PRESENT SIMPLE

Se folosete prezentul simplu pentru a vorbi despre fapte care sunt in general adevrate i rutine
in special cnd specificam ct de des.
Ex: The planets go round the sun.
Venus orbits the sun.
Flowers bloom in the spring.
Sound travels al 332 metres per second.
My father never gets up late
I have breakfast al eight oclock.
The Prime Minister always addresses parliament on Tuesday.
I dont smoke.
They never take their holidays in the summer.
Se folosete uneori in istorisirea de povesti sau glume despre trecut
Ex: I walk into the shop and ask for the ring and the woman behind the counter tells me theyre closed!
Se folosete in comentarii cnd se descrie scurte aciuni ndeplinite cum au fost descrise
Ex: So, now I break the egg, add it to the other ingredients and put the mixture in the pan.
Se poate folosi la exprimarea viitorului cnd se refera la un timp anume
Ex: Our bus arrives at 11.15 on Wednesday morning.
Our plane leaves at 6 am tomorrow morning.
The film starts al 8 pm.
School starts again next Monday.
Se poate folosi dup if, when, until, as soon as, before, after, cnd o alta parte a propoziiei indic
viitorul
Ex: Well have plenty of time for lunch if the train arrives on time.
When you get here, well visit the museum.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
se folosete cnd se vorbete despre aciuni ce se petrec in acel moment
Hi! What are you two doing?
Nothing really. Were just talking.
se folosete cnd se vorbete despre aciuni dintr-un prezent mai lung(dar tot temporal)
Ex: Are you doing anything interesting these days?
Yes. Im learning to drive.
pentru situai care se schimb
Ex: Your English is improving!
pentru a te plnge despre o situaie temporala
Ex: Youre eating my ice cream!
chiar si despre obiceiuri folosindu-se mereu always
Ex: My sisters always wearing my clothes!
unele verbe (stative verbs) nu sunt folosite in mod normal in forma continua
Ex: That soup smells great!
I think hes a composer.
Vb: appear, seem,
believe, realise, suppose, think, recognise, understand, know, remember, see (=understand)
dislike, hate, prefer, love, like, want, wish
hear, sound, smell, taste
own, possess, belong, include, need, owe
mean, matter, surprise
Totui unele dintre acestea pot fi folosite intr-un sens diferit ce verbe de aciune. Atunci pot lua
forma continua
Ex: Why are you smelling your food? Is something wrong?

Be quiet a minute, Im thinking!

se folosete pt viitor cnd se vorbete despre aranjamente fixe din viitor(in general nu se poate
folosi pentru a nlocui will
Ex: Are you meeting the director tomorrow?
Yes. Im seeing him at 11 oclock.

PAST SIMPLE
se folosete pentru aciuni ce au avut loc in trecut la un moment determinat
Ex: France won the World Cup in 1998.
in special pentru o serie de aciuni terminate
Ex: The girl walked out of the house, got into the car and drove off.
sau pentru aciuni repetate
Ex: She stopped three times for petrol and arrived in Vienna 24 hours later.
Trecutul este fie indicat (1998) fie sugerat (at the time of the story/ at the time were talking
about)
Adv: two days ago, last week, yesterday

PAST CONTINUOUS
Se folosete pentru a descrie o scen din trecut
Ex: We were late and when we got there people were talking, drinking and eating, and some were dancing
to the band, which was playing a tango.
Se folosete cnd se vorbete despre ceva care s-a ntmplat deja la un moment din trecut
Ex: At eight oclock last night, I was watching Tv.
Se folosete in situaii ntrerupte de past simple
Ex: The old miner was looking for water when he saw the gold.
Observai diferenele dintre: When I got there, Mary was leaving (ea era pe punctul de a pleca
oricum) i When I got there, Mary left (a plecat dup ce am venit, din cauza mea)

THE FUTURE

WILL

GOING TO

Se folosete will pentru viitor n general i mai ales pentru

o predicii
Ex: Youll love Budapest!
o promisiuni
Ex: I wont tell anyone your secret
o oferte
Ex: Well help you with the washing up, Mum.
o cereri
Ex: Will you give me a ride to school tomorrow?
o

Se folosete GOING TO pentru a vorbe despre

planuri
Ex: My brothers going to visit London soon.
intenii
Ex: Im going to buy that magazine.
Atunci cnd sunt prezente dovezi ale unei predicii

Ex: Were on the last lap and Schumachers going to win the Hungarian Grand
Prix!
o De cele mai multe ori cnd going to este folosit cu verbul go verbul este omis.
Ex: Im going (to go) for a ride. Do you want to come?
o Observai diferenele dintre inteniile si deciziile luate in acel moment
Im going to have lunch at the cafeteria.
Good idea! I think Ill come with you.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
o Se folosete present continuous s se vorbeasc despre argumente fixe din viitor.
Ex: Are you meeting the director tomorrow?
Yes. Im seeing him at 11 oclock.
o n general nu se poate folosi present continuous in loc de will.
Ex: Itll be cold tomorrow.
She will be twenty on 3rd May.
He wont expect that!

