02744
Mixed In Place Asphalt Paving
02745
Asphalt Prime
02746
Asphalt Tack Coat
02747
Reshaping Asphalt Pavement
02748
Reshaping Granular Roadbed
02751
Precast Concrete Paving
02752
Portland Cement Concrete Paving
02753
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement for Building Sites
02757
Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements
02761
Painted Traffic Lines & Markings
02770
Concrete Walks Curbs & Gutters
02785
Unit Paving
02786
Asphalt Surface Treatment Single Application
02787
Asphalt Surface Treatment Multiple Application
02821
Chainlink Fences & Gates
02822
Wire Fences & Gates
02831
Reinforced Soil Type Retaining Walls
02832
Metal Crib Retaining Walls
02841
Guide Posts
02842
02560
Telethermics - Shallow Inverted Trench (SIT) Systems
02561
Telethermics - Pre-fabricated Steel Manholes
02581
Concrete Encased Duct Banks and Manholes
02582
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
P
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
Steel Post Delineators
02843
Cable Guide Rail
02844
Steel W-Beam Guide Rail
02845
Concrete Barriers
02846
Steel Box Beam Guide Rail
02870
Site, Street & Mall Furniture
02891
Roadway Signs
02901
Tree & Shrub Preservation
02906
Planting Trees Shrubs & Ground Cover
02911
Topsoil and Finish Grading
02921
Seeding
02922
Hydraulic Seeding
02933
Sodding
02951
Asphalt Slurry Seal Coat
02952
Rubberized Coal Tar Slurry Seal Coat
02981
Pavement Surface Grooving
02982
Routing and Sealing Pavement Cracks
2. Recycled Content
Pavement Crack Cleaning and Filling
02983
Legend:
19
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
X
X
P
A
X
X
P
P
8. Degradable
9. Reduced Toxicity

Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Rebuildable
5. Recyclable
12. Energy Savings
6. Refurbishable
7. Reusable

PAGE D3

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
02991
Historic Structures: Moving and Relocation of Wood Structures
03000
CONCRETE
03100
Concrete Forms and Accessories
03200
Concrete Reinforcement
03300
Cast In Place Concrete - Long Form
03301
Concrete for Bridge Decks
03302
Cast In Place Concrete - Short Form
03306
Underwater Concreting
03361
Concrete Floor Hardeners
03362
Concrete Floor Treatments
03371
Shotcrete
03410
Plant - Precast Structural Concrete
03420
Plant - Precast Structural Post Tensioning
03450
Plant - Precast Architectural Precast Concrete
03481
Precast Parking Curbs
04000
MASONRY
04051
Masonry Procedures
04065
Mortar & Masonry Grout
04650
Historic Mortars
04075
04080
Historic Structures Grouts

Masonry Reinforcement and Connectors
A
P
04090
Masonry Accessories
04211
Brick Unit Masonry
04212
Clay Tile Unit Masonry
04220
Concrete Masonry Units
04270
Glass Unit Masonry
04411
Marble
04412
Granite
04420
Collected Stone
04430
Quarried Stone
04911
Historic Structures: Replacement of Brick
04921
Historic Structures Masonry Repointing and Repair
04922
Replacement of Stone in Historic Structures
04923
Historic Structures Repair of Stone
04924
Historic Structures Stone Masonry Removals
05000
METALS
05121
Structural Steel For Buildings
05122
Structural Steel For Bridges
05141
Structural Aluminum - For Buildings
05210
Steel Joists
05310
Steel Deck
05411
Wind Load Bearing Steel Stud Systems
05500
Metal Fabrications
05510
Metal Stairs & Ladders
05810
Expansion Joint Cover Assemblies
06000
WOOD AND PLASTIC
06070
Wood Treatment
06071
Historic Structures : Long-term Treatment of Wood
06072
Historic Structures Eradication of Insects in Wood
06073
Historic Structures - Antiseptic Treatment for Wood
06100
Rough Carpentry - Long Form
06101
Rough Carpentry - Short Form
06131
Historic Structures Period Horizontal Log Work
06140
Treated Wood Foundations
06150
Wood Decking
06155
Historic Structures: Carvel Planking
06171
Prefabricated Wood Trusses
06180
Glued - Laminated Structural Units
06200
Finish Carpentry
06400
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
Architectural Woodwork
06666
Plastic Laminates
06911
Historic Structures: Splicing of Wooden Components
06912
Historic Structures Storage and Protection of Wood
06914
Historic Structures: Replacement of Curved Wood Members: Steam Bending
Legend:
2. Recycled Content
X
P
P
P
P
8. Degradable
9. Reduced Toxicity

Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Rebuildable
5. Recyclable
12. Energy Savings
6. Refurbishable
7. Reusable

PAGE D4

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
07000
THERMAL & MOISTURE PROTECTION
07120
Bituminous Dampproofing
07160
Sheet Vapour Retarders
07161
Metal Oxide Waterproofing
07170
Bentonite Waterproofing
07180
Traffic Coatings
07190
Water Repellent Coating
07211
Loose Fill Insulation
07212
Board Insulation
07213
Batt & Blanket Insulation
07215
Spray Applied Cellulose Insulation
07216
Spray in Place Urethane Foam Insula
07217
Spray Applied Mineral Fiber Insulation
07240
Exterior Insulation & Finish Systems
07271
Air Barriers (Descriptive Proprietary)
07272
Air Barriers (Performance)
07305
Historic Structures: Concrete Roofing
07311
Asphalt Shingles
07313
Cedar Shingles & Shakes
07314
Historic Structures: Wood Shingles and Shakes
07315
Historic Structures: Slate Roofing
07331
Historic Structures: Sod Roofing
07332
Historic Structures: Canvas Roofing
07415
Historic Structures: Tinplate and Ternplate Roofing
07431
Composite Metal Building Panels
07450
Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Panels
07461
Wood Siding
07464
Rigid Vinyl Siding
07465
Preformed Metal Siding/Cladding
07471
Historic Structures: Board Roofing
07481
Double Skin Metal Cladding
07510
Built-Up Bituminous (BUR) [Roofing] [and] [Waterproofing]
07531
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Roofing & Waterproofing
07541
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Roofing & Waterproofing
07550
Modified Bituminous Roofing
07561
Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt Roofing and Waterproofing
07610
Sheet Metal Roofing
07620
Metal Flashing & Trim
07712
Prefabricated Roof Expansion Joints
07724
Roof Hatches
07811
Applied Fireproofing
07840
Firestopping
07900
Joint Sealers
07921
Caulking Historic Vessels
08000
DOORS & WINDOWS
08110
Steel Doors & Frames
08120
Aluminum Doors & Frames
08130
Stainless Steel Doors and Frames
08181
Screen & Storm Doors - Aluminum
08210
Wood Doors
08215
Historic Structures: Period Wood Doors
08260
Sliding Wood & Plastic Doors
08331
A
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
A
P
A
X
A
P
A
P
P
P
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
P
A
P
A
Overhead Coiling Doors & Grilles
08332
Side Coiling Grilles
08333
Coiling Counter Doors
08341
Sliding Metal Fire Doors
08342
Safety Glass Doors
08351
Accordion Folding Doors
08352
Panel Folding Doors
08355
Flexible Doors
P
Emissions
P
P
8. Reduced Toxicity
Sectional Wood Overhead Doors

2. Recycled Content
08361
Legend:
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable
14. Reduced Formaldehyde Emissions

PAGE D5

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
08362
Sectional Metal Overhead Doors
08363
Sectional Plastic Overhead Doors
08371
Multileaf Vertical Lift Metal Doors
08372
Vertical Lift Wood Doors
08373
Vertical Lift Metal Doors
08460
Automatic Entrance Doors
08500
Windows
08600
Plastic Skylights
08710
Door Hardware
08715
Cabinet and Miscellaneous Hardware
08800
Glazing
08920
Glazed Aluminum Curtain Walls
08975
Structural Sealant Glazing System
09000
FINISHES
09110
Non Load Bearing Wall Framing
09130
Acoustical Suspension
09205
Furring and Lathing
09210
Gypsum Plaster
09212
Historic Structures: Plaster
09250
18
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Gypsum Board
09310
Ceramic Tile
09330
Quarry & Paver Tile
09410
Portland Cement Terrazzo
09420
Precast Terrazzo
09440
Plastic Matrix Terrazzo
09510
Acoustical Ceilings
09546
Linear Metal Ceilings
09547
Integrated Ceiling
09641
Wood Strip Flooring
09642
Wood Parquet Flooring
09643
Resilient Wood Flooring System
09651
Resilient Tile Flooring
09652
Resilient Sheet Flooring
09680
Carpets
09710
Acoustical Walls Treatment
09721
Vinyl Coated Fabric Wall Covering
09911
Interior Painting
09912
A
A
A
A
A
Exterior Painting
09961
High Build Glazed Coatings
09962
Elastomeric Coatings
09963
Aggregate Wall Coatings
09971
Painting Heavy Civil Metal Surfaces
09991
Repainting Historic Structures; Exterior Surfaces
09992
Repainting Historic Structures: Interior Surfaces
10000
SPECIALTIES
10110
Chalkboards
10120
Tackboards
10160
Metal Toilet Partitions
10170
Plastic Toilet Partitions
10185
Shower & Dressing Compartments
10200
Louvers & Vents
10260
Wall and Corner Guards
10270
Access Floors
10350
Flagpoles
10441
Building Signs
10505
Metal Lockers
10522
Portable Fire Extinguishers [and Safety Blankets]
10605
Wire Mesh Partitions
10616
Post & Panel Demountable Partitions
10618
Stud Type Demountable Partitions
10652
10655
10675
Legend:
A
P
P
P
P
Folding Panel Partitions
Accordion Folding Partitions
Metal Storage Shelving
2. Recycled Content
8. Reduced Toxicity
P
X
P
Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D6

