PowerFactory WhatsNew 15.1 en r1225

DIG
SILENT
PowerFactory
I N T E G R AT E D P O W E R S Y S T E M A N A LY S I S S O F T W A R E
DIgSILENT
PowerFactory 15.1
Whats New
DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9
72810 Gomaringen / Germany
Tel.: +49 (0) 7072-9168-0
Fax: +49 (0) 7072-9168-88
info@digsilent.de
Please visit our homepage at:

http://www.digsilent.de
Copyright 2013 DIgSILENT GmbH

All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form without permission
of DIgSILENT GmbH.
February 2014
r1225
CONTENTS
Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
Installation Directory and Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
User Log On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support Package Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Project Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Import of Integral files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1
Annotation Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Protection Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Neutral Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4
New Elements in Drawing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analysis Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1
DC Short-Circuit Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
Quasi Dynamic Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.3
Simplified Time Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.4
Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.5
Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.1
6
7.6
7.5.1
QZ Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.5.2
Output Data for Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Protection Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.6.1
Time-Overcurrent Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.6.2
Coordination Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.6.3
Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188 . . . . . . . . 17
7.7
Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.8
Optimal Manual Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.1
New Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New
CONTENTS
8.2
8.1.1
PV System (ElmPvsys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.1.2
Impulse Source (ElmImpulse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.1.3
DC Machine (ElmDcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.1.4
DC Battery (ElmBattery) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.1.5
Series RLC Filter (ElmSfilt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Model Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.1
2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.2
3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.3
Static Generator (ElmGenstat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.4
Synchronous Machine (ElmSym)
8.2.5
Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.6
Shunt Measurement Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.7
Station Controller (ElmStactrl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.8
Measurement Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.9
Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Python Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.1
PowerFactory Module in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.2
Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ii
INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION
Introduction
This document highlights the new key features and enhancements available in PowerFactory 15.1.
Installation and Configuration
PowerFactory 15.1 adheres to Microsofts guidelines for Windows desktop applications. This section
summarizes the most important changes.
2.1
Installation Directory and Workspace
Previous versions of PowerFactory used to combine the Installation directory and Data directory in
one common place: C:\DIgSILENT\pf150. Now, PowerFactory 15.1 properly distinguishes between
installation and data files.
The Installation Directory is usually created and modified exclusively by the PowerFactory Setup
or PowerFactory Service Packs. It contains all files provided by the installation such as executables, dynamic link libraries (dll), manuals etc. The default path is:
C:\Program Files\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1 or
C:\Program Files (x86)\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1.
The PowerFactory 15.1 configuration is stored in a readable format file (PowerFactory.ini) in
that path. Further, the PowerFactory executable file has been renamed to PowerFactory.exe
(see Figure 2.1).
Figure 2.1: Installation Directory Path
2.2
User Log On
The Workspace Directory contains all user data including the local database, result files and log
files. It is located within the Windows user profile in:
C:\Users\<Username>\AppData\Local\Digsilent\PowerFactory 15.1.
PowerFactory provides a function that exports the complete workspace into a compressed ZIP archive.
Additionally, there is a function to import a workspace archive. This offers several applications:
Simple and intuitive data backup and restore.
Data migration to a PowerFactory installation on a different computer.
Data migration to a newer PowerFactory version.
The workspace can be sent to DIgSILENT s Support Team in case of complicated problems.
Figure 2.2 shows the available Workspace functions. They are available in the Tools Workspace
submenu.
Figure 2.2: Workspace Functions
A function for importing workspaces from an existing 14.x or 15.0 PowerFactory version is available
too. Although Microsoft suggests storing the Workspace in the Windows user profile, it is possible to
configure an arbitrary folder for Workspace storage, e.g. F:\Data\My PowerFactory Workspace.
2.2
User Log On
On a workstation where only one user works with PowerFactory , it is not necessary to trouble the user
with a Log On dialogue. PowerFactory uses the Windows user name as default in the PowerFactory
database. The Log On dialogue will be shown only when really needed i.e. if there is more than one
