Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PROJECT
ON
Submitted By
Shanti Swaroop 1035700020
Ashwani Singh 103500007
Md. Shaif 1035700012
Saurabh Sharma 1035700017
Submitted to
Mr. Atul Prabhat
Project Guide
Civil Engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and
supported me during the preparation of project.
My deepest to lecturer Mr. Atul Prabhat the guide of the project for
guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care.
He has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction
as and when needed.
I express my deepest thanks also to the professor Mr. Price Srivastava
H.O.D of Civil Department for extending his support.
I would also thank my university and my faculty members without whom
this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heart felt
thanks to my family and well wishers.
By:- Shanti Swaroop 1035700020
Ashwani Singh 103500007
Md. Shaif 1035700012
Saurabh Sharma 1035700017
DECLARATION
We Shanti Swaroop 1035700020, Ashwani Singh 103500007, Md. Shaif
1035700012, & Saurabh Sharma 1035700017 hereby declare that the
dissertation entitled Estimation & Costing of a Multistoried Hospital
Building
Building submitted to the UPTU in partial fulfillment for the award of
the Degree of BATCHLOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
and that the dissertation has not previously formed the basis for the
award of any other degree, Diploma, Associate ship, Fellowship or other
title.
Place:
Date:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATION
1) Earth work in excavation of foundation of walls and columns -
Excavation Foundation trenches should be digging out to the exact width of foundation concrete and the sides are
vertical Excavated earth should not be placed within 1 m of the edge of the trench.
Finish of Trench The bottom of foundation trench should be perfectly leveled both longitudinally and side dressed
perfectly. Concrete may be laid to the exact width as per design. The bed of the trench should be lightly
watered and well rammed.
Finds Any treasure and valuables found during the excavation is the property of the government.
Water in Foundation Water, if any accumulates in the trench should be pumped out without any extra payment and necessary
precautions should be taken to prevent surface water to enter into the trench.
Trench Filling After the concrete has been laid, masonry has been constructed the remaining portion of the trenches
should be filled up with earth and watered and rammed well. The earth filling should be free from rubbish
and refuse matters. Surplus Earth not required, shall be removed and site should be leveled and dressed.
Measurement The measurement of Excavation should be taken in m 3 as for rectangular trench bottom width of concrete
multiplied by the vertical depth of foundation from ground level and multiplied by length of the trenches
even sloping side for convenience.
2) 1:5:10 Lean C.C. Block in Foundation ( 9" Thick) Materials Aggregate should be clear, dense, hard, sound, durable, non-absorbent and capable of developing good
bond with mortar.
Coarse aggregate should be free from dust, dirt and other foreign materials. The size of the aggregate is
either 40 mm or 60 mm and it is of brick ballast or cheap type stone ballast, cement should be fresh
Portland cement and water must be free from any alkaline or acidic matter.
Proportion The proportion of the concrete should be 1:5:10 as cement sand brick ballast. Sand should be white sand.
Mixing-Hand Mixing It should be done on masonry platform. Firstly, I bag cement and 5 box sand mixes throughly and spread
over 10 box brick ballast and then mix with mortar.
Machine Mixing Ballast, sand and cement put into the cement concrete mixer in the ratio of 1:5:10. The machine should
then be resolved to mix materials dry and then gradually added water.
Slump Regular slump test should be carried out to control the addition of water and to maintain the required
consistency.
Form work Form work should be provided as required as per the standard specifications before laying concrete to
keep the concrete in position.
Laying Concrete should be laid gently in layers, compacted by pinning with roads and tamping with wooden
tampers or by vibrators until a dense concrete is obtained.
Curing After about 2 hours laying when concrete has begun to harden, it should be kept by covering wet gunny
bags or wet sand for 24 hours. Curing may be done by covering concrete with special type of water proof
paper to prevent water evaporation.
3) First Class Brick Work in 1:6 Cement Sand Mortar in Foundation upto plinth:
Bricks All bricks should be of first class of standard specification made from good brick earth. Well burnt and
deep cherry red colour bricks should be regular in shape; edges should be regular in shape, edges should
be sharp and give clear ringing sound when struck with each other. These are free from cracks and not
absorb water more than 20% of their own weight when emerged in water for 24 hours. Bricks should have
a minimum rushing strength of 105 kg/cm2.
Cement Mortar -
For cement mortar, cement should be fresh Portland cement of standard specification. Sand should be
sharp clear and free from organic matter. For rich mortar, coarse medium sand; for weak mortar, white
sand may be used, Proportion of cement mortar is 1:6.
Soaking of Brick Brick should be fully soaked in clean water by submerging in a tank for 12 hours immediately before use.
Laying Bricks should be well bonded and laid in English bond, unless otherwise specified. Every course should
be truly in plumb vertical. Joints of consecutive course should not come over one-another but vertical
joints in alternative course should come over one another. Broken bricks should not be used. Mortar
joints should not exceed 6 mm in thickness.
Curing The brick should be kept wet for a period of 10 days after laying.
Protection The brick work should be protected from the effects of sun, rain , frost etc during the construction.
Scaffolding Necessary and suitable scaffolding should be provided to facilitate the construction of brick wall.
Measurement Brick work should be measured in m 3. The rate should be for the complete work including Scaffolding
and all tools and plants.
4) Laying of 25 mm thick D.P.C. with 1:2:4 cement concrete with 2% damp proofing
powder: Damp proof course consist of cement, moorum and stone ballast of 1:2:4 proportion with 2%
water proofing compound (1 Kg / bag) of cement.
It should be applied at the plinth level in horizontal layer of25 mm thick to the whole width .
The top of walls at which the damp proofing course should be laid frogs of the bricks down ward.
Side forms should be fixed properly.
5)
Earth should be free from organic matter such a plant roots etc.
Earth clouds should be broken before use.
Earth filling should be alone a layer wise one layer should be 10-15 cm thick.
Each layer should be lightly water and rammed properly.
The filling should be leveled.
Earth work should be carried out in such time so that consolidation of earth may take place.
6) First class brick work in 1:6 cement sand mortar in super structure : Brick should be first class standard specification made from good brick earth.
Brick should be soaked in fresh water which is free from acid or any other salt at least 12 hrs.
before starting the masonry work.
Cement mortar which are used for construction of superstructure are in the ratio of 1:6 which
means cement white sand and moorum are in ratio of required one.
Brick should be well bonded and laid in English bond well should truly in plumb, vertical joints
are alternate layer come over each but not in consecutive layer.
Necessary and suitable scaffolding should be provided to facilitate the construction of brick wall.
The brick wall should must be kept wet for a period of at least 10 days.
7)
R.C.C. work with M-20 grade of concrete in slab, beams and lintels (roof floor, etc.)
iii.
specification and shall have the required tensile and compressive strength.
Cement shall be Portland cement of standard specification and shall have the require
iv.
Centring and Shuttering Centring and shuttering should be made timber or steel plate close and tight to prevent
leakage of mortar.
A coal of oil washing should be applied over shuttering to prevent to adherence of
concrete.
Centering and shuttering should be removed slowly so that no part disturb and damage.
Centring shuttering should be removed measured in sq. m and the surface area in contact
with congregate should be measured.