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
14
15
16
18
Built-in Vacuum Cleaning System
11021
Vault Doors and Frames
11055
Metal Library Shelving System
11150
Parking Control Equipment
11161
Dock Levellers
11162
Elevating Docks
11163
Dock Bumpers
11164
Dock Seals and Shelters
11171
Packaged Incinerators
11172
Waste Compactors
11201
Commercial Water Treatment Plants
11211
Well Pump Systems
11391
Packaged Sewage Lift Station Wet Well Type
11405
Prefabricated Walk-In Freezers and Coolers
11410
Food Service Catalogue Items
11411
Food Service Custom Fabrication
12000
FURNISHINGS
12311
Steel Laboratory Casework
12321
Wood Laboratory Casework
12491
Vertical Louver Blinds
12492
Horizontal Louver Blinds
12500
Furniture
12801
Interior Plantings
13000
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
13071
Door Bells/Chimes System
13100
Lightning Protection
13110
Cathodic Protection
13126
Steel Building Systems
13127
Prefabricated Buildings
13201
Underground Oil Storage Tanks
13202
Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks
13281
Asbestos Abatement - Minimum Precautions
13282
Asbestos Abatement - Intermediate Precautions
13283
Asbestos Abatement Maximum Precautions
13285
PCB (Polychlorinated Byphenyl) Abatement
13610
Solar Flat Plate Collectors
13701
Security Tour
13702
Security Door Supervision
13703
Building Entrance Control System
13801
Clock & Program - Electronic
13811
Lighting Control Equipment - Low Voltage
13812
Lighting Control Equipment - Photoelectric
13814
Airport Lighting Control System
13815
Airport Lighting PLC Control System
13830
EMCS: General Requirements
13831
EMCS: Shop Drawings, Product Data and Review Process
13832
EMCS: Start-up and Check-out
13833
EMCS: Commissioning
13834
EMCS: Project Records and "As-Built" Records
13835
EMCS: Training
13836
EMCS: Identification
13840
EMCS: Local Area Network (LAN)
13841
EMCS: Operator's Work Station (OWS)
13842
EMCS: Programmable Control Unit (PCU)
13843
EMCS: Master Control Unit (MCU)
13844
EMCS: Field Control Devices
13845
EMCS: Field Installation
13846
EMCS: System Documentation
13851
Fire Alarm Systems
13852
Multiplex Fire Alarm System
13853
Multiplex Fire Alarm and Voice Communication Systems
Packaged Fire Pump

2. Recycled Content
17
11011
13
11000
13920
Legend:
Toilet, Bath & Laundry Accessories

EQUIPMENT
10800
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
A
8. Reduced Toxicity
A
Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D7

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
17
18
13930
Wet Pipe Fire Suppression Sprinklers
13935
Dry Pipe Fire Suppression Sprinklers
13961
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems - Total Flooding
13962
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems - Local Application
13966
Pre-Engineered Wet Chemical Fire Protection System
13971
Pre-Engineered Dry Chemical Fire Protection System
14000
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
14120
Electric Dumbwaiters
14211
Electric Elevators - Freight
14212
Electric Elevators - Passenger
14241
Hydraulic Elevators - Freight
14242
Hydraulic Elevators - Passenger
14281
Elevator Control Functions
14301
Escalators
14302
Moving Walks
14331
Powered Platforms
14421
Wheelchair Lifts
14430
Platform Lifts
14731
Aircraft Passenger Fixed Loading Bridge[s]
15000
MECHANICAL
15010
Mechanical General Requirements
15017
Access Doors for Mechanical Systems
15051
Pipe Welding
15053
Motors, Drives and Guards for Mechanical Systems
15054
Use of Mechanical Systems During Construction
15061
Bases, Hangers and Supports
15071
Seismic Restraint Systems (SRS) - Type P2 Buildings
15072
Vibration Isolation [and Seismic Control] Measures
15075
Mechanical Identification
15081
15082
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
P
P
A
A
P
P
Thermal Insulation For Piping
Thermal Insulation For Ducting
15083
Thermal Insulating For Equipment
15084
Acoustic Duct Lining
15095
Cleaning and Start-up of Mechanical Piping Systems
15101
Installation of Pipework
15111
Valves - Bronze
15112
Valves - Cast Iron: Gate, Globe, Check
15113
Valves - Cast Steel
15114
Valves - Lubricated Plug
15121
Fluid Flow and Energy Metering
15122
Thermometers and Pressure Gauges - Piping Systems
15125
Flexible Connections, Expansion Joints, Anchors and Guides
15131
Pumps - Hydronic Systems
15132
15141
Steam Condensate Pumping Units
Domestic Water Supply Piping - Ductile Iron - Incoming Water Service
15142
Domestic Water Piping - Copper
15151
Drainage Waste & Vent Piping - Cast Iron & Copper
15152
Drainage Waste and Vent Piping - Plastic
15181
Hydronic Specialties
15182
Hydronic Systems: Copper
15183
Hydronic Systems: Steel
15184
Press Joint Piping Systems - Hydronic Systems
15185
Steel Piping Valves & Fittings Steam & Condensate up to 860 kPa
15186
Steam Specialties
15187
Copper Tubing & Fittings Refrigerant
15188
HVAC Water Treatment Systems
15191
Piping Valves and Fittings - Light Fuel Oil
15192
Piping, Valves & Fittings-Gas
15193
Petroleum Products Distribution System - Steel and FRP
15201
Service Garage Systems
15211
Compressed Air Systems
15301
Standpipe and Hose Systems
15401
Plumbing Specialties & Accessories
15411
Plumbing Fixtures & Trim
15440
Legend:
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Plumbing Pumps
2. Recycled Content
P
P
P
A
P
8. Reduced Toxicity
P
P
P
P
P
Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D8

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15461
Packaged Potable Water Conditioning
15480
Domestic Water Heaters
15510
Packaged Boilers
15531
Forced Air Furnaces
15532
Electric Forced Air Furnaces
15551
Breeching & Chimney's
15601
Process Refrigeration
15621
Packaged Reciprocating Water Chillers
15622
Packaged Centrifugal Water Chillers
15623
Packaged Absorption Water Chillers
15624
Packaged Rotary-Screw Water Chillers
15641
Cooling Towers - Induced Draft Crossflow
15661
[Evaporative Condensers] [Closed Circuit Coolers] [Cooling Towers]
15701
Forced Air Console Unit
15702
Forced Air Heaters
15703
Incremental Heating and Cooling Units
15704
Heating Cables - Radiant
15705
Heating Cables - Pipe/Tank Tracing
15706
Liquid Heaters
15710
Heat Exchangers
15721
Built-Up Air Handling Units
15722
Packaged Air Handling Units
15731
Computer Room Air Conditioning System
15732
Packaged Rooftop HVAC Units
15740
Heat Pumps
15751
Humidifiers
15761
Infrared Heating Systems
15762
Convectors and Finned Tube Radiation
15763
Baseboard Convectors - Residential
15764
Baseboard Convectors Commercial
15765
Unit Heaters
15766
Unit Heaters - Electric
15767
Unit Ventilators
15768
Electric Infrared Radiant Heaters
15769
Cabinet Convector Heaters
15771
Heating Cables - Snow Melting Section
15772
Heating Cables - Floor Warming
15781
Heat Reclaim Devices
15805
Perchloric Acid Fume Hood and Exhaust System - Stainless Steel
15806
Perchloric Acid Fume Hood and Exhaust System - Plastic
15807
Packaged Kitchen Exhaust Hoods
15808
Tail Pipe Exhaust Systems
15811
Ductwork - Low Pressure - Metallic to 500 Pa
15812
Ductwork - High Pressure - Metallic to 2500 Pa
15813
Flexible Ductwork
15820
Duct Accessories
15821
Dampers - Balancing
15822
Dampers - Operating
15823
Dampers - Fire and Smoke
15824
Duct Heaters
15825
Sound Attenuation
15831
X
X
A
P
Commercial Fans
15832
Domestic Fans
15833
Packaged Roof and Wall Exhausters
15840
Air Terminal Units
15851
Louvers, Intakes and Vents
15852
Grilles, Registers and Diffusers
15861
Filters and Filter Gauges
15916
Electric Heating & Cooling Controls
15920
Pneumatic Controls
15950
Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) of Mechanical Systems
16000
ELECTRICAL
16010
Electrical General Requirements
16051
Installation of Cables in Trenches and in Ducts
16053
Legend:
Metering and Switchboard Instruments

2. Recycled Content
P
8. Reduced Toxicity
P
P
P
P
A
A
P
P
Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D9

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16061
Grounding - Primary
16062
Grounding - Secondary
16071
Fastenings and Supports
16113
Underfloor Distribution System
16121
Power Cable and Overhead Conductors 1001-15000 V
16122
Wires and Cables 0 - 1000 V
16123
Communications Conductors- Outside Plant
16124
Communication Cables - Inside Buildings
16126
Modular Wiring System
16127
Smart-Light Control System
16131
Splitters, Junction, Pull Boxes and Cabinets
16132
Outlet Boxes, Conduit Boxes and Fittings
16133
Conduits, Conduit Fastenings and Conduit Fittings
16134
Surface and Lighting Fixture Raceways
16135
Cabletroughs
16136
Wireways and Auxiliary Gutters
16137
Cellular Metal Floor Raceway Fittings
16138
Indoor Service Poles
16139
Multi-Outlet Assemblies
16141
Wiring Devices
16151
Wire and Box Connectors - 0-1000 V
16152
Cable Splice and Junction Boxes
16153
Connectors and Terminations
16161
Outdoor Equipment Enclosures
16211
16221
Terminals and Connectors for Communications Conductors - Entrance

