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L.-->Lfl.JLjt.^J!

THE

xj<mJ\

'skven Poems,
SUSPENDED

IN

THE TEMPLE AT MECCA.

TRANSLATED .FROM THE ARABIC
BY

CAPT.

F.^E.

JOHNSON,

Royal Artillery,

WITH AN INTRODUCTION,
BX

SHAIKH FAIZULLABHAI,

B. A.,

Fellow of the University of Boinhay,

Head Master, Anjuman-i-Isldm

Author of " The

Schools,

Zloslcin Present."

All Rights reserved.

JSo

mbay

PRINTED AT THE

EDUCATION SOCIETY'S STEAM PRESS, BYCULLA.

18D3.

Price Rupees Seven

luzac

Co.,

{Opposite

Annas

the

Eight.

BrnUh

.y/i/tfcv

I
/

p
PREFACE.
liiE
notliing

reason

accompanying translation

more than an aid

it

is

has been made as

is

obscure, and

beginners even

will

intended to be

and

to the student,
literal

it is

for

as possible.

and explanations have been added

the sense

A^-

in all cases

this

Notes

where

hoped that by their aid

experience

little

or

no

difficulty in

reading the original.

All different readings,

and different interpretations

which have good authority and have come to hand,

have been included in the notes.
been found

marked with

My
Esq.,

notes,

of

some copies and not

B.A.,

in others

are

asterisks for the sake of distinction.

best thanks are due to Shaik

scholar, for
sheets.

in

Lines which have

of

Bombay,

a really

FaizuUahbliai,

first-class

Arabic

the trouble he took in revising the proof

During revision he considerably enlarged the

&c., so as

to bring the

work within the grasp

all.

F. E. J.

Kirkee, 29th January 1893.

^Q -r>

NTRODUCTION.
Amongst tlio aucient

who have

nations, as History shows, there are few

so large a treasure of sublime poetry

and so abun-

dant a stock of useful literature to boast of, as the old nation of

Arabia. The Arabs have always beep remarkable for the
great pride they have taken in the excellence of their language,
the perfection of their literature, the sublimity of their poetry,
the purity of their race, and the integrity of their moral character.

Pure

from bias or prejudice,

justice, free

fully

admits

they have reason to feel this pride, and accords them a

very high place among the civilized and literary nations of the
These facts are well borne out by evidence
ancient world.
that

derived from the history of the progress of literature, especially

during the 4th, 5th and Cth centuries of the Christian

During the period alluded

to,

era.

the literary genius was almost

entirely monopolised by the Aryans,

represented then by the

Indians and the Persians in the East, and by the

Romans

in the

The Indian literature was, however, confined only to a

limited number of Shastris and Brahmins, and was inaccessible
to the other castes, or the numerically much stronger public.
The Persians had long cultivated and enriched their literature
with a good deal of learning, borrowed from the Greeks and

West.

the Indians.

Hebrew

Among

the Semi'tics, the Syrians possessed a

literature of a superior character,

which was not, how-

and was confined only to

moreover, had risen to their

ever, cultivated to a very vast extent,

a few Rabbis.

These

literaieurs,

greatest height and were

now

only hanging

on the verge of

and were more or less giving way to the Romans, who,

the time we speak of, held their own against all the nations of

decline,

at

the world, both in the political as well as in the literary realm.

INTllODUCnON.

VI

Their literary supremacy was, however, the result of a loug

working of the schools, established by Cicero^ Virgil, and Livy,
on the lines of the learning they had inherited from that defunct

Grecian world which had Jong given way to the sway of the

Roman

triumphant

The Roman Poetry, Oratory and

arms.

Rhetoric were merely offshoots engrafted on those of Homer,

Demonsthenes and
the

Romans

Much

Aristotle.

credit

is

certainly

the great iuaproveraent they

for

due to

made on

the

teachings of their mother- school, which elevated them to a high

pitch of literary fame, aud placed them at the top of the category

But

of the civilized aud refined nations of the time.

their

achievements, though very noble and excellent in themselves,

were mei^ely

parasitic,

aud had

little

originality to boast of.

