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2. 210 MW GENERATOR OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS / STAGE


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2.1INTRODUCTION
01. PRE-STARTING OPERATIONS
The following operations/checks are to be carried out by the Generator
Board Engineer, prior to putting the generator into service.

02. CHECKS TO BE DONE AFTER RECEIVING INSTRUCTIONS


FOR STARTING UP
The following conditions are to be checked/ascertained after receiving
instructions for starting up of the unit from Shift Engineer.
1. No line clears are pending on the generator and the connected
equipments.
2. Check the Seal oil system is in normal service and the H2 pressure is
normal. (Not less than 3.3 Kg/Cm2 and at 98 % purity). Put the other
SOP
in AUTO reserve.
3. Start any one of the stator water pumps and put the other SWP in
AUTO reserve. Adjust the S.W.flow to 27.0 m3/hr and monitor the flow
and conductivity of the water. Reset the master trip relays 86G31 &86
G41 at GRP.
4. Switch on the heaters and rapping motors at ESP after confirming there
is no line clearance is pending.
5. Check and ensure that all the fuses at GRP are intact.
6. Check and reset all the relays at the GRP.
7. Ensure that the Rotor earth fault protection selector switch at GRP is in
I ROTOR E/F position.
8. Effect the A.C. supply by switching on the switches ACS-1 and ACS-2 at
GRP.
9. Check the lamps in the annunciation windows at Generator control
desk cum panel (GCDP) and common Auxiliary Panel (CAP) by
operating the respective lamps test push buttons.
10. Check the DC fail monitoring circuits for Source-1 / Source-2 DC
supplies by pressing the push buttons PB-1/PB-2 at GCDP. While

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pressing these push buttons DC SOURCE-1 fail DC SOURCE2appear at GCDP.


11. Confirm from switchyard control room (SYCR) staff that all the earth
switches in the Generator connecting line are kept open.
12. Check the Generator-Transformer (GT) at local and ensure the
following.
a. Tap changer control supply and cooler control supply are
switched on.
b. The local/remote selector switch of tap changer is in remote
position.
c. The cooler power supply is from Main source.
d. The auto/manual selector switch of cooler control is in auto
position.
e. Individual ON/OFF switches of the fans are in ON position.
f. The air pressure of mulsifier system is normal.
13. Check the supply to GT OLTC panel at UCB is available.
14. Check for proper operation (closing/opening) of I Bus, II Bus and line
isolators one by one after informing switchyard control room (SCYR)
staff. Each time when an isolator is closed/opened observe for the
corresponding lamp indication at GCDP, corresponding position of the
semaphore indicator at SYCR and also the physical conformation from
local through SYCR staff that the isolator has properly closed/opened.
While checking for the proper closing of I Bus / II Bus isolator, check for
the normal reading of 400 KV bus voltmeters of all the three phases
after closing of the isolator. After completing the testing of all the
isolators keep all the isolators in open condition.
15. For checking the proper opening of Generator breaker 52 GB carry out
the following:
a.

Ensure that the Bus Bar protection (BB) trip relay 96 GT at SYCR
is in reset condition.

b.

Ensure that the protection transfer switch (PTS) of generator at


SYCR is in Normal position.

c.

Ensure that the PTS of generator at GCDP is in Normal position.

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d.

Ensure that the SES control supply is switched off, i.e. 52B at the
crowbar cabinet in ses room is in OFF position to prevent the
tripping of 52GB on Ultimately intervention protection while closing
it.

e.

Keep the synchronising selector switch (SSS) of generator in


manual position.

f.

Manually, actuate the 25x relay at GRP and close the GB. After
GB closed release 25x and observe for the following indication.
i.

GB close - lamp indication at GCDP.

ii.

Corresponding semaphore indication at SYCR.

iii.

ON indication at GB local.

iv.

Springs charged lamp indication after closing of GB.

g.

Switch off the synchronising selector switch.


i.

GB open lamp indication at GCDP.

ii.

Corresponding semaphore indication at SYCR.

iii.

OFF indication at GB local.

h.

Select the voltage regulator to manual.

i.

Ensure that the manual reference potentiometer is in min


position with the lamp indication.

j.

Ensure that the SEP room cooling is sufficient by checking Air


conditioning boxes and blowers.

16. Check and ensure that the following parameters are within their
limits.
i.

Differential pressure between H2 and oil 1.5 Kg/Cm2.

ii.

Seal oil pressure temperature at the cooler outlet 40 C.

iii.

H2 pressure above 3.3 Kg/Cm2.

iv.

Cold gas temperature below 46C.

v.

