Physics Department

Year Three
Name : ______________________________

Class: _______________

______ / 29
Date due: ______________

Worksheet 06A : Energy, Work and Power

Candidates should be able to:
(a) show understanding that kinetic energy, potential energy (chemical, gravitational, elastic), light energy, thermal
energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy are examples of different forms of energy
(b) state the principle of the conservation of energy and apply the principle to new situations or to solve related problems
(c) calculate the efficiency of an energy conversion using the formula efficiency = energy converted to useful output /
total energy input
(d) state that kinetic energy Ek = mv2 and gravitational potential energy Ep = mgh (for potential energy changes near the
Earths surface)
(e) apply the relationships for kinetic energy and potential energy to new situations or to solve related problems
(f) recall and apply the relationship work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force to new situations or
to solve related problems
(g) recall and apply the relationship power = work done / time taken to new situations or to solve related problems

Section A Key points

1 List four different forms of energy.
~ Kinetic energy
~ Potential energy (chemical, elastic, gravitational)
~ Electrical energy
~ Light energy
~ Thermal energy
~ Nuclear energy
2

State the principle of conservation of energy.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another,
the total amount remaining the same.

How do you calculate efficiency?

Efficiency =

100%

State the formula for calculating kinetic energy, Ek, stating clearly what each of the symbol
represents and its SI units.
Ek = mv2

useful energy output x

total energy input

where

Ek = kinetic energy (J)

m = mass of the body (kg)
v = speed of the body (m s-1)

State the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy, Ep, stating clearly what each of
the symbol represents and its SI units.
Ep = mgh

Y3Express WS06A / 2015

where Ep = Gravitational Potential Energy (J)

m = mass of the object (kg)
g = gravitational field strength (assumed to be 10 N kg-1)
or acceleration due to gravity (assumed to be 10 m s-2)
h = height of object with respect to the ground level (m)
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Define work done.

Work done by a constant force on an object is the product of the force and the distance
moved by the object in the direction of the force.

7. Define power.
Power is defined as the rate of work done or the rate of energy conversion.
Section B MCQ
N2001/I/8

A crane uses a petrol engine to lift a heavy girder.

What is the overall energy conversion in the system when the girder is moving at a steady rate?
A
chemical into kinetic
B
chemical into potential
C
kinetic into potential
D
potential into kinetic

N2001/I/9

A person exerts a horizontal force of 500 N on a box, which also experiences a friction force of 100 N.

How much work is done against friction when the box moves a horizontal distance of 3 m?
A
300 J
B
1200 J
C
1500 J
D
1800 J

N2002/I/8

A man weighs 600 N. He runs up stairs of total height 4 metres in 3 seconds.

How much power is exerted by the man?
A
450 W
B
800 W
C
2400 W

7200 W

720 J

N2003/I/8

A student who weighs 500 N climbs up a flight of stairs 10 metres high in 5 seconds.
What power does she develop?
A
500 x 10 x 5 W
B
500 x 10 W
5
C
500 x 5 W
5
D
5
W
500 x 10

N2003/I/9

A rock of mass 20 kg is travelling in space at a speed of 6 m/s.

What is its kinetic energy?
A
60 J
B
120 J
C
360 J

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N2004/I/11

The diagram shows a small car of mass 500 kg approaching a hill. It moves up the hill with uniform speed.

Ignore friction and take the value of g to be 10 N/kg.

How much work is done in moving the car up the hill?
A
5 x 103 J
B
5 x 104 J

1 x 105 J

1 x 106 J

N2004/I/13

When a 300 N force is applied to a box weighing 600 N, the box moves 3.0 m horizontally in 20 s.

What is the average power?

A
45 W
B

90 W

900 W

1800 W

N2005/I/11

A mass hangs on a string fixed at point P. It starts from position 1 and swings to
the furthest position on the opposite side, position 2. It then oscillates several
times with decreasing amplitude before ending at position 3.
Where does the ball have the most kinetic energy?
A
at position 1
B
at position 2
C
the first time at position 3
D
the last time at position 3

N2005/I/12

A girl of weight 500 N runs up a flight of stairs in 10 seconds. The vertical height of the stairs is 5 m.

What is the average power developed by the girl?

A
50 W
B
100 W

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250 W

1000 W

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N2006/I/8

10

A young child holds a ball over the edge of a balcony. The ball possesses gravitational potential energy. The ball is released,
falls on to a concrete path below, and bounces back up.

Which sequence represents, in the correct order, the transformations of the gravitational potential energy after the ball
is released?
A
elastic potential energy kinetic energy chemical potential energy
B
elastic potential energy kinetic energy elastic potential energy
C
kinetic energy elastic potential energy kinetic energy
D
kinetic energy gravitational potential energy elastic potential energy

N2006/I/9

11

A person exerts a horizontal force of 600 N on a box that also experiences a friction force of 200 N.
If it takes 4.0 seconds to move the box 3.0 m, what is the average useful power?
A
150 W
B
300 W
C
450 W
D
600 W

N2007/I/9

12

An apartment block receives water from a nearby reservoir. A pump is necessary to lift the water into a storage tank at
the top of the building.

The gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.

How much energy does the pump supply to lift each kilogram of water into the tank?
A
50 J
B
100 J
C
400 J

500 J

N2007/I/10

13

The energy absorbed by a solar panel is used to charge a battery. During the day, the battery stores 1.6 J of energy each
second. At night, the battery is used to light a 1.2 W lamp for 18000 s.
What is the minimum time for which the battery must be charged during the day?
A
9375 s
B
13 500 s
C
24 000 s
D
34 560 s

N2008/I/10

14

Which quantity is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of a force by the distance moved in the direction of the force?
A
acceleration
B
power
C
pressure
D
work

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N2008/I/11

15

A man pushes a heavy box across a floor. He exerts a force of 80 N and the box moves 4.0 m in 5.0 seconds.

What useful power does the man develop?

A
4.0 W
B
64 W

100 W

1600 W

N2009/I/11

16

A boy pushes a toy cart along a level road and then lets it go.
As the cart is slowing down, the biggest energy change is from
A
heat to kinetic.
B
kinetic to heat.
C
kinetic to potential.
D
potential to heat.

N2009/I/12

17

At a height of 20 m above the ground, an object of mass 4.0 kg is released from rest. It is travelling at a speed of 20 m/s
when it hits the ground. The object does not rebound and the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
How much energy is converted into heat and sound on impact?
A
40 J
B
80 J
C
800 J
D
1600 J

N2010/I/13

18

A box of mass m kg is lifted vertically from the floor onto a shelf h cm above it.
The gravitational field strength is g N/kg.
What is the work done in J?
A
mh/100
B
mgh x 100
C
mgh

mgh/100

1500 W

20 000 N

N2010/I/14

19

An athlete keeps fit by doing press-ups.

He applies a force of 300 N as he pushes up a distance of 0.5 m.

He does 10 press-ups in 30 s.
What is his average power output in 30s?
A
5W
B
50 W
C
150 W

N2011/I/11

20

A mass M is hung from a spring. It is then pulled down slightly and allowed to
vibrate vertically between P and Q.
Which row is correct?
energy at point P
energy at point Q
A
kinetic
kinetic
B
kinetic
potential
C
potential
kinetic
D
potential
potential

N2011/I/12

21

A car moves from rest with uniform acceleration along a horizontal road.
After travelling a distance of 100 metres, it has kinetic energy equal to 200 000 J.
What resultant force is acting on the car?
A
100 N
B
1000 N
C
2000 N

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N2011/I/13

22

An experiment is carried out to estimate the useful power output of a student running up some stairs, ignoring the work
done against friction.
What is not required for this experiment?
A
the time taken to run up the stairs
B
the total horizontal distance of the stairs
C
the total vertical height of the stairs
D
the weight of the student

N2012/I/13

23

A ball of mass 0.40 kg rolls down a hill.

2.0 m above the bottom of the hill, the speed of the ball is 3.0 m/s.

Ek = mv2 = x 0.40 x 32
= 1.8 J
Ep = mgh = 0.40 x 10 x 2.0 = 8 J
Total kinetic energy at bottom of hill
= Ek + Ep = 1.8 + 8 = 9.8 J

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N/kg.

Ignoring the effects of friction and air resistance, what is the kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the hill?
A
1.8 J
B
8.0 J
C
8.6 J
D
9.8 J

N2012/I/14

24

Some students climb a set of stairs at school, and each student is timed. Their weights and times are recorded in the
table.
Which student develops the most power?
weight/N
time/s
A
300
10
Power = Fd = Weight x Height
B
390
12
t
time
C
420
15
D
490
16

N2013/I/15

25

An electric motor produces a force F to pull a trolley up a ramp. There is no friction or air resistance acting.

Which quantity is equal to the work done by the force F?

A
the acceleration of the trolley
B
the energy given to the trolley
C
the power of the motor
D
the weight of the trolley

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N2013/I/16

26

The diagram shows a flight of stairs.

Work done = Ep = mgh = 60 x 10 x 3

How much useful work is done by a person weighing 600 N when climbing the stairs?
A
120 J
B
1800 J
C
2400 J

3000 J

N2013/I/17

27

A ball of mass 0.3 kg is thrown at a speed of 20 m/s.

What is its kinetic energy?
A
3J
B
9J

Ek =
C

36 J

mv2 =
D

x 0.3 x 202

60 J

N2013/I/18

28

An electric kettle is rated at 2.5 kW.

How much energy is transferred in 3.0 minutes?
A
7.5 J
B
450 J

Energy = Power x time = 2500 x (3.0x60)

C

7500 J

450 000 J

N2014/I/13

29

An electric motor is used to lift a 5 N load through 3 m, as shown in the diagram.

Energy wasted = 27 (5x3) = 12 J

The total amount of electrical energy used by the motor is 27 J.

How much energy is wasted?
A
9J
B
12 J
C
15 J

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27 J

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