LTE Training

Session 1 _ LTE Overview

05/11/2015

Contents

LTE World

Basic Information about LTE

UE Categories

LTE Operating bands FDD

LTE Channel bandwidths

Basic LTE Frame Structure

Introduction about Main U2000 Functions

Network architecture introduction

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LTE World
LTE networks are operational in
176 countries, 677 different mobile
networks investing ,
422 commercially launched LTE.
As per the second quarter 2015,
755 million subscribers are using
LTE ( third quarter of 2013, over
157 million global subscribers are
using LTE)

LTE-Advanced deployments have taken hold in all markets around the world. Now over 30% of operators are investing in LTEAdvanced system deployments, with the commercialization of carrier aggregation the first feature to be exploited. 88 operators,
i.e. over 20% of all LTE operators, have commercially launched LTE-Advanced service in 45 countries. 15 LTE-Advanced
networks support Category 4 devices (above 100 Mbps up to 150 Mbps peak downlink speed) while 73 networks support
Category 6 devices (above 150 Mbps up to 300 Mbps).
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LTE World
September 10, 2015: LTE subscriptions forecast growth worldwide to 2020. Chart showing LTE subscriptions forecast growth
worldwide to 2020.
Q2 2015 total LTE subscriptions worldwide = 755 million, and equivalent to 10.44% share of the global mobile subs base.

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LTE World

- World`s first LTE network was Launched in Norway.

KPI Description
FTP DL Throughput (Mbps)
FTP UL Throughput (Mbps)
EPS bearer setup time eUTRAN (ms)
Ping eUTRAN EPS bearer active(ms)
KPI Description
PS session setup success rate eUTRAN
PS session drop rate eUTRAN
Handover Success Rate eUTRAN

95% >
90.97%
85.49%
Min
32
10

Value
Max
97.54
47.56
Max
1453
66

Count
Total #
92
103
848

Fail #
0
2
0

Mean
37.68
18.48
Mean
651.6
16.79
KPI Value
100.00%
1.90%
100.00%

KPIs sample for a cluster in Oslo

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LTE World
London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)

Number of LTE users - London

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LTE World
London Traffic - LTE launch day ( 31 October 2012)

EE reaches 7.7M LTE subscribers, 2015

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LTE World
Baku Traffic - LTE launch day ( 5 December 2014)

Technology
Total Score
GSM
Max Score
% Score
Total Score
WCDMA Max Score
% Score
Total Score
LTE
Max Score
% Score

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Bakcell
296
560
52.86%
488
784
62.24%
34
56
60.71%

Azercell
380
560
67.86%
487
784
62.12%
20
56
35.71%

Nar
300
560
53.57%
419
784
53.44%
46
56
82.14%

Good Samples Zone

Basic Information about LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE) starts from 3GPP release 8.

3GPP Technical Report 25.9 13 defines the key objectives of LTE as:

Support for a flexible transmission bandwidth up to 20 MHz

Peak downlink data rate of 100 Mbps when using 2 receive antenna at the UE
Peak uplink data rate of 50 Mbps when using 1 transmit antenna at the UE
High DL/UL Spectrum efficiency
Round trip time of less than 10 ms.

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Basic Information about LTE

Basic Information about LTE
- Round Trip Time

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Basic Information about LTE

LTE has a flat architecture which minimizes the number of network elements.
LTE is optimized for Packet Switched (PS) services but includes functionality to handle Circuit Switched (CS) services, e.g. CS
fallback to UMTS.
LTE supports the speech service using Voice over IP. Otherwise, the speech service can be supported by allowing the UE to
fallback to UMTS, GSM or CDMA2000
LTE supports Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) for the transmission of mobile TV.
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) versions of LTE have been standardized, Both allow channel
bandwidths of up to 20 MHz.
LTE allows inter-working with existing GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 technologies.
LTE uses QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation schemes with OFDMA (downlink) and SC-FDMA (uplink) multiple access
technologies.