Proportion of C.C. Cement concrete should be 1:1.5:3 proportion by volume for slab, beam and lintel
Slump test Slump test should be carried out to control the addition of water and to maintain the require consistency.
In this test concrete is compacted in a vessel of shape of the frustum of the cone and pen at both the ends.
The mould is filled with freshly mixed concrete in four layers each layer is tamped with 25 stokes of the
tamping rod. The bottom layer should be tamped throughout its depth. After the top layer has been rodded
the concrete struck off level with a trowel. The mould
is then removed from the concrete by raising it slowly and carefully in the vertical direction. The slump
measured in recorded in terms of mm of the specimen during the test.
A slump of 7.5 cm to 10 cm may be allowed for binding work of good developing bond with mortar and
the coarse aggregate should be free from the dust and other foreign material.
Mixing Mixing should be done by two methods either by band mixing or machine mixing on the
masonry platform.
Firstly cement and sand should be mixed in given proportion on plat from and then it
mixed with stone ballast without water at least three time and then after clean water is
gradually added in the mixed.
Laying Before laying the concrete, the shuttering should be clean free from dust and other
foreign material. The concrete should be deposited in is fine position care should be taken
at that time between mixing and placing of concrete should not exceeded 20 minutes.
Concrete should be compacted before the initial setting Stage.
Over vibration should be avoided because its separate the coarse aggregate from the
concrete and segregation take place.
Concrete should be laid continuously if laying is suspended for rest of the following day
the end shall be sloped at angle of 30 end.
Curing After about 2 hrs laying when concrete has begun to harden it shall be kept damp by covering net bag or
sand 24 hr and then cured by flooding with water making mud walls 7.5 cm high.
Finishing The exposed surface should be plastered with 1:3 cement sand mortar about 6mm thick layer and plaster
should be applied immediately after the removal of shuttering.
Measurement -
Measurement should be taken in cum for the finished work as deduction should be made for volume of
steel. reinforcement should be measured in a separate item in quintel.
8) Mild steel frames for doors and windows of 35 mm x 35 mm x 5 mm angle section steel should be mild steel of the best quality of standard specification and cross sectional
area of 35 mm x 35 mm x 5 mm.
steel work should be neat and exact to dimension all joint should be neat and strong.
Welding Before welding the joint should be prepared well and throughly cleaned.
Edges of thicker section should be beveled.
The work place should be firmly held prefreble in suitable fixture.
Frame Frame should be properly framed and joined by welded joint all the frame work should
be placed, neatly and truly finished to the exact dimension.
The frame should be painted by two coat.
Measurement It should be measured in quintel and may be by members. The cost of frame shall be
taken in per quintel.
9)
Mild steel reinforcement @ 1.5% R.C.C. work Mild Steel reinforcement work should be free from corrosion, loose dust grease, paint etc.
The reinforcement should be round and cable of being bent without fracture.
Bar should be hooked and placed in position as per design and drawing and bent together
tight 20 SWG and neared steel wire at their point of intersection.
Joint in the bar should be avoided as for as possible when joints have to be made an
overlap of 40 time dia. Of the bar shall be given with proper hook at the end and joint
should be staggered.
Utilized design is economical in the project, limit stage method is adopted and comprises
all the favorable point of working stresses as well as ultimate method of design.
For vertical loads there are different methods of analysis. A building frame is three dimensional vertical
frames all two mutually perpendicular horizontal axis of analysis. These frames
are analyzed
independently of each other. The degree of sophistication to which a structure analysis depends on the
importance of the Structure . A wide range of approaches have been used for building of varying height
and importance - from simple approximate methods which can be carried out manually of with the aid of
desk calculators, to more refined techniques involving computer solutions.
The various exact method of slope deflection method, moment distribution method, substitute frame
method, etc. The aproxomate method are portal method and cantilever method for computation using a
pocket calculator. The Kani's method is preferable most convenient method of analysis a building.
The design of structure consists of the following steps:
idealization of structure for analysis
Estimation of loads
Analysis of idealized structural model to determine axial thrust, shears, bending
moments and deflections.
Design of structural elements.
Details structural drawings and schedule of reinforcing bars.
There are three philosophies for the design of reinforced concrete pre-stressed
concrete as well as steel structures.
The working stress method
The ultimate local method
The limit state method
Working stress method has been the traditional method for reinforced concrete design where it is assumed
that concrete is elastic, steel and concrete together elastically and relationship between load and stress is
linear right up to the collapse of the structure. Working stress method has become obsolete these days.
The elastic concept is mainly used for computation of deflections which are under interest under working
loads rather than ultimate loads. It is economical and with it, we are not able to predict the behavior of
the structure of ultimate loads.
In the ultimate load method, the working loads are increased by suitable factor to obtain utlimate loads.
These actors are called load factors. In this strain distribution across the depth is l linear-right up to
failure, and the tensile strength of concrete is ignored in section subjected to bending.
While in limit state method the objective of design is to achieve an acceptable probability that a structure
will not become unserviceable in its life time for the use for which it had been lo intended, i.e. It will not
reach a limit state. In the limit state design method, these parameters are determined l based on
observation taken over a period of time. These parameters will thus be influenced by chance or random
effect, not just at a single instant but throughout the entire period of time or the sequence of time that is
being considered. structural members designed in the basis of permissible stresses using a factor of safety
regardless of different working conditions and load combination has different safety margins. There are
two main limit states :
3) Limit state of collapse : To satisfy this limit state, the strength must be adequate to carry the loads.
Accounts must be taken of stability.
2) Limit state of serviceability : To satisfy this limit state deflection, racking and vibration must not
be excessive.
The dead load of the building shall comprise the weight of all walls, partitions, floors and roofs including
weight of all other permanent constructions.
Live Load :
1. Live load on all floors = 3.5 KN/m2
2. Live load on roofs = 1.5 KN/m2
# Seismic Load :
In the case of structures, designed for horizontal seismic force, only it shall be considered to act in any
one direction at time. When both horizontal and vertical seismic force are taken in to account horizontal
force in any one direction may be considered at a time, simultaneously with the vertical forces as
specified in the clause 5.4.4 N.B.C.
The vertical seismic coefficient shall be considered only in the class of structure in which stability is a
criterion of design or for overall stability except as otherwise specified.
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(EQX+DL+0.5LL)
1.2(-EQX+DL+0.5LL)
1.2(EQX+DL+0.5LL)
1.2(-EQX+DL+0.5LL)
1.5 (EQX+DL)
1.5(-EQX+DL)
l.5(EQZ+DL)
1.5(-EQZ+DL)
1(1.5EQX +0.9DL)
1(-1.5EQX+O.9DL)
1(1.5EQZ+0.9DL)
1 (-1.5EQZ+0.9DL)
DL+LL
EQX+DL+LL
-EQX+DL+LL
EQZ+DL+LL
-EQZ+DL+LL
EQX+DL
-EQX +DL
EQZ+DL
EQZ+DL
SALIENT FEATURES:
Following are the some salient features of the Structure:
TYPE OF BUILDING :
: 150MM
LOADING DATA:
LIVE LOAD: [IS 875-II-1987]
DEAD LOAD
Design of Slab
Design of floor slab:
Centre line plan of building and identification of same type of slab:
Sl
Sl
\
S2
S2
,
\
S3
S3
S2
S2
Sl
Sl
FS-I
=110+20
=130mm
= 6 + (.15-.020)
= 6. 13m
Effectivespan = (6.13x4.I3)m
Ly /Lx =6.13/4.13 = 1.48 <2 (hence two way slab)
Load Consideration :
Considering 1m width of slab.
1)Dead load = density of concrete x d x b
= 25 x .15 x l
= 3.75 kN/m
x
0.075
Mx (-ve) = x W LX2
= 0.075 x 12.375 x 4.13^2
= 15.83 KN-m.
0.056
y
0.047
0.035 ..
=0.196 N/mm2
100 ASt/ B * d
= 100*357.07/1000* 130
=0.275%
Hence Shear strength (tc)= 0.37 N/mm2
Hence OK.
4m
6m
Therefore, effective depth required
= End Span/ Basic span ratio* M.F.
= 4000/26.1 * 1.43
= 107.58mm
Assume effective depth required= 130 mm
Total depth (D)= effective depth+ clear cover
D= 30+20 = 150 mm
Actual effective depth (d )= 130 mm
Effective span is (6.130 *4. 130)m
Ly /Lx = 6.13/4.13
= 1.48 < 2 (Hence, two way slab.)
Load Consideration
Considering 1 m width of slab
B= 1000mm= 1 m
Dead Load= Density of concrete *D*B
=25*0.150* 1
=3.75 KN/m
=8.25 KN/m
End Condition:- One short edge of slab is discontinuous { From IS 456-2000 (Table 26)}
Moment Coefficient
0.057
0.044
0.037
0.028
Moment Calculation
For Short span
Negative B.M. at continuous edge
Mx (-) = xLx2
= 0.057*12.375*4.13^2
=12.03 KN-m
= 9.287 KN-m
=7.81 KN-m
= 5.276 KN-m
=0.205%
= 229.54 N/mm2
FS-3
0.0448
0.0370
0.036
0.028
Moment calculation:
-ve BM at continuous edge
Mx(-) =x w lx2
=0.048*12.375*5.132 =15.63 KN-M
+ve BM at mid span
Mx (+) =x W Lx2
=0.036* 12.375*5.132
= 11.72KN-m
= 12.04 KN-m
My(+)= y W Lx2
= 0.028*12.375*5.131 = 9.18 KN-m
Checking the depth of the slab for max B.M
M=0.138 * ck B d2
D= (l5.63* 10^6/ 0.138*20* 1000)
D= 75.25mm < 130mm (ok)
D= 150mm
Check of REINFORCEMENT:Area of the Steel along the shorter span (ASt) in middle Strip
ASt (+) =0.5ck/y {1-(1-( 4.6Mu/ck*B*d2))} *B*d
=0.5*20/415* {1-((1-( 4.6* 11.72* 10^6/20* 1000* 1302)} * 1000* 130
= 260.67 mm2
Provided 8mm dia along shorter span at mid span
Spacing (x)=50.20* 1 000/260.67
=192.58 mm
Provided 8mm dia @80 mm c/c
Area of Steel along the short span (ASt) in continuous edge
ASt(-) = 0.5 *ck/y *B*d{1-{1-(4.6*15.63*10^6/20*1000*1302})
= 353.06 mm2
Provided 8mm dia along shorter span at continuous edge
Spacing (x)= 1000*50.20/353.06
= 142.18 mm
Provided 8mm dia @140 mm c/c
Reinforcement along longer span in middle strips:Area of Steel along the longer span (ASt) in middle Strip
ASt (+) = 0.5 ck/y *B*d {l-((1-4.6*Mu /ck *B*d2)}
=0.5*20*1000* 130/415 {1- (1-4.6*9.12* 10^6/ 20* 1000* 1302}}
= 200.84 mm2
Provided 8mm along or span at mid span
Spacing (x) = 50.20* 1000/200.84
= 249.95mm ~ 250mm
=0.027 %
=230.8 N/mm2
=31.174 KN
ROOF SLAB
RSl
RSl
Rs2
RS2
RS3
RS3
RS2
RS2
RSl
RSl
RS 1
0.075
0.047
0.056
0.035
= 6.50 KN-m
(0.5 x 20 x 1000 x 130 )/415 [ 1 - 1-(4.6 x 10.39 x 106)/ 20x 1000 X 1302
= 230 mm2
Provide 8 mm dia bar along shorter span (ASt) in continuous edge
ASt (-ve) = 0.5 ck x B x d )/y[ 1- 1(1 - 4.6 Mu)/ck B d2
=(0.5*20* 1000* 130)/415 [1-1-(4.6x 13.91 x 106/120*100*1302)
=312.05mm2
Provided 8 mm dia along shorter span at cont. edge
Spacing (x) = 50.20 x 1000/312.05 = 160.87 mm
Provided 8 mm dia 150 mm C/C
Reinforcement along longer span in middle Strip :Area of Steel along the longer span (ASt) = 0.5 ck x B x d )/Gy[ 1- 1J (1 - 4.6 Mu)/ck B d2]
= (0.5 x 20 x 1000 x 130)/415 [ 1 -1 - (4.6 x 6.50 x 106)/20 x 1000 x 1302
= 141.76 mm2
Provided 8 mm dia along longer at mid span
Spacing (x) = 50.20 x 1000/141.76 = 354.11 mm
Provide 8 mmdia @ 300 c/c
Area of Steel along the longer span (A St) at cont. edge
ASt(-ve) = (0.5 x 20 x 1000 x 130)/415 [ 1- 1 -( 4.6 x 8.72 x 106)/ 20x 1000 X 1302
= 191.74mm2
Provide 8 mm dia along longer span at cont. edge
Spacing (x) = 50.20 x 1000/191.74 = 261.8
Provide 8 mm dia @ 250 c/c
R S- 2
Slab sixe = 6 x 4 = 24
Depth of the slab:
Basic Span Depth ratio for continuous slab=26
Assuming 0.30% Steel, M.f= 1.43
Therefore effective depth required
= End span/Basic Span depth ratio x M.F
=4000/(26x1.43)= 107.58mm
Assume effective depth required
D = 130mm
Total Depth (D)= Effective depth +Clear span
110+20 = 150mm
Adopt tatal Depth (0)= 150mm
Actual Effective depth (d)= 130mm
Effective span is (6.130 x 4. 130)m
(Ly/Lx)= (6.130/3.130)= 1.49
1.5<2
Load Consideration :-
= 7.25 kN/m
= 10.875 kN/m
y
0.037
edge
For +ve BM at mid span
0.028
0.044
Moment calculation:
For Shorten Span:
-ve 8M at continues edge
Mx(-)=x WLX2
0.057 x 10.875 x 4.132
= 10.57 kNm
= 8016 kNm
= 6.86 kn-m
= 5.19 kn-m
149.&.1 = 150mm
Provided 8 mm dia along longer span at continuous edge
Spacing(x)= (50.20 x 1000)/150 = 335.10 mm
Provided 8 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c
Check for deflection :L/d provided = 4130/150 = 27.53 mm
% of reinforcement = 100 x ASt / (B x d)
100 x 234.05 /1000 x 130 = 0.20%
Fs= 0.58 x y x Area of Steel required / area of Steel provided
0.58 x 415 x 234.05/246.10
Fs =228.91N /mm2
Modification factor = 1.6 (from graph, IS -456 -2000 )
(L/d)max = 26 x 1.6 = 41.6 > (L/d) provided (O.K.)
Check for shear :Max shear force at support (v) = Wu x lx/2
10.875 x 4.13 12 = 22.45 kn
Nominal shear Stress 'v = v/B x d
22.45 X 103/(1000 x 130)= 0.18 N /mm2
% of reinforcement = 100 x ASt/ (B x d)
RS-3
Load Consideration:
Considering 1 m width of slab
B= 1000mm= 1 m
Dead load= Density of concrete x D x B
=25 x 0.150 x 1
=3.75 kN/m
Super Imposed Load (IL)= 1.5kN/m
0.048
0.037
0.036
0.028
= 13.74kN/m
= 10.3kN/m
= 10.58kN/m
=8.01kN/m
(Safe)
= 0.21N /mm2
= 0.28%
Hence shear Strength c= 0.37 N/mm2 (As per IS-456- 2000 .table 19)
Shear Strength for slab ( c = k v)
=1.3 x 0.37 = 0.481 N/mm2
' c> hence safe ( ok)
Mx=x
moment
-ve
0.075 0.047
+ve
-ve
0.056 0.035
0.057 0.037
+ve
-ve
0.044 0.028
0.048
0.037
M = x
Reinforcement
y
.
W detail along
Reinforcement
detail along long
Wlx2
Ix2
short span
span
15.83
9.92
8 mmcp@130
mmc/c
mmc/c
8 mmcp@180
mmc/c
mmclc
11.85
12.03
9.287
15.63
7.39
7.81
5.276
mmc/c
8 mmcp@240
mmc/c
mmc/c
12.04
5
0.028
11.72
mmcp@280
mmc/c
8 mmdia@140
9.118
mmcp@300
mmdia@18
0
mmc/
mmc/c
0.036
mmcp@250
8 mmcp@ 180 8
1.
+ve
mmcp@130
8 mmdia@180
mmdia@24
0
mmc/
mmc/c
Typ
of x
e
-x moment
Mx = x My = x
W
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
detail
along
-ve
0.075
0.047
Wlx2
Ix2
short span
span
13.91
8.72
8 mmdia@150
mmc/c
mmc/c
.5
+ve
-ve
0.056
0.057
0.035
0.037
10.39
6.86
6.50
7.81
.5
+ve
-ve
0.044
0.048
0.028
0.037
8.16
13.74
5.190
10.58
5
+ve
0.036
0.028
10.3
8.01
8mmdia@21 Om 8
m c/c
mmc/c
8mmdia@200m
mc/c
mmc/c
8 mmdia@275
mmc/c
mmc/c
8 mmdia@160
mmc/c
mmc/c
8 mmdia@200
mmc/c
mmc/c
mmdia@25
0
mmdia@30
0
mmdia@30
0
mmdia@30
0
mmdia@20
0
mmdia@27
5
Load Analysis
Type of Structure= Multi-Storey
1. Zone= III
2. Number of Stories= Three (G+2) 1. Floor to floor height= 3.5m
4. External walls= 250 mm including plaSter
5. Internal walls= 150 mm
6. Size of column= (250*450) mm
7. Size of beam (external)= (250*400) mm
8. Size of beam (internal)= (250*450) mm
Loading data: 10.5 m
= 5 KN/m
= 5.75 KN/m
Total weight on the beam (B6)
Tributary floor area on beam (B6)
= {O5*(6+ 1 )*2.5)*(0.5*( 6+ 2)*2)
Roofweight on beam (B6)=
= 16.75 m
5.75* 16.15
= 96.3125 KN
=3.75 KN/m
(0.5*(6+ 1 )*2.5)+6+2)*2)
=16.75 m
Slab weight in beam (B6)
16.75* 4.75
= 79.5625 KN
= 24.285 KN/m
= 4.1875 KN/m
= 16.75 m
=16.75 m
Lx=4+4+5+4+4== 21 m
Ly= 6+6=12m
a)Wt of floor= (21*12*(3.75+1))=1197KN
b)Wt of roof= (Ws+TWF+FF) = 21*12*(3.75+1.5+0.5) = 149 KN
c)Wt of peripherals beam (Traverse) = [2*{6- 0.5*0.250-0.5*0.250)*1.5625]*2= 35.9375
KN
d) Wt of peripheral beam (1ongitudinal)= [4*(4-0.250/2-0.250/2)*1.5625]*2+ [1 *(5
0.5*0.250- 0.5*0.250)*1.5625]*2 = 468.875+14.84375 = 61.71875 KN
e) Wt of parapet wall (1 m high and 150 mm thick)=2*(12+21)*1 *(0.150)*20= 198 KN f) Wt of
external wall= 20*0.25 * (2*19.75+2*11.5) (3.5- 0.41)= 953.125
g) Interior beams (transverse)= [4*(6-0.450)* 1.875)*2]
h) Interior beams(longitudinal) =4*(4-0.250)*1.875]+[1 *(5-0.250)*1.875]= 28.125+8.9=
37.03 KN
i) Wt of interior wall (150 mm thick)
Length (transverse)
= {(6-0.5*0.25-0.5*0.25)*4*2 =46m
Wt of interior wall= 20* 0.150 *46*(3.5-0.450)= 420.9KN
Length (1ongitudinal) = {4-0.25)*4}+(5-0.25)
= 15+4.75 =19.75m
Wt of interior wall = 20*0.150* 19.75*(3.75-0.45)
= 195.525KN
Total wt of interior wall= 421 + 195.525 = 616.525 KN
j) Wt of external column/height
(6*250*0.450*25)*2
=39.375 KN/m
= 11.25 KN/m
Ah*W
=0.06*9031.25382
= 541.875 KN
P= 13.775 KN
PORTAL METHOD
Horizontal shear in column
55+28.20= 4Q
Q= 20.825 KN
55.10+28.20+7.05= 4R
R=22.58 KN
Moment in Column:
C1(External column 2nd floor)
MA2AI = MC1C2 =MC2C1= Ph/2= 13.775*3.5/2
=24.11 K.N
Internal Column
MB1B2=MB2B1=2Ph/2= 2*13.775*3.5/2
=48.2 KN-m
S3 IInd Floor
Axial forces in columns:
= 20.18 KN
B2C2
1.03+20.18
= 28.21 KN
Column C3C4= Axial forces in column C2C3+ SFB3C3= 28.21+25.36= 53.57 KN
Portal method:
Terrace :
Horizontal shear in columns
55.10 = p+2p +2p +2p +2p+p
55.10 = l0p
P = 5.51 KN
IInd floor:
55. 10+28.20 = 10Q
Q = 8.33 KN
ISt Floor:
55.10+28.20+7.05 =l0R
R=9.035 KN
Moment in column
2nd Floor (external f1oor )
C1-MA1A2=MA2A1=Mf1f2=Mf2f1
=Ph/2 = 5.51 *3.5/2
=9.6425 KN-m
C2- MB1B2=MB2B1=MC1C2=MC2C1=MDID2=MD2DI=MFlF2=MF2FI= 2Ph/2
=2*5.51 *3.5/2
=19.285KN-m
ISt floor (internal column)
C3- MA2A3=MA3A2=MF2F3=MF3F2=Qh/2
=8.33*3.5/2
=14.575 KN-m
(Internal column)
C4- MB2B3=MB3B2=MC2C3= MC3C2= MD2D3= MD3D2= MF2F3=MF3F2=2Qh/2
2*8.33 *3. 5/2
=29. 155KN-m
(Exlernal column) Ground floor
C5- MA3A4=MA4A3=MF3F4=MF4F3=RH/2
21.035*3.5/2
=15.81 KN-m
(Internal column)
IInd Floor
S2-SA2B2=SB2A2=SB2C2=SC2B2=SD2E2= SE2D2=SE2F2=SF2E2
24.22/(4/2)
= 12.11KN
SC2D2=SD2C2=24.22/(5/2) =9.688 KN
ISt floor
S3-SA3B3=SB3A3=SB3C3=SC3B3= SC3B3= SD3E3=SE3D3=SE3F3=SF3E3
30.38/(4/2)
=15.19 KN
SC3D3=SD3C3= 30.38/(5/2) = 12.15 KN
Axial forces in column:
Taking moment about A
RB*L-M-M =0
=2M/L
RA=2M/L
Column A1A2 =2M/L
2*9.625/4 =4.81KN
Coloumn A2A3= 2MA2A3/1
2*14.5775/4 =7.288KN
Column A3 A4=2MA3A4/l = 2*15.81/4 = 7.905 KN
Axial forces in column:
ColumnA1A2 = S.FAlB1 =4.8125 KN
ColumnA2A3 = column A1A2 + S.FA282
=4.8125=12.11= 16.9225 KN
Column A3A4 = axial force in column A2A3 + S.FA3B3
16.9225 +15.196 =32.1125 KN
ColumnB1B2 =S.FA1B1 S.FB1CI
=4.8125-4.8125 =0
= 8.72 KN
= 87.69 KN
= 57.19KN
= 72.44 KN
= 52.6 KN
= 34.31 KN
= 43.46 KN
= 251 KN
MEMBER
DEAD
LOAD
FEM DUE TO DL
(DL)
AB
JOINT
LOAD
9.771
ST
IFFNESS
COMBINED
DISTRIBUTION
IFFNESS
FACTOR (DF)
ST
TOTAL
==WL/12
24,285
MEMBER
FEM DUE
AB
0.67
AG
1.14
AD
1.14
0.227
2.95
0.386
0.386
1
BC
0.67
0.185
BE
1.14
BH
1.14
0.315
BA
0.61
0.185
3.62
0.315
1
C
CB
0.67
CF
1.14
CI
1.14
0.227
2.95
0.386
0.386
0.9991
DL = BC
TO
JOINT
MEMBERS
AB
BA
BC
CB
DF
0.227
0.185
0.185
0.227
-72.885
72.855
1. FEM due
to DL
2.
FEM
due to TL
-102.168
+102.168
(102.168-
3.
72.855)*0.815=-
DiStribution
4.
Carryover
5.42
-5.42/2=-2.71
5 Add 2.
And 4.
6.
(+102.168*0.227
DiStributive
)
= -23.20
Total
Moment
-81.68 KN-m
(5+6)
DL= ABC
MEMBERS AB
BA
BC
CB
DF
0.227
0.185
0.185
0.227
+102.168
-102.168
+102.168
(102.168*0.227)
(-102.168*0.227)
FEM
due
to DL
FEM
due
to TL
102.168
DISTRIBUTIO
= +23.20
= -23.20
N
4. Carryover
-5.42/2 = -2.71 -11.60
5. Add 2. And 4 -104.88
90.58
6. DiStributive
( 102.168*0.22 (+102.168*0.185
Total Moment
7)
) 16.75
= +23.20
73.83 KN-m
-73.83 KN-m
11.60
-90.58
(102.168*185)
+16.75
(5+6)
DL= ABC
JOINT
MEMBERS
AB
BA
BC
CB
DF
0.227
0.185
0.185
0.227
1. FEM due
to DL
2.
-72.855
72.855
FEM
due to TL
3.
DiStribution
-102.168
+102.168
(102.168*0.227)
(72.855-
= +23.20
102.168)*0.185
= +5.42
4.
+5.42/2= +2.71
Carryover
5 Add 2.
And 4.
6.
(+102.168*0.227)
DiStributive
= -23.20
Total
81.68
Moment
(5+6)
DL = ABC
JOINT
MEMBERS
AB
BA
BC
CB
DF
0.227
0.185
0.185
0.227
1. FEM due
-72.855
to DL
2.
FEM
due to TL
- 102.168
+72.855
+102.168
(102.168*0.227)
3.
= +23.20
DiStribution
(102.16872.855)*0.185
= -5.42
4.
Carryover
Total
Moment
-5.42/2 = 2.71
+11.60
-81.68 KN-m
+108.348 KN-m
,DL=ABC
JOINT
MEMBERS
AB
BA
BC
CB
DF
0.227
0.185
0.185
0.227
-72.855
72.855
1. FEM due
to DL
2.
FEM
due to TL
3.
DiStribution
-102.168
102.168
(102.168+72.855)*
0.185
(-102.168*0.227)=
-23.20
=+5.42
4.
Carryover
Total
Moment
-11.59
-108.348
KN-m
5.42/2=2.71
+81.68 KN-m
Design of Column
Ground Floor
Design of External column (cl c3 cl6 c18)
Size of column = 250mmx450mm
Concrete mix =M20
CharacteriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
Axial force on column = 405.22kN
Moment acting on column= 39.515kN-m
Factored Axial force on column (Pu) = 1.5 x 405.22
= 607.83 kN
Factor Moment acting of column (Mu)= 1.5 x 39.515 = 60.00 kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Asume effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall depth I
=d/D=50/450=0.11
Calculation Of Pu/ck x b x D and Mu/ckbD2
where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
Pu/ck X b D= 607.83 x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.27
Mu/ ck X b X D2= 60 x 106/20 x 250 x 4502= 0.10
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating p/ck
Therefore p/ck =0.06
Therefore percentage of reinforcement (P) = 0.06 x 20= 1.2%
Area of reinforcement required ASt = P x bD
= 1.2 x 250 x 450/1 00
= 1350mm2
Lateral Ties :
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
a) 6mm
b) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 16= 4
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
a) LeaSt lateral diamension of column 250mm
b) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 16 = 256 mm
c) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
d) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
Design of External column (c4 c6 c13 c15)
Size of column = 250 mm x 450mm
Concrete mix =M20
CharacteriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
Axial force on column = 641.265kN
Moment acting on column= 39.515kN-m
Factorized Axial force on column ( Pu) = 1.45 x 641.265
Factor Moment acting of column (Mu) = 1.5 x 39.515
961.8975 kN
= 60.66 kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Assume effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall depth
=d/D=50/450=0.11
Calculation of Pu/<ck x b x D and Mu/<ckbD2
Where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
Pu/ckxbxD = 961.8975 x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.43
Mu/ck x b x D2= 60 x 106 /20 x 250 x 4502= 0.10
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating p /ck
Therefore p/ ck = 0.09
= 1064.01 kN
= 60.00 kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Assume ffective cover (d')= 50mm
axial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
overall depth
=d/D=50/45 0=0. 11
Calculation of Pu/ck X b x D and Mu/ck bD2
Where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
Pu/ck x b D= 1064.01 x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.47
Mu/ckx b X D2= 60 X 106/20 x 250 x 4502= 0.1 0
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating pi/ck
Therefore p/ck =0.10
Therefore percentage of reinforcement (P) = 0.10 x 20=2%
Area of reinforcement = P x bD
= 2x 250 x 450/1 00
= 2250mm2
Therefore provided 20mm dia@8bars
Lateral Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
e) 6mm
f) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 20= 5
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
i) LeaSt lateral diamention of column 250mm
j) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 20 = 320 mm
k) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
l) 300mm
Spacing= 300mm
Therefore 6mm bar @300mm c/c.
Design of External column (c2 c17)
Size of column = 250mmx450mm
concrete mix =M20
teriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
= 1558.83 kN
118.54kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall depth
=d/D=50/450=0.11
calculation of Pu/ck x b x D and Mu/ckbD2
where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
pu/ck x bD= 1558.83 x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.69
Mu/ck b * D2 = 118.54 x 106/20 x 250 x 4502= 0.12
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating p/ck
.Thereforeore p/ck =0.11
Therefore percentage of reinforcement (p) = 0.11 x 20=2.2%
Area of reinforcement required ASt = P x bD
=2.2 x 250 x450/100 = 2475mm2
Therefore provided 20mm dia @ 8bars
Lateral Ties:
= 3150mm2
FIRST FLOOR
DESIGN OF COLUMN
Design of External Column (c1 c3 c16 cI8)
Size Of column = 250mrnx450mm
Concrete mix =M20
CharacteriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
Axial force on column = 251.00kN
Moment acting on column= 36.44kN-m
Factorized Axial force on column(Pu) = 1.5*251 = 376.5kN
Factorized Moment acting of column (Mu)= 1.5 x 36.44
= 54.66kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Assume effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall depth
=d/D=50/450=0.11
Calculation of Pu/ck x b x D and Mu/ck x bD2
Where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
Pu/ck x b D= 376.5 x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.17
Mu/ck x 54.66 x 106/20 x 250 x 4502= 0.05
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating p/ck
Therefore p/ ck=0.04
Therefore percentage of reinforcement (P) = 0.04 x 20=0.8%
Area in reinforcement required ASt = p x bD
=0.8 x 250 x 450 / 100 = 900mm2
Therefore provided 16 mm @ 5 bars
Lateral Ties:
Qverall Depth
=d/D=50/450=0.11
Calculation of Pu ck X b x D and Mu/ckbD2
Where Pu and Mu are the factored axial compressive load and bending moment respectively
Pu/ck x b D=675x 103/20 x 250 x 450= 0.30
Mu/ck xbxD2= 54.66x 106/20 x 250 x 4502= 0.05
Therefore using chart 45 of design aid to is 456-2000 SP 16 for calculating p/ck
Therefore percentage of reinforcement (P) = 0.04 x 20=0.8%
Area of reinforcemant required ASt = p x bD
=0.8 x 250 x 450/1 00= 900mm2
Therefore provided 16mm dia@5 bars
Laterial Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
q) 6mm
r) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement = 1 /4 x 16= 4
Therefore , provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
gg) LeaSt lateral dimension of column 250mm
hh) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 16 =256 mm
ii) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
jj) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @25Omm c/c.
Lateral Ties :
Diameter of Lateral ties shall be not less then
s) 6mm
t) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 16= 4
= 2025mm2
SECOND FLOOR
DESIGN OF COLUMN
Design of External Column (cl c3 cl7 c18)
Size of column = 250mmx450mm
Lateral Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
cc) 6 mm
dd) diameter of longitudinal reinforcement = 1/4 x 16 = 4
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
aaa) LeaSt lateral dimension of column 250mm
bbb) 16 x diameter of longitudinal = 16 x 16 = 256 mm
ccc) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
ddd) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
Design of External Column (c4 c6 c13 c15)
Size of column = 250mmx450mm
Concrete mix =M20
CharacteriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
Axia force on column = 172.125kN
Moment acting on column= 24.11 kN - m
Factor Axial force on column(Pu) = 1.5*172.125= 258.19 kN
Factor Moment acting of column (Mu)= 1.5 x 24.11= 36.165kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
.Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Assume effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall Depth
=d/D=5O/450=0.11
Lateral Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
cc)6mm
dd) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 16= 4
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
eee) LeaSt lateral diamention of column 250mm
fff) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 16 = 256 mm
ggg) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
hhh) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
Lateral Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
ee)6mm
ff) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 16= 4
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
iii) LeaSt lateral diamention of column 250mm
jjj) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 16 = 256 mm
kkk) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
lll) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
Design of Internal Column (c8 c11 )
Size of column = 250mmx450mm
Concrete mix =M20
CharacteriStic Strength of reinforcement = 415N/mm2
Axial force on column = 322.10kN
Moment acting on column= 48.22 kN - m
Factor Axial force on column(Pu) = 1.5*322.125= 483.105 kN
Factor Moment acting of column (Mu)= 1.5 x 24.11= 72.3 kN-m
Assume Moment due to minimum eccentricity are less then the values given above
.Reinforcement is diStributed equal on 4 side
Assume effective cover (d')= 50mm
Uniaxial moment capacity of the section= effective cover
Overall Depth
=d/D=5O/450=0.11
Lateral Ties:
Diameter of lateral ties shall be not less then
ii)6mm
jj) x diameter of longitudinal reinforcement =1/4 x 16= 4
Therefore, provide 6mm tie
Spacing of tie shall not exceed
qqq) LeaSt lateral diamention of column 250mm
rrr) 16 x diameter of longitudinal =16 x 16 = 256 mm
sss) 48 x diameter of ties = 48 x 6= 288mm
ttt) 300mm
Spacing = 250mm
Therefore 6mm bar @250mm c/c.