PRESENT SIMPLE
o
o

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
o
o
o

Se folosete present simple pentru a vorbi despre un orar cu referire la viitor

Ex: Our bus arrives at 11.15 on Wednesday morning.
Se mai poate folosi Present simple dup if, when, until, as soon as, before, after,
cnd o alta parte a propoziiei indic viitorul
Ex: Well have plenty of time for lunch if the train arrives on time.
When you get here, well visit the museum.
Se folosete future continuous pentru a vorbi despre aciuni care se vor ntmpla la
un moment din viitor
Ex: In three hours time, Ill be relaxing in the cafeteria with a cup of coffee.
Se mai poate folosi future continuous in mod similar cam se folosete present continuous
pentru viitor dar cu mai mult accent pe elementul de viitor
Ex: Weve enjoyed our stay and well be coming back again next year.
Se mai poate folosi si cum present continuous nu poate pentru a da ideea unui eveniment
ce este repetat in viitor
Ex: Hell be meeting a lot of different people in his new job.

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS

o

Se folosete future perfect simple sau continuous pentru ideea c ceva va fi terminat
intr-un moment al viitorului.
Ex: Youll have eaten all the biscuits before the guests arrive if you dont stop.
By the next month well have been living here for ten years.
Poate fi folosit n legtur cu un lucru din viitor n acelai fel cum prezent perfect
poate fi folosit pentru o perioad pn i ce poate include i prezentul. Se folosete
deseori by.
By the time Im 30, I will have spent more than four years watching television.
By the year 2020, we will have used 80% of the worlds oil.
ntmplrile din viitor care nu sunt prea sigure, aa ca acest timp este folosit dup
think, hope, expect, etc:
I think I will have finished my homework by seven oclock.
I expect we will have started a new book by this time next year.
I hope I will have found a job by the time I leave school.

IF clauses

Sunt propozitii subordonate introduse prin : if , unless (= if not ) ,

on condition (that) , in case (that) , provided (that) , providing (that) , supposing (that) ,
suppose (that) . [ unless este conjunctie negativa , deci verbul va fi la afirmativ ] . In
astfel de propozitii nu putem folosi viitorul sau conditionalul .

I.

Daca in propozitia principala avem viitor , prezent sau imperativ , dupa IF vom
avea prezent .
Conditia exprimata este reala si posibila (90% sanse de realizare).

Se refera la VIITOR , la o actiune care are aproape toate sansele sa se

realizeze .
Exemple : The pain will go if you take some medicine .
Where will you put your books if she takes your bookcase ?
The sun shines if there are no clouds in the sky .
People eat if they feel hungry .
Dont touch the wire if you dont have rubber soles (talpi) .
If you think the mushrooms are poisonous , dont eat them .

II.

Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional prezent ( would + Vb.I ) dupa IF

vom avea past tense . ( Pentru verbul TO BE este forma WERE la toate
persoanele ) .
Conditia exprimata este probabila si imaginara (~ 49% sanse) . Se refera la
PREZENT , la o actiune care s-ar putea realiza dar este foarte putin probabil .

Exemple : We wouldnt postpone the exam unless we could .

Providing Jack were here he would know what to do .
If I were you , I wouldnt turn him down ( a refuza) .
Where would she go for help in case she really needed it ?
OBS. Exista posibilitatea de a-l omite pe IF , in acest caz are loc inversiune dintre
auxiliar si subiect . Pentru regula a II-a , auxiliarul este should pentru verbele obisnuite
si were pentru verbul to be .
Exemple : Should I find some money I would pay the rent .
Were they eating , you would have to wait .
Should it start raining , how would you go on playing ?

III.

Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional perfect ( would have + Vb. III )
dupa IF vom avea past perfect .
Conditia exprimata este nereala si imposibila ( 0% sanse ) . Se refera la TRECUT ,
la o actiune care nu s-a realizat conform asteptarilor dar nu se poate modifica .

Exemple : How would you have reacted if you had been invited to the
principals office ?
If they had lost the match they would have been punished .
Suppose he had spoken in French , nobody would have
undestood him .
If she had been sleeping she couldnt have heard the phone .
Atentie ! : frazele conditionale de tipul III se pot traduce prin IMPERFECT.
Exemple : Cum reactionai daca erai invitat . ?
Daca pierdeau meciul .
Daca vorbea .. nimeni nu-l intelegea .
OBS . Il putem omite pe IF , facand in acest caz inversiunea dintre auxiliar (had)
si subiect .
Exemple :

Had they been late , everybody would have had a shock .

What would you have done , hadnt she told you the truth ?

EXCEPTII
A. Dupa IF putem folosi viitor sau conditional , daca se face referire la sansa .
Traducere : daca cumva , daca se va intampla sa , daca s-ar intampla sa , daca s-ar
fi intamplat sa , daca se intampla sa , daca din intamplare .
Exemple : If she will come to the party Ill give her the message .
If it will rain well have to cancel the picnic .
If they will be thirsty they will drink no matter what .
B. Pot exista fraze conditionale mixte , in care propozitia principala este la conditional
prezent ( regula II , se refera la prezent ) iar subordonata este la past perfect ( regula
III , se refera la trecut ) . Adica , o actiune se poate realiza su nu in prezent , pentru
ca o alta actiune s-a realizat sau nu in trecut .
Exemple : You would have a better job if you had learned English .
He wouldnt spend his young years in prison if he hadnt
killed that little girl .

She wouldnt pay so much now if she had driven more

carefully .