user in the database and/or the user has set a password (see Figure 2.3).
2.3
Configuration
Figure 2.3: Log On Dialogue
Furthermore, a new function has been introduced to switch the logged in user directly from PowerFactory (e.g. to work as Administrator). This function is part of the Tools menu (see Figure 2.4).
Figure 2.4: Switch User Function
2.3
Configuration
In previous versions of PowerFactory the configuration was part of the Log On dialogue. Due to the
changes in the Log On procedure these settings have been moved into a separate configuration. In
PowerFactory 15.1 the configuration can be accessed with Tools Configuration... (see Figure 2.5).
SUPPORT PACKAGE FUNCTION
Figure 2.5: PowerFactory Configuration
As mentioned above, these configuration settings are stored in an ini file located in the installation directory (this method replaces the set.dz mechanism used in previous PowerFactory versions). Windows
administrator rights are required in order to change the configuration file.
For advanced users it is possible to change the configuration directly by editing the PowerFactory.ini
file.
Support Package Function
DIgSILENT provides PowerFactory support to users through the Customer Support Portal. In complicated cases the technical support engineer usually asks for configuration files, log files or other PowerFactory related system information. To simplify that procedure a function to create such a support
package has been introduced. This function (Create Support Package) collects all necessary data and
stores it in a convenient ZIP archive ready to upload to the Support team (see Figure 3.1). It is important
to note that no PowerFactory project files are included in this process. These files should be provided
independently (upon request).
Figure 3.1: Create Support Package Function
PROJECT ARCHIVING
Project Archiving
Over time multi-user databases tend to increase in size and can take up unnecessarily large amounts of
storage space and even slow down the system responsiveness. A new archiving function for decreasing
the used database storage space and increasing performance of large multi-user databases is available
in PowerFactory 15.1. Older projects that are currently not used but still important for a possibly use
in the future can now be archived. In multi-user database environments, the user can easily send
projects to the archive folder by executing the Archive command in the context sensitive right mouse
button menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.1. The archived projects are exported from
database and stored in a separate folder (Archived Projects) for long term storing. The user increases
thus system performance and the speed of general database operations (e.g. project loading/closing).
All information regarding the initial project location is also saved allowing the user to restore projects in
the exact location it originated from.
Figure 4.1: Project Archiving - Archive Command
Projects can be accessed back and loaded into the active database by executing the Restore command
in the context sensitive right mouse button menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.2: Project Archiving - Restore Command
NETWORK GRAPHICS
Interfaces
5.1
Import of Integral files
Importing Integral 7 XML files is possible with PowerFactory 15.1.
Network Graphics
6.1
Annotation Layers
Network diagrams can now easily be enriched by additional graphical annotations. A new concept of
graphical Annotation Layers has been introduced. Various graphical elements are supported:
Built-in graphical elements (e.g. circles, rectangles, lines, poly lines etc.)
text
icons (bitmap files)
By default a single annotation layer is active, nevertheless multiple layers can be defined. Reordering
layers, hiding them and moving graphics between layers are built-in features offering a high degree of
flexibility. For convenience and better organisation the objects within a specific layer can be separated
in multiple groups. It is possible to import/export annotation layers. For this purpose, an SVG file format
is used. Figure 6.1 displays an example showing how the annotation layers may be used to create
complex diagrams.
Figure 6.1: Annotation Layers Example
6.2
Protection Devices
PowerFactory 15.1 adds the possibility to graphically represent in the single line and substation diagrams the current (StaCt) and voltage (StaVt) instrumentation transformers as well as relay elements
(ElmRelay). This is done using the Current Transformer ( ), Voltage Transformer ( ) and Relay
Model ( ) buttons. Signal routing between these elements is performed using the Connector button
( ). The signalling path from the current or voltage transformers to the relevant relays can be explicitly
6.3
Neutral Wiring
NETWORK GRAPHICS
drawn. Current and voltage transformers as well as relays can be created, repositioned and edited within
the network diagram as it is the case with any other network element. The newly created elements are
also accessible as before from within the Data Manager window by selecting the corresponding cubicle
where they have been created. An example of a substation diagram using the graphical representation
of these elements is shown in Figure 6.2.
Figure 6.2: Graphical Representation of Protection Devices in a Substation
6.3
Neutral Wiring
PowerFactory now offers the user the option to explicitly represent the neutral connections and interconnections of the following widely used elements:
Power transformers (ElmTr2 and ElmTr3)
Shunt elements (ElmShunt)
External grids (ElmXnet)
Synchronous (ElmSym) and asynchronous machines (ElmAsm)
Static generators (ElmGenstat)
PV systems (ElmPvsys)
Neutral earthing elements (ElmNec)
An interconnection of separate neutral wires is illustrated in Figure 6.3.
6.4
New Elements in Drawing Toolbox
NETWORK GRAPHICS
Figure 6.3: Network Diagrams including the Neutral Wire
6.4
New Elements in Drawing Toolbox
In PowerFactory 15.1 several modifications have been made to the Drawing Toolbox. A summary of
the new features is shown in Figure 6.4.
Figure 6.4: Whats New in the Drawing Toolbar
The new features of the Drawing Toolbox are described below:

The Freeze Annotation Layers button ( ) freezes the graphical elements defined in the Annotation Layers and deactivates the illustrating graphic buttons of the Drawing Toolbar (no illustrating
graphics can be introduced in the Single Line Diagram Layer). For more information please read
Section 6.1.
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
A new PV model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 and the element can be added via the PV
system button ( ) . More information can be found in Section 8.1.1.
The Impulse Source button ( ) adds the element to the single line diagram. More information
about the impulse current source can be found in Section 8.1.2.
The Connection Request button ( ) is used in association with power quality analysis according
to D-A-CH-CZ guideline (see Section 7.4).
A new DC machine element can be added via the associated DC Machine button (
Section 8.1.3 for more information.
). See
A new series RLC filter element can be added in the Single Line Diagram using the Series RLCFilter button ( ) (more information can be found in Section 8.1.5).
The new battery element is added via the Battery button (
Section 8.1.4.
The Protection devices related buttons (
tion 6.2.
). The battery model is described in
) and their functionality is described in Sec-
The Annotation Layers specific buttons are activated/deactivated by the Freeze Annotation Layers button ( ).
Within the Annotation Layers specific buttons the Layer Image button (
More information can be found in Section 6.1.
) is newly available.
Analysis Functions
7.1
DC Short-Circuit Calculation
PowerFactory 15.1 extends the Short Circuit Calculation with two more options:
DC Short Circuit according to IEC 61660
DC Short Circuit according to ANSI/IEEE 946
The maximum and minimum short-circuit currents can be analysed from various DC based models such
as:
AC/DC converters (rectifier/inverter) in bridge connection (ElmRec and ElmRecMono)
Smoothing capacitors (only for IEC 61660) (ElmShnt)
Batteries (ElmBattery)
DC motor/generator (ElmDcm)
The DC Short Circuit Calculation can be initialised using the results of a Load Flow Calculation (optional). With this option selected, instead of taking a constant pre-fault voltage factor into account, the
Load Flow Calculation is used to determine the pre-fault voltages in the DC system. Upon completion
of the calculation, the user may access a complete set of result variables as defined in the standards,
among them:
Peak short-circuit current
Quasi-steady-state short circuit current
7.2
Quasi Dynamic Simulation
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Time to peak
Rise & decay times, rate of rise
Equivalent system resistance and inductance, network time constant, etc.
Figure 7.1: DC Short Circuit Calculation Dialogue
7.2
Quasi Dynamic Simulation
The execution of medium to long term simulations is now optimised in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks to
the new Quasi Dynamic Simulation engine. If simulation periods ranging from hours up to years are
under investigation, the Quasi Dynamic Simulation automates the entire simulation process. Multiple
Load Flow Calculations are carried out with user defined time step sizes between each simulation. The
results from each calculation are stored and are available for post processing. The tool is particularly
suitable for planning studies in which long term load and generation profiles are defined in parallel
with multiple contingency scenarios, variations and expansion stages. In terms of user handling, the
tool is easy to use, resembling the dynamic simulation engine as shown in Figure 7.2. All Load Flow
Calculation variables are available for storing and plotting. Statistical data for the variables is also
available. Results such as the maximum, minimum, average, variance, etc. are provided. Energy
values are also quantified for the studied time interval.
Figure 7.2: Quasi Dynamic Simulation Dialogue
Tabular reports are supported for the most relevant results (loading/voltage ranges and non convergency
cases) as shown in Figure 7.3. Exporting to HTML or Excel is also a built-in feature.
10
7.3
Simplified Time Characteristics
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.3: Tabular Reports for Quasi Dynamic Simulation
An example of the results obtained from a Quasi Dynamic Simulation is shown in Figure 7.4 (The results
for only one day are displayed), where the net power transfer in a LV network is monitored over a period
of time.
Figure 7.4: Example using Quasi Dynamic Simulation
7.3
The usage of time characteristics is simplified in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks to the introduction of a
predefined time scale. The input data can be either manually inserted in a predefined table or by using
external data files (.csv or even customized formats). The user can easily change the recurrence base
(daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, none) and the time step (minutes or hours). A caption of the newly added
window menu is shown in Figure 7.5.
11
7.3
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.5: Dialogue defining a Time Dependent Characteristic
Several approximation methods are available for interpolation between points:

Linear
Polynomial with user defined order
Spline
Hermite
The resulting time characteristic is plotted on a dedicated time plot for fast visualisation as shown in
Figure 7.6.
Figure 7.6: Automated Visualisation Plot of Time Characteristics
12
7.4
Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline
7.4
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline
The Connection Request Assessment Tool is a very useful feature for power quality calculations according to D-A-CH-CZ guideline Technical Rules for the Assessment of Network Disturbances as used
in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Czech Republic. A new Connection Request Assessment com). This element
mand ( ) is available as well as the Connection Request element (ElmConreq
represents a new load installation which is to be connected to the grid. All parameters required by the
D-A-CH-CZ guideline can be directly set in the element page, as shown in Figure 7.7.
Figure 7.7: Connection Request Element Dialogue
Full assessment of the D-A-CH-CZ guideline is performed based on the following criteria:
Voltage Changes and Flicker
Voltage Unbalance
Harmonics
Commutation Notches
Interharmonic Voltages
Following the calculation, a detailed report and summary are made available for further analysis. An
example of a LV connection assessment summary and the associated network diagram are shown in
Figure 7.8).
13
7.5
Modal Analysis
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.8: Example of LV Load Connection Summary
7.5
7.5.1
Modal Analysis
QZ Method
The Modal Analysis package is being enhanced in PowerFactory 15.1 by the introduction of the QZ
factorization method. In comparison to the previous QR method (based on system reduction), additional
models are now supported using the QZ method:
Asynchronous machine (ElmAsm)
PWM Converter (ElmVscmono, ElmVsc)
Surge arrester (StaSua)
Complex load (TypLodind)
DC-machine (ElmDcm)
DC-line (TypLne)
DC shunt (ElmShnt)
DC valve (ElmValve)
In previous PowerFactory versions, networks containing any of the above models required the use of
the Arnoldi Calculation method.
7.5.2
Output Data for Matlab
By using any of the calculation methods of the Modal Analysis engine, the user has the possibility to
obtain MATLAB compatible output results and system matrices as shown in Figure 7.9.
14
7.6
Protection Functions
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.9: Matlab Ready Output Results of Modal Analysis
7.6
7.6.1
Time-Overcurrent Plots
A new feature is added in PowerFactory 15.1 which enables single-line diagram paths to be shown in
time-overcurrent plots as illustrated in Figure 7.10. This is done by defining a specific path including the
protection equipment of interest. Legend entries are also separately displayed.
Figure 7.10: Single Line Diagrams in Time-overcurrent Plots
15
7.6
7.6.2
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Coordination Assistant
The new coordination assistant helps the protection engineer to quickly find well structured and consistent network protection solutions and afterwards easily analyse, tune and implement the chosen
settings in the protection devices. The algorithm is flexible, automated and comprehensive featuring the
following options:
User-definable coordination area (paths)
Automatic coordination of distance protection relays
Determination of relay protection zones
Reactive reach via zone-factors (independent, cumulative, ref. to line 1)
Resistive reach based on prospective fault/load resistance
Output options:
Tabular report
Time-distance diagram
Automatic update of protection devices
A snapshot of some of the available parameter settings is shown in Figure 7.11.
Figure 7.11: Coordination Assistant Dialogue
Time distance plots are automatically obtained after executing the algorithm, as shown in Figure 7.12.
16
7.7
Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.12: Example of a Resulting Time-distance Diagram
7.6.3
Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188
The Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis has been extended in PowerFactory 15.1 to support the German Standard BGI/GUV-I 5188 as shown in Figure 7.13. The calculation performs the automatic determination
of:
Arcing current (IkLB )
Fault clearing time
Arc energy (WLB )
Personal protective equipment class (PSAgS)
Figure 7.13: Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188
7.7
Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments
All virtual instruments (e.g. visualisation plots) have now been enhanced to support DSL compatible
arithmetical equations. This feature removes the hassle of having to define dedicated DSL blocks and
associated common models for the post processing of results. Adding, subtracting, offset or any other
equation relating one or more result variables can be easily defined in the plot options as shown in
Figure 7.14.
17
7.8
Optimal Manual Restoration
ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
Figure 7.14: User Defined Result Variables using DSL Syntax
Figure 7.15: Example Plot using Arithmetic Post-processing of Result Signals
Any calculations needed only in the result analysis phase can be eliminated entirely from the user
defined models. Simulation models are therefore simpler and easier to debug. The user benefits
through shorter development time and increased focus on the studied phenomena.
7.8
Optimal Manual Restoration
PowerFactory 15.1 includes a new Optimal Manual Restoration tool which determines the optimal
sequence for operating manual switches when searching for location of a fault in a distribution network.
This tool is intended for distribution networks with a radial feeder topology which may contain remote
control switches (RCS). The Optimal Manual Restoration tool defines the locations of manual switches
which are to be opened/closed and the corresponding sequential order that a service team should
open/close these switches in order to restore power safely to the greatest number of consumers in the
shortest possible time.
18
MODELS
Models
8.1
8.1.1
New Models
PV System (ElmPvsys)
A new and comprehensive PV built-in model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 greatly simplifying
projects using the photovoltaic based generation element (ElmPvsys) as shown in Figure 8.1. The
creation of planning scenarios containing PV generation is therefore simplified.
Figure 8.1: PV Model (ElmPvsys) Graphical Representation
Multiple inverter phase configurations, conversion efficiency, number of panels and number of parallel
inverters are standard built-in options. Different PV panel technologies (Mono-Si, Poly-Si, a-Si, CIS,
CdTe) are implemented based on user-defined datasheet parameters. Depending on the geographical
location (an example for varying latitude is shown in Figure 8.2), the model can accurately simulate
injected power output by the help of various settings:
PV panel mounting system (fixed, single or dual axis tracking)
Irradiance model (geographically based/measured hourly data, global and diffuse irradiance models)
Environment factors (ambient temperatures, shading factors, reflection coefficient)
Figure 8.2: Power Output of a Dual-axis 5 kWp PV System for Different Geographical Locations
19
8.1
New Models
MODELS
A PV system reactive power controller is implemented for Load Flow calculations including the following
control types:
Power factor reference
Voltage reference
Droop characteristic
Q(V) characteristic
Cosphi(P) characteristic
8.1.2
Impulse Source (ElmImpulse)
Analysis of network faults due to lightning strikes is enhanced by the addition of the built-in impulse
current source model (ElmImpulse). This EMT-Simulation specific model supports three standardised
current waveform types:
Two-exponential
Heidler
IEC62305-1 compliant
The impulse current source (ElmImpulse) can be set to model either positive, negative and subsequent
lightning strikes. Different types of current waveforms are exemplified in Figure 8.3.
Figure 8.3: Current Waveforms Generated using the Impulse Current Source
8.1.3
DC Machine (ElmDcm)
The new DC machine model (ElmDcm