Facility
Fractional Horsepower Motors
16222
Motors: 1 to 200 hp
16223
Motor Starters to 600 V
16224
18
X
P
P
P
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Motor Controllers- 2000 to 5000 V (Non-Hazardous)
16225
Motor Control Centre
16231
Diesel Electric Generating Units (Liquid Cooled)
16232
Diesel Electric Generating Units (Air Cooled)
16233
Diesel Electric Generating Units Appendix B Factory Test
16234
Diesel Electric Generating Units Appendix A
16235
16236
Installation of Electric Power Generating Equipment
16237
Installation of Electric Power Generating Equipment Test Chart
16238
Power Generation Diesel
16239
Power Generation to 30 kW
16241
Storage Batteries and Racks
16261
Uninterruptible Power Systems Static
16262
Battery Chargers
16271
Dry Type Transformers Up to 600 V Primary
16272
Pad Mounted Transformers (with Isolation and Protection) for Visual Aids
16273
Transformer Vault Equipment to 15 kV
16274
Distribution Transformers-Liquid Cooled
16275
Dry Type Transformers
16276
Pad Mounted Distribution Transformers
16278
Outdoor Substation to 15kV
16281
Capacitors for Power Factor Correction
16301
Automatic Load Transfer Equipment
16302
Hospital Operating Rooms, Isolated Power Supply
16303
Primary Lightning Arresters
16321
Circuit Breakers
16322
Reclosers
16323
Interlock Systems
16324
Outdoor Load Break Switches and Fuses
16325
Isolating Switches to 15 kV
16326
Fuse Cutouts and Fuse Links - Outdoor
16327
Full Load Interrupter Switches to 15 kV
16341
Primary Switchgear Assembly to 15 kV
16361
Unit Substation to 15 kV
Service Equipment
2. Recycled Content
16401
Legend:
A
A
P
P
Installation of Electric Power Generating Equipment Test Chart Information
P
P
8. Reduced Toxicity
P
Emissions
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D1
10

(APPENDIX D)
NMS SECTION TITLE
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16402
Service Entrance Board
16411
Air Circuit Breakers
16412
Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
16413
Load Break Switches
16414
Disconnect Switches - Fused and Non-Fused
16421
Contactors
16422
Fire Pump Control
16423
Control Devices
16431
Secondary Switchgear
16441
Panelboards Breaker Type
16442
Panelboards Switch and Fuse Type
16443
Generator Switchboard To 600V
16444
Generator Switchboard Over 600 V
16451
Busways
16461
Instrument Transformers
16491
Fuses - Low Voltage
16492
Ground Fault Equipment Protection
16493
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters - Class "A"
16494
Secondary Lightning Arresters
16505
Lighting Equipment
16511
16512
Simplified Short Approach Lighting System; Runway Alignment Indicator

Lights
Inset Lighting for Airport Runways and Taxiways
16513
Precision Approach Path Indicator System (PAPI)
16521
Airport Lighting General
16522
Airport Lighting Regulator Assembly
16524
Runway Identification Lights
16525
Floodlighting-Exterior
16526
Apron Floodlighting
16527
Visual Approach Slope Indicator System
16528
High (and Low) Intensity Approach Lighting System
16529
Low Intensity Approach Lighting System
16531
Exit Lights
16536
Unit Equipment for Emergency Lighting
16537
Lighting - Central Emergency System
16539
Aluminum Tower Assembly and Erection
16550
Street Lighting Poles & Luminaries
16551
Illuminated Airport Guidance Signs
16552
18
P
P
P
P
X
X
P
A
Wind Cone
16554
Omni-Directional Approach Lighting System (ODALS)
16555
Elevated Edge Lighting for Airport Runways
16561
Red Obstruction Lights
16562
M.I. White Flashing Obstruction Light
16563
Red Hazard Beacon
16564
Rotating Beacon
16571
Lighting Control - Incandescent
16572
Lighting Control - Fluorescent
16701
Terminals and Connectors for Building Communication Conductors
16702
Telecommunications Raceway System
16720
Incoming Telephone Service
16722
Nurses Call
16723
Intercom, Interphone System
16724
Public Address System
Master TV Antenna
P
Emissions
16851
Legend:
2. Recycled Content
P
P
8. Reduced Toxicity
3. Remanufactured
4. Recyclable
11. Energy Savings
5. Refurbishable
6. Reusable
7. Degradable

PAGE D11
APPENDIX E
WEIGHTING PROCESS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

(APPENDIX E)
WEIGHTING PROCESS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

There is no clear definition of an environmental or green construction or renovation
project, but incorporating the criteria outlined in this guideline will reduce the
environmental impacts. One project may wish to incorporate the highest possible
recycled content, while another project may wish to place the highest emphasis on energy
efficiency and savings. As a result, products that are applicable to one project profile may
not be as suitable to another. Each project should organize the criteria into an order of
priority during the initial stages. This process will define the environmental profile of the
project.
The table below indicates a method of assessing materials based on the criteria previously
discussed. Materials are rated from 1 to 4 for all known criteria (the higher the rating the
lower the environmental impacts). This methodology is somewhat subjective, as it will
sometimes be difficult to obtain precise data on all materials. When applying weighting
factors, the process should be adapted and made appropriate to the goals of each
particular project as defined by the practitioner or client. The importance of each criterion
should be established by a base factor of 1 to 4.
The factored total for each product is the sum of the materials rating for each criterion,
multiplied by the base factor for each criterion. The higher the factored total the more
appropriate the material or product for the intended project. Different project priorities
will dramatically alter the scoring of products.
When rating materials, it is important to consider that the greatest environmental impacts
will result from the products with the highest volume. For example, if improved indoor
air quality is a high priority, the greatest efforts should be expended on the assessment of
large-surface area products, such as paints and floor coverings. If energy conservation is
the highest priority, the emphasis should be placed on the assessment of components of
the building envelope, and mechanical and lighting equipment.
The application of a weighting factor provides the practitioner with a simple system for
comparing materials with the information that is known. This method can be applicable
even when only a few criteria are used in an evaluation process.
PAGE E1

(APPENDIX E)
Notes
Life-cycle Stage 1
1 = non-renewable
4 = renewable
1 = no recycled content
4 = <70% recycled content
1 = not remanufactured
4 = <70% remanufactured
Life-cycle Stage 2
1 = high toxicity
4 = low toxicity
1 = manufactured with ODS*
4 = ODS removed from processes
Life-cycle Stage 3
1 = high kWh consumption rate
4 = low kWh consumption rate
1 = provides no energy savings
4 = improves energy savings
1 = flow rate above CSA Standard
4 = flow rate at/below CSA Standard
1 = ODS contained in product
4 = ODS removed from product
1 = high emission rates
4 = low emission rates
1 = high emission rates
4 = low emission rates
1 = microbial growth possible
4 = microbial growth deterred
1 = low potential
4 = high potential
1 = low potential
4 = high potential
Life-cycle Stage 4
1 = low potential
4 = high potential
1 = low potential
4 = high potential
Criterion
Base Factor
1 = low priority
4 = high priority
Product
A
Renewable
Resources
Recycled Content
Remanufactured
Reduced Toxicity
Reduced Ozone
Depletion
Energy Efficiency
Energy Savings
Reduced Water
Consumption
Reduced Ozone
Depletion
Lowered VOC
Emissions
Reduced
Formaldehyde
Emissions
Anti Microbial
Treatments
Reusable
Refurbishable
Recyclable
Degradable
Totals:
* ODS = Ozone Depleting Substances
PAGE E2
APPENDIX F
CASE STUDIES

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #1 THE SIR WILLIAM LOGAN BUILDING,

GREEN FLOORS PROJECT: PART 1 DEMOLITION
LOCATION: NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA HEADQUARTERS
580 BOOTH STREET, OTTAWA, ONTARIO
CONTACT: MARC BEAUDOIN 613-996-1365
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is committed to the promotion of resource conservation and
environmentally sustainable technologies. In keeping with this mandate, the Green Floors Project
was developed at NRCans headquarters facility located at 580 Booth Street in Ottawa, Ontario.
The building is owned by the Department of Public Works and Government Services (PWGSG).
The Green Floors Project was developed to demonstrate improved energy efficiency and to
incorporate lowered environmental impact construction products and processes during demolition
and construction of a refit space optimization project.
th
th
PWGSG had scheduled the 7 and 13 floors of this building for base upgrades and space
optimization. The Green Floor Project was developed in conjunction with the Facility Management
Branch, the Efficiency and Alternative Energy Technology Branch, and Forestry Canada at NRCan.
The project was implemented through PWGSCs Architecture and Engineering Services. While
environmental considerations were prioritized it was also imperative that the Green Floor refits be
cost effective and maintain the construction schedule.
th
The demolition of the 13 floor was accomplished in February and March of 1995 and served as
th
the blueprint for the 7 floor demolition, which was scheduled for January of 1996.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Ontarios Bill 143, which became law on March 3, 1995, mandates a 50 per cent reduction in solid
waste generation by the year 2000. Construction and demolition waste constitutes as much as onethird of the Canadian waste stream each year. Therefore, standard construction practices have been
targeted as an important factor in achieving this mandate.
In order to maximize diversion of waste from landfill, all plans and specifications were examined
and an addendum was developed that modified the specifications and resulting bids accordingly.
Potential bidders were supplied with alternative disposal options for all materials and a wastecollection outline. The collection outline ensured that stockpiling of demolition waste did not
interfere with demolition procedures. On-site facilitation was provided to the general contractor to
ensure that all possible diversion incentives were applied.
PAGE F1

