A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Machine Design Subject

Bachelor Of Science
in
Marine Engineering
by
H.A.D Nisanga Nuwantha (ME/2013/014)

Department Of Marine Engineering

Ocean University
Sri Lanka
August-2015

If you want full project report with

calculation steps send me a email.
My email=hadnisanga@gmail.com

Department of Marine Engineering

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I do hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this report entitled A SCREW
JACK submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
credits of MaE406 MACHINE DESIGN SUBJECT, This design is an authentic record of my own
work carried out under the supervision of Mr. SHIRAN NANAYAKKARA(Visiting lecturer from
University of Moratuwa)

H.A.D. N Nuwantha
(ME/2013/014)

Page 1 of 36

Acknowledgement
This project would have been a distant reality if not for the help and encouragement from
various people. We take immense pleasure in thanking Mr Shiran Nanayakkara,lecturer
in Mechanical Department of the university of Moratuwa, for having permitted us to
carry out this project work.So I like to express my deep sense of gratitudes for his able
guidance, encouragement and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the
project in time.
Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved
parents for their blessings, my friends for their help and wishes for the successful
completion of this project.
H.A.D Nisanga Nuwantha

Page 2 of 36

CONTENT
Title

Page no

01.Nomenclature
02.Project description
03.Design criterion and ergonomics consideration
3.1)Human Factor in Design
3.2)Factor of Safety
3.3)Hazards
3.4) Design optimizations used to prevent hazards

4
5
6

04.Project flow chart

05.Material Selection
5.1)Factors Determinig The Choice of Materials
5.1.1)Properties
5.1.2)Manufacturing
5.1.3)Quality Required
5.1.4)Availability of Materials
5.1.5)Space consideration
5.1.6)Cost

8
9

5.2)Material Data
5.3)Material Selection by considering the Screw Jack Parts
5.3.1)Frame
5.3.2)Screw
5.3.3)Nut
5.3.4)Handle
5.3.5)Cup
5.3.6)Setscrew
5.3.7)Washer
06.Design Calculation
07.Summary of the calculation
08.Limitation,Specifications and Instructions
09.Drawings
10.Conclution

12
13

Page 3 of 36

15
27
30
31
36

01
p l d dc dm W Rn F T c t s s cr y tn Pb -

k I A E -

NOMENCLATURE

Pitch of screw thread (mm)

Lead of screw thread (mm)
Nominal diameter of screw (mm)
Core diameter of screw (mm)
Mean diameter of screw
Helix angle of screw (degree)
Load (kg)
Normal reaction
Coefficient of friction
Effort (N)
Friction angle (degree)
Torque (N.m)
Efficiency (%)
Direct compressive stress (MPa)
Torsional shear stress (MPa)
Principal shear stress (MPa)
Transverse shear stress (MPa)
Crushing stress(MPa)
Yield strength of the material (MPa)
Thread thickness at the core diameter (mm)
Number of threads in engagement with the nut.
Unit bearing pressure (MPa)
Least radius of gyration of the cross-section about its axis (mm)
Least moment of inertia of the cross-section (mm4)
Area of the cross-section (mm2)
Modulus of elasticity (MPa)

Page 4 of 36

02

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Design of a screw jack to lift a load of 2000N(200kg).The maximum height which

the load is lifted should be 12inch
(H 0.3m).
It is required to design a screw jack for supporting the machine parts during their
repair and maintenance on the shop floor. It should be a general-purpose jack with
a load carrying capacity of 2000N.The jack is to be manually operated.
This design should include-:
I. Design of the screw
II. Design of the nut
III. Design of the tongue
IV. Design of the handle(Tommy bar)
V. Design of the thrust bearing
with
I. Material selection
II. Design calculations (Forces and Torques, Effort needed to lift the load etc.)
III. Checking components for failure

