Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Resumo
O artigo analisa como o reserve based lending (financiamento lastreado em reservas de petrleo) pode ser adaptado
para servir de fonte de capital para companhias de petrleo atuando no Brasil. Um dos maiores desafios para os players
da indstria do petrleo brasileira ser obter fontes de capital para suas atividades. Entre as diversas fontes de capital
possveis (relacionadas tanto a equity quanto a dvida), o financiamento lastreado em reservas apresenta grande
potencial para suprir companhias de petrleo com reservas provadas. Este mecanismo usado frequentemente nos
Estados Unidos, alm de outros pases produtores de petrleo. Contudo, preciso reconhecer as diferenas entre os
sistemas legais americano e brasileiro, para que estruturas inspiradas nessa modalidade de financiamento possam ser
eficaz e apropriadamente utilizadas no Brasil. Dessa forma, estudo comparativo ser usado para sugerir melhorias na
regulao brasileira sobre a matria.
Abstract
The article examines how the reserve based lending (financing backed by oil reserves) can be adapted to serve as a
source of capital for oil companies operating in Brazil. One of the biggest challenges for players in the Brazilian oil
industry will be to obtain sources of capital for their activities. Among the various possible sources of capital (both as
equity or as debt), reserve based lending has great potential to supply oil companies with proven reserves. This
mechanism is often used in the United States and other oil-producing countries. However, we must identify the
differences between the American and the Brazilian legal systems, so that structures based on this type of financing can
be used effectively and appropriately in Brazil. Thus, a comparative study will be used to suggest improvements in the
Brazilian regulation on the matter.
______________________________
1
Mestre em Direito Comercial Internacional (LL.M.) pela Notre Dame University, Inglaterra. Scio fundador do
escritrio Souza, Cescon, Barrieu & Flesch Advogados.
2
Especialista em Direito do Petrleo pelo Programa de Formao de Recursos Humanos da ANP/MCT. Mestre em
Direito (LL.M.) pela University of Chicago, Mestre em Direito Internacional, com distino e louvor (UERJ). Scio do
escritrio Souza, Cescon, Barrieu & Flesch Advogados.
Em sentido similar, PRICE, Kevin. Reserve-based lending markets: from projects to borrowing bases. In: Oil & Gas Financial Journal, vol. 3,
issue 8. Agosto de 2006.
2
United Nations. Trade Finance Infrastructure Development Handbook for Economies in Transition. United Nations, 2005, pp.45-46.
3
Conforme detalhado por Jack Levin: The [Private Equity/Venture Capital] investor normally does not intend to maintain long-term control over
the portfolio company or to build a career running the portfolio company. Rather the PE/VC investor generally evaluates alternative exit strategies
when making the initial investment in the portfolio company. Often the original investment documents contain the terms or at least the outline of
the PE/VC investors anticipated exit strategy. Hence, PE/VC investing is significantly different from acquiring a company with the intent of
managing it for the indefinite future and profiting indefinitely from the operating cash flow produced by the business. (LEVIN, Jack S. Structuring
Venture Capital, Private Equity, and Entrepreneurial Transactions. Aspen Publishers, EUA, 2008, Captulo 1, p.4.)
4
YESCOMBE, E. R. Principles of Project Finance. San Diego (Cal., EUA): Academic Press, 2002, pp.14-17.
5
No Brasil, a classificao de reservas feita por meio da Portaria 9 da ANP, de 21 de janeiro de 2000.
Origem da Regra
Definio
Regulation S-X, Proved Reserves (Reservas Provadas) estimated quantities of crude oil,
Reg. 210.4-10
natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data
demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, i.e.,
prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made.
Reservas provveis e possveis so aquelas com menor grau de
probabilidade que as provadas de serem recuperadas.
Reservas provadas so subdivididas em developed (desenvolvidas) e
undeveloped (no desenvolvidas), definidas, em sntese, como:
Developed reserves expected to be recovered through exiting wells with
existing equipment and operating methods.
Undeveloped reserves expected to be recovered from new wells on
undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major
expenditure is required for recompletion.
Canad
NI 51-101 e
COGE Handbook
Origem da Regra
Statement of
Recommend
Practice (SORP)
Accounting for Oil
and Gas
Exploration,
Development,
Production and
Decommissioning
Activities
Definio
Este documento um padro contbil permite que as companhias
escolham classificar suas reservas de uma entre duas formas: (a) Proven
developed and undeveloped e (b) Proven and Probable.
No caso de escolha do padro de divulgao provadas e provveis,
definido que There should be a 50% statistical probability that the actual
quantity of recoverable reserves will be more than the amount estimated as
proven and probable and a 50% statistical probability that it will be less. The
equivalent statistical probabilities for the proven component of proven and
probable reserves are 90% and 10% respectively. Ou seja, deve haver ao
menos 50% de chances de produo commercial para que as reservas
possam ser classificadas como provveis e 90% de chances de produo
commercial para que possam ser classificadas como provadas. A anlise
deve levar em conta (i) a reasonable assessment of the future economics of
such production; (ii) a reasonable expectation that there is a market for all or
substantially all the expected hydrocarbon production; and (iii) evidence that
the necessary production, transmission and transportation facilities are
available or can be made available.
No caso de escolha do padro de divulgao de reservas provadas
desenvolvidas e no-desenvolvidas, as reservas correspondero s estimated
quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological
and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable
in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating
conditions, that is, prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made.
