  Realize the applications of Einstein's

theory of relativity and determine the

most important usage of E=MC2 in our
daily lives
  Discover what is the theory of relativity
  Prove the theory of relativity
  The Conundrum:

Einstein was always questioning and one

day he had a problem which was
something like; “if I was travelling at the
speed of light and I held up a mirror, what
would I see? Would the image be distorted,
or would there even be an image. Since we
only see things when light bounces of them,
if we are travelling at the speed of light
would I only be able to see things behind
me?”
  Ether
Ether in physics is the hypothetical substance
supposed to occupy all space.
  Matter
Matter describes the physical material around us
such as a soccer ball or a pencil.
  Energy
In physics energy is activity or a quantity which is
possible to assign every object. There are various
forms of energy such as kinetic, potential, thermal,
electromagnetic, etc.
  Light
A visual form of electromagnetic radiation
  Einstein discovered E=mc2 by calculating
kinetic energy of various objects using
Lorentz transformations instead of
Newtonian mechanics. This was when
Einstein realized that there was a by-
product which was supposed to be an
energy term (for example, x=heat energy
released through...) which didn’t vanish
when light moved at zero speed. He then
stated that this should be called as rest
mass energy: Energy which every mass must
possess even when being at rest.
  Inother words it is the amount of energy
which is directly proportional to mass or
the matter. For example in one kilogram
of pure water the mass of hydrogen
atoms is just slightly more than 111 grams,
or 0.111 of a kilogram. Einstein’s formula
which states mass multiplied speed of
light squared, shows us that
10,000,000,000,000,000 joules which is a
lot of energy.
  It is incredible to think that there is that much
energy (equivalent to burning hundreds of
thousands of gallons of gasoline) in just a
kilogram of water. But there is only way to
access that energy, and that is to annihilate
that kilogram of water. By this I mean to
completely eradicate it, the complete
destruction of matter. But this only happens
when matter meets an equal amount of
antimatter, a substance in which the mass has
a negative charge. Antimatter exists, but found
in the sub-atomic particles in radioactive
decay, but this antimatter only exists for a short
period of time as it destroys itself. How ironic.
  Albert Einstein one of the world’s most celebrated
scientist, physicist, and mathematician, provided an
explanation for relativity with his famous formula
e=mc2. Though many are familiar with this equation,
only few understand what it really means. E=mc2
gives us an insight into the relationship of matter and
energy. This is that matter and energy are just
different forms of the same thing. Matter can be
turned into energy and energy into matter. It also tells
us that time, length, and speed are all relative. Which
means that when we travel faster, time shortens and
everything shrinks because of the speed in which we
were travelling at.
  This model is often connected with Einstein’s theory of relativity,
and is also said to be the reason why Einstein succeeded. This is
a misconception since Lorentz was trying to prove certain
elements of the theory of relativity wrong. Lorentz transformations
in its simplest forms is that say if light was travelling against the
movement of ether, the distance it was travelling may shrink. In
other words if the force which was moving against ether was
strong enough then maybe everything would shrink, and thus
light would have less distance to travel. And thus proving one of
Einstein’s concepts of the theory of relativity, that when moving
at the speed of light everything shortens. This was exactly what
Lorentz was trying to prove wrong. Physics is very ironic.

  Imagine it this way; a block of matter (this is our ether) which is

being squished by something moving at the speed of light. Then
maybe the block of matter would contract, as its contents start
to minimize to fit proportionately into the block.
  This explanation is purely hypothetical, and should just be
used as a way to visualize the basics of Lorentz
Transformations, since the substance ether was proved to
be myth by Michelson and Morley. The Michelson and
Morley experiment used mirrors, and various light and
optic systems to prove the in-existence of ether. Ether was
the scientist’s way of explaining light passage through a
vacuum. Since the idea of space containing no matter
was so great scientists developed “ether”. Because it was
easier to imagine matter becoming smaller and thus less
distance for light to travel (this shows that the speed of
light changes through mediums), than imagining light
moving through nothing. Morley and Michelson proved
that vacuums do exist and that light travels faster in a
vacuum than air. Lorentz also proved and supported the
Morley, Michelson experiments with equations and
provided a base for Einstein to compute.
  Newtonian physics introduces the basic
fundamentals of classical mechanics.
Newtonian mechanics in its simplicity is that
the motion of point particles (objects which
can be seen with the naked eye) is
determined by a number of parameters;
position, mass, and the forces applied to
each. This only applies with objects above
“non-zero size”, non zero size refers to
objects of very small size like an electron
pparticle which is more accurately
incorporated in quantum mechanics.
According to Lorentz Transformation and Newtonian
Laws:

Mass x Velocity=Energy/Speed of Light (MV=E/C)

Imagine a cylinder in which a light is emitted at one
end. Once the light is emitted an object will exert a
force on the cylinder causing it to recoil in a
direction. With this in mind we can conclude:

•  Time for the light to reach the other end of the

cylinder = Light/Speed of Light (T=L/C)
•  Distance the cylinder moved from force exerted by
object = Velocity multiplied by Time (X=V*T)
•  Mass*Distance = Mass*Light (MX=ML)- Since the
cylinder can’t move on its own
Putting all those equations together we can prove e=mc2:

 MX=ML- Substituting ( Equation 3 )

M(V*T)=ML..............................1’

 Re-arrange ( Equation 1 )
M={E/C}/V................................2’

  Substitute 2’ in 1’
{E/C}/V(V*T)=ML

 Cancelling Out Velocity

E/C*T=ML.................................3’
 Substituting ( Equation 2 ) in 3’
E/C*L/C=ML..............................4’

  Expanding Left Hand Side of 4’

E*L/C*C= M*L

 Cancelling out Light From Right Hand Side and Left

Hand Side
E/C*C=M..................................5’

 Re-arranging 5’
E=MC*C
E=MC2
  Smoke Detectors
  Radio-isotopes for surgery and advanced x-
ray
  Even mobile and cellular technologies such
as the cell phone
  Producing electricity
  GPS
  Gravitational lenses (photographs in space)
  Power Generation
  Inconclusion, Einstein's famous theory of
relativity has its uses every where from
smoke detectors to surgery tools and
that it has a definite place in our daily
lives. But I believe that the most
important application of E=MC2 would
be in the area of power generation as
the Earth is currently facing an
environmental crisis.
  The Synchrotron Project in Australia is
looking at using antimatter to destroy
electron particles and is predicted to
have an energy potential up till one
billion people world wide.
  Hopefully throughout this science inquiry
you have finally realized what is the big
deal behind the theory of relativity and
will be able to become future Einsteins.