Subjonctivul in engleza

Modul subjonctiv in engleza se foloseste in urmatoarele cazuri:

o actiune posibila in viitor
o actiune nerealizata in trecut sau prezent
o recomandare, un sfat
Subjonctivul in engleza se formeaza cu :
I. infinitivul scurt al verbului
1) dupa constructii ca: It is necessary, It is advisable, It is recommendable, It is possible, It is
unsure, It is probable (formulari ca si "He/she recommends", "He/she advices", "He/she
requests" );

2) in propozitii de scop (so that ...); ex.: She did her work so that she can watch the movie
with us.
3) in propozitii concesive ( however ... ); ex.: I help my brother however much it costs.
4) in exclamatii afective: ex.: Bless you !
5) in formule (infinitiv scurt):
Long live the queen. (Triasc regina!)
So be it. (Aa s fie.)
Suffice it to say. (Este suficient de zis.)
Be that as it may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Come what may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Say what you will. (Spune ce vrei.)
II. Forma de "Past Tense" a verbului, pentru a exprima:
1) un regret prezent
I wish I could go with you.
If only he called me!
If only I had heard about the concert!
2) ceva ce e ireal in prezent (cu constructiile "as if", "as though");
3) preferinta (cind se folosesc constructiile "would rather/ sooner", "it is time", "had better", "I'd
prefer").
You had better do your homework.
Id prefer if he comes with me.
III. Forma de "Past Perfecte Tense" a verbului, pentru a exprima un regret cu privire la o
actiune anterioara timpului din propozitia principala:
ex.: I wish(ed) you had called me.

IV. Alte forme de imperativ:

Somebody turn the lights off!
Come on, hurry up!
V. Dupa verbe ce exprima dorinta ca cineva sa realizeze o actiune: ask, advise, desire, intend,
order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, want; dupa verbe ce exprima planuri: arrange,
leave word, pland; after adjectives expressing feelings: anxious, willing, eager, pleased, glad.
They requested that the bus come at four pm.
I planned that they should visit the hotel beforehand.
We were anxious that our parents should watch this movie.
VI. Cu "may/might"
May you live long !
However long the way might be, we must go there.
Alte observatii privind subjonctivul in engleza :
1) in constructiile cu "for + subiect" se foloseste forma lunga a infinitivului:
It's time for him to leave.
2) "if need be" inseamna "if it is necessary"
If need be I can always come over.
Cum se identifica
Subjonctivul se foloseste cand avem :

o actiune posibila in viitor

o actiune nerealizata (ireala) in trecut sau prezent

o recomandare, un sfat

Exemple
It is necessary that the work be done. (recomandare, sfat, deci AVEM subjonctiv)
He speaks as if he were not from Bucharest. (situatie ireala in prezent, deci AVEM subjonctiv)
El vorbeste ca si cum nu ar fi din Bucuresti, dar e din Bucuresti.
He speaks as if he is not from Bucharest. (situatie reala in prezent, deci NU AVEM subjonctiv)
El vorbeste ca si cum nu ar fi din Bucuresti, dar nici nu e din Bucuresti.
It's time you went to bed. (recomandare, sfat, deci AVEM subjonctiv)

Comentarii
Subjonctivul in engleza se formeaza cu :
a) infinitivul scurt al verbului
1) dupa constructii ca: It is necessary, It is advisable, It is recommendable, It is possible, It is unsure, It is
probable ( ca si formularile de genul "He recommends", "He advices", "He requests" );
2) in propozitii de scop (so that ...);

ex.: Come earlier so that you find him at home. (forma americana)
Come earlier so that you can find him at home. (forma britanica)
3) in propozitii concesive ( however ... ); ex.: I go there however difficult it be.
4) in exclamatii afective: ex.: Bless you !
5) In formulas (short infinitive):

Long live the queen. (Triasc regina!)

So be it. (Aa s fie.)
Come what may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Suffice it to say. (Este suficient de zis.)
Be that as it may. (Fie ce o fi.)
Say what you will. (Spune ce vrei.)
b) forma de "Past Tense" a verbului, pentru a exprima:
1) un regret prezent
I wish I knew her address. ( ... nu-i stiu adresa si regret);

If only he was faithful to me!

(Dac mi-ar fi fidel!)
If only I had known about her mischance!
(Dac a fi tiut de ghinionul ei!)
2) ceva ce e ireal in prezent (cu constructiile "as if", "as though");
3) preferinta (cind se folosesc constructiile "would rather/ sooner", "it is time", "had better", "I'd prefer").

You had better go home.

(Mai bine ai merge acas.)
Id prefer if you didnt go.
(A prefera s nu mergi.)
c) forma de "Past Perfecte Tense" a verbului, pentru a exprima un regret vis-a-vis de o actiune anterioara timpului
din propozitia principala:
ex.: I wish(ed) you had written to him. (As dori/ As fi dorit ca tu sa-i fi scris lui.)
d) alte forme de imperativ:
Somebody bring me a glass of water!
(Cineva s mi aduc un pahar cu ap!)

Come on everybody, leave the room!

(Haidei, toat lumea s prseasc ncperea!)
e) After verbs expressing a desire that someone should do something: ask, advise, desire, intend, order,
recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, want; after verbs expressing plans: arrange, leave word, pland; after
adjectives expressing feelings: anxious, willing, eager, pleased, glad.

They demanded that the meeting be held in our new conference room.
(Au cerut ca ntlnirea s se in n sala nou de conferine.)
We planned that they should see the room beforehand.
(Am plnuit s vedem camera nainte.)

She was anxious that they should see her dancing.

(Era emoionat c o vor vedea dansnd.)
f) cu "may/might"
May you live long!
(S trieti mult!)
However tired might he be, he must come down.
(Orict de obosit ar fi, trebuie s vin jos.)
Alte comentarii:
i) Forma de "Past Tense" a lui "to be" este "were";
ii) in constructiile cu "for + subiect" se foloseste forma lunga a infinitivului:
It's time for you to go to bed.
iv) In engleza americana, in propozitia subordonata introdusa de "that" cand propozitia principala exprima o
recomandare, decizie, cerere, speranta, intentie sau surprindere.

They recommended that he pay more attention to class.

(I-au recomandat s fie mai atent la lecie.)
They hoped that he be elected President.
(Au sperat s fie ales preedinte.)
They suggested that our flowers be put into a vase.
(Au sugerat ca florile noastre s fie puse n vaz.)
v) if need be inseamna if it is necessary
If need be she can always tell him the truth.
(La nevoie, i poate spune oricnd adevrul.)