(APPENDIX F)
Many of the items removed from the site were sent to a non-profit used building-material outlet.
The facility offers building materials that have been diverted from the waste stream for resale to the
general public.
Listed below are the materials that were removed from the site during the demolition process and
the waste diversion options that were utilized. The issues concerning the successful removal of each
material are also outlined.
PROCEDURES
The principle objective in salvaging the glass-fibre tiles was to

minimize damage during removal. The level of care that was used in
the tile removal resulted in over 90 per cent of the tiles being diverted
from the waste stream.
Careful demolition, handling and storage procedures resulted in

capture of over 90 per cent of both glass-fibre and mineral-fibre tiles.
Power-source poles have a high value and are often salvaged from
demolition sites. This product is primarily metal. It has a very high
embodied energy and is made from natural resources. It was important
that these poles were removed carefully to prevent any damage that
would limit their reuse.
Wiring and conduit have a high metal content and the development of
wire-stripping technologies provides excellent recycling options.
Removal of these materials required cutting the wire into short
lengths, making reuse impractical. The material was collected and
sorted for recycling.
De-mountable partitions can provide lowered environmental impact

due to their reusable construction. However, in order to utilize this
function, careful disassembly was required.
As the insulation material that was salvaged from the site had to be
bundled for delivery to the used building-materials facility, the
draperies were used for this purpose. Approximately 75 per cent of the
insulation materials were diverted from landfill.
PAGE F2

(APPENDIX F)
REUSABLE
The glass fibre ceiling tiles that were salvaged during demolition were
sent to a used building-products retail outlet for reuse. These tiles are
expensive and are therefore often salvaged by contractors as part of
normal demolition procedures. There are facilities that will refurbish
the tiles for reuse.
As mineral-fibre ceiling tiles are traditionally completely landfilled,

salvage and resale of over 90 per cent of this material was considered
a success.
Virtually all of the power-source poles were salvaged for resale.
Careful demolition of the de-mountable partitions allowed for the

sheets of vinyl-covered drywall to be sent to a used building-products
retail outlet for resale. Almost 100 per cent of the associated vinyl
trim was salvaged. Only 10-15 per cent of the vinyl-coated drywall
was disposed of in conventional landfill.
Contractors often salvage tracks and blinds. In this situation,

arrangements were made by the contractor to ship the blinds for reuse
or resale. All of the blinds, tracks and associated hardware were
salvaged.
Insulation can easily be reused on future construction sites. As the

contractor was conducting another renovation in the same building,
2
over 30 m of insulation was reused within the same building. The
remaining insulation was bundled into the salvaged draperies and sent
for resale.
Serviceable areas of the carpet were cut into 3 m x 6 m sections and

sent for resale.
Over 40 doors per floor were stockpiled from this site and sent for
resale. The contractor salvaged all of the associated hardware for later
reuse.
PAGE F3

(APPENDIX F)
RECYCLABLE
Over 6 m per floor of wiring, conduit and electrical boxes were

stockpiled and delivered for recycling.
All of the metal mechanical ductwork was sent for recycling.
For the first phase of this project, the unsalvageable carpet was sent to
conventional landfill. However, by the time the second phase of the
project commenced, 100 per cent of the carpet could be diverted
through a reclamation initiative offered by Dupont Canada.
Scrap metal has a high financial value and is easily salvaged and
recycled. For this reason, contractors often divert metal generated
from demolition sites to scrap-metal dealers. Metal that was diverted
at this site included reusable steel studs (250 reused on site) and metal
framing and miscellaneous scraps. This material was delivered for
recycling.
REFURBISHABLE
Contractors often salvage draperies and other window coverings

from demolition sites for personal use. In this situation, a local used
building-material outlet expressed interest in cleaning the drapes and
constructing reusable shopping bags from the material.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Of concern to all participants was that the application of green practices would not substantially
th
delay the construction schedule. It was found that the demolition of the 13 floor took eight personth
days longer than a standard demolition, which was carried out for the 15 floor of the same
building, with increased labour costs of approximately $2,000. However, savings that were
achieved through reuse and recycling offset these additional costs.
Tipping fees were substantially reduced by the intensive diversion practices. Revenue was
generated through the sale of materials that were delivered to for recycling. The class A estimate
th
for the demolition of the 13 floor was originally $15,600. Following the project, it was determined
that the actual costs were less than $8,000. When this information was taken into account the
th
class A estimate for the 7 floor demolition was reduced to $10,000.
PAGE F4

(APPENDIX F)
The success of this project demonstrated that the application of green demolition procedures can be
successfully and economically accomplished when supported through careful planning and
th
facilitation. Table 1 summarizes the waste diversion from the demolition of the 13 floor. Table 2
is a comparison of green demolition versus traditional demolition costs for the Sir William Logan
Building.
TH
TABLE 1: BREAKDOWN OF WASTE DISPOSAL FROM THE 13 FLOOR

Material
Volume
2
m
Weight
Disposal
(Landfill)
Disposal
(Diversion)
Glass-fibre Tiles
Mineral-fibre Tiles
Power-source Poles
Wiring, Conduit, Outlets
and Switches
Demountable Partitions
Drapes
Tracks and Blinds
Insulation Batts
Carpet
Miscellaneous Metals
Doors and Hardware
2.3
0.4
0.4
3.9 tonnes
700 kg
70 kg
8%
9%
92%
91%
100%
6.1
30.5
1.5
3.1
53.5
30.5
N/A
3.1
N/A
7 tonnes
N/A
N/A
N/A
4 tonnes
4 tonnes
1 tonne
Totals
131.4
20.67 tonnes
100%
91%
100%
100%
100%
25%
100%
100%
9%
75%
<10%
>90%
TABLE 2: GREEN DEMOLITION VS. TRADITIONAL DEMOLITION

th
th
Costs
13 Floor Demolition
15 Floor Demolition
Labour Costs @ $25/hour
36 person days $9,000

Carpet, Drywall, Doors,
Insulations and Glass $0.00
28 person days $7,000
$761.41
N/A
$761.41
250 studs $622.50
$300.00
$6,863.50
$2,990.25
125 studs $311.25

$300.00
$9,853.75
Alternate Disposal Options

Transportation to Used
Building Material Store
N/A
Revenue
Sale of Materials
th
Steel Studs Reused 15 Floor
th
Insulation Reused 15 Floor
Total Project Costs
Savings
PAGE F5

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #2 THE SIR WILLIAM LOGAN BUILDING,

GREEN FLOORS PROJECT: PART 2 MATERIALS
LOCATION: NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA HEADQUARTERS
580 BOOTH STREET, OTTAWA, ONTARIO
CONTACT: MARC BEAUDOIN 613-996-1365
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Green Floors Project is described in the previous case study which details Part 1 of the project
the demolition. The project was developed to demonstrate improved energy efficiency and
implementation of reduced environmental impact construction products and processes during
demolition and construction of a refit for a space-optimization project.
th
This case study examines the recommendations that were made for the 13 floor of the facility. The
objective was to demonstrate that healthier workspace environments could be developed using
materials that have reduced environmental impacts. It was also imperative that the project be
completed within time and budget constraints.
The initial phase of development involved an in-depth analysis of the standards refit specifications
used by Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC). Each specification was
assessed based on:
components;
manufacturing process;
embodied energy;
effects on indoor air quality;
resource use;
recycled content; and
recyclability.
PAGE F7

(APPENDIX F)
The project specifications were reviewed and the following products and processes where
incorporated into the project:
Sandblasted-glass interior partitions were installed to allow light
ENERGY
filtration into the interior portions of the floor.
SAVINGS
LOWERED VOC
EMISSIONS
REDUCED
Double-paned glass partitions, with the two sandblasted sides in the

centre, eliminated the need for high-VOC sealant.
Water-based fire stops and seals with low VOC emissions were used.
Latex-based EcoLogo paints with low VOC emissions were chosen.
Low-VOC latex flooring adhesives were used.
The doors were custom manufactured with phenol formaldehyde

particleboard cores to reduce formaldehyde emissions.
FORMALDEHYDE
EMISSIONS
ANTI-MICROBIAL
Woven wool carpet with jute and cotton warfs and wefts without
topical anti-microbial treatments were installed.
TREATMENTS
PAGE F8

(APPENDIX F)
Use of sustainably harvested birch wooden doors.
Wool carpet was chosen for its renewable resource content.
REUSABLE
Stud-type de-mountable partitions were selected to allow for reuse

options at a later date.
RECYCLED
The drywall for the demountable partitions contained 95 per cent

recycled desulphogypsum (DSG). The drywall specification called
for the covering to be 100 per cent recycled-content paper.
Fibreglass insulation was selected, as it had a high recycled content.
RENEWABLE
RESOURCES
CONTENT
ECONOMIC FACTORS
The cost variance for the project verified that with the exception of the woven wool carpet, the use
of environmentally preferred materials was achievable within the planned project budget. The
research also discovered that supply of the recommended products would not extend the project
timeline.
PAGE F9

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #3 ENTERPRISE PROPERTY GROUP