DESIGN OF BEAM
Design of Roof Beam :
Internal beam for roof beams:
B3, B4,B5,B6,B7,B8,B9,B 10, B 18,B19,B20,B21 ,B22
Tolal moment due to Dead load and Live load
M =108.035KN-m
Bending Moment due to External load = 24.1KN-m
Factored combined load = 1.2(Dead load+Live load+External load)
= 1.2(108.035+24.1 )
Mu = 158.562 KN-m
Beam size (250*450)
D = 450
d = 450 -cover
d = 450 -40=410
b = 250mm
Xmlim = 0.42d =0.42*410
=197mm
Hence ok (safe)
Check;
Maximum tension Steel ASt =0.04bD
=4500 mm2
=18KN
= 1 17.035KN-m
Mulim < Mu
(doubly reinforcement)
c=T
0.36 ck bxmlim =0.87y ASt
ASt1 =753.80mm2
Mu - Mulim =0.87yASt2 (d-d')
(169.13-80.58) 106 =0.87*415*(360-40) ASt2
ASt2 = 674.95mm2
ASt1 = AStl + ASt2
=753.80+674.95 =1428.47mm2
Provided 20mm bars
'No. of bars = 1428.47/314 =4.35 bars
% of Steel Ps=1428.47*100/250*360 = 1.58%
Check;
Maximum tension Steel ASt =0.04bD
=4500 mm2
SECOND FLOOR
Internal beam for second floor beams:
B3,B4,B5 B6,B7,B8, B9, B 10, B18,B 19,B20,B21 ,B22
Net of internal wall =20*5.05*5.75*0.15 = 52.6 KN
Total load of internal wall on beam
w = 52.6/6 =8.77KN/m
Mw = wl2/12 =8.77*36/12 =26.31KN-m
Total moment due to wall and dead load and live load
M =108.035+ 26.3 = 134.34KN-m
Bending Moment due to External load = 60.55KN-m
Factored combined load = 1.2(Dead 10ad+Live 10ad+Externalload)
1.2(134.34+60.55)
'Mu = 233.868 KN-m
Beam size (250*450)
,D= 450
d = 450 -cover
d = 450 -40=410
b = 250 mm
Xmlim = 00.4d = 0.42 * 410 = 197 mm
Mulim = 0.36 ck bxmlim (d-0.42xmim)
= 0.36*20*250*197 (410-0.42*197) = 116.05 KN m
Mulim < Mu (doubly reinforcement)
c=T
0.36ck bx mlim = 0.87yAStl
AStl = 982.135 mm2
Mu Mulim = 0.587 yASt1
(233.868-116.05)106 = 0.87*415*(410-40) ASt2
ASt2 = 881.94 mm2
ASt = ASt1+ASt2
= 982.135+881.94
= 1864.08 mm2
= 1.2(151.87+60.55)
Mu = 254.664 KN-m
Beam wize (250*400)
D = 400
d = 400 -cover
d = 400 -40=360mm
B = 250 mm
Xmlim = 0.4 d = 0.42d=0.42*360 =151mm
Mulim = 0.36ck bx mlim (d-0.42xmlim)
= 0.36*20*250* 151 (360-0.42 * 151) =80.58KN-m
Mulim<Mu
(doubly reinforcement)
C= T
0.36ckbxmlim = 0.87 yASt1
ASt1 = 753.80mm2
Mu -Mulim =0.870yASt2( d-d')
(254.664-80.58) 106 =0.87*415*(360-40) ASt2
ASt2 = 1505.79mm2
ASt = ASt1 + ASt2
= 753.80 + +1505.79 =2259.59mm2
Provided 22mm dia bars
No.of bars= 2259.59/379.79 =5.96 6 bars
% of Steel Ps =2259.59* 1 00/250*360 = 2.51 %
Area of Steel in compression:
Calculation for Strain:
Esc= 0.003 [xmlim-d' 1 Xmlim] =0.003[151-40/151]
= 0.0022N/mm2
See value of fsc as code IS -456-2000
Fsc=0.85y=0.85*415=352.75N/mm2
Fsc=0.58y * Area required/ Area provided
= 58*415*2259 .59/2279.9
=238.57 N/mm2
= 134.34KN-m
d = 450 -cover
d = 450 40 = 410 mm
b = 250 mm
Xmlim =0.42d=0.42*41O =197mm
Xmlim= 0.36ck b xmlim (d-0.42xmlim)
= 0.36*20*250* 197(410-0.42* 197) =116.05KN-m
Mulim < Mu
( doubly reinforcement)
c=T
0.36ckbxmlim =0.87yAStl
ASt1 = 982.135mm2
Mu -Mulim =0. 87yASt2( d-d')
(252.408-116.05) 106 =0.87*415*(410-40) ASt2
ASt2 =1020.73mm2
ASt =AStl + ASt2
= 982.135+1020.73
=2002.86mm2
= 1.95%
( doubly reinforcement)
c=T
0.36ckbxmlm, =0.87 y , ASt1
ASt = 753.80mm2
Mu-Mulim =0.87yASt2 (d-d')
(273.44-80.58) 106 =0.87*415*(360-40) ASt2
ASt2 =1668.34mm2
ASt = AStl + ASt2
= 753.80+ 1668.34
=2422.143mm2
= 2.69%
= 0.0022N/mm2
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Assume bearing capacity of soil = 100KN/m2
Assume self weight of footing =10% of load coming through column
For Isolated Footing (F 1) under the column (C1,C3,CI6,C18) Load consideration :Load coming through column (Pa)=459.79 KN
Column size =250*450mm
Self weight of footing (P1)
Total load
=45.979KN
=459.79+45.979
=505.769KN
=0.25+ 2 *0.955=2.25m
=3.6m
v = Vu/ bo*d
permissible shear Stress
c = Ks+ c
ks = (0.5+c)
c = 1
Ks = (0.5 +1) > 1
Ks = 1
c = c = 25 ck
=0.2520 = 1.11 N/mm2
Vu/b0*d=1.11 ==422* 103/3.6* 103*d
D= 130.11 mm<450mm( ok)
Hence adopt effective depth(d)=450mm
Overall depth(D) = 500mm
For Isolated Footing (F 2) under the column (C4,C6,C13,C15) Load consideration
Load coming through column (Po)=641.265 KN
Column size ==250*450mm
Self weight of footing (P1) =64.1 265KN
Total load ==641.265+64.1265
=705.39KN
= 88.10*[(2.8-0.45/2)-0.45]*2.8 =179 KN
=0.13%
Ks = 1
c = c = 0.25ck
Muyy=1.5*
netupward
pressure*B*(B-b)2/8
=1.5*93.828*2.7*(2.7-0.25)2/8
=285.11 Kn-m
Maximum Bending Moment =306.23KN-m
M = 0.138ckbd2
=106*-306.23
=0.138*20*2900*d2
d = 195.6mm
Overall depth (D)= 195.6+50
=245.6mm
Adopt 550mm overall depth and 500mm effective depth of foundation due to shear
consideration.
Depth from consideration of shear:
The value of the depth obtained from the factored B.M. consideration is to be checked for
adequacy from shear consideration.
Let the footing be sloped to an overall depth =230mm at edge
Calculation of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement in longer direction
ASt(y) = O.5ck/y *B*d(1-1-4.6Muyy/ck*B*d2)
For isolated Footing (F4) under the column (C2,C17') Load consideration :
Load coming through column (Po)=688.16 KN
Column size =250*450mm
Adopt 550mm overall depth and 500mm effective depth of foundation due to shear
consideration.
Depth from consideration of shear:
The value of the depth obtained from the factored B.M. consideration is to be checked for
frequacy from shear consideration.
Let the footing be sloped to an overall depth =230mm at edge
Calculation of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement in longer direction
ASt(y) =0.5ck/y *B*d( 1- l-4.6Muyy/ck*B*d2)
= 1160.49 KN
11.61m2=
Let x be the projection of footing from the face of column = (0.45+2x)*(0.250+2x) area of
footing = 11.61 m2 = 11.61 m2
4x2+0.1125+0.9x+0.5x
4x2+.4x+0.1125x = 11.61
4x2+I.4x-l1.4975 =0
X=1.56m
Breadth of the footing(b)=0.45+2x
=0.45+2*3.12
=3.57m
b 3.6m
Width of the footing(B) =0.25+2x
=0.25+2*3.12=3.37
b 3.4m
Hence provided rectangular footing of size =(3.6*3.4)m
Area of rectangular footing =3.6*3.4=12.24m2
Net upward pressure = Load/Area
S7KN/m2.93 = 1149/12.24=
Muxx =1.5net upward pressure*L *(L-1)2/8
2
628.73Kn-m=
Muyy= 1.5*net upward pressure*B *(B-b )2/8
593.8KN-m= 2/8(3.4-0.25)*3.4*93.87*1.5
Maximum Bending Moment =628.73KN-m
M = 0.138ck*b*d2
106*628.73 =0. I 38*20*3600*d2
d = 251.55mm
Overall depth (D)= 251.55+50 =301.55mm
Adopt 550mm overall depth and 500mm effective depth of foundation due to shear
consideration.