Page 5 of 36

03

Design Criterion and Ergonomic

Consideration

3.1) Human factor in design

According to ergonomic consideration a mature man can lift weight up to 1/2 of his
weight.
This criterion is applied when work is not continuous. Capacity is 1/3 for continues
work.
Thus average weight of person is 60KG.
So he can apply 30KG i.e. 300N
Suppose two workers are working the total force
= 300*2*0.9
=540N
Mechanical jack can be either hand operated or power driven. But in my design I
consider this as hand operating screw jack.
Maximum hand force exert = 10kg = 100N approximately

3.2) Factor of safety

Although screw jack is simple and widely used device, the use of any lifting device is
subjected to certain hazards. Breakdown of the jack has serious consequences such as
injury to the operator and damage to the machine parts. To account this for safety aspect,
a higher factor of safety is not unsuitable.
I choosed
Factor of safety = 3; In most existing designs they have used SF = 3 -15

3.4) Hazards
Dropping, tipping or slipping of machines or their parts during operation. These hazards
may result in serious accidents. The main reasons for the accidents are as follows;
I.
II.

The load is improperly secured on the jack.

The screw jack is overloaded.
Page 6 of 36

III.
IV.
V.

The centre of gravity of the load is off centre with respect to the axis of the jack.
The screw jack is not placed on hard and level surface.
The screw jack is used for a purpose for which it is not designed.

Proper size, strength and stability are the essential requirements for the design of the
screw jack from safety considerations.

3.5)Design optimizations which I have used to prevent Hazards

I.
II.
III.
IV.

I have Optimized the area of the contacting surface(platform at the top of the
screw) of the Cup(or head) .This will help to secure the load when operating.
Bottom surface(platform at the top of the screw) of the screw jack is leveled and
has optimized the contacting area. Also this surface has designed for a better grip.
Screw jack is well symmetric and its centre of gravity will be on its centre line.
It is designed only to lift a 2000N load(maximum).

Page 7 of 36

Project Flow Chart

Select screw jack type
And
Load

04

Determine the Objectives

and Scope
Scopes
Problem analysis

Literature review

Study on previous
research

Study on previous
research

Create new design

Analysis of result

Design Optimization

Final calculations

Results

Page 8 of 36

05

Material Selection

Materials require for the manufacturing of a components depends upon the

following factors:
5.1)FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.
5.1.1) Properties:
The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface
finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals,
service life, reliability etc.
The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect
their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, Thermal

Conductivity, Specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,
electrical Conductivity, Magnetic purposes etc.
The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,
compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,
Page 9 of 36

impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity,

hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are.
Castability,
Weldability,
Brazability,
orge ability,
erchantability,
urface properties,
hrinkage,
Deep drawing etc.

5.1.2) Manufacturing Case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface
qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may
demand the use of special materials.

5.1.3) Quality Required:

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material.
For example, it would never be desirable to go for casting of a less number of
components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or
hand forging the steel.

Page 10 of 36

5.1.4) Availability of Material:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply. It then becomes obligatory for
the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect
substitute for the material designed.
The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be kept in
mind.

5.1.5) Space Consideration:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces
involved are high and the space limitations are there.

5.1.6) Cost:
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an
important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of
the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

Page 11 of 36

5.2)Material Data
Screw jack type - Screw does not rotates ,but translates and nut rotates.
Given Load = 2000N
Screw Material mild steel
1020 hot rolled
(UNS NO-10200,SAE and/or AISI no-1020)
Yield strength =210MPa
Youngs modulus(E)=205GPa
This is selected from Shigleys Mechanical Engineering
Design-Table A-20
Nut Material

Gray cast iron

Ultimate tensile strength=200MPa
FG200;as per IS:210-1993
(According to Indian material designation system)
This is selected from Khurmi & Ghupta Machine design book
page-20)

Page 12 of 36

5.3)Material Selection by considering the Screw Jack Parts

Screw jack has following parts
1] FRAME
2] SCREW
3] NUT
4] HANDLE
5] CUP
6] SET SCREW
7] WASHER

5.3.1] FRAME

The frame of the screw jack has complex shape. It is subjected to compressive
stress. Gray cast iron of grade FG200(Sut=200Mpa) is selected as the material
for the frame. Cast iron is cheap and it can be given any complex shape
without involving costly machining operations. Cast iron has higher
compressive strength compared with steel. Therefore it is technically and
economically advantageous to use cast iron for the frame.