LOCATION: TORONTO, ONTARIO
CONTACT: SHELDON LEVITT 416-598-1240
PROJECT OVERVIEW
In 1993 the Enterprise Property Group, one of Canadas largest property managers, decided to
relocate its offices within the same University Avenue building they occupied. Quadrangle
Architects were commissioned to plan a limited upgrade to the 15,000 square foot office space.
Environmental considerations were to be incorporated into the design of the upgrade within budget
limitations.
Even though the project timeline was tight, the objective was to be as comprehensive as possible,
while maintaining a realistic standard that could be adapted to clients in the future.
The following section summarizes the environmental modifications that were incorporated into this
project.
EFFICIENCY
Deep-cell parabolic light fixtures with electronic ballasts were

incorporated to reduce energy consumption.
Photocell and occupancy sensors were also used to reduce energy

consumption.
Doors and hardware from the demolished area were reused within
the construction project.
ENERGY
REUSABLE
PAGE F11

(APPENDIX F)
RECYCLED
Artwork was specifically commissioned that maintained the

environmental theme. Pieces were created from recycled glass,
coils of wire and pussy willows.
Carpets in the executive office and meeting rooms were

manufactured from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
plastic.
Resilient flooring in the service rooms is a solid vinyl

manufactured from recycled car seats.
The ceiling tiles were selected from the highest possible recycled
content.
Gypsum wallboard was selected for recycled content.
The reception area floor is poured terrazzo, which was

specifically chosen to reduce the use of chemicals and adhesives
and to lower the VOC content.
The reception desk has been constructed with urea-formaldehydefree medium density fibreboard (MDF).
Walls in the main entrance have been detailed in artist-applied

plaster, which is an environmentally benign product.
CONTENT
LOWERED VOC
EMISSIONS
REDUCED
FORMALDEHYDE
EMISSIONS
REDUCED
TOXICITY
PAGE F12

(APPENDIX F)
RENEWABLE
The floor and countertops in the staff room are covered with linoleum
manufactured from renewable resources.
RESOURCES
ECONOMIC FACTORS
The project was completed within the tight timeline required and within the projected construction
budget of $21 per square foot.
Financial savings generated by the energy-efficient lighting fixtures represented a clear savings
within two years. The owners of the building have since incorporated Enterprises lighting standard
into all new leasehold improvements.
Other economic benefits have also been achieved. Employee absenteeism declined nine per cent
between 1993 and 1994 and an increase in productivity was noted.
PAGE F13

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #4 THE WESTGATE ANNEX OF THE OAKALLA

PRISON COMPLEX
LOCATION: BRITISH COLUMBIA BUILDING CORPORATION, BRITISH COLOMBIA
CONTACT: 604-387-7324
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The British Columbia Ministry of the Environment predicts that 60 per cent of the landfill sites in
BC will close within the next 10 years. In order to expand the expected life of the current landfill
sites, the Greater Vancouver Regional District has set a waste reduction goal of 50 per cent by the
year 2000.
The British Columbia Building Corporation (BCBC) decided that it should show corporate
leadership in the area of waste reduction. It is recognized that the burial of construction waste
consumes large quantities of limited landfill space and wastes natural resources. Therefore, it was
decided to dismantle the Westgate Annex of the Oakalla Prison as a green-demolition pilot project.
The primary goal of the project was to demonstrate that green demolition is economically feasible
and that it is possible to divert demolition waste from landfill through reuse options and recycling
facilities.
The main cellblock of the Oakalla Prison was constructed between 1912 and 1915. Other additions
had been added to the complex over the next 50-odd years. However, by 1991 the facilities had
become outdated and were no longer able to accommodate modern programs. Thus it was decided
to demolish the facility and develop the land into residential housing and green space. The Westgate
Annex of the complex had been constructed between 1963 and 1964. The Annex housed a license
plate manufacturing shop, a shoe-repair shop, a tailor shop and warehouse space. The Annex was
24.4 m x 45.7 m (80 ft x 150 ft). Exterior walls were constructed of concrete block with columns
that had 3-metre centres. There was a concrete floor, tongue-and-groove roof decking, and
laminated-fir-beam roof joists, which had an average measure of 152 mm x 610 mm x 12.2 m
(6 in x 24 in x 40 ft). The interior walls had been constructed of hemlock and plywood. The
windows were covered with 1.27 cm (1/2 in) steel bars. The Westgate Annex was closed in October
of 1990. A specialized contractor completed asbestos removal in October of 1991 and the actual
demolition commenced November 1, 1991. It took six weeks to complete.
During the demolition, materials were sorted and stockpiled in a designated area on site. As the
demolition progressed, garage sales were held that permitted the general public and other
contractors to purchase materials. Other materials were salvaged and sent directly to available
recycling facilities.
PAGE F15

(APPENDIX F)
The following is a detailed description of the disposal options used.

PROCEDURES
REUSABLE
RECYCLABLE
The drywall was manually stripped from the interior walls.
Lumber was manually stripped to allow for capture of as much

material as possible.
Tar and gravel on the roof were manually removed to allow for
effective reuse options.
Salvageable pieces of drywall and lumber were sent to the on-site

garage sale.
Lighting fixtures, electrical panels and plumbing fixtures were

salvaged for reuse and sold through the garage sale.
A landscaping contractor reused the gravel from the roof.
The roof decking was manually removed, de-nailed and reused at a

number of different locations for storage sheds.
The beams were carefully lowered by forklift and sold for reuse.
Seventy-five percent of the concrete blocks were dismantled into

one-metre sections and donated to a local boys club for reuse as a
storage shed.
Any unsold drywall and lumber was shipped to local recycling

facilities.
The heat exchanger was salvaged for the copper contained in the core.
The remaining 25 per cent of the concrete blocks were crushed and
used for aggregate.
The concrete slabs were crushed and used for aggregate.
The buildings footing contained a large percentage of wire and could

not be used as aggregate. It was used as a sub-base for a private road.
PAGE F16

(APPENDIX F)
TABLE 1 MATERIAL DIVERSION: GREEN DEMOLITION VS. TRADITIONAL DEMOLITION

Traditional Demolition
3
Green Demolition
3
Wood
Concrete
Scrap Metal
Tar and Gravel Roof
Drywall
Recycled (m )
0
168
0
0
11.5
Landfilled (m )
1,422
497
46
73
0
Recycled (m )
1,376
605
46
12
11.5
Landfilled (m )
46
0
0
61
0
Total
179.5 (8%)
2,038 (92%)
2,113.5 (95%)
107 (5%)
The high percentage of tar and gravel roofing landfilled was due to the fact that the fibreglass
insulation on the roof had been impregnated with tar and was unsalvageable. In a standard
demolition, 92 per cent of the demolition material would have been sent to landfill. This project
was able to divert 95 per cent of the material. A summary of the demolition appears in Table 2
below.
TABLE 2 MATERIAL DIVERSIONS
Materials Sent To
Landfill
Wood
Tar and Gravel Roof
46 m
3
61 m
Materials Salvaged and/or Recycled

38 x 140 x 600 mm
10 mm plywood
38 x 89 mm
38 x 89 mm
38 x 235 mm
38 x 286 mm
Gyprock
Window units
Doors, lights, electrical, furnace,
and fans
Misc. items
Roof gravel
Glulam beams
Window bars and timber
Wood decking
Wood decking with damage
Scrap metal
Cement blocks
Concrete
Crushed concrete
150 units
70 units
60 units
18 units
10 units
50 units
2,560 units
28 units
All
Unspecified
3
12 m
30 units
26 units
2
1,620 m
2
520 m
2
1,887 m
1,590 units
3
200 m
3
242 m
PAGE F17

(APPENDIX F)
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Contractors that had been asked to submit bids for this project were initially asked for a bid for
standard demolition, along with a separate bid that would utilize reuse and recycling options. The
tender request clearly indicated that the only waste that could be sent to landfill was material that
did not have a reuse or recycling option. The successful contractor submitted a quotation where the
green demolition price was 35 per cent lower than the standard demolition quotes.
The final analysis of the project indicates that the additional time and revenues received from the
sale of the demolished materials offset labour costs incurred during the salvage operations. For a
demolition of this type to be successful, careful planning is required by both the building owner and
the contractor.
Both the building owner and the contractor agreed that a demolition of this type can be costeffective and successful, providing markets for salvaged waste materials continue to grow.
Further economic benefits can be achieved if a new project is planned for the existing site that
utilizes the demolished materials.
PAGE F18

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #5 INAC DAYCARE

LOCATION: LES TERRASSES DE LA CHAUDIERE, HULL, QUEBEC
CONTACT: MICHAEL BRUM 613-235-5060
PROJECT OVERVIEW
2
This 357 m daycare facility is designed to provide daycare facilities for 60 children. The children
range in age from six months to five years. The facility is located on the ground floor of a 28-storey
office tower. There are large exterior windows on the south facade and a few smaller windows on
the north facade. A cafeteria had previously occupied this space.
During the planning stage, it was decided that this project would incorporate environmentally
preferred approaches to design, construction and operation. With these goals in mind, it was
decided that the project would specifically address the following issues:
environmentally preferred construction practices and procedures would be incorporated;

construction materials would be chosen to minimize airborne contaminants and VOC
emissions;
where possible, existing building components would be reused;
where possible, new materials would be manufactured with recycled content or would
contain recyclable components;
where possible, water and energy resources would be conserved;
indoor air quality would be improved as much as possible within the limitations of the
existing HVAC system; and
all environmental improvements would be reached within the standard budget for similar
daycare facilitates.
RESPONSIBLE
PROCEDURES
The contractor was required to use CMHC Document NHA 6719

Construction and the Environment as the basis for the waste reduction
strategy.
A waste-reduction plan was submitted prior to commencement of

construction.
As local facilities did not exist for gypsum recycling, scrap gypsum and
wallboard cut-offs were stored within the partition walls. This practice
reduces landfill material and provides additional thermal mass for heat
retention.
All construction waste was sorted for recycling and disposal.
PAGE F19

(APPENDIX F)
LOWERED VOC
EMISSIONS
The construction site was cleaned of dust daily.
The HVAC system was subjected to a thorough cleaning before

occupancy. All existing ductwork was thoroughly cleaned and existing
filters changed.
All wall outlets were vacuumed clean before the installation of the cover
plates.
All existing concrete surfaces above the ceiling grid were paint sealed.
Where possible, local materials were selected. This measure reduced the
embodied energy of the project and contributed towards energy
conservation.
Child-sized recycling stations provide for separation of recyclable

materials at source.
Medium-density fibreboard and low-emission particleboard were

selected.
All exposed surfaces of core materials were sealed with a VOC-free

paint.
Where possible, inert materials or materials with the lowest possible

emission rates of VOCs were selected. These selections were based on
scientific test data.
All adhesives used on site and in millwork were latex based, low-VOC
compounds. These products were free of petroleum solvents.
The paint used on this site was a solvent-free latex-based paint.