About this time we find a new nation rushing upon the scene,
and steadily progressing with long strides to the front of the
literary world, neither by means of any learning, borrowed
from other nations, nor by any set examples to guide them,
but solely by dint of the growth of their own natural
This was the Arabian nation,
solitary peninsula,

and debarred by

was cut

its

own

off

which,

living

faculties.

obscurely

in

from the chief seats of learning

seclusion from all the advantages

of

a close contact with the civilized nations of the day, who

regai'ded

it

merely as a degraded and barbarous nation. Notits starting with such local and social disadvan-

withstanding

tages, this nation,

which was destined by God

great importance later on,

and

to

succeed the

to

rise

to

Romans

a
in

presiding over the destinies of a great part of the world, bravely

stemming the
for the

which

tide of adverse circumstances, deserves all pi-aise

high state of culture, civilization and advancement

its

people attained

by means of self-development of
it had pleased God

those superior literary faculties with which

to

endow them.
Although the

Arabic language was as old as any of the

its literary fame was kept

noble languages of the world, yet

VH

INTKODIU'TION.

by God

store for

in

a later generation.

beginning of the Gth century.

time,

the

Tlie history of its

dates only from as early as the

literature, properly speaking,

Yet, within so short a period of

extending indeed over not more than two centuries,

Arabs succeeded

carrying their

in

literature to such

an

name among

the

elevated pitch as earned them an immortal

literary world.

most refined nations of the

Their progress was marvellously rapid in every department

poetry, oratory,

of literature

rhetoric, politics, history,

moral

and mental philsophy. The greater part of their early literature,

however, consisted of poetry, Avhich was the principal and
almost the only record the ancient Arabs possessed, and it is
said with perfect truth that
(

>^j*-i\ ^:)^ji:> j*-^^

).

'

Poetry

their customs, their habits, their

their

beliefs,

their

the record of the Arabs'

ways of

living, their wars,

their domestic affairs,

virtues, their vices,

advancement,

is

Poetry was the record of their usages,

mercantile dealings,

their sentiments, their moral progi'ess,

that would interest both a historian

The Arab minds were

cast

and a

by nature

their social

their

ci-eeds

and

and in short

all

moralist.

moulds of

in poetical

the best type, and their speeches even were mostly poetical, or

such as could readily be converted into rhythmical numbers.

They had at that time no rules of grammar or versification to

guide them and yet their verses were scrupulously accurate
and hardly ever went wrong. They had neither any fixed,
;

criterion of rhetoric, nor

any cannons of criticism

yet their

idioms, expressions, images, similes and metaphors were as

.

accurate, as clear, as lucid, and as perspicuous as

subsequently established

One

Post-Islamic times.

of the distinctive features of the primitive literature of the

Arabs was that

a

schools of the

any of the

it

possessed the real and rare beauty of being

faithful representation of nature,

inasmuch as their images

were derived directly from nature, and their composition was

INTRODUCTION.

VIU

merely a real expression of their real feelings and a true

reflection of their

mental v/orkings.

False fame,

vainglory,

and empty praise were motives not known to those

early A.rabs, who led a simple and innocent life in the lap of
flattery,

nature,

invested with

all

its

concomitant virtues,

courage, gallantry, truthfulness,

generosity,

fidelity,

innocent and

liberality,

charity,

bravery

sincere

hospitality,

love,

and

With the Arabs of those

times poetry was a gift of nature, commonly bestowed on all
alike, whether old or young, man or woman, rich or poor, high
or low, noble or mean, townsman or peasant, who used it as
hatred of cruelty and oppression.

a tangible expression of their emotions, a

ready vehicle of

what they thought and felt and a lasting, record of their views,
made more impressive and more perspicuous by illustrative
similes, apt images, aud suitable metaphors, such as were
readily supplied by natural objects and views of daily sight.
Thus we see the common topics
tic life,

of their poetry to be

domes-

wars, heroic deeds, martial triumphs, travels, camels^

horses, weapons, chase, love, reminiscences of old associations,

hospitality, glory

personages and

and genealogy of the

tribe,

chiefs, records of their

and virtuous

acknowledgment of
embodying posthumous recollections

deeds done for the good of their

their obligations, elegies,

panegyrics of noble

patriotic

tribes,

and commemorations of the virtues of deserving merits

in

pro-

portion to their deserts.

Precepts of sociology, political views,

philosophical doctrines,

maxims and proverbs were not lacking;

but they were mere results of a direct observation of the objects

of nature

and of

a deep

contemplation of humanity in

its

simplest aspect.

Nor were the Arabs unconscious of the high poetical genius

wherewith they were endowed by nature, of the great success
of their literature, and of the rising fame and triumph of their
literary taleats.