Depth from consideration of shear:
The value of the depth obtained from the factored RM. consideration is to be checked for
adequacy from shear consideration.
Let the footing be sloped to an overall depth =230mm at edge
Calculation of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement in longer direction
ASt(yy) =o.5ck/y *B*d( 1- 1-4.6 Muyy/ck*B*d2)
=0.20%
Hence
(c > v) safe ok
Check for Two Way Shear:
The critical section for the two way shear is considered as di Stance (d/2) from the periphery of
reface of column
Shear force at a critical section
Vu =net upward pressure
pn*[B2 (b+d)2]=
=93.87*[3.42 -(0.45+0.50l
Perimeter bo =4(b+d)
=4(0.45+0.5 ) =3.8m
v =Vu/ bo*d
Permissible shear Stress
c =Ks+c
Ks = (0.5+c)
c =l
Ks =(0.5+ I) > I
Ks=l
c '= c =.25 ck
= 1000.45 KN
=10039.22/10.88
= 95.51 < 1 00 KN/m2 (safe in bearing capacity of soil)
Muxx == 1.5*net upward pressure*L *(L-1)2/8
530KN-m= 2/8 (3.4-0.45 )3.4 * 95.51* 1.5=
Muyy==1.5* net upward pressure*B*(B-b)2/8
498.75KN-m= 2/8 (3.2-0.25 )*3.2 * 95.51*1.5=
Maximum Bending Moment =530KN-m
m=0.13 8ckbd2
d2 * 3100*20*0.138=530*106
d =248.887mm
Overall depth (D)= 248.887+50
=298.887mm
Adopt 550mm overall depth and 500mm effective depth of foundation due to shear
consideration.
Depth from consideration of shear:
The value of the depth obtained from the factored B.M. consideration is to be checked for
adequacy from shear consideration.
Let the footing be sloped to an overall depth =230mm at edge
Calculation of Reinforcement:
Reinforcement in longer direction
ASt(y) = 0.5ck/y *B*d(1- 1-4.6Muyy/ck*B*d2)
=0.5*20/415*3200*500( 1- 1-4.6*530* 106/20*3200*5002)
ASt(yy) = 3058.67 mm2
Provided 12mmdia bars
Spacing =113*3200/3058.67
=118.62mm
Provided 12 mm dia @100mm c/c
Perimeter bo =4(b+d)
=4(0.45+0.5) =3.8m
Tv =Vu/ bo*d
Permissible shear Stress
Tc = Ks+ 't c
Ks = (O.5+c)
c = 1
Ks =(O.5+ 1)> 1
Ks=l
Tc = tc =.25CK
=0.2520 = 1.11 N/mm2
Vu/bo*d =1.11 l018*103/3.8*103*d
d= 241.34mm<500mm
Hence adopt effective depth( d)=500mm
Load on landing A :
Self weight of the slab per m2 =0.2*25 =5.0KN/m2
Finishing =0.03 *25 =0.75 KN/m2
Live load per m2 on =3 KN/m2
Total load =8.75 KN/m2
Factored load =1.5*8.75 =13.125 KN/m2
Taking 1.8m width of the slab, load =13.125*0.90 =11.81 KN/m2
Load on landing B :
In a diStance of 1500mm , the total factored load will be same
Total load per m2=13.125 KN/m2
Per m load =13.125*1.8 =23.625 KN/m2
According to code -in a diStance equal to 150 mm from the wall at a diStance 75mm inside the !
all only dead load will be considered
Total factored dead load per m =1.5*5.75 =8.625 KN/m2
Loading condition:
RA. + RB =11.81 *0.45+31.275*3.3+23.625* 1.50+8.625*0.225
= 145.90KN
MA = 0
RB * 5.475
=11.81*0.45*0.225+31.275*3.3*(0.45+3.3/2)+23.625*
1.50*(3.75+1.5/2)+8.625*0.225*(5.25+0.225/2)
= 70.82KN
RA = 70.82 KN
RB =75.07KN
D = 149 mm
Hence adopt d = 150mm
D=200mm
Now area of reinforcement is given by
BM=0.87*y* ASt ( d-0.42xm)
110.37*106 =0.87 *415* AST (150 -0.42*150)
ASt = 2552.53 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia bars @10Oc/c spaced in 1.8 m width
Check for shear:
Nominal shear Stress
V= Vu/B*d
= 75.07* 103/1800* 150
=0.28N/mm2
% of reinforcement = ASt /*100Bd
=2599.92* 1 00/1800* 150
=0.96%
Shear Strength of M 20 concrete for 0.96% Steel
C = 0.612 N/mm
K = 1.2 for 200 mm thick slab
Shear Strength of slab C' =k*'C= 1.2 *0.612 =0.734 N/mm2 >0.28 N/mm2 (ok)
Check for Development Length:
Development length for 12mm dia bar
Ld =47dia =47*10 =564mm~600mm
From point C development length of 600 mm should be available in either direction to top as
well as bottom bars
D=170mm
Now area of reinforcement is given by
BM =0.87*y* AST( d-0.42xm)
32,89*106 =0.87 *415* AST (120 -0.42*0.48*120)
ASt=950.81 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia bars @110c/c spaced in 0.90 m width
Check for shear:
Maximum shear Stress (factored) =13.125*0.90*4.72/2 =27.87KN
Nominal shear Stress c= Vu/B*d
=27.87* 103/900* 120 =0.25N/mm2
% reinforcement=ASt/*100bd
=1017.36* 100/900*120
= 0.942%
Shear Strength of M20 concrete for 0.96% Steel
c=0.606 N/mm2
=1.25 for 175 mm thick slab
Shear Strength of slab c=k*c =0.606 *1.25 =0.75 N/mm2 >0.24 N/mm2 (ok)
Temperature reinforcement
Provide 0.12% Steel
ASt = 0.12*170*1000/100 =204mm2/m
Provide 8 mm dia bar
Spacing= (* d2/4) * 1000/ ASt=246mm
Therefore provide 8 mm dia bars @ 225 c/c as temperature reinforcement
Design of landing slab B:
Span =4m
Width =1.80m
factored load per m2 =13.125 KN/m2
Total load = 13.125*1.80*4.0 =94.50 KN
Effective span =c/c of wall or (clear span oflanding +eff. Depth of slab)
(whichever is less)
v = Vu/B*d
REFERENCES
Code of practice for design loads for building and Structure: IS 875-1987 BUREAU OF
INDIAN STANDARD.
Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete: IS 456-1987, BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARD.
Treasure of R.C.C design: Tushil kumar, Standard Book Hiuse, PoSt box -1074.
Design of reinforced concrete design: S.Ramamurtham , Dhanpat Rai & A.K Jain,
Pankaj Agarwal,
Reinforced concrete design: S.N Sinha, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.