However, it should be noted that the paint was tinted, which increased
the VOC content.
Plants at the exterior windows provide bio-regenerative air filtration.

Plants were selected for their ability to remove VOCs and were selected
based on research conducted by the NASA Aerospace Program.
PAGE F20

(APPENDIX F)
REUSABLE
RECYCLED
CONTENT
ENERGY
The existing ceiling grid was removed, cleaned and reinstalled.

However, the existing ceiling tiles had become too damaged through
previous use to allow for restoration.
The existing fluorescent light fixtures were removed, cleaned and

reinstalled.
The exterior play area was surfaced with a product manufactured from
recycled rubber.
The insulation materials contain a minimum 40 per cent recycled

content.
Interior wallboard contains recycled gypsum and recycled newsprint.
Exterior wallboard contains recycled gypsum.
Removable interior area carpets are manufactured from recycled

polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic.
Steel studs used for all interior partitions contain a minimum 30 per
cent recycled content.
All hot- and cold-water lines were insulated to reduce heat

transference.
SAVINGS
LOWERED
WATER
Where possible, low-low fixtures were installed.
Infrared sensor faucets were installed on the childrens sinks to reduce

water usage.
PAGE F21

(APPENDIX F)
CONSUMPTION
ENERGY
Where possible, appliances are low-energy consumption rated.
The air induction fan is solar powered.
Lighting requirements are achieved through the use of natural daylight

and fluorescent fixtures.
All plants are watered by sub-irrigation rather than surface application,

to reduce spore and mould growth.
All cleaning products used in the facility are environmentally

sensitive.
Linoleum flooring material was selected for its biodegradability.
EFFICIENCY
ANIT-MICROBIAL
TREATMENTS
REDUCED
TOXICITY
DEGRADABILITY
ECONOMIC FACTORS
This project was able to successfully demonstrate that environmentally sensitive design can be
achieved within the time and fiscal restraints of a project of this type. The initiatives incorporated
into this project did not add significantly to the overall cost of the project.
It should be noted that the project implementation team feels that the success of this project was
the result of thorough research and communication during the development stage of the project.
PAGE F22

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #6 FIRST HERITAGE SAVINGS,

TOWN CENTRE BRANCH
LOCATION: ABBOTSFORD, BRITISH COLUMBIA
CONTACT: THOMAS ANNANDALE 604-682-6881
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The First Heritage Savings Credit Union deigned the branch at 32711 South Fraser Way to serve as
2
2
their flagship branch. This 1,021.9 m (11,000 ft ) branch was designed to provide the latest in
banking services while maintaining the credit union image of efficiency and stability. The building
is a two-storey structure that incorporates the most effective building techniques and materials to
improve the overall quality of the building.
The design team for the project instituted energy-efficient products, systems and controls in the
building design to achieve maximum energy efficiency. However, the owners also wanted to create
a building that would provide a comfortable environment for both customers and staff.
ENERGY
SAVINGS
The steel building is constructed with curtain wall glazing, insulatedmetal wall panels and stone-veneer walls.
A large skylight located over the centre of the building allows for
infiltration of natural daylight.
Perimeter glazing consists of a thermally broken curtain wall frame

system, double-glazed with low-e, gray tinted glass.
Interior glazed partitions allow for utilization of daylight from both

the perimeter walls and the skylight.
The metal-clad and veneer walls contain R20 insulation.
The roof has been insulated to an R24 value.
An entrance vestibule limits infiltration of outside unclimatized air.
Sheer-woven fabric solar blinds have been installed to reduce the sun
load from the west-facing windows.
PAGE F23

(APPENDIX F)
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Reducing the number of lamps utilized reduced the heat load and, as
a result, air-conditioning requirements were also reduced.
Interior and exterior zones have been closely matched to maximize

efficiency.
A programmable exterior time clock controls exterior lighting.
Luminaries contain reflectors to direct light downwards onto work

surfaces. This feature reduced the number of luminaries required to
achieve the desired illumination.
Luminaries were fitted with electronic ballasts to provide for efficient

energy use.
The recessed down-lighting and exit signs are 70 per cent more
efficient than standard incandescent lamps.
Photoelectric day-lighting controls were installed in the areas affected

by the skylight and in the areas that receive daylight from the exterior
perimeter glazing.
All lighting is locally switched or photo-electrically controlled.
The building is heated and cooled by a water-source heat pump

system. The water-source heat pump was selected for its ability to
provide excellent zone control and its ability to transfer heat between
zones.
Programmable thermostats that allow temperatures to be controlled

based upon hours of operation control the heat-pump system.
PAGE F24

(APPENDIX F)
ECONOMIC FACTORS
As a result of the efforts made towards energy efficiency during the design of this building, the
2
building was awarded the 1993 Power Smart Design Excellence Award in the under 4,645 m
category for commercial buildings. The following table provides a summary of the energy saved
by the incorporated features.
TABLE 4 SAVINGS: ENERGY-EFFICIENT VERSUS STANDARD FIXTURE INSTALLATION
Feature
Building Envelope
Glazing
Insulation
Lighting System
General Lighting
Exit Signs
Controls
HVAC System
Heat Pump
Controls
Total Estimated Savings
Installed Energy-Efficient
Measures
Energy Use Reduced By (%)
Low-e glazing
R24 Roof and walls
Reduces heat loss 10-30%

Reduces heat loss 10-30%
Fluorescent lighting/electronic
ballasts
Re-electrolyzed luminaries
Compact fluorescent lights
Photo-electric day-lighting controls
Localized lighting switches and
photo-electric control monitored
by programmable time clock
15-70%
Water-source heat pump system

Programmable thermostats
throughout
Up to 10%
10%
Up to 15%
70%
Up to 30%
Up to 15%
57,000 kWh
* Savings listed are given as a percentage of technology energy use when compared to standard building
practices
PAGE F25

(APPENDIX F)
CASE STUDY #7 GREEN ON THE GRAND

LOCATION: KITCHENER-WATERLOO, ONTARIO
CONTACT: STEPHEN CARPENTER 519-743-8777
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Green on the Grand is Canadas first project under the CANMET C-2000 program. The facility
is fully occupied by Hybrid Turkeys, MTE Consultants, Enermodal Engineering and Sommerfeld
2
Commercial Realty. The building is two storeys with a total area of 2,180 m . The building shape is
two rectangles that are offset. The use of this configuration increased the buildings exterior
surface, which allowed for maximum use of natural daylight. The area where the two rectangles
join and overlap was minimized to increase the natural daylighting options. This area was used to
accommodate rooms that would have minimal occupancy, such as the central corridor, elevator,
stairwell and washrooms.
The Green on the Grand is barrier-free. Entrances are at grade level, and exterior doors have
automatic opening systems. Eight large dormer windows allow daylight to reach almost all areas
of the second floor. The roof has been steeply pitched, which will provide for longer life and
lowered maintenance than a conventional flat roof.
The C-2000 program had established itemized guidelines that cover energy efficiency,
environmental impact, occupant health and comfort, durability and functionality. The Green on the
Grand project team set the following objectives for the project compared with conventional
facilities:
a minimum of 50 per cent reduction in energy use;

a 60 per cent reduction in electrical consumption and peak demand, to the standard outlined
in ASHRAE 90.1 observation testing;
a 70 per cent reduction in water usage;
where possible, recycled and re-used materials that have alternative disposal options
following first use were utilized;
the use of materials from renewable resources;
the avoidance of CFCs and HCFCs;
minimal waste sent to landfill; and
superior interior air quality.
PAGE F27

(APPENDIX F)
ENERGY
The building envelope has been constructed to be air tight and has an
R-value that is close to three times normal values. This has
contributed to approximately 40 per cent savings on heating costs.
The exterior walls contain double-studded construction, which allowed

for the inclusion of additional insulation. The double studding also
reduced thermal bridging, as wood is less conductive than steel. The
exterior walls were able to provide an insulated area over the ring joist
at floor edge.
The seams in the air/vapour barrier are overlapped and sealed with
acoustical caulking.
The exterior walls have been covered with 50 mm of expanded

polystyrene insulation finished with stucco. This exterior insulation
system provides a layer over all studs and thermal bridges.
The slab-on-grade first floor has been insulated on the underside with
50 mm EPS to reduce heat loss.
Windows are triple-glazed, with two low-e coatings, two argon gas fills
and two silicone edge-spacers. Window frames are pultruded fibreglass
lineal filled with polystyrene insulation.
Windows have been sized to allow for the use of natural daylight.
The main entrance doors have a 13 mm thermal break. The door glazing
system is similar in construction to the windows.
The rear insulated steel door has a wood edge and a high performanceglazing unit for reduced heat loss.
Glazing at the entranceways allows daylight to provide ambient lighting

in the first- and second-floor corridors.
Some offices have translucent-fabric roller blinds that admit diffused

light and that reduce glare.
Other offices have horizontal blinds with concave slats that deflect light
into the rear areas of perimeter offices.
SAVINGS
PAGE F28