Poetry soon came to be recognised as a noble

IX

INTRODDCTION.

mental production, to be appreciated as a high accomplishment, and to be regarded as a qualification for exaltation
of rank

and esteem

Poets came forward to emulate

in society.

and vie with one another to carry off the palm.

This led to

the establishment of a department of literary exhibition in tho

national fair of 'Okaz, which was held annually in Zi\-1-Qa'dah,

oue of the four sacred months, in which war was forbidden to

be waged. To it flocked merchants from Hijaz, Nejd and
'Ok&z was the

other parts of Arabia.

Olympia

of Arabia,*

where poets resorted and placed their poetic talents before the
public

for their

judgment and award, which were always

regarded as decisive and

final.

The Arabic literature attained the Zenith just at the times,

when the faith of Islam made its appearance in Arabia, and
the Koran marked the highest point, to which the Al-abic
language and

literature

were destined to

which, as

rise, after

the Arabs by the spread and the conquest of Islaln came

contact with

for'eigners, they

their noble language

suffer

from

its

had reason

and being afraid

to

grow

lest its

ill

jealous of

pUrity might

Contact With other languages, they wefe obliged

to state the principles of

grammar,

to

ezplain

the

laws of

syntax, to discover the measures of prosody, to formulate the

figures of rhetoric

and composition,

to define the criteria of

lexicography, to determine the standards of phraseology, and

to

fix

of the

the cannons of criticism,

of the pre-Islamic time.

The

was rapidly waning and giving

tion,

all

founded on the basis

language

universal principles that underlie the pure

unnatural

simplicity of nature, however,

its

embellishment,

Poets, orators and

place to artificial ornamenta-

and

mannerism.

scholastic

writers then vied in indulging in poetic

reveries, in giving a full play to their imagination, in

new

sentiment?, in inventing

in discovering the

in

imitating

new metaphors and

forming

rare similes,

beauties of the pre-Islamic poetry,

by every

artificial

moans

in their

and

power the

INTRODUCTION.

flowing diction of that natural poetry, the pathos and the effect
of which, however, they strove to grasp with various but dubious

They

success.

lay claim to

no

ideas

credit, indeed, for

little

many improvements they made on

and expressions, for the standards they fixed

the imaginative work of poetry,

tlie

the ancient style, diction,

to regulate

cannons of criticism

for the

they laid down, for the'laws of language they enunciated, and

for the

many

mannerism,

beautiful figures they invented.

in

all

all,

however,

It was,

a noble imitation, but without the true

spirit of real nature.

The progress
by comparing

of the Arabic literatui'e

may

best be illustrated

a gradual and grand ascent up a lofry

to

it

mountain, richly clad ia every variety of beautiful verdure,

pleasant vegetation, particoloured and fragrant Sowers, verdant

meadows, varied

trees

all

of wild

growth j and

rife

with cooling

avenues, refreshing arbours and stately alcoves, resounding

with diverse songs of wild birds,

whose

varieties

of notes,

colours and hues are objects of deep admiration and devotion

The summit was gained only

to the votaries of nature.

at the

appearance of the Koran, which occupied the proud position of

a solitary eminence, beyond the reach of
short of

it.

step further,

and the

all

aspirers,

who

fell

declivity gradually led to

a spacious plateau, abounding in fine valleys, laid out with

beautiful gardens,

trimmed

alleys,

combined

in

charming flower-beds, gliding

levelled

beautiful

turfs,

harmony and

harmonious melodies of trained

to

make
It

all

and

picturesque

rills,

birds, while art spared

nothing

as perfect as lay in her power.

was thus

the

at the time w"hen

Arabic literature stood at

Seven Suspended Poems, made

They stood

all

resounding with the

highest position, that the celebrated Seven Poems, well

as

well

parks,

at the

its

known

their appearance.

top of the eminence of Arabic literature,

exulting with deserving pride at that enviable position and

XI

lNTR()l)llCTr(JN.

triumphing' over

tlie

overgreeu laurels, so nobly won by

fche

superior clegcance, eloquence and purity of their language, their

adtnirable

images and their vivid descriptions.

who

uuiversally admired by the public,

their appreciation of their real beauties

iu

to thein,

unanimously agreed

to

testify

and the recognition

the obligation, which the Arabic language in no

owed

They were

order to

immortalize

of

measure

little
tlijoir

fame by

couferringou them the highest lnjuour they could bestow

that

of hanging them inside the Iva'ba, the most sacred shrine of

Avorship, as

their

memorial

in letters of gold

inscribed

to

they were

posterity, after

on pieces of a

fine

white cloth of

Egypt, whence they are also called Hhe Golden,' oLA.iJI.

