Isdn Troubleshooting

209
0913_04F9_c2
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN
Session 209
209
0913_04F9_c2
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Presentation_ID.scr
What You Should Know
BRI
T1 and E1 PRI
ISDN Protocol Architecture
209
0913_04F9_c2
Basic Rate Access (BRI)

2B + D
SO Interface
B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
T1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

T1 PRI or S1 Interface
Used in North America and Japan
23 B + D
B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
209
0913_04F9_c2
E1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

E1 PRI or S2 Interface
Used in Europe
30 B + D
B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
Network
Physical
LAPDQ.921
I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)
Physical
209
0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel
Network
IP,
Data Link
B-Channel
There are only two possible problems

with IDSN:
The first problem occurs when you try

to install it.
The second problem occurs when you
receive the first invoice.
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
Be systematic
Go step by step
Always troubleshoot both ends
of the connection
209
0913_04F9_c2
Troubleshooting Menu
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/Chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
10
Ping Remote ISDN Int
ping 1.1.1.1
Ping remote int

Ping remote net
Tune cost
ping 1.1.1.2
1.1.1.1
Troubleshooting
ISDN
1.1.1.2
Do not bother to look at routing or cost

issues if that doesnt work
209
0913_04F9_c2
11
Debug Dialer
Router# debug dialer events
Dialing cause: BRIO: ip
(s=172.16.1.111 d172.16.2.22)
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Ping
Debug
remote
dialer
net
Tune
Sh isdn
coststat
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Router# debug dialer packets

BRIO: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes,
interesting (ip PERMIT)
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
12
SH ISDN Status
Router#sh isdn status
Troubleshooting
ISDN BRIO interface
Layer 1 Status : DEACTIVATED

Layer 2 NOT Activated
Layer 3 Status : No Active
Layer 3 Call(s)
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug
LayerPPP
1
PingLayer
remote
2 net
TuneLayer
cost 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0

209
0913_04F9_c2
13
TDM Multiplexing
Creates B1, B2 and D
channels
48 bit physical frame,
4000 frames/s,
192 kbits/s
2 x 8 B1 bits,
2 x 8 B2 bits, 4 x 1 D bit
1
2 3
2 3
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB
11 111 1 11
209
0913_04F9_c2
4 5
Troubleshooting
6 7
F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B
A
22 2 22 2 22
1 11 1 11 11
Frame from NT to TE
B B BB BBB B
2 2 22 22 22
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B
1 11 1 111 1
F
A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B
2 22 2 22 2 2
1 1 11 111 1
Frame from TE to NT
Presentation_ID.scr
BB BBB B BB
22 22 22 22
14
Synchronization
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
1st Line
Code
Violation
2 3
4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB BBB B B B
11 111 1 1 1
2 3 4
7 8
F N BB B BB B BB
B BB B B B B B
A
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D 1 11 1 1 1 1 1
Frame from NT to TE
B B BB B BBB
2 2 22 2 222
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B B B B B BB B
111 1 1 11 1
209
0913_04F9_c2
2nd Line
Code
Violation
F
A
B BB B BB B B D B B BB BBB B
2 22 2 22 2 2
1 1 11 11 11
Frame from TE to NT
BB B BBB BB
22 2 222 22
15
Activation ( A Bit )
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
A = 0 , Deactivated
A = 1 , Activated
1
2 3
209
0913_04F9_c2
4 5
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB
11 111 1 11
2 3
6 7
D A F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B
A
22 2 22 2 22
1 11 1 11 11
Frame from NT to TE
B B BB BBB B
2 2 22 22 22
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B
1 11 1 111 1
F
A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B
2 22 2 22 2 2
1 1 11 111 1
Frame from TE to NT
Presentation_ID.scr
BB BBB B BB
22 22 22 22
16
Activation Procedure: INFO 0

TE
1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal
No Signal
209
0913_04F9_c2
17

TE
NT
No Signal
No Signal
2 INFO 1TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
18

TE
NT
No Signal
No Signal
3 INFO 2Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
209
0913_04F9_c2
19

TE
NT
No Signal
No Signal
A=0
4 INFO 3TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
20
10

TE
NT
No Signal
No Signal
A=0
4 INFO 3TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
F
5INFO 4NT Synchronizes and Sends Frames with A-bit = 1
209
0913_04F9_c2
A=1
21
Debug BRI: Activation

23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 1B
23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 20
23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 3
SID interrupt. status reg = C
23:57:24: BRI: Received activation indication
23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E
23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
22
11
Debug BRI: T3 Timer Expires