Adicionalmente, as reservas provadas podem ser sub-divididas em
desenvolvidas ou no-desenvolvidas, definidas da seguinte forma: (i)
Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to
be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating
methods. Additional oil and gas expected to be obtained through the
application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for
supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery
should generally be included as proved developed reserves only after testing
by a pilot project or after the operation of an installed programme has
confirmed though production response that increased recovery will be
achieved. (ii) All other proved reserves which do not meet this definition are
proven undeveloped.
Origem da Regra
Definio
Portaria ANP 9, de Reservas Provadas reservas de petrleo e gs natural que, com base na
21/01/2000
anlise de dados geolgicos e de engenharia, se estima recuperar
comercialmente de reservatrios descobertos e avaliados, com elevado grau
de certeza, e cuja estimativa considere as condies econmicas vigentes, os
mtodos operacionais usualmente viveis e os regulamentos institudos pela
legislaes petrolfera e tributria brasileiras. Do ponto de vista
probabilstico, implica em chance de 90% de que os volumes a serem
recuperados sero iguais ou maiores do que as estimativas.
Reservas Provveis reservas de petrleo e gs natural cuja anlise dos
dados geolgicos e de engenharia indica uma maior incerteza na sua
recuperao quando comparada com a estimativa de reservas provadas. Do
ponto de vista probabilstico, implica em chance de 50% de que os volumes
a serem recuperados sero iguais ou maiores do que as estimativas.
Reservas Possveis reservas de petrleo e gs natural cuja anlise dos
dados geolgicos e de engenharia indica uma maior incerteza na sua
recuperao quando comparada com a estimativa de reservas provveis. Do
ponto de vista probabilstico, implica em chance de 10% de que os volumes
a serem recuperados sero iguais ou maiores do que as estimativas.
Dependendo do estgio em que se encontra a explotao de um campo
petrolfero, as reservas podem ainda ser classificadas em:
Reservas Desenvolvidas reservas de petrleo e gs natural que podem ser
recuperadas atravs de poos existentes e quando todos os equipamentos
necessrios produo j se encontram instalados. As reservas
desenvolvidas podem ser classificadas em: (i) Reservas Desenvolvidas em
Produo reservas de petrleo e gs natural que podem ser recuperadas de
intervalos completados e em produo na data da estimativa; e (ii)
Desenvolvidas a Produzir reservas de petrleo e gs natural que podem
vir a ser recuperadas de intervalos completados porm fechados ou de poos
fechados na data da estimativa.
Reservas No Desenvolvidas reservas de petrleo e gs natural que
podem vir a ser recuperadas atravs de novos poos em reas no
perfuradas, re-entrada ou recompletao de poos existentes, ou que
dependam da instalao de equipamentos de produo e transporte previstos
nos projetos de recuperao convencional ou melhorada.
Agncia Nacional do Petrleo, SEP Penhor de Direitos Emergentes, disponvel em www.anp.gov.br > Catlogo de E&P > Outras Informaes >
Cesso de Direitos.
5. Referncias
BALERONI, Rafael Baptista e SOUZA, Luis Antonio Semeghini. Financiamento Lastreado em Reservas (Reserve
Based Lending). In: CANTIDIANO, Luiz Leonardo e MUNIZ, Igor (org). Temas de Direito Bancrio e do Mercado
de Capitais. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2014, pp. 321-361.
CAMPBELL, Rhett. Loan Workout and Collateral Liquidation in Texas. In: Workouts, Valuation and Liquidation of Oil
and Gas Collateral. Lorman: Houston, 2001
______________. A Survey of Oil and Gas Bankruptcy Issues. Texas Journal of Oil, Gas and Energy Law, vol. 5, n. 2,
pp.265-322.
CROSS, Terry e BARNES, Jason. Oil and Gas Liens & Foreclosures A Multi State Perspective. Oklahoma Law
Review, vol. 51, pp.175-228.
DALMEIDA, Albino Lopes. Project Finance de Marlim. In: Rio Oil & Gas Expo and Conference 2004, Rio de Janeiro.
Anais... Rio de Janeiro: IBP, 2004.
HARRELL, Alvin e ANDERSON, Owen. Report of the ABA UCC Committee Task Force on Oil and Gas Finance.
Texas Tech Law Review, vol. 25, pp.805-832.
LEVIN, Jack S. Structuring Venture Capital, Private Equity, and Entrepreneurial Transactions. Aspen Publishers,
EUA, 2008.
LOWE, John. Oil and Gas Law in a Nutshell. 3a. ed. West, St. Paul (EUA), 1995
MUOZ, Jeffrey. Exotic and Alternative Financing Structures where is the Market going? In: Proceedings of the
Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute, 2006.
______________. Financing of Oil and Gas Transactions. Texas Journal of Oil, Gas & Energy Law, Spring 2009, v. 4,
pp.223-265.
PROSPECTO DE DISTRIBUIO PBLICA DE NOTAS PROMISSRIAS DA COMPANHIA PETROLFERA
MARLIM: Emisso de 500 Notas Promissrias Nominativas, Srie nica, com valor nominal unitrio de R$
500.000,00, perfazendo o montante de R$ 250.000.000,00. Dezembro de 1998.
UNITED NATIONS. Trade Finance Infrastructure Development Handbook for Economies in Transition. United
Nations, 2005.
YESCOMBE, E. R. Principles of Project Finance. San Diego (Cal., EUA): Academic Press, 2002.
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