Professional Documents
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ISO/TC142/WG03 N 063
ISO/PWI 12249-1
Particulate air filters for general ventilation -- Part 1:
Method of calculation for the life cycle cost for air
cleaning devices
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CONTENTS
Foreword.4
Introduction..X
Scope .X
Definitions.X
Method of calculation.X
Normative References..5
BibliographyX
Symbols and Abbreviated terms
The Algebraic Model
The Principles
ANNEX A
Examples of Calculations
ANNEX B
Comparisons with Case Studies
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Foreword
This document has been prepared by Working Group 3 of International
Standards Organization Technical Committee 142 (ISO/TC142/WG03)
This International Standard is part of ISO Standard XXXXX that covers the
Life cycle assessment of air filters
Introduction
This International Standard provides a method for calculating the life cycle
cost (LCC) for air cleaning devices. These devices are primarily air filters
required in the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning systems of inhabited
non-residential buildings.
This life cycle cost method enables designers, building owners and HVAC
system operators to make an effective and energy efficient air filter selection.
Scope
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2. Normative References
This International Standard incorporates by dated and undated reference,
provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at
the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this International Standard only when incorporated in it
by an amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
EN 13779:2007 Ventilation for non-residential buildings-Performance
requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems
EN 779:2002 Particulate air filters for general ventilation- Requirements,
testing and marking
EN 13053:2006 Ventilation for buildings-Air handling units-Ratings and
performance for units, components and sections
-4-
Symbol
E
Q
P
T
Term
A filters energy cost
Air volume flow rate
Average pressure loss
Operation time
Energy Efficiency of fan
Energy cost
Unit
Euro
M3/s
Pascals
hours
Euro/kWh
QPT C
1000
(1)
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(2)
where
n
is the number of years
p
is the price increase
i
is the interest rate (bank rate or any expected internal rate for
investments within the company)
Cn is the cost paid after n years
Cp is the present cost of a single cost element, Cn
The correction factor [1 + (i-p)]-n is calculated for each year or period. The
sum of these factors gives the total sum factor used to determine the total
discounted costs.
6. The Principles
EN 13779:2007 advises that for urban located HVAC systems F7 to F9 grade
air filters are advised to deliver acceptable IAQ. The filter test standard that
applies is EN779:2002. EN13053 also advises minimum F7 for single stage of
air filtration in air handling units.
The energy equation should be applied to calculate the energy element of the
LCC. Each variable should be assessed to the best level of accuracy with the
information that is available.
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Figure 1. Discounting future costs. A cost, Cn, paid after a certain time,
is discounted to a present cost, Cp, at year 0.
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No of years
Factor
[1 + (i-p)] -n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0.9615
0.9246
0.8890
0.8548
0.8219
0.7903
0.7599
0.7307
0.7026
10
0.6756
8.1109
The energy cost for the ten-year period will be 8.11 x 131.40 = 1066 euros
Present cost of maintenance
Seven filter replacements in ten years means a lifetime of 1.43 years for each
filter. The last filter is changed after 8.6 years and will last until the end of the
ten-year period.
The present cost of maintenance can be calculated with the following
correction factors:
Filter no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
Replacement
years
0
1.43
2.86
4.29
5.71
7.14
8.57
10.0
Factor
[1 + (i-p)] -n
0.9201
0.8466
0.7790
0.7168
0.6595
0.6069
4.5290
The total maintenance cost for ten years will thus be 4.529 x 55 = 249 euros.
Present cost of disposal
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No of years
Year
1.43
2.86
4.29
5.71
7.14
8.57
10.0
Discount Factor
[1 + (i-p)] -n
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.9201
0.8466
0.7790
0.7168
0.6595
0.6069
0.5584
The cost for future replacement will be the sum of the factors, 5.09, multiplied
by the present price.
The cost for the disposal will then be 5.09 x 1.5 or approximately 8 euros.
Total Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
The total LCC cost could be calculated as the sum of all individual costs from
the above calculations.
Investment
LCCEnergy
LCCMaintenance
LCCDisposal
LCCTotal
80
1066
249
8
1403 euros
In this case, based on an average pressure loss of 150 Pa in the filter, the
main cost will be for energy. Seventy-six percent of the operation cost is
related to energy. A user has to consider how to reduce that cost by running
the filter at a lower final pressure loss. The filter will then have a shorter
lifetime and the maintenance cost will increase. At the same time, he has to
consider how the filters performance might change. The classification system
for air filters is based on high final pressure losses (450 Pa for F-filters and
250 Pa for G-filters).
Example 1:
Assume that an installation has a lifetime of ten years.
The filter's price, EURO 50, will not increase during the ten-year period (p=0) and the
interest rate is 6% (i= 0.06).
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No of years
Factor
0.9434
0.8900
0.8396
0.7921
0.7473
0.7050
0.6651
0.6274
0.5919
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The cost for future replacement will be the sum of the correction factors multiplied
by the present price = 6.80 x 50 = EURO 340.
The installation, energy and disposal costs have to be added to calculate the total
cost for the ten-year period.
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