Hot gas temperature below 75C.

vi.

H2 purity 98%.

17. Ensure that all the four valves in the gas cooler inlet header and
outlet header are in open condition.
18. Switch on all the recorders and indicating instruments in the
Generator panel at UCB.

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19. Switch on the supply to Digital MW indicator.


20. Note down the initial readings in all the energy meters.

2.2 SYNCHRONISING THE GENERATOR WITH THE GRID


1.

Ensure that the seal oil system are normal and watch the parameters
of seal oil system, SWS and gas system, reset all the relays at GRP.

2.

Switch on the switches DCS-1 and DCS-2 at GRP to effect D.C. supply
to GRP.

3.

While rolling the turbine, check the generator bearing vibration and
ascertain that it is within normal values.

4.

Turbine is being warmed up, close the 400 KV I bus or II bus isolator
accordingly after confirming from SYCR staff to which bus the unit is to be
connected. Observe for closed lamp indication at GCDP, normal reading in
the bus voltmeter for all the three phases at GCDP, proper semaphore
indication at SYCR and get physical confirmation for proper closing from
local through SYCR staff.

5.

Close the 400 KV line isolator and observe for closed lamp indication at
GCDP, proper semaphore indication at SYCR and get physical confirmation
for proper closing from local through SYCR staff.
a.

Ensure that the voltage regulator is in the Manual mode.

b.

Ensure that the manual reference potentiometer is in the


minimum position by observing for the corresponding lamp indication.

c.

Observe for start enabling lamp indication.

d.

Ensure that the field breaker is racked in.

e.

Press the start PB and observe for filed breaker closed lamp
indication at GCDP.

f.

Observe for normal readings in rotor voltmeter and rotor


ammeter), which corresponds to no load excitation. Generator terminal
voltage should rise to around 12 KV in about 3 seconds; check this in
all 3 phase; if not FB will trip with Flashing time delay indication at
local alarm panel. In that case check the generator PT circuit fuses,
actual speed and the field flashing circuit.

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g.

If the generator terminal voltage reaches about 12 KV within 3


seconds, ensure the healthiness of all the six-converter bridge and
ensure that there is no alarm persisting in the local alarm panel.

6.

Build up the generator terminal voltage in Manual mode upto 15.75


KV by operating the Increase PB of the manual channel.

7.

When the terminal voltage is around 15.75 KV adjust the balance


voltmeter reading to zero by pressing the Increase/Decrease push buttons
of Auto channel.

8.

With zero reading in the balance voltmeter change over the mode of
voltage regulator to Auto by pressing the Auto push button.

9.

Ensure the PTS at GCDP is in Normal position.

10.

Switch on the generator SSS to Manual position and see that the

double voltmeter & double frequency meter at GCDP have come into
service.
11.

Check for the Voltage equaliser on indication and synchronising

Enable indication at GCDP.


12.

Compare the voltage and frequency of the incoming generator with the

respective parameters of the grid.


13.

(Speed of turbine) to make it equal (slightly higher) with that of the

grid with the help of speed changer at GCDP. When turbine rolling is done
with EHC speed variation can be done from EHC desk insert only.
14.

Switch on the synchroscope switch at GCDP.

15.

Observe that the synchroscope pointer rotates in the Fast (clockwise)

direction and synchronising permissive lamp at GCDP glows whenever


the pointer reaches the 12 O clock position. The synchroscope will rotate
in the Fast direction only when the frequency of the generator is higher
than the grid (generator is faster than the grid); otherwise it will rotate in
slow (anticlockwise) direction. To make it rotate is the Fast direction the
speed of turbine is to be increased.
16.

By minor adjustment in frequency of the generator, make the speed of

rotation of the pointer in the synchroscope as slower as possible in the


Fast direction.

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17.

Close the generator breaker when the synchroscope pointer is moving

slowly in the Fast direction and reaches 12 O clock position. At this


instant synchronising permissive lamp also will glow watch for GB close
lamp indication.
18.

As soon as the unit is synchronised, watch all parameters and pickup a

load of 10 MW.

2.3
1.

OPERATION
TO
BE
CARRIED
SYNCHRONISING THE GENERATOR.

OUT

AFTER

Get confirmation about the proper position of semaphore indicator of


GB and also ON indication at breaker local from SYCR normal.

2.

Observe the following parameters and ensure that they are normal.
Active power (MW), Reactive Power (MVAR), Generator terminal voltage
(in all the phase), stator current (in all the three phases), power factor,
rotor voltage, rotor current, stator copper & Iron temperature, rotor
winding temperature, generator bearing metal temperature, generator
bearing vibration, cold gas temperature, hot gas temperature, seal oil
pressure and seal oil temperature.