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Basic Information about LTE

LTE supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology in the downlink direction. ,3GPP releases 8 and 9 do not
support MIMO in the uplink direction.
Existing spectrum allocations can be re-farmed for the introduction of LTE.
LTE simplifies network planning by minimizing the requirement for manually planned neighbor lists
LTE includes Self Organizing Network (SON) functionality to help automate network configuration, optimization, fault finding and
fault handling.
LTE Advanced starts from 3GPP release 10.
LTE Advanced introduces Carrier Aggregation to provide wider effective channel bandwidths. It also introduces MIMO in the uplink
direction, as well as increasing the number of antenna elements which can be used for MIMO in the downlink direction

- May 2013, EE Switched on World`s fastest 4G Network offering up to 300 Mbps

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Basic Information about LTE

UE Categories

3GPP release

User equipment
category

Maximum L1 data
rate Downlink

Maximum number of
DL MIMO layers

Maximum L1 Data
Rate UL

Maximum Dl
modulation

Maximum UL
Modulation

Release 8

Category 1

10.3 Mbit/s

5.2 Mbit/s

64 QAM

16 QAM

Release 8

Category 2

51.0 Mbit/s

25.5 Mbit/s

64 QAM

16 QAM

Release 8

Category 3

102.0 Mbit/s

51.0 Mbit/s

64 QAM

16 QAM

Release 8

Category 4

150.8 Mbit/s

51.0 Mbit/s

64 QAM

16 QAM

Release 8

Category 5

299.6 Mbit/s

75.4 Mbit/s

64 QAM

64 QAM

Release 10

Category 6

300 Mbp/s

50 Mbps

64 QAM

64 QAM

A single UE category defines both the uplink and downlink capabilities.

Table above presents the most important capabilities associated with each UE category. Categories 1 to 5 were introduced within
the 3GPP release 8 or 9 UE can be implemented to support a UE category between 1 and 5.
The maximum total bits per Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in the downlink defines the maximum downlink throughput.
, A single TTI corresponds to 1 ms sub frame duration.
The maximum downlink throughput specified for the release 8 and 9 versions of the 3GPP specifications is 300 Mbps.
,This is supported when transferring 2 transport blocks per sub frame on a single RF carrier.
UE performance requirements have been specified based upon the assumption that all UE support downlink receive diversity.
UE categories 2, 3 and 4 support 2x2 MIMO in the downlink whereas UE category 5 can also support 4x4 MIMO in the downlink.
Feature : LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4:E-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters
when configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the protocol. This feature can enable BS to
support UE category 2/3/4.

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U2000 - Functions

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U2000 - Functions

Huawei E392

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U2000 - Functions

Samsung Galaxy SIII

I9305

How to use for customer complains?

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UE Categories

Brand
HTC
Huawei
LG
Qualcomm

Samsung

Sony
ZTE

Model
HTC One XL / EDGE (X325S, PJ8312000)
Huawei M920 (Activa 4G)
LG LS840 (Viper 4G LTE)
LG MS840 (Cayman/Connect 4G)
LG MS910 Esteem 4G (Bryce)
Qualcomm FFA8960
Samsung SCH-R530M (Galaxy S III LTE)
Samsung SCH-i535 (Galaxy S III)
Samsung SPH-L710 (Galaxy S III LTE)
Samsung GT-i9210 (Galaxy S II LTE)
Samsung SGH-I727 (Galaxy S II Skyrocket)
Samsung SGH-i747 (Galaxy S III LTE/Pebble Blue)
Samsung SGH-T999L (Galaxy S III)
Sony XPERIA T LT30a
Sony XPERIA V/LT25i
ZTE N910 (Anthem 4G)

UEs supporting LTE FDD

UE Penetration in X Project
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LTE Operating bands - FDD

The LTE operating bands specified by 3GPP

for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are shown
in the table .
The majority of these operating bands have
also been specified for use by UMTS/GSM.
This allows UMTS/GSM spectrum to be
re-farmed for LTE, or for LTE and UMTS to
share the same operating bands.
The majority of operating bands have their
uplink frequencies below their downlink
frequencies. This approach helps to conserve UE
battery power by allowing UE to transmit within
the band which has the better radio propagation
performance, i.e. radio Propagation tends to be
better at lower frequencies.
Operating bands 13, 14, 20 and 24 have
uplink bands which are higher than their
downlink bands.
Operating bands 15,16 excluded from 3GPP.