AN OUTLINE OF THE CEARACTERISTIC

FEATURES OF THK POEMS, WITH AN
EXPOSITION OF THE POINTS OF
SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE.
The poems

all

agree in one important respect.

They are

all

introduced with touchiug reminiscences of old associatious, old

times, the early days of the poets,

and the happy days they

spent of old iu the pleasant society of the objects of their love.

The

fifth

poem, however,

differs a little,

and

is

introduced by

the poet asking his lady-love to give him a cup of good wine,

and by his giving a pithy and elegant description of her beauties.

The second poem slightly touches on the latter subject, while
the sixth poem enters into many more details.
All the poems, except the third

description of ridiug beasts,

bred

hoi-se

camels.

and those of the

that

and the

fifth,

contain a

of the first being a high

rest fast-riding

and noble she-

In the second poem we fiud a graphic and detailed

description of the bodily structure of a noble she-camel and in

the rest a vivid pictui-e of her

The
first

first,

way

of travelling.

the second and the sixth poems are egotistic

the

deeply coloured with a hiugly spirit and royal virtues; the

INTRODUCTION.

Xii

second with martial valour and extreme individual iudepen-:

dence; while the sixth breathes a spirit of warlike courage,
soldierly

faithful

service

and knightly devotion

the lady

to

of his love.

The

third poena

is

eulogistic,

describing the virtues and

patriotic services of the chieftain of a tribe.

an ethical poem, heading the category

The

fourth;,

of all

It

is,

moreover,

pqems of that

the fth and the seventh poems

a.re

type.

patriotic

and breathe thrpughout a spirited feeling of national ii^deper^dence and superiority. The latter twQ ax'e, moreover, antagonistic

and give a vivid picture of two

rival

each striving to set o^ the glories of his

champion

own

clan

chiefs,

against

those of the rival tribe.

Notwitl:^standing these points of difference,

all

the

seven

common with all Arabic poems of t\m class, are distinguished with many prominent and similar features, viz,, a

poems

in

deep devotion in love, martial gallantry, national independence,

rigorous defence of individual rights, steady promotion of public

weal, rigid observance

Analysis of the

and

free exercise of national virtues.

Sevm Poems
POEJt

The poet placing the scene

friends

with Critical Remarhs.

I.

abode of his old

and mistress, and giving a short description of his
at the ruined

woeful plight on his separation from their friends, and of the

high emotiqns, rqused at the sight of the ruined abode, takes

us through a series of gallant love adventui-es, followed by a
lively description of h^s noble

horse, a brisk sylvan chase, a

great storm and a rainy night, wherewith the

Here the reader can hardly

fail to

poem

concludes.

notice the elevated senti-

ments, the sublime ideas and the majestic language of a highspirited prince,

tamed down by love and gallantry, but not to

the low level of an ordinary lover.

His courting

is

an interest-

INTRODUCTION.

Xlll

ing combi'natiQn of gallant devotion, and the assertion of a

princely privilt'go to coiuinand submission to

He

his will.

all his polite

attention to his ladj^-love he would never tamely

sul)mit to eoquetry,
self to

withdraw

strained too far, but would prepare

if

On

hand, his amiable character in society and his

civil

win him the hearts of

ladies,

own conveniences

liigh position

and rank.

who wait on

Her bed ig strewn with

is

never

known

He

is

a lady of

powdered

morning, and
His beast

do any menial domestic drudgery.

interested

in

n;i,tural

views, fine

landscapes,

He

many noble

sylvan

sports and knightly adventures.

virtues,

among which

faithfulness in love

the needy in spite of the risk

to

sacrifice

is

fiuely

late in the

manners

a princely and a stately horse of the noblest breed.

deeply

is

to

till

the other

and

his will

His beloved

to his wishes.

musk, she keeps in bed luxuriously

of riding

him-

monvent they should be dis-

his attentions the

regarded or treated with undue haughtiness.

their

is

With

a stranger to mortifioation and humiliation, even in love.

of

has

and ready attention

its

impoverishing his

means, stand out prominently.