3.

Ensure proper functioning of the Energy meter, MW and MVAR


recorders.

4.

Check at GRP and reset the relays 27/40G, 37G1, 37G2, 32G1, and
32G2 condition.

5.

Check SEP for any alarm and reset them.

6.

Check up and ensure the healthy conditions of UPS, excitation


transformer etc.

7.

To avail normal incomer supply to 6.6 KV unit buses, at about 40 MW


load carry out the following operations:
a.

Get concurrence from PM/UCB.

b.

Ensure from Annexe operator that the normal incomers to unit


buses A & B are relay for taking into service and are racked in.

c.

Put the selector switch in TIE to UNIT position.

d.

Observe the voltmeter and double frequency meter at GCDP.

e.

If there is difference in the voltage make them equal by adjusting


excitation voltage of the generator. (Increase/decrease PBs of Auto

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channel). Watch for the synchronising permissive lamp indication


and then close the Normal Incomer breaker.
f.

Observe the tripping of the Tie breaker on auto along with the
annunciation 6.6 KV Tie breaker to unit bus-A Auto trip at GCDP.

g.

Normalise the control switch of the tie breaker by giving a trip


impulse.

h.
i.

Put the selector switch in to TIE in AUTO position.


Ensure proper functioning of the Energy meter & MW meter of
the Normal Incomer breaker.

j.

To avail Normal supply to 6.6 KV unit bus-B repeat the steps


to (j) for bus-B.

k.

ESP fields may be taken after the withdrawal of all the oil
burners.

2.4 GENERATOR OPERATIONS AND SUPERVISION


01 NORMAL OPERATION OF GENERATOR
1.

The supervision over the control and measuring instruments pertaining


to the panels of the operating generator constitute the duty of the
operation Engineer.

2.

After the unit is synchronised with the grid, the rate at which the active
load be increased depends upon the regime of the turbine.

3.

The readings of the control and measuring instruments of generator


desk and panel should be taken every hour.

4.

Hydrogen purity is being indicated continuously by means of the purity


meter at GCDP and at the local panel. Chemical lab staff in each shift for
chemical analysis is collecting hydrogen sample. The minimum of the
above three readings should be taken into account for hydrogen purity. It
should be above 98%, the purity may be maintained at about 98%. When
the purity falls below the permissible value, the pressure of gas inside the
generator is to be reduced (by 0.1 Kg/Cm 2 to 0.2 Kg/Cm2) by scavenging
the gas to the atmosphere and then the pressure to be raised to original
value by charging fresh hydrogen.

5.

Weekly report from main chemical lab will indicate the quantity of
moisture present in the hydrogen. This should be less than 9 gm/cm 3.

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6.

The reactive load on the generator should be controlled by adjusting


the excitation voltage.

7.

The following things are to be checked during local check up.


a.

The slip rings and brushes are to be inspected for any sparking.
The sparking in the brushes may be caused by damage to the brushes,
vibration, and seizing of the brushes in the frames of the brush holder,
defective fitting of brushes or due to incorrect contact pressure of the
brushes. Increasing the contact pressure on either side of the brush
can reduce sparking. When the sparking could not be controlled, it has
to be reduced by reducing the rotor current i.e. by reducing the
reactive power and if necessary by reducing the active power also.

b.

The normal running of the vapour extractor in the seal oil system
is to be ensured. The drain line of vapour extractor to be opened in
each shift by the local operator to drain the water/oil. IF water is
present in the drain, Turbine staff is to be informed for operating the
centrifuge.

c.

Seal oil drain lines view glasses are to be checked for absence of
foaming. Hydrogen leak is to be suspected in case of foaming.

d.

Seal oil pressure at seals and the seal oil temperatures are to be
checked and the values should be normal.

e.

In the SES room the healthiness of field breaker trip coil, the
charged condition of the FB closing springs and the healthiness of the
converter bridges are to be ensured.

f.

In the D.C. system the following are to be ensured.


i)

The under voltage relay is in reset condition.

ii)

The charging current should be normal.

iii)

The bus voltage should be normal.

iv)

There should be no persisting alarms.

v)

Healthiness of the annunciation window lamps by


operating the Lamp Test push button.

g.

Monitor the H2 gas pressure &purity.

h.

Monitor the SWS flow &conductivity.

i.

Monitor the SOS

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i)

seal oil pressure at seals.

ii)

delta pressure.

iii)

flow of oil at TE &EE.


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