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LTE Operating bands - FDD

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Channel Bandwidths

* The downlink subcarrier bandwidth includes an additional 15 kHz to accommodate a null subcarrier
at the center of all other subcarriers. The null subcarrier provides 15 kHz of empty spectrum within
which nothing is transmitted

* The total subcarrier bandwidth is less than the channel

bandwidth to allow for the roll-off of emissions and to provide some guard band.

The larger channel bandwidths provide support for

the higher throughputs. Smaller channel

bandwidths provide support for lower throughputs but are easier to accommodate within existing
spectrum allocations

3GPP also specifies a subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz (in addition to

the subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz). The subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is only

used in cells which are dedicated to Multimedia Broadcast Multicast

Services (MBMS). There are 24 rather than 12 subcarriers per Resource

Block when using the 7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing so the total bandwidth

of a Resource Block remains the same

LTE Advanced provides support for Carrier Aggregation which allows

multiple Component Carriers to be used in parallel. This effectively

increases the channel bandwidth to the sum of the individual

Component Carriers`

LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth ?

LBBK 5195I
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Channel Bandwidths

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Channel Bandwidths

Guard Subcarriers

DC stands for Direct Current and it is a subcarrier that has no information sent on it. This is an important
subcarrier in OFDM based systems. It is used by the mobile device to locate the center of the OFDM frequency
band.

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Channel Bandwidths
RRU3929 for Band 3. RX Frequency
Band (MHz) from 1710 to 1785. TX
Frequency Band (MHz) from 1805 to
1880. Bandwidth (MHz) can be 1.4, 3,
5, 10, 15 and 20
Each RRU3939 supports 2 carriers

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Channel Bandwidths

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Basic LTE Frame Structure - Time

FDD - RF frame is called Type 1 by the 3GPP

10ms

TTI=1ms
1ms

2 Slots

0.5ms

7 OFDM Symbols Normal CP

Tu = Useful Symbol Duration

Tcp = Cyclic Prefix duration
Tecp = Extended Cyclic Prefix duration
CP (guard time between symbols)
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6 OFDM Symbols Extended CP

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Basic LTE Frame Structure - Frequency

Ex: 20M

100 RB

1200
12*7=84

12

15 khz

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* A Resource Block represents the basic unit of resource for the

LTE air-interface. The eNodeB scheduler allocates Resource
Blocks to UE when allowing data transfer.
* The subcarriers belong to the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology in the downlink, and the
Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)
technology in the uplink
* There are 12 subcarriers per Resource Block so the number of
subcarriers equals 12 x number of Resource Blocks
* Each subcarrier occupies 15 kHz so the total subcarrier
bandwidth equals 15 kHz x number of subcarriers
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OFDM Signal

DC Subcarrier

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Basic LTE Frame Structure

What is the minimum resource allocation unit in LTE ?

- The control channels mapped on the Resource Elements

Groups (REGs)
- A REG is made up of 4 (or 6 if there are pilot sub-carriers) subcarriers during 1 symbol.
- The REG are grouped into the CCE (Control Channel Element)
, 1 CCE = 9 REG
Physical channel
PDCCH

Modulation schemes
QPSK

EX: PDCCH format 0, 1 CCE, so it is 9 REG, SO

IT IS 9 REG*4 SC*2bit for QPSK modulation=72
bits

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LTE Network architecture

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LTE Network architecture

EPC

MME
E-NB

S1-c

S/PGW

S1-u
S1-u

GPS antenna

X2

S/PGW

S1-c
S1-u
S1-u

Power supply

E-NB

Itf-s

Itf-s

Environment
monitor

e-RAN

LMT
CLK
SERVER

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M2000
CME
NASTAR
GENEX
MAINEX
30

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