5.3.2] SCREW

The screw is subjected to torsional moment, compressive forces and bending

moment. From strength consideration, mild steel of grade 1020 (Sut=210MPa)
is selected as the material for the screw. Also the screw or power screw thread
is always a square type because it has more efficiency than trapezoidal threads
and there is no radial thrust on screw i.e. no Bursting Pressure, so motion is
uniform. Square threads are easy to form by using a single point cutting tool
in a lathe machine.
5.3.3] NUT

Also there is relative motion between the screw and the nut, which results in
friction. The friction causes the wear at the contacting surfaces. When the
Page 13 of 36

same material is used for these two components, the surfaces of both
components get worn out, requiring replacement. This is undesirable. The size
and the shape of the screw make it costly compared with the nut.therefore, if
at all a component is to be replaced due to wear, it should be nut, which is less
costly compared with the screw. The same Gray cast iron is selected for the
nut also.
5.3.4] HANDLE

The handle is subjected to bending moment. The yield strength is the criterion
for the selection of the material. Mild steel of grade 1020(Sut=210MPa) is
selected as the material for the handle.
5.3.5] CUP

The shape and dimensions of the cup are such that it is easier and economical
to make it by the casting process. Gray cast iron of grade FG200 is used for
the cup.
5.3.6] SETSCREW

Purpose of set screw is to resist relative motion between two

bodies.Commercial steel is good for that purpose.
5.3.7] WASHER

Washer is to provide uniform force of tightening nut over screw force by

enlarging area under actions of force. We can use brass washer.The complete
part list of the screw jack is given in the following table.
Name of the
Quantity
Material
component
1
Gray cast iron FG200
Frame
1
Mild steel AISI 1020
Screw
1
Gray cast iron FG200
Nut
1
Mild steel AISI 1020
Handle
1
Gray cast iron FG200
Cup
1
Bronze
Washer
1
Commercial steel
Setscrew
1
Mild steel AISI 1020
Tongue
Page 14 of 36

07

Summary of the Calculation

General

Safety factor

Allowable stress of the screw material

70MPa

Allowable shear stress of the screw

material

21MPa

Allowable stress of the nut material

66.67MPa

Allowable shear stress of the nut material

20MPa

Coefficient of friction

0.133

Given Load

2000N

Effective load on the screw

2046N

Design of Screw
Inner diameter

17mm

Outer diameter

22mm

Pitch

5mm

Helix angle

4.666o

Friction angle

7.576o

Torque exerted by the nut on the screw

Effective axial load

4311.84Nmm
2046N

Shear stress due to torque on the screw

4.469MPa

Direct compressive stress due to axial

loading

9.014MPa

Maximum principal stress(Compressive)

10.85MPa

Maximum principal stress(Shear)

6.35MPa

Crushing stress on the thread

4.675MPa

Shear stress on the thread

2.682MPa

Page 27 of 36

Design of Tongue
Material

Is the same as the screw

Width

5mm

Thickness

3mm

Height

15mm

Area under shear

60mm2

Area under crushing

45mm2

Normal force on the tongue

344.95N

Crushing stress on the tongue

7.67MPa

Shear stress on the tongue

5.75MPa

Design of Bearing
Bearing type

Plain thrust bearing

Bearing material

Bearing bronze

Coefficient of friction

0.07

Inner diameter

22mm

Outer diameter

44mm

Static load rating

4600N

Allowable bearing pressure

10MPa

Crushing stress at the bearing

1.794MPa

Friction torque at the bearing(uniform

pressure)

2450.65Nmm

Friction torque at the bearing(uniform

wear)

4726.26Nmm

Design for Nut

Material

Gray cast iron

Safety factor

Crushing stress on the nut

4.197MPa
Page 28 of 36

Shear stress on the nut

2.026MPa

No of threads in the nut

10

Height of the nut

50mm

Torque and Efficiency Calculations

Total torque

9038.1Nmm

Length of the handle

200mm

Mechanical efficiency

17.84%

Page 29 of 36

08

Limitations, Specifications and

Instructions

Screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or

lower the load. Dont use for other purposes.

