Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Set - 1
General Aptitude :
Q.1 to Q.5 carry one mark each
Q.1
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
Before superlative article the has to be used. one of the expression should take plural noun and so
option C and D cant be the answer.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.2
The policeman asked the victim of a theft, What did you ____________ ?
(A) loose
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
lose is verb.
(B) lose
(C) loss
(D) louse
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
effectiveness is noun and pre scribed is verb. These words are apt and befitting with the word
medicine.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.4
In a huge pile of apples and oranges, both ripe and unripe mixed together, 15% are unripe fruits. Of the
unripe fruits, 45% are apples. Of the ripe ones, 66% are oranges. If the pile contains a total of 5692000
fruits, how many of them are apples?
(A) 2029198
(B) 2467482
(C) 2789080
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
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(D) 3577422
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2
Total fruits
(5692000)
Ripe (85%)
(45%)
apples
Q.5
Ans.
Sol.
(55%)
oranges
Unripe (15%)
(66%)
oranges
(34%)
apples
Arun
5 km
Susan
Michael
7 km
Arun can reside anywhere between Ahmed and Susan i.e. between 5 km and 7 km from I.
5 < 6.02 < 7
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.6 to Q.10 carry two marks each
Q.6
Ans.
Sol.
A person moving through a tuberculosis prone zone has a 50% probability of becoming infected. However,
only 30% of infected people develop the disease. What percentage of people moving through a
tuberculosis prone zone remains infected but does not show symptoms of disease?
(A) 15
(B) 33
(C) 35
(D) 37
(C)
According to the question, following information can is obtained.
Tuberculosic
Afected
50%
Infected
50%
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Does not
Develop the disease
70% of 50%
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Hence, percentage of people moving through a tuberculosis prone zone remains infected but does not
70 50
35
show symptoms of disease is
35%
100 100 100
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.7
In a world filled with uncertainty, he was glad to have many good friends. He had always assisted them
in times of need and was confident that they would reciprocate. However, the events of the last week
proved him wrong.
Which of the following inference(s) is/are logically valid and can be inferred from the above passage?
(i) His friends were always asking him to help them.
(ii) He felt that when in need of help, his friends would let him down.
(iii) He was sure that his friends would help him when in need.
(iv) His friends did not help him last week.
(A) (i) and (ii)
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
The words was confident that they would reciprocate and las t week proved him wrong lead to
statements iii and iv as logically valid inferences.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.8
Leela is older than her cousin Pavithra. Pavithra's brother Shiva is older than Leela. When Pavithra and
Shiva are visiting Leela, all three like to play chess. Pavithra wins more often than Leela does.
Which one of the following statements must be TRUE based on the above?
(A) When Shiva plays chess with Leela and Pavithra, he often loses.
(B) Leela is the oldest of the three.
(C) Shiva is a better chess player than Pavithra.
(D) Pavithra is the youngest of the three
Ans.
(D)
Sol.
Q.9
If q a
1
1
1
and r b and s c , the value of abc is __________.
q
r
s
(A) (rqs ) 1
Ans.
(C)
Sol.
Given :
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) r q s
q a r , r b s, s c q
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log r
log s
log q
, b
, c
log q
log r
log s
Hence,
So,
abc
1
log q log r log s
126
1 126
So required ratio :
120 :126
5 600
20 : 21
Hence, the correct option is (C).
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Technical Part
Q.1 to Q.25 carry one mark each
Q.1
Let M 4 I , (where I denotes the identity matrix) and M I , M 2 I and M 3 I . Then, for any natural
number k , M 1 equals :
(A) M 4 k 1
(B) M 4 k 2
Ans.
(C)
Sol.
Given :
M4 I
Hence
M 4k I
Or
M 4( k 1) I
(C) M 4 k 3
(D) M 4k
Q.2
The second moment of a Poisson-distributed random variable is 2. The mean of the random variable
is_____________.
Ans.
Sol.
2 2
2 2 0
( 2) ( 1) 0
1, 2
Since cannot be negative.
Hence, the correct answer is 1.
Q.3
Given the following statements about a function f : R R , select the right option :
P : If f ( x) is continuous at x x0 , then it is also differentiable at x x0 .
Q : If f ( x) is continuous at x x0 , then it may not be differentiable at x x0 .
R : If f ( x) is differentiable at x x0 , then it is also continuous at x x0 .
(A) P is true, Q is false, R is false
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
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Example 1 :
y= x
x
x=0
Q.4
Ans.
Q.5
(A) The solutions have neither maxima nor minima anywhere except at the boundaries.
(B) The solutions are not separable in the coordinates.
(C) The solutions are not continuous.
(D) The solutions are not dependent on the boundary conditions.
(A)
Consider the plot of f ( x) versus x as shown below.
f ( x)
+2
-5
+5
-2
x
Suppose F ( x)
F ( x)
(A)
F ( x)
-5
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+5
(B)
-5
+5
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F ( x)
F ( x)
(C)
-5
+5
Ans.