BRI: Starting Power Up timer for unit = 2
BRI: write_sid: wrote 3 for subunit 2, slot 1
BRI: Starting T3 timer after expiry of Power Up timeout
for unit = 2, current state is F4
()
BRI: T3 timer expired for unit = 2, current state is F2
BRI: Forced interrupt for subunit 2, slot 1 is F
BRI: write_sid: wrote FF for subunit 2, slot 1
BRI: Deactivation for unit = 2, current state is F2
209
0913_04F9_c2
23
SH CONT BRI 0
Router#sh cont bri
BRIO unit 0
D Chan Info :
Layer 1 is Activated
Idb 0x9F6E8, ds 0xA56F8, reset_mask 0x8
buffer size 1524
RX ring with 2 entries at 0x2101600 : Rxhead 0
00 pak=0x0AB0A4 ds=0x40CE70 status=D000
pak_size=0
()
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
24
12
PRI : SH CONT: No Alarms

sh cont t1
T1 2/0 is up
Description: Primary Rate Interface to DMS-100
No alarms detected
Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS,
Clock Source is Line
Data in current interval (165 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations
0 Slip Secs, 1 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs,
0 Degraded Mins
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs,
0 Severely Err Secs, 12 Unavail Secs
209
0913_04F9_c2
25
PRI: SH CONT: Alarms

sh cont t1
T1 2/1 is down
Transmitter is sending remote alarm
Receiver has loss of signal
Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS,
Clock Source is Line
Data in current interval (160 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs,
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs,
0 Severely Err Secs, 160
Unavail Secs
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
26
13
SH ISDN Status
Router#sh isdn stat
Troubleshooting
The current ISDN Switchtype

= basic-net3
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
ISDN BRI0 interface

Layer 1 Status: Activated
Layer 2 Status: NOT Activated
Layer 3 Status: No Active Call(s)
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0

209
0913_04F9_c2
27
Network
Physical
LAPDQ.921
I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)
Presentation_ID.scr
Physical
209
0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel
Network
IP,
Data Link
B-Channel
28
14
The Data Link Layer

The ISDN network does not impose the use of any data
link layer protocol for the B channels
On the D channel the use of Q.921 or LAPD is defined
LAPD: Link Access Procedure on the D channel
Specified in CCITT I.441 and Q.921
Q.921 protocol is used between the TE and the local ISDN
switch (not end-to-end)
Q.921LAPD
TE
209
0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET
29
TEI Assignment
TE sends ID REQ, switch answers with ID ASSN
AI = 127 asks for any TEI
AI = 64 means TEI 64 is assigned
Reference Indicator (RI) is a random number
RI must match in request and response
ID Request (AI = 127 , RI = 23)
TE
ET
ID Assigned (AI = 64 , RI = 23)
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
30
15
Debug ISDN Q921: TEI Assigned
TEI 64 gets assigned by the switch

2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127
2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64
209
0913_04F9_c2
31
Debug ISDN Q921: No TEI

IDREQ gets retransmitted
Timer T202 (default 2 seconds)
Every IDREQ has a different RI
2424.920 TX -> IDREQ ri = 63529 ai = 127
2426.924 TX -> IDREQ ri = 31418 ai = 127
2428.928 TX -> IDREQ ri = 9819 ai = 127
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
32
16
Connection Establishment
The TE or the switch send an SABME
to establish the data link connection
SABME needs to be acknowledged
by a UA
SABME (SAPI=0 , TEI=64)
TE
ET
UA (SAPI=0 , TEI=64)
209
0913_04F9_c2
33
Debug ISDN Q921: Connection

You need a TEI before you can send an
SABME
SAPI=0 means this data link will be used
for signalling
2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127
2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64
2656.652 TX -> SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64
2656.676 RX <- UAf sapi = 0 tei = 64
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
34
17
Information Transfer
Once the data link connection is
established, INFO frames can be
exchanged
INFO frames get acknowledged by other
INFO frames or by RR frames
INFO (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(S)=0 , N(R)=0)
TE
ET
INFO (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(S)=0 , N(R)=1)
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=1)

209
0913_04F9_c2
35
Debug ISDN Q921: Info

2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127
2656.648 RX <- IDASSN ri = 14613 ai = 64
2656.652 TX -> SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64
2656.676 RX <- UAf sapi = 0 tei = 64
2658.360 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 0 nr = 0
2658.368 TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 1
2658.372 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 0 nr = 1
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
36
18
Data Link Monitor