Maximum load is 2000N.

These jacks(bottle type screw jacks) are sturdier than the scissor jacks and can lift
heavier loads.

Maintain low surface contact pressure.

Increasing the screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact pressure for the
same working load. The higher the unit pressure and the higher the surface speed,
the more rapid the wear will be.

Maintain low surface speed.

Increasing the screw head will reduce the surface speed for the same linear speed.

Keep the mating surfaces well lubricated.

The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease fittings or other
lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut.

Keep the mating surfaces clean.

Page 30 of 36

Dirt can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade
the mating screw surface. The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving
the hard dirt particles to scrap away the mating screw material.

Keep heat away.

When the mating surfaces heat up, they become much softer and are more easily
worn away. Means to remove the heat such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks
must be provided so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be avoided.

This screw jack must be operated on a flat surface.

Load can be kept in lifted position.

After fabrication, the mechanical jack should be proof tested. In a proof test, the
jack is loaded to 150% of its rated load with the lifting member at approximately
90% of full extension. After this test, the jack should be functional for full
extension under 100% of the lifting load.4,5

The jack shall be visually examined for general condition before each shift or each
use,whichever is less frequent.

A determination of the load shall be made to assure that it is within the load rating
of the jack.
The jack shall be firmly supported at the base such that it is stable under load.

Page 31 of 36

 Operators shall be instructed in proper use of the jack.

Ensure that there is sufficient swing area for the handle.
The rated load should be legibly and durably marked in a prominent position on the
jack.
The nut and the thrust bearing of the jack should be regularly lubricated with proper
lubrication like grease.
The strength and stability considerations in design are no doubt essential for
safety.However, they are not enough to prevent an accident. It is essential to have
personal involved in the use and operation of jack to be careful.

ASME B 30.1 -1992:jacks-The American society of Mechanical Engineers.

ASME PALD 1993-Portable Automative Lifting Devices - The American

society of Mechanical Engineers.

Page 32 of 36

Department of Marine Engineering

Ocean University
Sri Lanka

SCREW JACK
Page 33 of 36

Drawn by

H.A.D.N Nuwantha

Date

ME406 Machine Design

10

15

230

30

5
17

SCREW

Page 34 of 36

H.A.D.N Nuwantha
Dept. of Marine Engineering
Ocean University
Sri Lanka

50

50

12

55

15

215

10

30

20

50

20

120
ELEVATION
110

10

15

120

170

NUT

R5

5
SCREW
SCALE 1:2

BODY
SECTIONAL PLAN ON B-B
SCALE 1 : 1.5

SCREW JACK
Page 35 of 36

H.A.D.N Nuwantha
Dept. of Marine Engineering
Ocean University
Sri Lanka

10
CONCLUTION
Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of
anything from a couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes.The need has long
existed for an improved portable jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable
that a jack become available that can be operated alternatively from inside the
vehicle or from a location of safety off the road on which the vehicle is located.
Such a jack should desirably be light enough and be compact enough so that it can
be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most adults to its
position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a 4,000-5,000 pound
vehicle off the ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable by a
switch so that jacking can be done from a position of safety. It should be easily
movable either to a position underneath the axle of the vehicle or some other
reinforced support surface designed to be engaged by a jack.
Thus, the product has been developed considering all the above requirements. This
particular design of the screw jack will prove to be beneficial in lifting and
lowering of loads.

Page 36 of 36