(C)
Sol.
Given :
(D)
-5
+5
F ( x)
f ( y ) dy
when x 0
when x 0
Note : You can easily get the correct answer by elimination method. Option (A), (B) and (D) can be easily
eliminated because line passing through the origin is a straight line. [Integration of straight line results in
a parabola].
Q.6
Which one of the following is an Eigen function of the class of all continuous-time, linear, time-invariant
systems (u(t) denotes the unit-step function)?
(A) e j0t u (t )
(B) cos(0t )
(C) e j0t
(D) sin(0t )
Ans.
Sol.
(C)
If the input to the system is Eigen signal then output is also the Eigen signal.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
A continuous-time function x(t) is periodic with period T. The function is sampled uniformly with a
sampling period Ts . In which one of the following cases is the sampled signal periodic?
Q.7
(A) T 2 Ts
(B) T 1.2 Ts
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
(C) Always
(D) Never
T
is a rational number.
Ts
p
, then it is called a rational
q
T
6
1.2
Ts
5
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(A) z a
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
Given :
(B) z b
(C) z a
(D) a z b
x n a nu n b nu n
0 a b 1
z-plane
Q.9
Ans.
Sol.
A B
Consider a two-port network with the transmission matrix : T
. If the network is reciprocal,
C D
then
(A) T 1 T
(C) Determinant (T) = 0
(D)
A B
Given :
T
C D
For reciprocal network
A B
1
C D
(B) T 2 T
(D) Determinant (T) = 1
AD BC 1
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Q.10 A continuous-time sinusoid of frequency 33 Hz is multiplied with a periodic Dirac impulse train of
frequency 46 Hz. The resulting signal is passed through an ideal analog low-pass filter with a cutoff
frequency of 23 Hz. The fundamental frequency (in Hz) of the output is _________.
Ans. 13
Sol. Given :
f m 33 Hz, f s 46 Hz
y (t ) x(t ) (t nTs )
n
Y ( f ) fs
X ( f nf )
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9
X(f )
33 Hz
33 Hz
Y( f )
79 Hz
33 Hz
13 Hz 0
13 Hz
23 Hz
33 Hz
79 Hz
23 Hz
0.01 eV
ES
Valence Band
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Ans.
Sol.
(A)
Given diagram :
Conduction Band
EC
New Energy Level
Valence Band
0.01 eV
ES
Energy level created just below the conduction energy level is called donor energy level, which is created
when a pentavalent impurity is introduced in an intrinsic semiconductor.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Copyright
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Q.12 Consider the following statements for a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) :
P : As channel length reduces, OFF-state current increases.
Q : As channel length reduces, output resistance increases.
R : As channel length reduces, threshold voltage remains constant.
S : As channel length reduces, ON current increases.
Which of the above statements are INCORRECT?
(A) P and Q
(B) P and S
(C) Q and R
(D) R and S
Ans. (C)
Sol. When channel length reduces then output resistance also reduces and threshold voltage will change.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.13 Consider the constant current source shown in the figure below. Let represent the current gain of the
transistor.
+ VCC
R2
R1
R1
Ans.
Sol.
1 Vref
(A) I 0
R
(B)
Vref
(B) I 0
1 R
1 Vref
(C) I 0
2R
Vref
(D) I 0
1 2R
+ VCC
IC
R
Vref
VB
VB
R2
VA
R1
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R1
I0 = I E
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VA VCC Vref
and
VA VB
IC
R
R
R
I0 I E
I C Vref
1 R
Q.14 The following signal Vi of peak voltage 8 V is applied to the non-inverting terminal of an ideal op-amp.
The transistor has VBE 0.7 V, 100, VLED 1.5 V, VCC 10 V and VCC 10 V .
10 V
10 V
100 W
8 kW
2 kW
+ VCC
15 kW
Vi
- VCC
Vi
6V
4V
2V
t
2V
4V
6V
Ans.
Sol.
10 V
100 W
8 kW
+ VCC
VB
BJT
2 kW
15 kW
Vi
- VCC
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2V
t
1nF
158 kW
158 kW
+ VCC
- VCC
22.1kW
D1
100 kW
D2
Ans.
Sol.
(A) introduce amplitude stabilization by preventing the op amp from saturating and thus producing
sinusoidal oscillations of fixed amplitude.
(B) introduce amplitude stabilization by forcing the op-amp to swing between positive and negative
saturation and thus producing square wave oscillations of fixed amplitude.
(C) introduce frequency stabilization by forcing the circuit to oscillate at a single frequency.
(D) enable the loop gain to take on a value that produces square wave oscillations.
(A)
Given circuit is a Wein-bridge oscillator, which produce sinusoidal signal.
The amplitude of output wave is decided by feedback through inverting input terminal of Op-Amp.
Hence, the correct option is (A).
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Q.16 The block diagram of a frequency synthesizer consisting of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and a divide-byN counter (comprising 2 , 4, 8, 16 outputs) is sketched below. The synthesizer is excited with a 5
kHz signal (Input 1). The free-running frequency of the PLL is set to 20 kHz. Assume that the commutator
switch makes contacts repeatedly in the order 1-2-3-4.
+ VCC
Input 1
Low Pass
Filter
Phase
Detector
Amplifier
VCO
1
10
- VCC
Synthesizer
output
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
Phase
detector
Input
Amplifier
& filter
Divide by
N counter
VCO
Output
(N fin)
fin
Divide by N counter
5 kHz
10 kHz
5 kHz
20 kHz
5 kHz
40 kHz
5 kHz
80 kHz
16
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Ans.
Sol.
(A) A + B + C
(C)
Given logic circuit
(B) A (B + C)
(C) B (C + A)
(D) C (A + B)
Y (A B C) AB ABC (A B) BC ABC BC
Y ABC BC ABC BC
Y (A B C) BC ABC (B C) ABC BC ABC
Y BC(A 1) ABC BC ABC
Y B(C AC) B(C A)
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.18 What is the voltage Vout in the following circuit?
VDD
10 kW
Vout
(A) 0 V
(D) VDD
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Ans.
Sol.
(C)
VDD
0A
10 kW
Vout
0A
Drop across
10 kW = 0 Volt
VDS
0A
ID
VDD - Vout
Vout
ID
Vout
Vout
VDG (NMOS) 0 V
VDG (PMOS) 0 V
VDD
Switching threshold of inverter.
2
Q.19 Match the inferences X, Y, and Z, about a system, to the corresponding properties of the elements of first
column in Rouths Table of the system characteristic equation.
X : The system is stable
P : when all elements are positive
Y : The system is unstable
Q : when any one element is zero
Z : The test breaks down
R : when there is a change in sign of coefficients
(A) X P, Y Q, Z R
(B) X Q, Y P, Z R
(C) X R, Y Q, Z P
(D) X P, Y R, Z Q
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Vout
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(D)
When all elements are positive then number of sign change in 1st row is zero. Hence number of poles
which lies on right side is zero and system is stable (X P).
When any one element is zero then test breaks down (Z Q).
Q.20 A closed-loop control system is stable if the Nyquist plot of the corresponding open-loop transfer function
(A) encircles the s-plane point (1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number
of right-half s-plane poles.
(B) encircles the s-plane point (0 j1) in the clockwise direction as many times as the number of righthalf s-plane poles.
(C) encircles the s-plane point (1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number
of left-half s-plane poles.
(D) encircles the s-plane point (1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number
of right-half s-plane zeros.
Ans.
Sol.
(A)
We know that,
N PZ
Where
For stability,
Z 0
NP
Q.21 Consider binary data transmission at a rate of 56 kbps using baseband binary pulse amplitude modulation
(PAM) that is designed to have a raised-cosine spectrum. The transmission bandwidth (in kHz) required
for a roll-off factor of 0.25 is ________.
Ans.
35
Sol.
Rb
56
( 1) (1.25) 35 kHz
2
2
Q.22 A superheterodyne receiver operates in the frequency range of 58 MHz 68 MHz. The intermediate
frequency f IF and local oscillator frequency f LO are chosen such that f IF f LO . It is required that the
image frequencies fall outside the 58 MHz 68 MHz band. The minimum required f IF (in MHz) is ____.
Ans.
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Sol.
Given :
f s 58 MHz 68 MHz
f smin 58 MHz
f si f s 2 IF 68 MHz
58 MHz 2 IF 68 MHz
( IF ) min 5 MHz
Hence, the correct answer is 5.
Q.23 The amplitude of a sinusoidal carrier is modulated by a single sinusoid to obtain the amplitude modulated
signal s (t ) 5cos1600t 20 cos1800t 5cos 2000t . The value of the modulation index is _________.
Ans.
0.5
Sol.
Given :
Compare with
s (t ) Ac cos 2f c t
Ac
A
cos 2( f c f m )t c cos 2( f c f m )t
2
2
Hence Ac 20 V,
Ac
5 V
2
20
5
2
0.5
Q.24 Concentric spherical shells of radii 2 m, 4 m, and 8 m carry uniform surface charge densities of 20 nC/m2,
4 nC/m2 and s respectively. The value of s (nC/m2 ) required to ensure that the electric flux density
D 0 at radius 10 m is _________.
Ans.
0.25
Sol.
Given :
r1 2 m, r2 4 m, r3 8 m
s1 20 nC/m 2 , s 2 4 nC/m 2
From Gauss Law,
D
ds Q
[Charge enclosed]
If D 0 , then Q 0
Q1 Q2 Q3 0
s1 4 r12 s 2 4 r2 2 s 3 4 r32 0
s1 4 22 s 2 4 42 s 3 4 82 0
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80 4 4 42 s 3 82 0
80 64 s 3 82 0
s3
16
0.25 nC/m 2
64
Q.25 The propagation constant of a lossy transmission line is (2 + j5) m1 and its characteristic impedance is
(50 + 0) at = 106 rad s1. The values of the line constants L, C, R, G are respectively
(A) L = 200 H/m, C = 0.1 F/m, R = 50 /m, G = 0.02 S/m
(B) L = 250 H/m, C = 0.1 F/m, R = 100 /m, G = 0.04 S/m
(C) L = 200 H/m, C = 0.2 F/m, R = 100 /m, G = 0.02 S/m
(D) L = 250 H/m, C = 0.2 F/m, R = 50 /m, G = 0.04 S/m
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
Z0
R j L
G jC
R 100 /m
and
L 250
250 250
6 250 H/m
10
and
(2 j 5)
G jC 0.04 j 0.1
Z0
50
Hence,
G 0.04 S/m
and C 0.1,
0.1 0.1
0.1 F/m
106
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19
20
Sol.
Let
1
( x y 10) dx dy , where D denotes the disc : x 2 y 2 4 , evaluate to _________.
D
2
I
1
( x y 10) dxdy
2
D
1
2
2 2
1
2
2 2
r (cos sin ) 10 r dr d
0 0
r
0 0
2
2
r3
1
10 r 2
I
(cos sin ) d
d
2 0
2 0 2 0
3 0
1
2
8
1
0 3 (cos sin ) d 2 0 5 (4) d
2
1 8
1
(sin cos )
20(2)
I
2 3
0 2
1 8
1
(0 0) (1 1)
20 (2)
2 3
2
I 20
, for n 2
x n 1 1 0 0
n
The initial conditions are x[0] = 1, x[1] = 1, and x[n] = 0 for n < 0. The value of x[12] is ______
Ans.
233
Sol.
Given :
1 1
A
1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
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A2 A I 0
A2 ( A I )
Squaring both sides
A4 ( A I ) ( A I ) A 2 2 A I
[Note : I 2 I ]
A4 ( A I ) 2 A I 3 A 2 I
[ A2 A I ]
Now,
1 1
1 0
A12 144 A 89 I 144
89
1 0
0 1
Put n = 12 in given question
x 12 1 1 1
x 11 1 0 0
12
x 12 233 144 1
x 11 144 89 0
x 12 233
Hence, the correct answer is 233.
Q.28 In the following integral, the contour C encloses the points 2j and 2j
1
sin z
dz
2 C ( z 2j )3
Ans.
( 133.87)
Sol.
Given :
1
sin z
dz
2 C ( z 2j )3
We know that,
f ( z)
( z a)
n 1
dz
2j n
f ( z)
n!
z a
1 2j
f "(2j )
2 2!
f ( z ) sin z
f '( z ) cos z
f "( z ) sin z
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1 2j
sin(2j )
2 2!
1
I sinh 2 133.87
2
Hence, the correct answer is 1.33.87.
volume of _______.
Ans.
Sol.
4.712
Given :
For cylindrical coordinates the volume is given by,
V
d d dz
V
/4
4.5
d d dz
3 /8 z 3
4.5 /4
2
2 d dz
/8
3
4.5 / 4
8 d dz 8 z
3 /8
/ 4
4.5
/8
V 8 (4.5 3) 8 1.5
8
4 8
V 4.712
Hence, the correct answer is 4.712.
Q.30 The Laplace transform of the causal periodic square wave of period T shown in the figure below is
f (t )
(A) F ( s )
Ans.
Sol.
1
1 e sT /2
T/2
(B) F ( s )
3T/2
1
s (1 e sT /2 )
2T
(C) F ( s )
1
s (1 e sT )
(D) F ( s )
1
1 e sT
(B)
Laplace transform of periodic signal is given by,
T /2
F (s)
L f (t )
1 e sT
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f (t ) e sT dt
1 e sT
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T /2
L f (t )
1 e
sT
dt
1 e sT
T /2
e sT
1
(1 e sT ) s 0
1
1
1 e sT / 2
sT /2
L f (t )
(1 e
)
s (1 e sT )
s (1 e sT /2 ) (1 e sT /2 )
1
1
L f (t )
s 1 e sT / 2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.31 A network consisting of a finite number of linear resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) elements,
connected all in series or all in parallel, is excited with a source of the form
3
a
k 1
cos(k 0t ), where ak 0, 0 0
The source has nonzero impedance. Which one of the following is a possible form of the output measured
across a resistor in the network?
3
(A)
bk cos(k 0t k ), where bk ak , k
(B)
k 1
(C)
a
k 1
Ans.
Sol.
b
k 1
cos(k 0t k )
(D)
a
k 1
cos(k 0t k ), where bk 0, k
cos(k 0t k )
(A)
Let a network contains single resistor, inductor and capacitor all in series.
L
Vs = ak cos(k w0 t )
k =1
Total impedance, Z R jL
j
C
Z R j L
Current,
V
I s
Z
a
k 1
cos(k 0t )
R j L
a
k 1
cos(k 0t )
1
C
1
R 2 L
tan
C
R
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23
1
L
s
,
Let tan 1
R
3
k 1
cos(k 0t )
2
R L
C
ak
R L
k 1
cos(k 0t )
I bk cos(k 0t k )
where bk ak , k
k 1
where bk
ak
1
R 2 L
and k
Note :
A sin w0 t
LTI System
B sin(w0 t + f)
When a sinusoidal input is given to LTI system the output is also sinusoidal with change in magnitude
and phase shift offered by LTI system.
Q.32 A first-order low-pass filter of time constant T is excited with different input signals (with zero initial
conditions up to t = 0). Match the excitation signals X, Y, Z with the corresponding time responses for
t0
Ans.
Sol.
X : Impulse
P : 1 e t /T
Y : Unit step
Q : t T (1 e t /T )
Z : Ramp
R : e t /T
(A) X R, Y Q, Z P
(C) X R, Y P, Z Q
(C)
For first order system
1
G ( s)
;
H ( s) 1
sT
Close loop transfer function is given by,
Y ( s)
G ( s)
R( s) 1 G ( s) H ( s)
Y (s)
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(B) X Q, Y P, Z R
(D) X P, Y R, Z Q
Input
R( s)
G (s) =
1
sT
Output
Y (s)
H (s) = 1
G ( s)
R( s)
1 G ( s) H (s)
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Y (s)
Y (s)
G ( s)
1/ sT
1 G ( s) H ( s) 1 1
sT
1
1 sT
y (t )
1 t /T
e
T
for t 0
( X R)
1
s
1
(1 sT ) ( sT )
s (1 sT )
s (1 sT )
1
T
1
T
Y (s)
1
s (1 sT ) s
T s
T
Taking inverse Laplace transform, we get
y (t ) (1 e t /T ) for t 0
For ramp response, R( s )
Y (s)
(Y P)
1
s2
T
1
1 T
2
s (1 sT ) s
s 1 1
T
2
( Z Q)
Trick :
You can directly check by
d
(ramp response) = step response
dt
d
(step response) = impulse response
dt
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Q.33 An AC voltage source V = 10 sin(t) volts is applied to the following network. Assume that R1 3 k,
R2 6 k and R3 9 k, and that the diode is ideal.
R3
R2
R2
R3
R3
f
d
R1
R2
R2
R1
I rms
R1
R2
R2
V = 10sin(t )
Ans.
Sol.
1
R3
I /3
R2
R2
I /6
R3
I /6
R2
R1
I /3
I /6
R3
I /3
R2
I /6
I /3
I /3
R1
R2
I /6
R2
I /6
I /3
R1
I rms
V = 10sin(t )
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V 10sin t
2sin t mA
5
5
For half wave rectifier,
I
2
I rms m 1 mA
2 2
Hence, the correct answer is 1.
Q.34 In the circuit shown in the figure.
I
3 kW
5V
Ans.
Sol.
10 kW
v0
2 kW
100v0
40 kW
5V
10 kW
2 kW
v0
100v0
40 kW
Vth
2
5 2 V
23
40
40
100v0 100 2 160 V
Vth
40 10
50
Calculation of Rth : Short the independent voltage source of 5 volt. Therefore v0 0 and as a result
v0
10 kW
2 kW
Rth 10 k || 40 k
Rth
40 kW
Rth
40 10
k
40 10
400
8 k
50
Vth2 16 16 100
0.8 W
4 Rth 4 8 1000
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1
If X (e ) is the discrete-time Fourier transform of x[n], then X (e j ) sin 2 (2) d is equal to ______.
j
Ans.
Sol.
8
From the definition of DTFT,
X (e j )
x n e
jn
And
1
x n
X (e j ) e jn d
1
x 0
X (e j ) d
Hence
1
X (e j )Y (e j ) d x 0 * y 0
2
Y (e j ) sin 2 (2)
1 cos 4 1 (e 4 j e 4 j )
2
2
22
1 1
1
Y (e j ) e 4 j e 4 j
2 4
4
Taking inverse Fourier transform,
1
1
1
y n n n 4 n 4
2
4
4
Y (e j )
1
1
1
y n , 0, 0, 0, , 0, 0, 0,
2
4
4
1
y 0
2
x n 6, 3, 8, 7, 4
x 0 8
1
X (e j ) Y (e j ) d 2 x 0 * y 0
28
1
8
2
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28
4.83
Given diagram,
P
WP
WN
W
N AND
1016 1017
3
26
10
ln
ni2
(1.5 1010 ) 2
V0 0.757 V
Depletion width of p-n junction diode is given by
Now
2 1
1
V0
q N A ND
2 8.854 1016 12 1
1
0.757 3.3255 cm
19
19
10
1.6 10
1017
WP
WN D
3.3255 106 1016
N A ND
1016 1017
WP 0.3023 cm
Charge per unit junction area in the depletion layer on the p-side is
qN AWP
1.6 1019 1017 0.3023 10 6 4.8368 nC/cm 2
Hence, the correct answer is 4.83.
Q.37 Consider an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with a gate-to-source
W
voltage of 1.8 V. Assume that
4, N Cox 70 10 6 AV 2 , the threshold voltage is 0.3 V, and the
L
channel length modulation parameter is 0.09 V1 . In the saturation region, the drain conductance (in micro
seimens) is __________.
Ans. 28.35
Sol. Given :
In the saturation region, drain conductance is given by,
g d I DS
W
1
g d 28.35 S
Hence, the correct answer is 28.35.
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29
Q.38 The figure below shows the doping distribution in a p-type semiconductor in log scale.
NA(cm3)
1016
1014
1
2
Position (mm)
Ans.
Sol.
The magnitude of the electric field (in kV/cm) in the semiconductor due to non-uniform doping is
_________.
0.0133
Applying the current density equation
J J drift J Diffusion
DP
VT
P
Hence,
Here
p NA
VT dP
p dx
VT d N A
N A dx
d
ln N A ( x)
dx
Units are in log scale, hence we can write as
log10 x1 1 m
E VT
x1 101 m 0.001 cm
log10 x2 2 m
x2 102 m 0.01 cm
ln(1014 ) 32.23
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30
ln(1016 ) 36.84
3
NA(cm )
16
36.84
10
1014
32.24
1
0.001
mm (log scale)
0.01
36.84 32.23
E 0.026
0.01 0.001
E 0.0133 kV/cm
Hence, the correct answer is 0.0133.
Q.39 Consider a silicon sample at T = 300 K, with a uniform donor density N d = 5 1016 cm3, illuminated
uniformly such that the optical generation rate is Gopt = 1.5 1020 cm31 throughout the sample. The
incident radiation is turned off at t = 0. Assume low-level injection to be valid and ignore surface effects.
The carrier lifetimes are p 0 = 0.1 s and n 0 = 0.5 s.
n-type Si
The hole concentration at t = 0 and the hole concentration at t = 0.3 s, respectively, are
(A) 1.5 1013 cm 3 and 7.47 1011 cm 3
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
Given :
Gopt R
NA
NA
1.5 1020
p
0.1 106
t / p
1.5 10 e
13
0.3
0.1
Q.40 An ideal op-amp has voltage sources V1 , V3 , V5 ,......, VN 1 connected to the non-inverting input and
V2 , V4 , V6 ,......, VN connected to the inverting input as shown in the figure below ( VCC = 15 volt, VCC
= 15 volt). The voltages V1 , V2 , V3 , V4 , V5 , V6 ,...... are 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, . volt, respectively.
As N approaches infinity, the output voltage (in volt) is ___________.
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31
V2
V4
VN
10 kW
10 kW
10 kW
+ VCC
10 kW
V0
V1
V3
VN -1
Ans.
Sol.
- VCC
1kW
1kW
1kW
1kW
15
V2
V4
VN
V1
V3
VN -1
10 kW
10 kW
10 kW
+ VCC
10 kW
1kW
1kW
1kW
VB
V0
- VCC
VA
1kW
..... A N 1 A 0
1 k
1 k
1 k
1 k
N
VA 1 V1 V3 .....VN 1
2
VB VA
N
V0 VA 1 (V2 V4 V6 .....VN )
2
N (V V .....VN 1 )
V0 1 1 3
(V2 V4 V6 .....VN )
N
2
1 1 1
V0 V1 V2 V3 V4 ..... 1 .....
2 3 4
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32
N
Output of op-amp goes to saturation
V0 Vsat VCC 15 Volt
V0
+ VCC
V0
- VCC
1MW
10 kW
+ VCC
Ans.
Sol.
800
I0
1MW
+ VCC
0A
0V
V0
0A
IL
- VCC
1MW
RL = 10 kW
+ VCC
Responsivity
Pi
Incident light power
0.8 A/W
I0
10 106
I 0 8 A
Hence,
V0 I 0 1 M 8 106 1106 8 V
IL
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V0
8
800 A
RL 10 103
33
X2
X1
X0
Ans.
Sol.
OP0
OP1
OP2
3 : 8 OP3
Decoder OP4
OP5
OP6
OP7
IP0
IP1
IP2
IP3
8:3
IP4 Encoder
IP5
IP6
IP7
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Y2
Y1
Y0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Y2
Y1
Y0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
None of the option are correct but answer is close to option (A).
Hence, the correct option is (A).
Q.43 The functionality implemented by the circuit below is
P
Q
R
S
Y
O0
C1
C0
O1
2:4
Decoder
O2
O3
Enable = 1
is a tristate buffer
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Ans.
Sol.
34
Y=P
C1C0 01
Then O1 1
Y=Q
C1C0 10
Then O 2 1
Y=R
C1C0 11
Then O3 1
Y=S
This behavior is property of 4 to 1 multiplexer.
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.44 In an 8085 system, a PUSH operation requires more clock cycles than a POP operation. Which one of the
following options is the correct reason for this?
(A) For POP, the data transceivers remain in the same direction as for instruction fetch (memory to
processor), whereas for PUSH their direction has to be reversed.
(B) Memory write operations are slower than memory read operations in an 8085 based system.
(C) The stack pointer needs to be pre-decremented before writing registers in a PUSH, whereas a POP
operation uses the address already in the stack pointer.
(D) Order of registers has to be interchanged for a PUSH operation, whereas POP uses their natural order.
Ans. (C)
Sol. For PUSH RP instruction in 8085 machine cycles are Fetch (F), Write (W) and Write (W).
i.e.
6 + 3 + 3 = 12 T-state/clock cycle.
Stack pointer holds the address of previously stored temporary data, so to store new data SP is decreased
by 1 after decoding on code, hence fetch has 6 T-state unlike 4 T-states for most of the instruction.
But for POP RP Fetch (F), Read (R) and Read (R)
i.e.
4 3 3 10 T-state/clock cycle
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35
K
0
s 5s 5
2
K s 2 5s 5
For break away point
dK
0
ds
dK
2s 5 0
ds
s 2.5
To find system gain, apply magnitude condition,
G ( s ) H ( s ) s 2.5 1
G ( s ) H ( s ) s 2.5
K
1
(2.5) 5 (2.5) 5
2
Ans.
Sol.
For the peak overshoot of the closed-loop system to a unit step input to be 10%, the value of K is ________.
2.8
K
Given :
G ( s)
;
H (s) 1
s ( s 2)
Characteristics equation is given by,
1 G ( s) H ( s) 0
1
K
0
s ( s 2)
s 2 2s K 0
Compare with s 2 2n s n2 0
2n 2 and n K
1
1
n
K
MP e
1 2
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12
0.1
ln(0.1)
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36
2.3
1 2
2 2 (2.3) 2 (1 2 )
15.16 2 (2.3) 2
0.59
Also,
1
1
2.8
2
(0.59) 2
Ans.
Sol.
Given :
H ( s ) 2 s 4 5s 3 5s 2
To find the number of zeroes in the right half of s-plane, apply Routh Hurwitz criteria
2 s 4 5s 3 5s 2 0
By Routh array
2
0
2
s4
s3
s2
s1
0(2)
s0
AE 2 s 2 2
d
(AE) 2 s 0
ds
Q.48 Consider a discrete memoryless source with alphabet S s0 , s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 ,.... and respective
Ans.
Sol.
1 1 1 1 1
probabilities of occurrence P , , , ,
,.... . The entropy of the source (in bits) is _______.
2 4 8 16 32
2
Given :
Entropy of source is given by,
N
1
H Pi log 2
Pi
i 0
1
1
1
1
H log 2 2 log 2 4 log 2 8 log 2 16 .....
2
4
8
16
2
1
1
1
1
H 2 3 4 .....
2
2
2
2
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. (i)
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37
Hence
H 1
1
1
2 3 .....
2 2
2
2
. (ii)
H 1 1 1
.....
2 2 2 2
1
H
2
1
2
1
1
2
H 2 bits/symbol
Hence, the correct answer is 2.
Q.49 A digital communication system uses a repetition code for channel encoding/decoding. During
transmission, each bit is repeated three times (0 is transmitted as 000, and 1 is transmitted as 111). It is
assumed that the source puts out symbols independently and with equal probability. The decoder operates
as follows: In a block of three received bits, if the number of zeros exceeds the number of ones, the decoder
decides in favor of a 0, and if the number of ones exceeds the number of zeros, the decoder decides in
favor of a 1. Assuming a binary symmetric channel with crossover probability p = 0.1, the average
probability of error is ________.
Ans. 0.028
Sol. Given :
Crossover probability p = 0.1
Average probability of error
3 p 2 3 p3
3(0.1) 2 3(0.1)3 0.028
Hence, the correct answer is 0.3.
Q.50 An analog pulse s(t) is transmitted over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The received
N
signal is r(t) = s(t) + n(t), where n(t) is additive white Gaussian noise with power spectral density 0 .
2
The received signal is passed through a filter with impulse response h(t). Let ES and Eh denote the
energies of the pulse s(t) and the filter h(t), respectively. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is
maximized at the output of the filter ( SNRmax ), which of the following holds?
Ans.
(A) ES Eh ; SNRmax
2 ES
N0
(B) ES Eh ; SNRmax
ES
2 N0
(C) ES Eh ; SNRmax
2 ES
N0
(D) ES Eh ; SNRmax
2 Eh
N0
(A)
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38
( SNR) max
Es
2E
s
N0 / 2 N0
Ans.
Sol.
/4
400sin 2
r sin d d
2(r 2 4)
0
12
/4
400
2
I
r 2 0 sin 2 d
2
2(r 4)
/12
/4
400 r 2 2 1 cos 2
I
d
2(r 2 4) /12
2
1
/4
1
400 r 4 12 sin 2
400 r 2 2
I 2
2
(r 4)
2
4 /12 (r 4) 12 4
Given r = 0.8 m,
2
400 (0.8) 2
I
0.13 7.56 Amp
4 64
/4 2
2
2
Total area ds r sin d d r r 2 sin d d
0
12
/4
sin d 2 r 2 2 0.259
12
r 0.8
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Average current
7.56
7.26 A/m 2 7.56 A/m 2
1.041
Q.52 An antenna pointing in a certain direction has a noise temperature of 50 K. The ambient temperature is
290 K. The antenna is connected to a pre-amplifier that has a noise figure of 2 dB and an available gain
of 40 dB over an effective bandwidth of 12 MHz. The effective input noise temperature Te for the amplifier
and the noise power Pao at the output of the preamplifier, respectively, are
(A) Te 169.36 K and Pao 3.73 1010 W
Ans.
(A)
Sol.
N i 3.63 1014 W
N 0 N i Gain
Gain(dB) 40 10 log10 (Gain)
Gain 104
Q.53 Two lossless X-band horn antennas are separated by a distance of 200. The amplitude reflection
coefficients at the terminals of the transmitting and receiving antennas are 0.15 and 0.18, respectively.
The maximum directivities of the transmitting and receiving antennas (over the isotropic antenna) are 18
dB and 22 dB, respectively. Assuming that the input power in the lossless transmission line connected to
the antenna is 2 W, and that the antennas are perfectly aligned and polarization matched, the power ( in
mW) delivered to the load at the receiver is ________.
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40
3
Given :
d = 200l
Transmitter
Gt = 0.15
Receiver
G r = 0.18
18 dB
Pt = 2 W
1.8
Gt = 10
22 dB
Pr = ?
2.2
Gr = 10
Pr
(1 t ) (1 r ) Gt Gr
4d
Pr
Pt
4 200
Pr 2.995 mW 3 mW
Ewi (a x ja y ) E0 e jkz
Ans.
Sol.
This wave is incident upon a receiving antenna placed at the origin and whose radiated electric field
towards the incident wave is given by the following equation :
1
Ea (a x 2a y ) El e jkr
r
The polarization of the incident wave, the polarization of the antenna and losses due to the polarization
mismatch are, respectively,
(A) Linear, Circular (clockwise), 5 dB
(B) Circular (clockwise), Linear, 5 dB
(C) Circular (clockwise), Linear, 3 dB
(D) Circular (anti clockwise), Linear, 3 dB
(C)
Ewi (a x ja y ) E0 e jkz
Given :
Wave contains two orthogonal components with equal amplitude and y-component leads X-component
by 900 and also wave is travelling in negative z-direction.
Hence, circular (clock wise) polarization
1
Ea (a x 2a y ) El e jkr
r
Wave contains orthogonal components with unequal amplitude and both are in-phase.
Hence, linear polarization
PLF Pinc Pant
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41
Where
a x ja y
Pinc
= Polarizing vector of incident wave.
2
a x 2a y
Pant
= Polarizing vector of radiated field.
5
a x ja y
PLF
2
a x 2a y
5 1
10 2
5
1 j2
5 1
PLF
10 2
2 5
PLF(dB) 10 log
1
3 dB
2
1
Wrad Waverage ar C0 2 cos 4
r
The radiated power density is symmetrical with respect to and exists only in the upper hemisphere :
0 ; 0 2; C0 is a constant. The power radiated by the antenna (in watts) and the maximum
2
directivity of the antenna, respectively, are
(A) 1.5 C0 , 10 dB
Ans.
(B)
Sol.
Given :
(B) 1.256 C0 , 10 dB
(C) 1.256 C0 , 12 dB
1
Wrad Waverage ar C0 2 cos 4
r
(D) 1.5 C0 , 12 dB
/2 2
0 0
C0
1
cos 4 r 2 sin d d
2
r
/2
C
2 20 r 2 cos 4 d ( cos )
r
0
d ( cos ) sin d
sin d :
Put
Prad Wrad ds
cos
cos t
dt sin d
2
cos 4 sin d
t dt
4
t 1
t5
5 1
1
/2
cos5
2
2 C0
C0 1.256 C0
5
5 0
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42
4 U
rad
/ 2
4 C0 cos 4
cos 4 sin d d
0 0
2 cos 4
10 cos 4
1/ 5
Max value = 10
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