) is designed for use in Load Flow and DC Short-Circuit
Calculations as well as RMS- and EMT-Simulations. The model can be set to both motor and generator
mode. The DC machine (ElmDcm) element supports five different machine types:
Separately excited machine model
20
8.1
New Models
MODELS
Shunt-connected machine model

Series-connected machine model
Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located ahead of the series field
Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located behind the series field
8.1.4
DC Battery (ElmBattery)
A DC battery model is now available in PowerFactory 15.1. It is based on the DC voltage source
model and includes battery specific parameters such as capacity, number of cells, internal resistances
and inductances etc. It can be used in Load Flow and DC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as RMSSimulations. A snapshot of the available parameters for DC short circuit calculation are shown in Figure 8.4).
Figure 8.4: DC Short Circuit Parameters of DC Battery Model
8.1.5
Series RLC Filter (ElmSfilt)
A new passive component is now available in PowerFactory 15.1 representing a series RLC filter (see
Figure 8.5). It simplifies the graphical representation. In previous versions separate elements for resistance, inductance and capacitance were needed in order to create RLC filters. The filter can either be
a single or a three phase type. It is used for Load Flow and AC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as
RMS- and EMT-Simulations.
21
8.2
Model Enhancements
MODELS
Figure 8.5: Series RLC Filter Dialogue
8.2
8.2.1
Model Enhancements
2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2)
The 2-Winding Transformer element (ElmTr2) benefits from several enhancements in PowerFactory
15.1. It is now possible to simultaneously define LV and HV tap changers (see Figure 8.6).
Figure 8.6: Simultaneous Definition of LV and HV Tap Changers
An extended phase shifter model is also available providing the possibility of choosing either an ideal
phase shifter (voltage magnitude does not change) or a symmetrical phase shifter (correlation between
taps on HV and LV side).
22
8.2
Model Enhancements
8.2.2
MODELS
3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3)
In addition to the already available parameter No load current (cr0m3), the model has been extended
R0
(rtox0n).
so that the user can also enter the magnetising impedance ratio X
0
8.2.3
Static Generator (ElmGenstat)
The Static Generator element (ElmGenstat) has been enhanced as below:

