Serie Ecuaciones no lineales

2.1
1) What is the difference between a polynomial equation and a trascendental
equation?
The difference between a polynomial and a transcendental equation is that the
solution of the first one it is performed with algebraic methods while the latter
with numerical methods, approximating the solution by successive iterations.
2) How many roots can an nth degree polynomial equation have?
An nth degree polynomial equation have n roots
3) How many roots can a transcendental equation have?

Usually transcendental equations have many solutions in a given range

4) Can you use the incremental search method to find the complex roots of an
equation?
No, its not possible
5) Can you use the Newton-Raphson

method to find the roots of a

nondifferentiable function?
No, its not possible
6) What is the difference between the secant and the regula Falsi methods?
The Regula Falsi method is a closed method and the secant method is an open
method.
8) What is the similarity between the secant and Mullers methods?
Both are open methods
9) What is the role of Taylors series expansin in the development of NewtonRaphson method?
The Taylors series expansin is the based of the development of Newton-Raphson
method.
10) What is the limitation of the fixed point iteration method in finding the roots
of an equation?

The roots have to cross the x axis

2.2 Answer true or false to each of the following
1. A polynomial with real coefficients can have all complex roots. True
2. A polynomial with complex coefficients can have all real roots. True
3. The root of the equation f(x)=x3 and f2=sinx True
4.
The graphical method of finding the roots of an equation is computationally
simple. True
5. If f (xi)] f(xi+1)0, the root of (x) is guaranteed to lie between xi and xi+1. True
6.The incremental method can be used to find both real and complex roots of f(x).
False
7.The incremental method cand find both the root x1 even when f(x1) touches the
x axis tangentially. False
8. A complex root can be determined even by giving a real value as the initial
guess in Newton's method. False
9.The regula falsi method is the same as the linear interpolation. False
The fixed point iteration method and the method successive substitutions are the
same. True
10. The Newton-Raphson method requires the inversion of n X n Jacobian matrix.
False
11. If the initial guesses are real numbers, Muller's method cannot find the
complex roots. False

6. Newtons iteration

f ( x )=x 34 x+ 2

x i+1=x i

f ( xi)
f '( xi) , applied to the function

with x1= 1.0 gives x2 as

x i+1=1

3
1 4 ( 1 ) +2
=0
3 (1 )2

Answer (a)=0

8. The regula falsi method

x

f ( x )=e sin x

function

x0

x
0

x i+1=x if ( xi)

with x1= 0.0 and x2= 1.0 gives x3 as

x1
-0.58882

xi xi+1
f ( xi )f ( xi+ 1) , applied to the

F(x0)

f(x)

f(x1)

0.5655

2.7

0.5655

0.3822

2.7

0.3822

0.3053

2.7

0.3053

0.2854

2.7

1.00896697
-0.5882

1
1.33911467

-1.008

8
1.63731156

-1.3391

R=

2.38 Find the root of the equation f(x)=Ln(x) with the initial approximations
x1=0.6 and x2=6.0
Secant method

Regula falsi
x0

x1

f(x0)

f(x)

f(x1)

0.60000

1.79798

6.00000

-0.51083

0.58667

1.79176

1.79790

-0.24753

6.00000

0.58662

---

1.79176

Secant Method
x0

x1

f(x0)

f(x1)

0.6

1.7965

-0.5108

1.7965

-0.2454

1.7917

2.2
a)

2 x =4 x 21

f(x)
1.7914
0.5858 ---

0.5858

g (x )=

x=10;

b)

2 x+1 '
; g ( x )=
4

1
1

2 x +1 2
2 2
4

g(x)=0.10<1

x 10 x5=0

2
3

10 x +5 10
3
1
g ( x ) =10 x +5 ; g ' ( x )=
3

x=10;

g(x)= 0.14<1

c) sin(x) + Ln(x)=0

g ( x ) =arcsen (ln ( x ) ) ; g' ( x )=

1
1

1+ln (x ) x

x=10; g(x)= -0.05>1

d) e

-tan x=0

g(x)=ln(tan(x));

g' ( x )=

1
s ec 2( x)
tan(x)

x=100; g(x)= -5.84<1

x3 sin ( x )ln ( cos ( x ) ) =3

e)

'

g ( x )=x cos ( x ) +

3 x sin ( x)
2 x sin ( x )

x=0.5 g(x)=0.16<1

+ tan ( x )