Telekomunikacione

tehnologije

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 Bearer - provides a "transport system" for

exchanging information.
Teleservice - "complete" in the sense that it
includes functions for connection, and a uniform
"language" for communication.
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STANDARDI
Since March 1993, the ITU is divided into three sectors
Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R)
Development Sector (ITU-D)

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switching

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Developments in switching

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Connections to the local exchange

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Packet-node structure

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Different connections in dedicated

networks

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Integrated subscriber line and node

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Full integration in B-ISDN

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TROSLOJNA ARHITEKTURA
MREE
okosnica (backbone) mree
ivini deo mree (edge - deo mree koji
povezuje okosnicu sa pristupnim delom
mree)
pristupni deo mree (access)
INTEGRACIJA I SIGNALIZACIJA
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Transport of information

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Basic concepts

bandwidth (analog and digital);

transmission media;
carriers;
modulation and baseband transmission;
two-wire, four-wire, and hybrids;
simplex - duplex; asymmetrical transmission;
amplification - regeneration;
line coding; and
multiplexing.

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 The usable frequency range of a connection is called

bandwidth.
The three most important transmission media:
copper, which is used in two main types of cable: paired cable
and coaxial cable;
glass fibre, which is used in optical fibre cable; and
radio waves, which are used in terrestrial point-to-point systems
or area coverage systems (such as mobile telephony), and for
point-to-point or area coverage communication via satellite.

Carriers - carry waves of some kind: light waves or

electromagnetic waves.
Modulation - By allowing the transferred information to
manipulate the carrier in some way the information can
be perceived by a receiving exchange or terminal.
Baseband transmission transfer information without
carrier.
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 Two-wire, four-wire, and hybrids

Simplex - duplex; asymmetrical transmission
Amplification - regeneration

Line coding
Multiplexing (FDM, TDM, WDM)

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Transmission methods - an overview

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Trunk and access circuits

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 Signalling
in circuit-switched networks
Signalling in packet-switched networks

Signalling
in cell-switched networks

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Operation and maintenance

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telecommunications management network (TMN)

simple network management protocol (SNMP)

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