(APPENDIX F)
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Glass walls between the perimeter offices and the interior spaces allow
natural light to filter into larger areas. Some glazing has an electrochromic coating that can be switched from clear to white if privacy is
required.
A high-efficiency direct vent heats hot water for the bathrooms and
kitchen areas. The wall-mounted gas boiler is connected to a small tank
for storage.
All areas that are artificially lit use energy-efficient fixtures.
Most light fixtures have electronic ballasts. These lights use 35 per cent
less electricity than 40W tubes with magnetic ballasts, without diminished
lighting quality.
Lights are controlled by a modulating dimming system. This system

allows desired light levels to be maintained. Lights dim on bright days and
brighten on darker days.
Motion sensors and timers ensure that lights are on only when required.
Compact fluorescent fixtures are used for task and accent lighting.
Halogen spotlights with parabolic reflectors are used for task lighting.
Energy-efficient high-pressure sodium lights light the parking lot, and

motion detectors control exterior security lighting.
Exit lights are solid state LEDs and consume less than 1.5 watts.
Exterior signage is powered through photovoltaics.
The combination of daylighting, task lighting and energy-efficient fixtures

has reduced the electricity usage to only 50 per cent of the demand
typically required by similar offices.
The dishwasher in the kitchen area was properly sized for small loads and
is the most energy- and water-efficient model available.
PAGE F29

(APPENDIX F)
RENEWABLE
Water-based radiators provide space heating and cooling. As water is a

more efficient heat-transfer medium than air, the motor energy needed to
move heat through water is less than it is to move heat through air ducts.
The water radiators allow for effective temperature zone control through
control valves.
As conventional finned radiators could not meet the building-cooling

load, radiant ceiling-panels were used. The system was properly sized to
meet the peak-cooling load with the panels covering 30 per cent of the
ceiling area. Dehumidifying ventilation air prevents condensation on the
panels.
As the ceiling spaces of the entrances were too small to accommodate the
ceiling panels, these areas are heated and cooled by water-based fan coil
units.
The water is both heated and cooled by an energy-efficient natural-gasfired boiler/absorption-chiller. The boiler operates at 85 per cent
efficiency, the highest level achievable by a boiler.
Engineered wood was used for the structural support system. Laminated
strand lumber and laminated veneer lumber is strong, dimensionally stable
and does not contain urea formaldehyde.
The shallow-pitched areas of the roof are supported with premanufactured wooden trusses. The trusses are manufactured from smalldimension lumber that utilizes lumber from young, fast-growing trees
rather than lumber taken from old-growth forests.
Although most windows are fixed to provide for maximum energy

efficiency, 10 per cent of the windows are operable to allow for tenant
control of exterior air.
Finger-jointed wood has been used for wood trim.
Linoleum was used for much of the floor space.
In one tenant space, interior walls and office dividers are made from
straw-filled building panels. These panels, which meet the fire code, are
75 mm-thick straw-medium covered with paper on each side.
RESOURCES
PAGE F30

(APPENDIX F)
RECYCLED
CONTENT
REDUCED
Wall cavities have been filled with cellulose insulation that has been
manufactured from 100 per cent recycled newspapers.
The cathedral ceiling of the second storey has been insulated with
350 mm mineral wool-batts manufactured with 50 per cent slag steel
waste.
Flat ceiling areas have been insulated with 450 mm blown cellulose fibre
manufactured with 100 per cent recycled content.
Interior walls are covered with gypsum board made from 100 per cent
recycled content. Eighty per cent of the board is DSG, a by-product of
flue-gas desulphurization at coal-fired thermal generation stations and
20 per cent is recycled drywall.
Outdoor furniture was manufactured from recycled plastic.
One hundred tonnes of crushed concrete were used as drainage material.
Basement walls have been covered with polyethylene sheeting for

waterproofing. This procedure eliminated the use of tar, which can be a
source of soil contamination.
All walls are painted with VOC -free paints.
Some offices are decorated with cellulose-based, textured wall covering.

This product does not contain glues or fungicides that can adversely affect
indoor air quality.
All flooring adhesives are VOC-free.
TOXICTY
LOWERED VOC
EMISSIONS
PAGE F31

(APPENDIX F)
LOWERED WATER
The cooling tower for the building is a stormwater retention pond in

front of the building. The pond can fluctuate as much as 150 mm
without the addition of well water. The use of the pond conserves
3
approximately 500 m of water per year.
Toilets, urinals and showers are all low water-use fixtures. The toilets
use 6 litres of water per flush compared to 13 litres for a typical toilet.
The washrooms and kitchen are located in the common area where
the two rectangles of the building meet. This close proximity
eliminates the need for a hot-water re-circulation loop in the
plumbing system. This reduced the water heating demand by 20 per
cent.
All urinals, faucets and showerheads have infrared sensors that shut
the water off when the fixture is not in use.
Some in-suite doors were reclaimed from a renovated office building.
Scrap wood generated during the construction process was used for
blocking or was chipped and used for landscape mulch.
Most of the furniture was previously used and refurbished for reuse.
CONSUMPTION
REUSABLE
REFURBISHABLE
PAGE F32

(APPENDIX F)
REDUCED
Cabinetry within the building has been constructed from ureaformaldehyde-free particleboard.
The kitchen contains the first North American-made CFC-free

refrigerator.
Numerous types of construction waste were sent to either public or

private recycling facilities. Cardboard, glass, paper and metal were
sent to municipal facilities, while waste drywall was sent to a
private recycling facility operated by a drywall manufacturer.
FORMALDEHYDE
EMISSIONS
REDUCED OZONE
DEPLETION
RECYCLABLE
ECONOMIC FACTORS
An economic analysis of the Green on the Grand considered three factors: construction costs, lease
rates and market acceptance of the office space. The project compared favourably to conventional
office space in all of these areas.
It is estimated that 50 per cent less operating energy will be required compared to a building
designed to ASHRAE 90.1 guidelines. The Green on the Grand has managed to reduce water
consumption by per cent over a conventional building. The anticipated annual utility bill (gas,
2
water, electricity and sewer) is $3.85/m or $8,400, a reduction of 42 per cent of the estimated costs
for an ASHRAE 90.1-designed building.
PAGE F33

(APPENDIX F)
TABLE 1: PREDICTED ANNUAL UTILITY COSTS

Component
Green On the
Grand
Conventional New
Office Building
% of Savings
Space Heating
Space Cooling
Water Heating
Receptacle
Loads
Lighting
Pumps and Fans
Water and
Sewer
TOTAL COSTS
$1,105.00
$863.00
$86.00
$2,715.00
$1,874.00
$132.00
59
54
35
$2,796.00
$3,855.00
27
$1,978.00
$855.00
$720.00
$6,534.00
$2,099.00
$210.00
70
59
72
$8,403.00
$19,819.00
58
In addition to the economic savings, construction practices reduced waste by approximately 70 per
cent. The building also consumed fewer resources due to its reliance on reused and recycled-content
building and finishing products.
PAGE F34
APPENDIX G
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE
NATIONAL MASTER SPECIFICATION
SECTIONS
The following pages include National Master Specification (NMS) sections that have been updated
to include environmentally responsible choices. These greened specifications are presented by
NMS section. As additional sections are revised to include environmental enhancements, they will
be added to updates of this guideline.
DIVISION 2
SITEWORK
DIVISION 3
CONCRETE
DIVISION 4
MASONRY
DIVISION 5
METALS
DIVISION 6
WOOD AND PLASTICS
DIVISION 7
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
DIVISION 8
DOORS AND WINDOWS
DIVISION 9
FINISHES
DIVISION 10
SPECIALTIES
DIVISION 11
EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 12
FURNISHINGS
DIVISION 13
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
DIVISION 14
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
DIVISION 15
MECHANICAL
DIVISION 16
ELECTRICAL
APPENDIX H
REFERENCES

(APPENDIX H)
REFERENCES
A Framework for the Attainment of Sustainable Construction,
The Sustainable Construction Conference,
Florida 1994.
A Guide to Green Government,
Environment Canada,
Ottawa 1995.
An Architects Guide for Sustainable Design of Office Building,
The Environmental Research Group,
School of Architecture, University of British Columbia and Public Works and Government
Services Canada Real Property Services,
March 1996.
A Primer on Sustainable Building,
Rocky Mountain Institute,
1995.
A Reference Guide to Resource Efficient Building Elements 4th Edition,
Center for Resourceful Building Technology,
Missoula, MT.
ASHRAE Handbook: 1985 Fundamentals,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers,
Atlanta, Georgia.
Building Environmental Components into Renovations and Refits,
John Gusdorf, Unpublished Research,
Ottawa 1993.
Building Environmental Performance Assessment Criteria (BEPAC),
Office Buildings, Version 1,
Ray Cole, University of British Columbia,
1993.
Building Materials for the Environmentally Hypersensitive,
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation,
1995.
PAGE H1