If no INFO frames are exchanged, the
status of the data link can be
checked by the periodic exchange of
RR frames
This procedure is optional
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=3)
TE
ET
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=7)

209
0913_04F9_c2
37
Debug ISDN Q921: RR

180484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5
180488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
190484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5

190488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
200484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5

200488 TX -> RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
210484 RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 5

210484 TX -> RRf
209
0913_04F9_c2
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
Presentation_ID.scr
38
19
SH ISDN Status
Layer 1 Status:
Troubleshooting
ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
TEI = 0, State =
MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Layer 3 Status:
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)

Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0
209
0913_04F9_c2
39
Network
Physical
LAPDQ.921
I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)
Presentation_ID.scr
Physical
209
0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel
Network
IP,
Data Link
B-Channel
40
20
The Network Layer

The ISDN network does not impose the use of any
network link layer protocol for the B channels
On the D channel the use of Q.931 is defined
Q.931 protocol is used between the TE and the local
ISDN switch (not end-to-end!)
Inside the ISDN network SS#7 ISUP is used
Q.931
TE
209
0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET
41
ISDN Switch Type

Q.931 comes in many local flavours
Use the ISDN switch-type command to specify
the correct version of the protocol
basic-1tr6
basic-5ess
basic-dms100
basic-net3
basic-ni1
basic-nwnet3
basic-nznet3
basic-ts013
209
0913_04F9_c2
- ntt
- primary-4ess
- primary-5ess
- primary-dms100
- primary-net5
- vn2
- vn3
Presentation_ID.scr
42
21
Call Set Up
En-bloc sending: the initial set-up message
contains all necessary addressing
information
TE
Setup
ET
ET
Set-up
TE
Call Proceeding
Connect
Connect
Connect ACK
209
0913_04F9_c2
43
Debug ISDN Q931: Outgoing Call

248236 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 6 nr = 6
SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x02
Bearer Capability i = 0x8890
Channel ID i = 0x83
Called Party Number i = 0x80, '372756'
248392 RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 6 nr = 7
CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x82
Channel ID i = 0x89
CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x82
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
44
22
Debug ISDN Q93: Incoming Call

251076 RX <- UI sapi = 0 tei = 127
SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x45
Channel ID i = 0x8A
Calling Party Number i = 0x0083, '372500'
Calling Party SubAddr i = 0x80, 'P2902'
Called Party Number i = 0x
251564 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 8 nr = 8
CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0xC5
CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x45
209
0913_04F9_c2
45
SPIDS
Service Profile Identifier
Used to bind a specific terminal to a
specific service profile (only on BRI)
SPIDS are assigned by the service
provider
SPID is 10 digit telephone number + extra
digits
DMS-100 and NI-1 require SPIDS
Do not use SPIDS unless you have to
SPIDS are only used in North America
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
46
23
SPIDS: Configuration
Isdn spid1 spid-number (ldn)
Isdn spid2 spid-number (ldn)
Spid-number:
Assigned by service provider
Usually ten digit telephone number + some extra
digits
ldn: local directory number

Optional
Required to receive incoming calls on the second B
Channel
209
0913_04F9_c2
47
SPIDS: Configuration Examples

Isdn spid1 415555836201 5558362
Isdn spid2 415555837002 5558370
Spid-number:
415: area code
555: exchange
8362 and 8370: station ID
01 and 02: terminal identifier
ldn: local directory number

555: exchange
8362 and 8370: station ID
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
48
24
SPID Validation
SPIDS are validated by the switch
Handshake between TE and local ISDN
switch
Valid SPID is acknowledged with Endpoint ID
INFO (SPID = SPID1)
TE
ET
INFO(ENDPOINT IDENT)
INFO (SPID = SPID2)
INFO (ENDPOINT IDENT)
209
0913_04F9_c2
49
Debug ISDN Q931 : Valid SPIDS

11438.776 TX -> INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null)
SPID Information i = 0x363133373835323631323030
11438.872 RX <- INFORMATION pd = 8 callref = (null)
ENDPOINT IDent i = 0xF180
ENDPOINT IDent i = 0xF080
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
50
25
Invalid SPIDS
Rejected by the network
INFO (SPID = SPID1)

TE
ET
INFO (Invalid IE Contents)
INFO (SPID = SPID2)
INFO (Invalid IE Contents)
209
0913_04F9_c2
51
Debug ISDN Q931: Incorrect SPID


Cause i = 0x82E43AInvalid IE contents
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
52
26
SH ISDN Status
Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
TEI = 88, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Spid Status:
TEI 88, ces = 1, state = 6(not initialized)
spid1 configured, no LDN, spid1 sent, spid1 NOT valid

TEI Not Assigned, ces = 2, state = 1 (terminal down)
spid2 configured, no LDN, spid2 NOT sent, spid2 NOT valid

Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)
209
0913_04F9_c2
53
Call Refused
Call can be refused for various reasons
TE
Set-up
ET
Release
Complete
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
ET
Setup
TE
Release
Complete
54
27
Debug ISDN Q93: Call Refused

0:03:10: 190.680 TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x01
0:03:10:
0:03:10:
Channel ID i = 0x83
0:03:10:
0:03:10: 190.756 RX <- RELEASE_COMP

RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x81
0:03:10:
209
0913_04F9_c2
Cause i = 0x8295 - Call rejected

55
Call Clearing
Any side can clear the call
Disconnect
TE
209
0913_04F9_c2
Disconnect
ET
ET
TE
Release
Release
Release
Complete
Release
Complete
Presentation_ID.scr
56
28
Debug ISDN Q931: Call Cleared

DISCONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x81
Cause i = 0x82D8
Signal i = 0x03
312.912 TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 96 nr = 2
received HOST_DISCONNECT_ACK
312.920 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 96 ns = 2 nr = 2
RELEASE pd = 8 callref = 0x01
Cause i = 0x8090
312.948 RX <- RRr sapi = 0 tei = 96 nr = 3
RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x81
209
0913_04F9_c2
57
Show ISDN Status

Layer 1 Status:
ACTIVE
Layer 2 Status:
TEI = 0,
State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED
Layer 3 Status:
6 Active Layer 3 Call(s)
CCB:callid=8020, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=22
CCB:callid=A02D, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=21
CCB:callid=A030, sapi=0, ces=0, B-chan=19
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 6

209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
58
29
Network
Physical
LAPDQ.921
Physical
209
0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel
Network
IP,
Data Link
B-Channel
I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)
59
Point-to-Point Protocol
PPP: RFC 1548 + others
Troubleshooting
Three main components of PPP
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Multiprotocol encapsulation
Sh isdn stat
Link Control Protocol (LCP)
Debug PPP
LCP
Establishing and maintaining the
Speed 56/64
data link
Pap/chap
NCP
Option negotiation (e.g. use CHAP)
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Several Network Control Protocols (NCP)
Establishing and configuring network layer protocols
Protocol specific option negotiation (addresses, )
IPCP, IPXCP ATCP,
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
60
30
LCP Negotiation
Configure-Req proposes
certain options
If all options are acceptable,
the remote station returns
a Configure-ACK
Configure-Req
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Configure-ACK
209
0913_04F9_c2
61
LCP Negotiation
In reality all PPP negotiations are double
negotiations
Configure-Req
Configure-ACK
Configure-Req
Configure-ACK
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
62
31
Debug PPP Packet: LCP ACK
PPP BRI: B-Channel 1: I LCP

CONFREQ(1) id 2 (4)
PPP BRI: B-Channel 1: O LCP
CONFACK(2) id 2 (4)
209
0913_04F9_c2
63
Debug PPP Negotiation

ppp: sending CONFREQ, type = 3
(CI_AUTHTYPE), value = C023/0
ppp: sending CONFREQ, type = 5
(CI_MAGICNUMBER), value = 8C01B4
ppp: config ACK received, type = 3
(CI_AUTHTYPE), value = C023
ppp: config ACK received, type = 5
(CI_MAGICNUMBER), value = 8C01B4
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
64
32
SH INT BRI 0 1
BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is BRI
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
lcp state = OPEN
ncp ipcp state = REQSENT ncp osicp state =
NOT NEGOTIATED
ncp ipxcp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp xnscp state =
NOT NEGOTIATED
ncp vinescp state = NOT NEGOTIATED ncp deccp state =
NOT NEGOTIATED
ncp bridgecp state = NOT NEGOTIATED
ncp atalkcp state = NOT NEGOTIATED
Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
9099 packets input, 855915 bytes, 0 no buffer
()
209
0913_04F9_c2
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
65
64 and 56 KBit/s
Inter-switch connections may
limit the speed to 56 kbit/s
Troubleshooting
The bearer capability can specify

that the call is a 56 kbit/s call that
uses V.110 rate adaptation
If the internal signalling protocol in
the ISDN network is adapted to
ISDN (SS#7 ISUP) this 56 kbit/s
indication will carried up till the
remote subscriber
Setup(56)
TE
209
0913_04F9_c2
(56)
ET
Presentation_ID.scr
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
Setup(56)
ET
TE
66
33
64 and 56 KBit/s
The dialer map allows you to specify
the speed for the outgoing call
Dialer map ip 1.1.1.1 123456 speed 56
Default is 64 kbit/s
Setup(56)
TE
209
0913_04F9_c2
(56)
ET
Setup(56)
ET
TE
67
Call Not End-to-End ISDN

Many (international) ISDN connections do not yet use
full ISDN signalling in the network
The consequence is that the 56 kbit/s indication is
not passed to the remote switch
Set-up(56)
TE
(56)
ET
Set-up(64)
ET
Not End-to-End
ISDN
TE
The receiving side thinks a 64 kbit/s call

The only indication is that the call is not end-to-end
isdn. You can configure isdn not-end-to-end 56
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
68
34
Debug ISDN Q931

17993.584 TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x02
Troubleshooting
Channel ID i = 0x83
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
17993.820 RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8
Sh isdn stat
callref = 0x82
Debug PPP
LCP
Channel ID i = 0x89
Speed 56/64
Locking Shift to Codeset 5
Pap/chap
Codeset 5 IE 0x2A i = 0x808E0C, 'OUTSIDE CALL'
NCP
Ping remote net
17994.696 RX <- PROGRESS pd = 8 callref = 0x82
Tune cost
Progress Ind i = 0x8A81 Call not end-to-end ISDN
17996.648 RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x82
Progress Ind i = 0x8482 - Destination address is non-ISDN
209
0913_04F9_c2
69
PAP and CHAP

Authentication protocols
Troubleshooting
PAP: Password
Authentication Protocol
CHAP: Challenge
Handshake
Authentication Protocol
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
CHAP is to be preferred
over PAP
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
70
35
Configuration CHAP
hostname left
username right
password cisco
int bri 0
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
ip add 1.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
dialler map ip 1.0.0.2 name
right 12345
Router
Left
209
0913_04F9_c2
hostname right
username left
password cisco
int bri 0
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
ip add 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
dialler map ip 1.0.0.1 name
left 54321
ISDN
Router
Right
71
Debug PPP CHAP

ISDN Event: Connected to 2823680 on B1 at 64 Kb/s
BRI0: B-Channel 1: PPP AUTH CHAP input code = 1 id = 10 len = 14
BRI0: B-Channel 1: remote passed CHAP authentication
BRI0: B-Channel 1: Passed CHAP authentication with remote
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
72
36
SH DIALER
Brussels# sh dial
BRI0 - dialler type = ISDN
Dial String
Successes Failures
4085261234
Last called Last status
never
0 incoming call(s) have been screened

BRI0: B-Channel 1 - dialler type = ISDN
Rotary group 0, priority = 0
Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs)
Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs)
Time until disconnect 85 secs
Connected to 4085261234 (Dallas)
209
0913_04F9_c2
73
The Prefix Issue

Without PAP or CHAP
Router
54321
Left
1st Call (from 40854321)

2nd Call (to 54321)
54321
Router
Right
54321
Not Yet
Connected
12345
With PAP or CHAP
Router
54321
Left
Call (from 40854321)
54321
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
Router
Right
Left
Already
Connected
12345
74
37
The Prefix Issue

PAP/CHAP enables you to know which
site is connected
Without PAP or CHAP, this would be
based on the ISDN calling number
This is often problematic
Calling number may not be present
Calling number may be presented
with/without prefixes
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
The net result is that without PAP or

CHAP you would open two half-duplex
B channels (instead of one full duplex)
209
0913_04F9_c2
75
NCP
Network control protocols

Negotiate and verify network level
parameters (address)
Different NCP for the different
network protocols (IPCP,IPXCP, )
NCP Configure-req
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
NCP Configure-ACK
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
76
38
Debug PPP Negotiation

BRI0: B-Channel 1: O IPCP CONFREQ
CONFREQ id D
(10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 40
BRI0: B-Channel 1: I IPCP CONFREQ
CONFREQ id C
(10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 1
BRI0: B-Channel 1: O IPCP CONFACK
CONFACK id C
(10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 1
BRI0: B-Channel 1: I IPCP
IPCP CONFACK
CONFACK id D
(10) Type3 (6) 147 211 117 40
209
0913_04F9_c2
77
SH INT BRI 0 1
BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up,
line protocol is up
Hardware is BRI
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set,
keepalive set (10 sec)
lcp state = OPEN
ncp ipcp state = OPEN
ncp osicp state = NOT NEGOTIATED
ncp ipxcp state = REQSENT
ncp xnscp state = NOT NEGOTIATED
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
()
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
78
39
SH INT BRI 0 1
BRI0: B-Channel 1 is up, line
protocol is up
Troubleshooting
Hardware is BRI
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY
20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set,
keepalive set (10 sec)
lcp state = OPEN
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
ncp ipcp state = OPEN

()
209
0913_04F9_c2
79
Physical Data Link
IP,
PPP
Q.931
LAPDQ.921
I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)
Presentation_ID.scr
Physical
209
0913_04F9_c2
D-Channel
Network Data Link
Network
B-Channel
80
40
Ping Remote Networks

ping 2.2.2.2 from 3.3.3.3
Troubleshooting
ping 3.3.3.3 from 2.2.2.2
1.1.1.1
ISDN
Ping remote int

Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
1.1.1.2
2.2.2.2
3.3.3.3
Now that we con ping the remote ISDN

interface, we can look at routing issues
209
0913_04F9_c2
81
Static or Dynamic Routes

Static routes are most often used
Dynamic routes risk to bring up the lines
all the time
If you use dynamic routes, make sure
broadcast updates are forwarded over ISDN
Snapshot routing is best suited
dynamic solution
ip route 170.11.12.0 255.255.255.0 170.11.18.1
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
82
41
Dont Wait for the First Bill
ping 2.2.2.2 from 3.3.3.3

Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Debug PPP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
ping 3.3.3.3 from 2.2.2.2
2.2.2.2
209
0913_04F9_c2
1.1.1.1
ISDN
1.1.1.2
3.3.3.3
83
Interesting Traffic
Dialer filter triggers call if traffic is interesting
Use sh ISDN history, debug dialer, and the ISDN
mib to debug issues
int bri 0
dialer-group 1
access-list 101 deny igrp 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
access-list 101 permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
dialer-list 1 list 101
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
84
42
Show ISDN History

Router#sh isdn hist
------------------------------------------------------------ISDN CALL HISTORY
------------------------------------------------------------History Table MaxLength = 100 entries
History Retain Timer = 15 Minutes
------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Duration Remote Time until
Type Number Number Seconds Name Disconnect
------------------------------------------------------------------------Out
01234 220
Paris
Out
04567 521
LA
Out
345
Failed
In
43078
320
Orlando
In 785601
Active(57) Brussels
209
0913_04F9_c2
85
Debug Dialer
router# debug dialer events
Dialling cause: BRI0: ip
(s=172.16.1.111 d=172.16.2.22)
router# debug dialer packets

BRI0: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes,
interesting (ip PERMIT)
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
86
43
Be systematic
Go step by step
Always troubleshoot both
ends of the connection
209
0913_04F9_c2
Troubleshooting
Ping remote int
Debug dialer
Sh isdn stat
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Debug PPP
LCP
Speed 56/64
Pap/chap
NCP
Ping remote net
Tune cost
87
Please Complete Your

Evaluation Form
Session 209
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
88
44
209
0913_04F9_c2
Presentation_ID.scr
89
45

Isdn Troubleshooting

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Isdn Troubleshooting

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

209

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

What You Should Know

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Basic Rate Access (BRI)

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

T1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

E1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ISDN Protocol Architecture

I.430 (BRI)I.431 (PRI)

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

There are only two possible problems

The first problem occurs when you try

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Ping Remote ISDN Int

Ping remote int

Do not bother to look at routing or cost

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Router# debug dialer packets

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

ISDN BRIO interface

Layer 1 Status : DEACTIVATED

Ping remote int

Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Ping remote int

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Activation Procedure: INFO 0

1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Activation Procedure: INFO 1

1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Activation Procedure: INFO 2

1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal

3 INFO 2Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Activation Procedure: INFO 3

1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal

3 INFO 2Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0

4 INFO 3TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Activation Procedure: INFO 4

1 INFO 0Not Active: No Signal

3 INFO 2Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0

4 INFO 3TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Debug BRI: Activation

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Debug BRI: T3 Timer Expires

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

PRI : SH CONT: No Alarms

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

PRI: SH CONT: Alarms

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

The current ISDN Switchtype