Model selection for RMS simulation
According to connected input signals (default)
Current Source
Voltage Source
Constant Impedance
Support for switch-on threshold and delay during disconnection period due to minimum operating
voltage
Switch-off Threshold (parameter umin)
Switch-on Threshold (parameter uonthr )
Switch-on Delay (parameter Tondelay)
8.2.4
Synchronous Machine (ElmSym)
The synchronous machine model (ElmSym) is augmented with the following new features:
Saturation curve: quadratic, exponential equations or tabular input (see Figure 8.7)
New input signal delta speed (typically useful in sub-synchronous resonance studies)
Harmonics/Power Quality
Harmonic source representation using Thevenin equivalent, impedance or ideal voltage source
Flicker coefficients
Frequency dependent negative and zero sequence resistances and inductances (r2(f), l2(f), r0(f),
l0(f))
Additional damping (only for generators)
Inertia of mechanical load and gear ratio (only for motors)
23
8.2
Model Enhancements
MODELS
Figure 8.7: Saturation Effect of Synchronous Machine Model (ElmSym)
8.2.5
Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm)
Additional parameters are added to the asynchronous machine model (ElmAsm) in order to represent
the inertia of the mechanical load and the gear ratio (only for motors).
8.2.6
Shunt Measurement Table
For the inductor (R-L) and capacitor (C) shunt types (ElmShnt) the definition of input data based on
measurement reports is now possible as shown in Figure 8.8.
Figure 8.8: Measurement Table for a Capacitor Shunt Type
24
8.2
Model Enhancements
8.2.7
MODELS
Station Controller (ElmStactrl)
A new control mode has been added to the Station Controller element (ElmStactrl) :
tan(phi) Control (see Figure 8.9)
Figure 8.9: New Control Mode in Station Controller - tan(phi)
8.2.8
Measurement Devices
The existing voltage (StaVmea), current (StaImea) and power (StaPqmea) measurement models have
been enhanced so that measurements on single phase elements can be executed (as shown in Figure 8.10). Results of the single phase measurement models are available only for unsymmetrical calculations/simulations.
Figure 8.10: Single/Three Phase Voltage Measurement Element
8.2.9
Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol)
An additional equation for k(f ) is implemented, being particularly useful in studies with frequency dependent resistance of cables and transformers (as illustrated in Figure 8.11). The additional equation is
shown below:
k(f ) = 1 + a ((f /f n) 1)b
(1)
Figure 8.11: Frequency Polynomial Characteristic Dialogue - Equation Type 2
25
PYTHON INTEGRATION
Python Integration
PowerFactory 15.1 newly offers support for the Python scripting language. Python can now be used
for various kinds of automation tasks within PowerFactory and integration tasks from external applications. Although the proprietary built-in scripting language will still be supported, there are several good
reasons to start using Python:
Non-proprietary, widely spread and very popular scripting language
Open source licensed
Extensive standard libraries and third party modules
Interfaces to external databases and MS-Office like applications
Web-services, etc.
Support for debugging
Can be compiled
9.1
PowerFactory Module in Python
The functionality of PowerFactory is offered in Python through a dynamic module with the name powerfactory.pyd. Some facts about this module:
Dynamic module implemented in Boost.Python using the PowerFactory API
Offers access to
all objects
all attributes (element data, type data, results)
all commands (load flow calculation, etc.)
lots of special built-in functions (DPL functions)
Usable from
within PowerFactory through the new command ComPython
external (PowerFactory is started by the module as an engine)
Here is a small example which prints Hello World! to the PowerFactory output window and executes
a load-flow calculation. The following script can be executed from within PowerFactory .
1 if __name__ == __main__:
2
#connect to PowerFactory
3
import powerfactory as pf
4
app = pf.GetApplication()
5
if app is None:
6
raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed")
7
8
#print to PowerFactory output window
9
app.PrintInfo("Hello World!")
10
11
#get active project
12
prj = app.GetActiveProject()
13
if prj is None:
14
raise Exception("no project activated")
15
16
26
Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory
9.2
17
18
19
PYTHON INTEGRATION
#calculate load-flow
ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf")
ldf.Execute()
To start the script externally, the path of the PowerFactory module has to be added to the system path
(see lines 2-4).
1 if __name__ == __main__:
2
#prepare system path
3
import sys
4
sys.path.append("C:\\Program Files\\PowerFactory\\python\\")
5
6
#connect to PowerFactory
7
import powerfactory as pf
8
app = pf.GetApplication()
9
if app is None:
10
raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed")
11
12
#print to PowerFactory output window
13
app.PrintInfo("Hello World!")
14
15
#get active project
16
prj = app.GetActiveProject()
17
if prj is None:
18
raise Exception("no project activated")
19
20
21
#calculate load-flow
22
ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf")
23
ldf.Execute()
9.2
Every Python script file (*.py) is represented in PowerFactory by a ComPython object. A ComPython
object holds only the path, not the file itself. With the Open in external Editor button it is possible to
edit the file directly. The Execute button executes the script.
Figure 9.1: ComPython Edit
Python scripts (ComPython) objects can be executed like DPL scripts (ComDpl objects):
from the data manager
from the main menu
27
9.2
PYTHON INTEGRATION
from the main toolbar