Imra-nl-Qais
ages,

is

insomuch

best

so that

known

" the Creator of Images."

and

justly, since

it is

power of imagination.

for his clever

and ingenious im-

he has won the surname of (^yJlO lo'^-^

He

deserves the honour amply

he who shewed the proper way to use the

His similes and images are his own, and

are always, as a rule, quite apt and suitable.

rally selected

They are gene-

from objects of daily sight, so highly coloured by

his imagination as to surprise

His attention to

ladies,

by
aiid

their bright novel appearance.

his

poetical pursuits,

were regarded by his royal father as inferior

exposed him to the paternal wrath and

Poem
The opening

to

to

which

his rank,

banishment.

II.

lines represent the poet as

standing at the old

ruined abodes of his friends, ruminating on the old associations.

INTRODUCTION.

XIV

miud

and recalling

to

lady-love, of

whom

attention of the poet

serious affairs

iu vivid

language the departure

his

of

Here the
however, abruptly drawn by more

he gives a short description.

is,

to travelling

on a noble and fast-travelliug she-

camel, described at length and in minute details concerning her

Then taking

make, form and constitution.

his past

life,

he

tells

a shoi't review of

us of his good position in the tribe, ot bis

adventurous travels, and of his early habits of dissipation and

drinking, which caused liim to
lie,

however,

little

b.e

his kindliness to the poor

and

whom

forsaken by the tribe,

cares for, being as he

is

endeared to

all

ising tlien on the nnstahility and frailty of

human

life,

he re-

monstrates with his reproachers against their disapproval of

liberality

and

by

his politeness to the rich. Moral-

of his dissipated life;

and with

betraying him in the time of his need,

at

Hs

his cousin against

whoso disposal he

is,

however, ready to place his best services when required..

Here in a strain of eg^otism, he speaks of the many virtues that

more than redeem his weak points of character, his active
and vigilant habits, his undaunted courage, his unflinching
fortitude, his hospitable attention to strangers, and his
readiness to serve his friends in time of need.

he

tells us

As an instance,

how, in order to entertain his guests, he once un-

scrupulousl}'^

oSended

He

best camels.

his old father

by slaughtering one of

then concludes the

his

poem with a few moral

lessons which he has learnt from his experience of the world.

Here we

see an interesting picture of the

wayward and unwho has

ruly disposition of a reckless youth of tender age,

never known the superior control, either of a parent or of a

preceptor.

He

sets out

on his worldly journey without the ad-

vantage of ex[)erience or support, but with a

his poetic powers,

which stand him

cumstances, win for him

his

in

full

confidence in

good stead under

desires

all cir-

and even gain

him

admittance to the presence of the chieftains and the kings of

the time.

He

has a spirit too haughty to stoop to any formali-

XV

INTRODOCTIOV.
of society

ties

itidejpendenec

betrayed

in

Nvhicli

his

Lmguago and

attempts at breaking

He

of diction.

The

spirit

He

lacks mucli in gravity and subi'iety.

Thongh on

make

which oTUmi

diction,

traits of

the dangerous verge

is

of turning out

hickily

of

human

more than saved

by a naturally philosophic turn of inind, which, together

keen observation

has,

character to redeem his weak

corrupt and vicious debancliee, ho

his

of

even

it is

the bonuds of convcntitjnal laws

tliroiigli

however, many good

parts.

ho snecrinjrly scorns.

so pi-edominant in his cliaructor that

is

Avith

nature, causes iiim to derive

such practical and useful morals for himself as to help him to

turn his vices into virtues and give him a place

among

the dis-

tinguished people of his time.

His images are derived from domestic sights, nomadie

and sylvan scenes^ and arc well chosen

and

effect to the pictures

to give

life,

proper force

ho portrays.

Poem

III.

The poet begins by complaining

of the strange change?,

which

brought on the ruined abodes of his lady-love, since

are

they were deserted and came to be inhabited by wild beasts,

and which have been

so complete that the poet could hardly

recognise them except after a long and thoughtful consideration.

In a high strain of poetic reveries his fancy sees a party

of ladies, his former

acquaintances, march before his view,

leaving him alone lamenting for their departure.

Haram and
by

Hilrith, the

He

then praises

two chiefs of the tribe of Muzainah, who,

their generous intercession

and

their

magnanimously under-

taking to pay the blood mulct, have brought about a perfect

peace between the tribes of 'Abs and Zubyun, after

it

had been

disturbed by the cowardly behaviour of Husain, son of

Zamzam,

who, to avenge the death of his brother, killed one of the tribe
of Ban!

'x\.bs

in cold blood.

The poem then concludes with a

INTRODUCTION.

XVI

number of
ly life,

lines preacliing social morals of

a peculiar feature,

places

it

This

high value in world-

which distinguishes the poem and

conspicuously beyond the rivalry of any other poem.

poem

philosophical throughout in accordance with

Is

The poet is a sedate man of great experience,

a moral preceptor of good parts, and a grave preacher of the
the occasion.

morality he has

dependent

their

good

offices to

inculcates on
services

leai^nt

and

from his long experience of the world.

of the chiefs of the

tribe,

he praises thenl for

the people in the restoration of peace, and

them the recognition of the high value of

their strong claims

of their subjects.

on the

obedietlce'

their

and allegianco

Accordingly, he uses a language veiy graVe,

sublime, exhortive and impressive, and a dictiort flowing, soft,

gentle and embellished with figures of rhetoric*

PoKM IV.
Tile poet introduces the

poem with a

short descriptioli of

the complete changes, broilght aibout by time on the abodes of

his old friends

which have long been deserted by human beings

and occupied by wild

beasts.

his lady-love departed

He

then recalls to mind

with her party from

how, after removing to distant countries, she

ofi'

all

communication with him.

quital of his love

travelling on a

pared

on her

part,

how

the place, and

faithlessly cut

Despairing novT of the re-

he seeks relief from his griefs by

good and strong she-camel, whose speed

firstly to that of a she-ass,

is

com-

urged by her jealous mate to

a watering place in the hottest part of the year; and secondly

to that of a wild cow,

who, on missing her young, which has

been devoured by wolves during her absence, passes a

restless

night in the midst of a heavy rain in a sandy desert, only to be

surprised early in the morning by hounds,
kills

when turning

poet then

to

many

of which

bay during her precipitous

flight.

she

The

gives a lively description of his enjoyment of the

ti^TifOiynciioN.

society

chosen

of

xvti

of bis giviug food to the poor in

frioiuls,

winter, of his defence of the tribe against raids, of his acting

as a scout riding a good and

fieet

and moral snperiority over

his rivals,

camel-games with a high

in

when won, being

horse, of his enjoying mental

and of

relieving tho wants

entirely used in

and maguiticeut description of the glories o

is

Though

truo in love,

He is a
among which conspicuously shine

the last to put up with an unrequited love.

is

noble person of

many

virtues,

liberality, relieving tho

his

his tribe.

an accomplished man, possessed of a great

experience of the world and society.

he

of the

The poem then concludes with a pithy

needy and the orphans.

Tho poet here

his taking share

spirit of liberality, the flesh thereof,

wants of the needy, dispensation

of justice,

honest dealing, freedom from envy, unresti'ained

hospitality,

and readiness

to serve his people

under any

cir-

cumstances, however trying, virtues wherein he considers his

Most of these virtues ho derives

chief pride and glory to consist.

from

his tribe,

commonly
in

who

possess them in a very high degree, though.

characteristic of the

gambling and wine

is

Arab

due not

nation.

to

His enjoyment

libidinous habits,

but

rather to a generous disposition, either to afford relief to the

needy, to

make

society agreeable, to

chants, or to while

chosen friends.

away

His courser

steed of Imra-ul-Qais.
sports seems to be deep

The language

his time

is

is

patronize hopeful mer-

in the quiet society of a few-

rather inferior to the princely

His knowledge

and

of sylvan scenes

and

familiar.

elevated and sublime throughout,

bellished with beautiful images

and metaphors, quite

and emin

keeping

both with the glories of the tribe celebrated therein, and with
the grave and steady

mind of the old

poet.

Poem V.
This

poem

is

introduced by the poet's asking his beloved to

give him a cup of rich wine to drink.

He

asks her to listen

INTHODITCTION.

XVtii

patiently to a

his heroic

achievements and to

his position

and martial prowess.

of

relation

acknowledge the claims of

gives a detailed description of her excellent beauties and

He

of the pain he felt at her separation.

He

then asks the king,

a very powerful and

him a patient hearing, while he recounts

'Amru-bin-Hind^ who, he
despotic ruler, to grant

is

quite aware,

is

Bani Taghlib, their

in details the various glories of his tribe,

chivalrous deeds, and their noble services to their country.

Quoting

instances

several

show how

to

his tribesmen ai-e

always ready to fight and how indifferently

thi^eats of their rivals,

tliey

disregard the

he cautions the king against the evil

consequences of offending his tribe, of making any rash attempt

at exercising any

undue authority and power over them and of

treating

them with contempt,

exploits

of

reminds

him of the heroic

ancestors and of the prowess they had long

his

evinced on the battle-field, and says that the ancestral chivalrous

spirit

still

many

other heroes of the tribe.

spirit is not confined to their

men

feature in the character of their

by

their feminine nature

not

fail

to

own person and

The martial

continues as active as ever in his

in the persons of

only,

but

it

forms a rare

women, who, though prevented

from taking any active part

encourage their

men by every means

and even make a solemn covenant with

their

in

in their

war, do

power,

husbands that

they return not from the battle-field without rich spoils and

He

splendid trophies.

mind the superior

further asks the king to always bear ia

position that his tribe has long enjoyed over

other tribes, and to take the greatest care not to put

equal footing with

This poem
breathes

all

is

its rival tribe

it

on an

of Bakr.

a noble relic of ancient chivalrous poetry that

through of martial independence

and haughty

indignation at the king's unjust encroachment on the liberty

of his tribe, and

touf^d,

at his

shewing an undue

predilection

for

is

accordmgly high=

majestic, eunobled, very impreseive,.

and keeping pace

the rival tribe

of

Bakr.

'I'he

language

TNTRODUCTrON,

with the imyielJIiig

of the

spirit

XI

poet,

who

the chiot'taiu

is

aud perhaps their only champion, and

of a powerful tribe,

the advocate of their rights before the tribunal of a despotic

He

ruler.

is

an ardent and passionate lover, meek enough

to yield to the powers of love, but

hero

rough

gentle and polite

wars;

iu

in

He

court debates.

warrior, free from

guile

a brave and unyielding

in society,

is

frank

and malice, who openly demands

pleads his cause, cares

his due, freely

of his rivals, and hates to gain any

He

underhand influence.

but stern and

and open-hearted

tries

little for

the intrigues

favour by any undue or

carry his object with the

to

king by the force of his martial prowess rather than by the

dint of any cogent argument.

The poem has very few

all

of which,

similes, but

derived as

many images and

figures,

they are from martial objects, are

grand, sublime, and apt to well produce the force they are

meant

to give effect to.

Poem VI.
Here the poet

introduced to us as standing at the old and

is

long deserted abodes of his beloved, which

salutes with deep reverence.

removed too

far

He

for her sake

deeply regrets

be within easy reach, and

to

dejected at the grave obstacle he finds in the

way

he

her being
feels

much

of his

union

and marriage

with her, consequent on her belonging to a

hostile tribe.

He

gives her very strong assurances of being

devotedly true to his love, which he earnestly solicits

requited by her.
his notice

He

recollects

how

may be

carefully she tried to evade

on the occasion of her departure, but he being too

it and paid her a farewell visit.

clever for her got scent of

The poet then describes her numerous beauties displayed to

him on that occasion. Since her departure he has been leading
an adventurous

removed

life,

keeping always in

to a very distant country,

his saddle.

Though

he does not give up bis

INTRODUCTION,

aCX

iove in despair, but topes to join his beloved travelling on the

back of a fast-going and strong she-camel whose pace he com-

He

pares to that of an ostrich.

many

then appeals to her to

testify-

and noble deeds she has witnessed, -of his

boundless liberality, courteous manners and martial prowess
He further solicits her to
displayed on the field of battle.
inquire regarding his exploits from those who were present on
to the

virtues

who will surely tell her, among other

how ho once triumphantly overcame a hero of established
reputation.
He again reverts to the sorrow he feels at
brooding over the serious obstacles in the way of his love.
the field of battle, and

deeds,

Complaining of the depreciation of his services by 'Amru, he

gives a lively description of a trying battle well fought by him.

The poem concludes with earnest wishes on

his

part

for

favourable opportunity to avenge himself on the two sons of

Zamzam, who have

insulted

iiini

and have vowed

to

kill

him

for his having killed their father.

