Five Day ISTE Workshop for Coordinators

on
Computational Fluid Dynamics
The National Mission on Education Through ICT
(MHRD, Government of India)
March 12 March 16
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Course Coordinators
Bhalchandra Puranik
Atul Sharma

Project Coordinator
Professor D. B. Phatak

Project Manager
Mukta Atrey

Objectives of the Course

Introduction of Fundamentals of Computational
Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer.
Level of material: advanced
undergraduate/beginning postgraduate.
Introduction to the methods/algorithms that are
working behind the screen when a CFD
software operates.
Carefully designed model problems and their
numerical solutions => Development of codes (open
source programming environment Scilab).

No CFD software will be introduced.

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

PART I
Essentials of Fluid Mechanics
Bhalchandra Puranik

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Topics

Introduction, some physical properties.

Fluid Dynamics: Integral analysis.
Kinematics of fluid motion.
Fluid Dynamics: Differential analysis.
Some analytical solutions of the NavierStokes equations.
Introduction to numerical solution
methodology an example using the
Finite Difference method.
Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 1
Scope of Fluid Mechanics: Equilibrium and
motion of fluids.
Applications: Various branches of Science
and Engineering; Natural phenomena;
Sports.
Fluid*: When at rest, cannot resist a shear
force, no matter how small => no static
equilibrium under the action of shear force.

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 2
Fluids: Liquids and Gases.
Microscopic (Molecular) or Macroscopic
approaches:
Molecular: Follow each molecule; Practically,
statistical methods.
Macroscopic: Overall/average behavior; Continuum
model.

Continuum model:
Continuous distribution of fluid matter and the
associated properties.
Disregard the discrete molecular structure.
Use methods of differential calculus (point-wise smooth
distribution of fluid properties).
Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 3
Continuum model:
Validity of continuum model?
Concept of a fluid point => statistically consistent
values of properties (e.g., density) in an
infinitesimally small volume.
The mean free path (l) << Linear dimension of the
fluid point volume << Characteristic dimension of
the problem (L).
The Knudsen number, Kn = l /L.
If Kn < 0.001 (approx.), continuum model is valid.
Invalid for (i) highly rarefied flows, (ii)
micro/nanoscale flows.

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 4
Important physical properties:
Pressure (p): molecular origin, compressive in
nature.
Density (r): mass per unit volume.
Specific weight ( = rg): weight per unit volume.
Specific volume (v=1/ r):volume per unit mass.
Dynamic viscosity (m):characterization of the
resistance offered by a fluid in motion to the
applied shear forces.

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 5
Dynamic viscosity:
A simple shear flow: only u=u(y)
du
u y
dy

y
x

Rate of shear strain (segment PQ):

du
u y t ut
dy
1
du
t 0
dy
t
y

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 6
Dynamic viscosity:
t(stress set-up in the fluid to oppose the
applied shear stress).
In general
n
du

dy

If n=1, we have a Newtonian fluid, and

du

dy

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay

Introduction - 7
References:
M. C. Potter, D. C. Wiggert, Fluid Mechanics, India
Edition, Cengage Learning, 2010. (Chapter 1)
V. Gupta, S. K. Gupta, Fluid Mechanics and Its
Applications, 2nd Edition, New Age International, 2011.
(Chapter 1)
R. W. Fox, P. J. Pritchard, A. T. McDonald, Introduction
to Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition (SI Version), Wiley India
Edition, 2010. (Chapters 1, 2)

Five-Day ISTE Workshop on CFD

Bhalchandra Puranik, MED, IIT Bombay