(APPENDIX H)
nd
Building Renewal Evaluation Guide (2 Draft),

Public Works and Government Services Canada,
Ottawa 1995.
Construction and the Environment, (Builders Series: NHA 6719),
Canada Mortgage and Housing, Public Affairs Centre,
Ottawa 1993.
Canadian Standards Association
CSA Plus 1115-95 Life-Cycle Review,
CSA Z754-94 Guideline for Pollution Prevention,
CSA Z760-94 Life-Cycle Assessment,
CSA Z760.1 Life-Cycle Review,
CSA Z761-93 Guideline on Environmental Labeling, Canadian Standards Association,
CSA Z762-95 Design for the Environment,
CSA Z766-95 Environmentally Responsible Procurement,
CSA Plus 8802-90 A General Guide on Procurement, Quality Assurance Standards and
Organizations.
Directions on Greening Government Operations,
Environment Canada,
Ottawa 1995.
Environmental Building Materials and Methods,
Ed Lowans, Recycling Council of Ontario,
1995.
Environmental by Design,
K. Leclair and D. Rousseau,
H & M Publishers, Point Roberts,
Washington 1992.
Environmental by Design,
Volume 1: Interiors a Sourcebook of Environmentally Aware Material Choices,
K. Leclair and D. Rousseau,
H & M Publishers, Point Roberts,
Washington 1992.
Environmentally Conscious Design Standards for Ontario Government Buildings,
Ministry of Government Services, Realty Group,
1993.
PAGE H2

(APPENDIX H)
Environmental Resource Guide,

American Institute of Architects (AIA),
Washington 1994.
Environmental Standards for Office Accommodation,
Public Works and Government Services,
Ottawa 1994.
Green Design,
Sustainable Development Association,
Montreal.
Green Renovations Guide (Draft),
Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada,
1996.
Guide to Resource Efficient Building Elements (GREBE),
S. Loken, W. Spurling and C. Price,
Center for Resourceful Building Technology,
1991.
Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design,
US Department of the Interior,
Denver 1993.
Healthy Housing: A Guide to a Sustainable Future,
Ottawa.
Healthy Housing: A Sustainable Approach,
Ottawa 1993.
Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide,
Health Canada,
Minister of Supply and Services,
1993.
PAGE H3

(APPENDIX H)
Indoor Air 93,

th
Proceedings of the 6 International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate,
Various authors, Vol. 2,
Helsinki, Finland, July 4-8, 1993.
Material Evaluation Report No. 11161,
Canada Mortgage and Housing,
1988.
PWGSC Construction, Renovation and Demolition Protocol (Draft),
Environmental Services Directory,
Ottawa, March 1999.
Sustainable Development Strategy,
Solid Waste Management Reduction Strategy for Property Management Services,
Ottawa, Feb. 1996.
The Environmentally Responsible Construction and Renovation Handbook,
Environment Canada, Office of Federal Environmental Stewardship,
2000.
nd
The IAQ Product and Service Guide, 2 Edition,

Cutter Information Corp.,
Arlington, Massachusetts,
1993.
The National Waste Reduction Handbook,
National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy,
Ottawa 1992.
The Sourcebook for Sustainable Design,
A Guide to Environmentally Responsible Building Materials and Processes,
Andrew St. John, Architects for Social Responsibility,
Boston 1992.
ATHENA Sustainable Materials Institute,
12 Brock Street, Merrickville, Ontario, K0G 1N0
Tel: 613-269-3795
PAGE H4
APPENDIX I
CONTRIBUTORS

(APPENDIX H)
CONTRIBUTORS
Innovative Management Solutions Inc.
350 Sparks Street, Suite 309
Ottawa, ON K1R 7S8
Tel: 613-567-1877
Fax: 613-567-0577
Wade, Williams, Young & Wright
914 Gordon Street
Victoria, BC V8W 1Z8
Tel: 604-384-0504
Fax: 604-380-6811
Toby Russell Buckwell & Partners
1650 Alberni Street
Vancouver, BC V6G 1B1
Tel: 604-682-6881
Fax: 604-682-3081
Public Works and Government Services
Canada, Architectural and Engineering
Services, National Capital Operations
Place du Portage, Phase IV
140 Promenade du Portage
Hull, QC K1A 0M3
Public Works and Government Services
Canada, Environmental Services
Place du Portage, Phase 3, 8B3
Hull, QC K1A 0S5
Tel: 819-956-1553
Fax: 819-956-1130
H.H. Angus & Associates Ltd.
1127 Leslie Street
Don Mills, ON M3C 2J6
Tel: 416-443-8200
Fax: 416-443-8290
Smith and Andersen Consulting Engineering

505 Eglinton Avenue West
Toronto, ON M5N 1B1
Tel: 416-487-8151
Fax: 416-487-9104
Reid Crowther & Partners
300-4170 Still Creek Drive
Burnaby, BC V5C 6C6
Tel: 604-298-6181
Fax: 604-294-8597
D.M. Thomson Consultants Ltd.
1690 West Broadway
Vancouver, BC V6J 1X9
Tel: 604-738-4921
Fax: 604-738-4420
The Environmental Research Group
School of Architecture,
University of British Columbia
Rm 402 6333 Memorial Road,
Vancouver, BC C64 1Z2
Tel: 604-822-2779
Fax: 604-822-3808
British Columbia Building Corporation
4720 Kingsway Road,
Burnaby, BC V5H 4N2
Tel: Not Available
Fax: Not Available
Landscape Ontario
7856 5th Line Road S
Milton, ON L9T 2X8
Tel: 905-875-1805
Fax: 905-875-3942
PAGE I1

(APPENDIX H)
BNR Equipment
630 Dunlop Street W
Barrie, ON L4M 4S4
Tel: 705-722-8181
Fax: 705-722-3164
Bunting Coady Architects

500-342 Water Street
Vancouver, BC V6B 1B6
Tel: 604-685-9913
Fax: Not Available
Ontario New Home Warranty Program

1091 Gorham Road
Newmarket, ON L3Y 5G9
Tel: 905-836-5700
Fax: 905-836-5666
Canadian Wood Council

1400 Blair Place, Suite 210
Ottawa, ON K1J 9B8
Tel: 613-747-5544
Fax: 613-747-6264
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

700 Montreal Road,
Ottawa ON K1A 0P7
Tel: 613-748-2000
Fax: 613-748-2098
Canadian Steel Producers Association

50 OConnor Street, Suite 1425
Ottawa, ON K1P 6L2
Tel: 613-238-6049
Fax: 613-238-1832
Canadian Home Builders Association,

150 Laurier Avenue E,
Ottawa, ON K1P 5J4
Tel: 613-230-3060
Fax: 613-232-8214
Vinyl Council of Canada

5925 Airport Road
Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1W1
Tel: 905-678-7748
Fax: 905-678-0774
Canadian Construction Research Board

BLG M20-1200 Montreal Road
Ottawa, ON
Tel: 613-993-2422
Fax: Not Available
Honeywell Limited
Home and Building Control
740 Ellesmere Road
Scarborough, ON M1P 2V9
Tel: 416-293-8111
Fax: 416-297-4277
The Canadian Institute of Treated Wood

2141 Thurston Drive, Suite 202
Ottawa, ON K1G 6C9
Tel: 613-737-4337
Fax: 613-247-0540
Ed Lower & Brian Greenburg

115 DuPont Street
Toronto, ON M5R 1V4
Tel: 416-961-6891
Fax: 416-961-3881
Wayne Bennett
Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton
111 Lisgar Street, Cartier Square
Ottawa, ON K2P 2L7
Tel: 560-2050
Fax: 560-6009
PAGE I2

(APPENDIX H)
City of Kamloops
Engineering Division
105 Seymour Street
Kamloops, BC V2C 2C6
Tel: 604-828-3458
Fax: 604-828-0952
Fisher Leff & Associates
353 Dalhousie Street
Ottawa, ON K1N 7G1
Tel: Not Available
Fax: Not Available
PAGE I3

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Tables and Figures

Environmental Impact Evaluation Criteria

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

American Institute of Architects

ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers

American Society for Testing and Materials

Building Environmental Performance Assessment Criteria

Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species

Construction, Renovation and Demolition

Canadian Environmental Industry Strategy

Canadian Energy Management and Environmental Training Program

Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation

Canadian Standards Association

Efficiency and Alternative Energy Branch

Environmental Accountability Program

Environmental Choice Program

Energy Service Company

Federal Buildings Initiative

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Indoor Air Quality

International Organization for Standardization

National Building Code

National Master Specification

National Master Specification Secretariat

National Research Council

Natural Resources Canada

Office of Federal Environmental Stewardship

Ontario Reality Corporation

Public Works and Government Services Canada

Real Property Services (of PWGSC)

Scientific Certification Systems

Sustainable Development Strategy

Volatile Organic Compound

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

Facilities planning, design, construction, renovation, repair, operation and maintenance,

2.0 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDELINE

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

Green Renovation Guide; Environment Canada, and Public Works and

4.0 DESIGNING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

initial design and specification development process. To provide a balanced,

5.0 CORE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Depletable Material Resources: Reduce the use of depletable and non-renewable

Conservation: Reduce the use of energy and water.

Hazardous Materials: Eliminate or reduce the use of hazardous materials and/or

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION CRITERIA

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

Raw Material Acquisition;

Life-cycle evaluation relationships, in terms of the inputs, outputs and resulting

Reference: CSA Z762-95 and CSA Z760-94

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

Standards and Guidelines

Life Cycle Stages

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmentally Enhanced Design Measures

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

(See Appendix A for Definitions)

NMS GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE

7.0 CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS