Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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INTRODUCITON
This checklist for site supervisors is issued in order to ensure a uniform
system of supervision of building construction projects constructed in
the region of those projects budgeted by the government.
As a result to ensure the quality of construction, this checklist used as
guidelines for the supervisors and shows level of responsibilities,
liabilities and limitations of the supervisor are briefly mentioned in the
steps to the general terms.
Details of construction may specify in the drawings, technical
specifications and in the general and special conditions of the contract.
The duty of the site Engineers/Supervisors is to ensure that the
construction works are executed in accordance with the contract
requirement.
Therefore, in the application of this checklist the details specified in the
contract document always precede before the application and use of it.
There are also tables and forms in this checklist that help as records of
the incidences affecting the work and as references. In addition the
standard technical specification is used as reference on the preparation
of this checklist and shall always have precedence over the checklist.
Oromia Regional State Government BWUD
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1.2
1.3
The site plan and layout of buildings and sewer system especially
concerning levels and soil condition. If changes are necessary
submit a written report to the designer.
1.4
1.5
The trees and bushes within the foundation to be cut and rooted
up as given in the standard technical specification.
1.6
1.7
1.8
The connection points for water and electricity are agreed upon
with WSA and EEPCO local authorities.
1.9
2. 2. SETTING OUT
Check: 2.1
The setting out is done correctly with proper measuring tape and
accurate leveling instrument.
2.2
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2.3
2.4
3.
Check: 3.1
3.2
3.3
Decide the place for the cart away that is not necessary for back
filling or terracing.
3.4
For sites where blasting is proposed, the explosives are used the
quantities and manner recommended by the manufacturers.
Check a written consent obtained on each occasion the
contractor wished to use explosives.
3.5
All excavations are carried out to the lines, levels, widths and
depths shown on the drawings.
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Cut for roads are carried out until a level of suitable material is
allowed.
Check: 4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
The trench and pits to be clean from grass, bushes and pieces of
wood.
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.6 The stone masonry execution is with specified mortar and with
well-filled joints.
5.7 The stone masonry during execution is kept free from solid and
other kind of dirt.
5.8 The length of stone does not exceed three times its height
5.9 The mix of lean concrete to correspond the specification
5.10The mix proportion of mortar is correct.
6. BACK FILLING
Check: 6.1 All internal back filling is done with approved material if possible
with material excavated on the site.
6.2 All external backfilling around foundation walls and behind
retaining wall shall be done with approved selected materials, if
possible with material excavated on the site which is capable of
being compacted and form a stable filling.
6.3 All organic materials, such as pieces of wood, roots, bushes and
black cotton soil are removed from all backfill material.
6.4 All ground trenches and places where backfilling shall be executed
are clean from grass, bushes and pieces of wood.
6.5 Where pipes and electrical cables are in connection with the
backfilling, the work shall be executed very carefully, so they do
not break or get damaged.
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Check: Surplus excavated material is removed from the site to the dumping
ground as specified in contract agreement.
8. HARD CORE
Check: 8.1 Stone for hard core is sound and approved equality
8.2 All stones in the hard core are of approximately equal and
recommended size.
8.3 All hard core is well rammed and consolidated with the top surface
blinded with crushed aggregate of 20mm.
Thickness in
accordance with the standard technical specification.
8.4 The thickness of the hard core satisfies the specification or design.
8.5 The placing of stones to result in minimum voids.
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9. CONCRETE
Check: 9.1 All ingredients cement, aggregates and water are of the type and
quality specified.
9.2 Cement is fresh, not older than six months and is delivered to the
site in the manufacturers original sealed bags.
9.3 Cement is stored in a dry and well-ventilated store, on a wooden
floor raised minimum 20cm. above the ground.
9.4 Cement is stocked separately.
9.5 The cement has markings showing the type and dates of
consignment pinned to it and check it is used in the order of its
arrival.
9.6 Cement more than six months old after production is tested to
satisfy the specified requirements.
9.7 Sand or fine aggregate to be clean river or pits sand of approved
quality and consist of hard, dense, durable uncoated rock
fragments.
9.8 Sand to be clear of impurities like dust, mica and organic matter.
Check course aggregates: 9.9 Rejected samples of aggregates are removed from the site within
24 hours.
9.10Course aggregate to be crushed basaltic stone or gravel of
approved quality
9.11Course aggregate to be hard, dense, durable, non-porous and
uncoated rock fragments.
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9.18Is not taken from sea or tidal rivers to be used for structural
concrete. If possible water shall be piped or otherwise stored in
an enclosed container free from contamination.
9.19 If there are any doubts about the water a sample shall be taken
for testing.
9.20If the temperature of the water exceeds 60c it is first mixed with
the aggregate before the cement is added.
9.21The concrete is mixed to a uniform color and consistency prior to
placing.
9.22 Hand mixing is not allowed, but if unavoidable it shall be used
only for class II concrete and shall under no circumstance be
allowed for concrete of class C-20 and above.
9.23Concrete is mixed in an approved mechanical batch mixer
machine; the mixer is thoroughly cleaned from burdened dried
concrete and other kind of dirt before use.
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9.24Mixer, which has been cut of use for more than 20 minutes, is
thoroughly washed before any fresh concrete is mixed as
specified in the standard technical specification.
9.25The mixer drum is tight to avoid loss of mortar. The valves must
not leak mixing water.
9.26The specified mixing time is carefully adhere to but in no case
shall the mixing discontinue for less than 2 minutes after adding
water as specified in the standard technical specifications.
9.27The batch capacity. The contractor must not be allowed to exceed
the rated capacity of the mixer.
9.28 The materials enter the drum rapidly.
9.29
9.30 Mixed concrete is not modified by the addition of extra water and
cement, in order to facilitate handling of any other purpose.
9.31 Before any casting starts at the site, test cubes of side dimension
15x15x15 or cylinders of diameter 15cm and length 30cm of
wood or steel are made ready.
9.32All reinforcement and formwork are properly placed prior to as
concreting and the mix approved and also check inspection
certificate No. 002 is filled and approved by the designer.
9.33For any one structure samples are made at the same time from
the same batch and the date clearly marked on each cube.
9.34Test cubes are made when directed but not less than one set of
nine cubes for each 100m3 of concrete placed, or if the rate of
placing is less than 100m3 then each 10 days or every floor for
multistory structures in accordance with the standard technical
specifications.
9.35Three cubes of each set are tested at 3 and 7 or 7 and 14 days
and the third at 28/45 days for OPC/PPC all in accordance with the
code of practice.
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9.54If
10.2
All pre-stressing components are clean and free from loose rust
at the time of fixing in position and subsequent concreting.
All pre-stressing tendons are not welded within the length to be
tensioned.
All pre-stressing tendons (cables) are not twisted and individual
wires or strands are identifiable at each member.
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
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STEEL REINFORCEMENT
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Check: 12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
All bars with cracks or splits at the bend are not used for
construction.
12.7
All mild steels have their ends booked, and the bending radius
meets the specification or drawings.
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
to
the
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12.12
12.13
12.14
13.
MORTAR
Check: 13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
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13.9
14.
Check: 14.1
14.2
14.3
The stone is hard, sound, free from crack and decay and not
weathered.
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
Check: -
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15.1
The hollow concrete blocks are free from laminations, cracks and
other defects that would impair the proper setting, strength or
permanence of the construction.
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
For curing of hollow blocks, that they are kept moist, at least
for /seven/ (7) days after casting.
15.7
That the blocks are properly dried under shade for at least 14
days before they are used for construction.
15.8
15.9
Hollow blocks and the walls are kept free from soil and other
kind of dirt during execution.
15.10 All joints vertical and horizontal are well filled with the specified
mortar.
15.11
15.12
15.13
That the joints and the walls are in plum within 3m.
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Average of 6 Blocks
Individual
Blocks
38kg/cm2
32kg/cm2
/cm
Class A
42kg/cm2
Class B
35kg/cm2
Class C
20kg/cm2
18kg
15.20 All hollow concrete block walling comply with the standard
technical specification.
16.
Check: 16.1
Bricks are not dumped on site but stocked to regular pattern and
are unloaded.
16.2
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16.3
16.4
Sample panels of not less than 1m 2 for each type of brick work
including joint pointing for painted surface are prepared.
16.5
All brick works are laid in good English bond even and true to
line plumb within 3m, level and all joints accurately kept.
16.6
All points vertical and horizontal are well filled with specified
mortar.
16.7
16.8
All bricks of the same dimensions are only used in the same
wall.
16.9
Brick samples are taken at random from the load approved and
also manufactures test certificate submitted.
comply
with
the
standard
technical
WOODEN WALLS
Check: 17.1
of
wood
are
according
to
17.2
All wood for wall are well seasoned, free from major knots,
worms, splits and bends.
17.3
All wood for construction are stored free from the ground and
well protected against rain.
17.4
17.5
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17.6
18.5
The wall, depending on the material is kept wet for some time
before any plaster is applied. Its not enough to sprinkle water
just before plastering.
19.
Check: -
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19.1 The shape and size of structural steel members comply with the
requirements of the specification and the manufactures
standards.
19.2 Size location, elevation and plumbing of anchor bolts.
19.3 Condition and capacity of welding equipment.
19.4 Conformity of electrodes to specifications and correct usage.
19.5
19.6 Steel before and after fabrication is straight and free from twist
or other damages.
19.7
19.8
19.9
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19.17
19.18
19.19
19.20
All steel which will have concrete cast against them are
clean and free from loose rust at the time of concreting.
19.21
20.
Check: 20.1 Before any paving starts, the mass concrete is completely free
from standing water.
20.2 Cement tiles conform to the standards.
20.3 In the mass concrete surface immediately before the bedding is
laid, a slum of cement and water is brushed, unless specified.
20.4 The bedding is of cement mortar, one part cement to four parts
sand (1:4) and the slump is 2-5 cm and over.
20.5 The bedding thickness is 2 3 cm.
20.6 The tiles are gently knocked down into the bedding so the mortar
will be forced up in the joints approximately 5mm.
20.7 When the bedding is hard enough usually after one day the joints
which shall be 2 4 mm wide are filled with cement mortar.
20.8 Expansion joints are executed as indicated on drawings.
20.9 The complete floor under construction is protected for the first 14
days and kept wet and is protected against damage.
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21.
WALL TILES
Check: 21.1 Wall tiles are soaked in clean water before laying and taken out
just before use.
21.2 Tiles are bedded with straight joints in cement and sand (1:3) and
grouted in white cement.
21.3 The work when completed is cleaned properly before approval.
21.4 Only tiles free from defects are used for the construction.
22.
PVC TILES
Check: 22.1 PVC tiles are laid on floor screeds with approved glue and in
accordance with manufacturers instruction.
22.2 Only tiles free from defects are used for the construction.
22.3
23.
Check: 23.1 Asbestos cement sheets are free from visible defects.
23.2 The surface of asbestos cement sheet is of uniform texture and
smooth on one side.
23.3
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23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
Steel hook bolts and nuts are zinc coated, the size and use of
which shall be as per manufacturers instruction.
23.8
23.9
23.10 Steel hook bolts and nuts are used to fix galvanized steel
sheets and asbestos roofing to steel and wooden truss
members and purlins.
23.11 Fixing holes are drilled in crown of corrugation of roofing sheets.
23.12 Holes are 5mm larger in diameter than bolts or screws.
23.13 Holes are 40mm far from edges of sheet.
23.14 Sheets are laid with laps not less than 150mm.
23.15 Side laps of sheets are minimum one and half corrugations.
23.16 Upper laps of sheets are constructed away from prevailing
wind.
23.17 No person other than workmen in roofing has access to roof
area.
23.18 All roofing work
specification.
complies
with
the
standard
technical
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24.
Check: 24.1 Gutters and down pipes are formed with the specified gauge
galvanized mild steel flat sheet from suitable lengths and to
shapes
shown on the drawings.
24.2 Gutter hangers and down pipe supports are 2.25mm anti-rust
painted flat sheet spaced at 1 meter center maximum unless
otherwise specified.
24.3 Joints of gutter are lapped 15cm and welded.
24.4 Joints of gutter after welding treated with three coats of zinc
paint.
25.
Check: 25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
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25.6
25.7
Timber ready for use is free from live borer, beetle or other
insect attack.
25.8
25.9
25.10 All timber surface exposed by cutting are treated with three
coats of approved preservations.
25.11 All pressure-impregnated timber is treated with preservative
chemicals at a pressure of not less than 10 atmospheres and in
accordance with the chemical manufacturers instruction.
25.12 Fixed joinery is completely protected from damage until the
completion of the construction.
25.13 Profile of sections is not modified from those shown on drawings
without approval.
25.14 Right type of door is fixed in the right place and that the doors
swing in accordance to the drawings.
25.15 Doorframes and window frames are fixed straight and in plumb.
25.16 Hinges, locks, latch, and handles are of approved type and
properly fixed.
25.17 Window panels are of the right thickness and properly fixed.
25.18 All carpentry and joinery to comply with the standard technical
specification.
26.
CEILING
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26.3 The ceiling is cleaned and well fixed when the work is completed.
27.
PAINTING
27.1
27.2
The painting
instructions.
is
done
according
to
the
manufacturers
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
All brushes and tins used for painting are clean and free from
old paint.
27.7
27.8
28.
29.
WATER WELL
Check: 29.1 The water well is dug according to the specifications and
drawings, if possible dug during the dry season.
29.2 If septic tanks, soak away pits and dry latrines are situated
nearby and inform the designer to change the position of the
wall.
29.3 The water is tested and approved after the digging is completed.
29.4 The masonry work is not started before the test result is issued
and approved.
30.
Check: 30.1 The dimensions and types, tubes, valves and water tower in
according to the specifications and drawings.
30.2 All valves, unless otherwise specified is buried in the ground to a
minimum depth of 30cm.
30.3 All valves are placed according to the drawings.
30.4
Inspect and approve the supply lines before any back filling
starts.
31.2
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31.3
31.4
Pipes and tubes are placed in the hard-core with minimum 10cm
covering layer sand or in channels of floors as indicated on the
drawings.
31.5
31.6
31.7
All exposed pipes and tubes are well cleaned and painted as
specified.
31.8
32.
with
the
standard
technical
SEWER SYSTEM
Check: 32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
Unless otherwise specified, the pipes are laid on sand bed with a
minimum thickness of 10cm and in an absolutely straight line
with and even slope of minimum 1:100 and covering soil layer is
minimum 50cm.
32.6
32.7
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32.8
32.9
32.13
Backfill soil is of good quality; free from stones and it is not top
soil.
32.14
32.15
32.16
32.17
33.
Check: 33.1
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33.2
The position of septic tank and soak away pit if situated nearby
water wells, and inform the designer for the change of the
positions.
33.3
33.4
33.5
34.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Check: 34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
The conduits are free from defects and cover the wires all the
ways.
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
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34.14
34.15
The backfill soil is of good quality, free form stones and it is not
top
soil.
34.16
34.17
34.18
34.19
34.20
34.21
34.22
35.
RETAINING WALLS
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Check: 35.1
The trench to be free from loose soil, roots and pieces of wood
before construction.
35.2
35.3
35.4
All stones and the wall are kept free from soil and other kind of
dirt during execution.
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
36.
SITE WORK
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36.6 And decide the place to pile up the excavated top soil and check
it is 2 meters outside the building perimeter.
36.7 And decide the place for the cart away, which is not necessary for
backfilling or terracing.
36.8 All backfilling and terracing is done in layers not exceeding 20cm
and if vibrating or roller machine is used the thickness must be
40cm.
36.9
Before backfilling starts the ground is free from top soil, grass,
bushes, roots and pieces of wood.
37.6
37.7
37.8
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37.9
38.5
Half concrete pipes are laid in and joined with cement mortar
(1:3).
38.6
38.7
All pipes are laid so that each one is in contact with the bed
throughout the length of its barrel.
39.
Check: 39.1 The type of fence and gate are according to the specifications
and drawings.
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Arithmetic error
Contract prices
Contract quantities
Contract time
Actual measurement sheets
Variation orders
supplementary agreements
Validity of performance bond
Progress reports
Classification
2.
walls
Class C
and portions
Note: - six full size samples shall be taken from a lot of 4000 blocks or
fraction
there of for the compression test.
3. Dimensions.
Height h
(mm)
Length L
(mm)
Face shell
d (mm)
100
200
400
20
Max. unit
weight
(kg/m3)
1200
150
200
400
25
1200
200
200
400
30
1200
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250
200
400
35
1200
300
200
400
40
1200
Average of 6 units
Mpa
Mpa
4.2
42
3.5
35
2.0
20
Individual unit
Mpa
Mpa
3.8
38
3.2
32
1.8
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Concrete
Concrete is a composite material consisting essentially of a binding medium
with in which are embedded particles of a relatively inert filler materials.
In cement concrete the binder is cement and the filler material is aggregate
of graded size from sand to pieces of stone of varying diameter and shape.
Property of concrete
Property of fresh concrete
As soon as water is brought in contact with other ingredient of concrete,
freshly mixed concrete gradually under goes changes until it becomes hard.
In its plastic the most important properties are.
Workability
Consistency
Segregation
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Bleeding
Workability
Fresh mixed concrete should be easy to be transported, placed. Consolidated
and finished without any segregation. The workability of concrete is affected
by water content, size of aggregate shape of aggregate grading of aggregate
etc.
Consistency
Consistency is closely related to workability. It is a term which describes the
ease with which fresh concrete flows. It is used to indicate degree of
wetness.
Measurement of workability
Among various methods of determining the workability of concrete the most
common method is slump test. It is performed by measuring the subsidence
of a pile of concrete formed in a mould in the shape of a frustum of a cone
with base diameter 20cm and top diameter 10cm and the height is 30cm. A
tamping rod of steel 16mm diameter and 0.60m long is used to compact the
concrete in the mould. The slump which is the subsidence of the concrete
cone after the mould is lifted up and carefully observed gives the following
three results
True slump
Note: -
shear slump
collapsed slump
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Type of construction
Slump in mm
Max
min
50
25
Pavement
50
25
75
25
substructure walls
75
25
Bridge deck
100
50
125
75
125
75
Columns
Classes of concrete
Concrete is graded in terms of its characteristic compressive cube strength
attained at the age of 28 days in Mpa. For example C25 means characteristics
cube compressive strength attained at the age 28 days (25Mpa).
The permissible grades for concrete for the two classes of concrete work are
given below.
Class
I
II
Class I
registered
C5 C15
C5
C15
Permissible grades
C20 C25 C30 C40 C50 C60
C20
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Table: - Standard mixes for ordinary structural concrete per 50kg bag of cement
C5
C 15
C 20
C 25
C 30
40
20
14
10
Medium
30 to 60
High
60 to 120
Medium
20 to 50
High
50 to 100
Medium
10 to 30
High
30 to 60
Medium
10 to 25
High
25 to 50
640
30 - 45
0.312
550
30 - 45
0.275
540
35 - 50
0.277
480
36 - 50
0.252
370
30- 45
0.20
330
30- 45
0.183
320
35- 50
0.178
280
35- 50
0.16
305
30- 35
0.165
270
30- 40
0.155
280
30- 40
0.156
250
35- 45
0.143
255
35- 45
0.146
220
40- 50
0.13
240
40- 50
0.137
200
45- 55
0.121
265
30- 35
0.147
240
30- 40
0.137
240
30- 40
0.137
215
35- 45
0.127
220
35- 45
0.13
195
40- 50
0.118
210
40- 50
0.124
175
45- 44
0.11
235
30- 35
0.134
215
30- 40
0.127
210
30- 40
0.124
190
35- 45
0.115
195
35- 45
0.115
170
40- 50
0.106
180
40- 50
0.109
150
45- 55
0.097
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