from the single line graphic
as a button, etc.
An executing ComPython object can be interrupted with the Break button in the main toolbar.
Figure 9.2: Main Toolbar Break Button
28
DIgSILENT
Company Profile
access to relay manuals, interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings and integrates
with PowerFactory software, allowing for
powerful and easy-to-use settings co-ordination
studies.
PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance
recording and monitoring system that copes
easily and efficiently with the special requirements for system test implementation, system
DIgSILENT is a consulting and software company
DIgSILENT PowerFactory
performance supervision and the determination
providing engineering services in the field of
DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated
and supervision of connection characteristics.
electrical power systems for transmission,
power system analysis software PowerFactory,
Numerous Monitoring Systems installed at
distribution, generation and industrial plants.
which covers the full range of functionality
various grid locations can be integrated to a
from standard features to highly sophisticated
Wide-Area-Measurement-System (WAMS).
DIgSILENT was founded in 1985 and is a
and advanced applications including wind
PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with
fully independent, privately owned company
power, distributed generation, real-time
PowerFactory software.
located in Gomaringen/Tbingen, Germany.
simulation and performance monitoring for
DIgSILENT continued expansion by establishing
system testing and supervision. For wind
DIgSILENT Consulting
offices in Australia, South Africa, Italy, Chile,
power applications, PowerFactory has
DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of
Spain and France, thereby facilitating improved
become the power industrys de-facto standard
various disciplines relevant for performing
service following the world-wide increase in
tool, due to PowerFactory models and
consulting services, research activities, user
usage of its software products and services.
algorithms providing unrivalled accuracy and
training, educational programs and software
DIgSILENT has established a strong partner
performance.
development. Highly specialised expertise is
network in many countries such as Mexico,
available in many fields of electrical engineering
Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil,
DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central
applicable to liberalised power markets
Peru, China and India. DIgSILENT services and
protection settings database and management
and to the latest developments in power
software installations have been conducted
system, based on latest .NET technology.
generation technologies such as wind power
in more than 110 countries.
StationWare stores and records all settings
and distributed generation. DIgSILENT has
in a central database, allows modelling of
provided expert consulting services to several
relevant workflow sequences, provides quick
prominent wind-grid integration studies.
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Installation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installation Directory and Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Support Package Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Import of Integral files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Elements in Drawing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quasi Dynamic Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Simplified Time Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline . . . . . . . . . . 13

Output Data for Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188 . . . . . . . . 17

Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Optimal Manual Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

Impulse Source (ElmImpulse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Series RLC Filter (ElmSfilt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Static Generator (ElmGenstat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Synchronous Machine (ElmSym)

Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Shunt Measurement Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Station Controller (ElmStactrl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

PowerFactory Module in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Installation and Configuration

Installation Directory and Workspace

Figure 2.1: Installation Directory Path

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.2: Workspace Functions

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.3: Log On Dialogue

Figure 2.4: Switch User Function

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

SUPPORT PACKAGE FUNCTION

Figure 2.5: PowerFactory Configuration

Support Package Function

Figure 3.1: Create Support Package Function

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

Figure 4.1: Project Archiving - Archive Command

Figure 4.2: Project Archiving - Restore Command

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

Import of Integral files

Importing Integral 7 XML files is possible with PowerFactory 15.1.

Figure 6.1: Annotation Layers Example

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

Figure 6.2: Graphical Representation of Protection Devices in a Substation

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

New Elements in Drawing Toolbox

Figure 6.3: Network Diagrams including the Neutral Wire

New Elements in Drawing Toolbox

Figure 6.4: Whats New in the Drawing Toolbar

The new features of the Drawing Toolbox are described below:

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

). The battery model is described in

) and their functionality is described in Sec-

Quasi Dynamic Simulation