CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

By :
Name
Student ID
Entourage
Group
Assistant

: Fatahalani Rizkika
: B1K014017
: VII
:2
: Lucky Pratama Suharto

PRACTICUM REPORT OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY I

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER

EDUCATION
JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2015

I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Animal high-level, and animal that low level have differences in them
circulating system. Protozoan and animals low-level them circulating happened to
the way diffusion. Animal high or metazoa (more cell) have circulatory
system more complex where, blood flowing through the file the vessels.
Circulation system in the animal metazoa arranged in general over heart, blood
vessels, and blood (Sulistiono, 1988).
Blood circulation system in the fish is vital physiologic process is very
important, in order to be able to such cells work, network and organs that require
nutrition and consumption oxygen. Circulating in the blood fish depend on
condition anatomy, physiology and environmental conditions. These components
building blocks blood were heart, blood, the channel blood, and nodes, while
components that blood it self consisted of leukocyte, erythrocytes and trombocyte.
The flow of blood pumped to the front side from the heart in the ventral behind
gill toward aortic ventral, and then will be transported to the back side on their
way to dorsum single and from there and distributed to all other parts of the body
(Fujaya, 2004).
Circulation system consists of the canals or the gaps (cavity) continuous
that was found in animal body that carry balance and material solid dissolved
throughout the body. Channels and hollow-cavity is balance flowing substances to
take that needful by body. A circulatory system has a new organ blower balance,
circulated throughout the body, organ is the core (Karsheva et al., 2009)
During

this

time

using

the

larvae

gouramy (Osphronemus

gouramy) because his body is transparent, so heart and blood vessels can be
observed under a microscope. This was making it easier for blood circulation
stream observation.

1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to see blood circulation in fish and to
differentiation the flow of blood veins and arteries.

II. MATERIAL AND METHOD

2.1 Material
The tools that used in practicum is a microscope, cavity slide, pipette drops
and tissue.
The materials use in practicum is the larvae gouramy fish (Osphronemus
gouramy).
2.2. Method
1. The larvae gouramy fish (Osphronemus gouramy) taken from tray by using
pipat drops.
2. The larvae gouramy fish (Osphronemus gouramy) was placed on cavity slides
by using pipette drops.
3. Cavity slides that contains

the

larvae gouramy

fish (Osphronemus

gouramy) was placed under microscope to observe.

4. Blood circulation arteries and veins observed and documented.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Result
Table 3.1 observation differences arteries and Veins
N
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Difference

Artery

Pressure

Pressure
Speed
Direction of the
flow
The pattern
mainstream
The vessels
Color
The level

Big
Quick
Far

Small
Slow
Near

Narrow

converge

Thick
Pink
Many

Thin
Red darkness
Little

1
2

Picture 1. Veins and artery gouramy fish (Osphronemus gouramy).

Description :
1. Veins
2. Artery

3.2 Discussion

Circulation system is the difference structure, starting from the system that
is relatively simple in insect circulation to a higher as the crustaceans, decapods,
and vertebrates. Circulation is needed to transport oxygen in the body organisms
including transfer extract of metabolism food, substances, result of secretion, and
nutrition to tissue metabolism and remove carbon dioxide and other waste
product. Circulation system help coordination process physiological through
transport molecules out of the one to another in the body, and in the face
infections with transport human immune cells to the invasion. Physiologically
circulatory system also has played leading role in relation to respiratory system,
the immune system, and the system osmoregulation. Circulation system help
remove gas that will be issued with bond through blood. Circulation system is also
able as regulatory pressure equilibrium reverse osmosis, defense,
extending pH through the blood. In some animals circulatory system, plays an
important role in the regulation temperatures, through exchanges heat from the
muscles work out the outer surface body (Sulistiono, 1988).
The circulatory system is a transport system that carries nutrients and
oxygen throughout the body and excrete the rest of metabolism and CO2. This
system consists of three components, namely:
1. The heart pumps blood to be able to flow and can continue to reach the cells of
the body that is located on the outskirts and far at the ends of the body. The heart
consists of porch (atrium) and chambers (the ventricles). Ventricular blood
funneling to the network, arterial vessels based here. Vein monotheistic foyer.
2. Vessels, transmit the blood, consisting of:
a. Pulse (arteries) that transmit the blood from the heart to the network
b. (vein) that drains blood from the tissues to the heart of the
c. Capillaries (blood vessels) is the place of exit of the entry of substances to
or from the network d. Spleen who distributes body fluids (spleen) from
the network to the heart
3. Blood fluid in vessels containing blood cells and plasma, nutrients, respiratory
gases, the dregs of the metabolism, hormones and antibodies (Yatim, 1990).
Blood flowing in vascular system and each through the part that has the
function is not the same in supporting them circulating system, which is due to
differences histology blood vessels each part. Heart pumps activities took place

with a contraction and leisure travelers, so it can lead to changes in blood pressure
them circulating. Blood pressure is very important in blood circulation and
motivation always needed for blood in the veins transmission (Kusmiyati, 2009).
Circulation system consists of two kinds of, that is circulation system and
closed circulation system open. Circulation system are covered with the blood
always need some complex wires capillary tubes are in, arteries and veins . The
circulatory system closed pressure than that requires resistance peripherals, and
kept its continuity between pulse-heart sounds, like the wall elastic, and
blood brought directly to organs , the distribution to organs and blood back to the
heart quickly. Open circulation is most of his blood pumped from the heart into
the blood, but blood channel was contact with region open or sinuses and blood
flow freely between tissues before finally came back to the heart. Blood
circulation open usually pressured low, and blood was taken directly to organs
such as the blood circulation closed, the distribution less easily, unregulated
sectors like domestic work blood often back to the heart to slow (Yuwono, 2001).
The blood circulation practicum observed in this time is blood circulation
in the gouramy fish. Ville et al., (1988), put forward, including the fish in the sub
phyla vertebrates. Most vertebrate animals system them circulating blood
circulatory system is covered with the directions has always remained in capillary
tubes, arteries and veins . In addition, vertebrate animals have organs that
functioned to pump blood, which is heart. Heart in the fish is divided into two
parts are 1 atrium and 1 retention.
Blood circulation fish is blood circulation single blood through heart only
one time. Blood in the pump to the heart through olfactory arteriosus
toward aortic ventral. Aorta ventral supplying blood veins toward gill through
branchial. This artery supplying or form the " loops" around their gills, which is a
central place to gas exchange between blood and water. Reoksigenation happening
in the capillaries in their gills and gill collected by antribanchial. Advanced
Toward flows to branchial (Yuwono, 2001).
Fish have portae system that is portae hepatis and renal tubular acidosis.
Portae system hepatis collected blood from tractus digestivus, lien and pancreas.
Portae System hepatis formed a union with vein abdominal aorta that

gathered blood from extreminity posterior, vesica urinaria walls and body
parts ventral. Renal tubular acidosis system collecting blood from extreminity
posterior and walls the posterior section in the veins empties into vena cava
posterior (Parker & Haswel, 1978).
Their observations show the difference between arteries and veins at the
larvae gouramy fish pattern based on stream, color, pressure, speed, and the walls
of the. Based on the pattern arterial flow from the heart to all parts of the body,
while veins from all parts of the body to the heart. Based on color arteries pink or
colorful light, while vein scarlet (darker). According to Sulistiono (1988), blood
clotting arteries pink because it contains oxygen that high and low CO2 (blood
profit), while red color vein because it contains a lot CO2 and has a rarefied
atmosphere (low blood). Based on arterial pressure higher, while venous pressure
lower. Based on speed arterial flow more quickly and veins more
slowly. Observation is equal to libraries. Arteries is blood vessels that shed blood
from the heart to all parts of the body. Aorta began from retention will experience
depreciation diameter to artery that is spread throughout the body (Bevelander &
Judith, 1988).
The flow of blood in the vein and arteries are different, because there are
differences in the muscles and network link that was found in it. There are many
muscles, and in the veins only a few vein in the arteries have levels of oxygen.
Low due to bring the blood vein into the heart to heart pumps sufficient. Arterial
blood from the heart and divided blood through its branches throughout the
body (Kay, 1988).
Blood vessels veins, the blood vessels that brought the blood into the heart,
the arteries, with the blood vessels that brought the blood from the heart (Prosser
& Brown, 1965). Based on observation blood circulation in the larvae gouramy
fish can be known differences between the blood veins and arteries. Blood vessels
into the heart (a vein) place near the surfaces of the body. The arteries is a bit into
and hidden (Amien, 1984).
Arterial blood vessels that had the task is to carry oxygen from the lungs
throughout the body. Veins is blood vessels that serves to carry CO2 metabolism
result from all parts of the body to the lungs issued (Kimball, 1993). Hurkat &

Mathur (1976), said that there are three vessels arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arterial blood flow is a working took the blood from the heart to the network,
veins working with heart, while capillary vessels that is located in the network.
The arteries colored more pink because it contains O2 , high and low CO2, at the
moment blood contains O2 than in capillary network. Partial pressure O2 down,
and blood easily deliver O2 and improve the ability to bring O2 so veins that
flows from the network to the heart red color because it contains CO2 than O2
that low (Kimball, 1993).
In general blood has some functions, including is as transport nutrients
from the digestive tract to the network, transport ekskretori products from the
network, transporting gas, transport hormones, and transportation nonrespiratori
cell function. The blood circulation in animals including substances for transport
dissolved, for transport heat throughout the body and to transport energy in the
body (Yuwono, 2001). According to Brill et al. (1998), the surface gills with a
great fish function as a supporter metabolic rate to adapt, the relationship between
metabolic rate and breathing influential mechanism blood circulation in.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the result practicum that has been done can be concluded that:

1.

Blood circulatory system on the larvae gouramy fish is a single blood

2.

circulation and include into the blood circulation is closed.

An artery is the vessels that brought the blood from the heart toward
network throughout the body. With great pressure, mainstream quickly, the
pattern principal spread, pink color (light), and contain much O2. The veins is
blood vessels that brought the blood from the network into the heart. Blood
that passes through red color vein (more dark), low pressure, the speed at
which slowly, toward the bloodstream puts into the heart, and contain many
CO2.

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