This poem pictures a

fine

combination of a soldier of high

martial powers and a passionate lover, labouring heavily under

all

the evils that attend an unequal match.

slave of

mixed

The poet

and noble

father, while his lady-love belongs to a

and

whom he comes
and inadvertently. He comes to

a hostile family,

suddenly
only when

it is

with

too late for

insurmountable

is

born of a slave-mother and a free

birth, being

him

difficulties that

to recede.

much higher

to ftiU in love quite

realize his

position

Disregarding

all

the

he sees assailing his love, he pro-

ceeds on steadfastly with every earnestness, ardour and firmness

in his love,

despair.

though not without now and then giving way to

always depends for the gain of his object on the

He

influence he hopes his

tame submission

uncommon

to her will,

assurances of his true love.

poem

stands prominent for

valour will have on her, on a

and on the repeated and strong

Among all the Seven Poems this

its

moat enthusiastic, most ardent,

most pathetic, and most tender descriptions of

love, wliicli

all

XXI

TNTRODUCTION.

and

throuc^liout broathes deep devotion

tacit

obedience to the

Even in the thickest part of the battle, whoa

bonie down by the conflict to within an inch of

will of his lady.

lie is lioavily

his

life,

she

is

not absent from his ituagiuative mind, which,

Boeing the lustre of her teeth in the flash of the arms, welcomes

them on that account, and

loses all terror

He

and awe.

is

not

a wild soldier, rushing rashly into the fight, but a considerate

warrior, possessed of good sense, well acquainted with
tactics of war,

and very

The language
is

in every part thoroughly consistent with

is

the subject matter

very tender and pathetic where love

it is

described, but where his warlike deeds are described,

hiu^h,

the

all

sensitive regarding his honour.

The images and

sonorous and forcible.

generally such as are chosen from sights and

it

is

are

figures

scenes, usually

and adventurers, and serve well

met with by

soldiers

full effect to

the sentiments they are used to illustrate.

to give

Poem VII.
This poem

is

introduced by the poet's expressing regrets at

the departure of his beloved, whose

tired of.

He

recollects

many

never grew

society he

places where he

knew her

in the

passed times with many tokens of kind regard shewn by her.

The many events of

serious

moment, which have, however, taken

place in the meanwhile, assert stronger claims on his attention,

and oblige him

to

travel

(probably to the king) on the back

of a fast-going she-camel,

which he compares

alarmed at the approach of hunters.

tribe of

Bakr

are ill-treated

by the

He

to
tells

an ostrich^
us

how

rival tribe of Taghlib,

claim from the former compensation and

felony so falsely attributed to them.

then

amends

his

who

for crimes of

He then reproaches 'Amru,

the author of the 5th poem, for his insinuations and

lies

regard-

ing Bakr to the king, and for his intriguing to deprive them of
the royal favour, and snceringly draws his attention to the great

prowess of Bakr as borne out

l)y

the fact that their blood never

XJni

INTRODUCTrON.

remained unavenged

wliile the

blood of Taghlib was always

Then tauntingly he says further

with impunity.

spilt

inquiry into the conduct of the two tribes will not

that the Thaglibians have always been guilty of

Bakrians have

trust they

who

king,

the

noble

power and

rendered by

to consolidate his rule.

especially three

assailed

under deep obligation

is

services

prominent instances

by Ma'add

them

Among

to

to

con-

evei'

ducted themselves nobly and shewed promptitude in

many

shew

many heinous

and rebellion against the king, whose

crimes, treason

always basely betrayed, while the

that an

fail to

them

serving
for the

establish

his

others, he quotes

firstly, when 'Amru was

army under Qais secondly,
Persian army against 'Amru; and
:

in a large

when Hujr led a large

thirdly, when Imra-ul-Qiis, brother

'Amru, was released

of

from his long captivity, and the blood of his father Munzir

was

fully

avenged by the death

of a groat cliieftain of the tribe

of Ghassan, and by the leading of nine other chiefs into capti-

Bakr have

vity.

also claims of blood

king, inasmuch as he

Such

services

and such claims

his

mother's side.

of kinship are too strong

In conclusion,

the poet sarcastically enumerates

instances of several campaigns lost by Bani Taghlib

through

sheer imbecility, rashness and faithlessness on their part

tells

them

that

it is

to

be influenced by the insinuations of Bani

allow the king to

Taghlib.

on the favour of the

nephew on

is their

only fair that they should

and

abide by the

consequences of their own misguided conduct without shifting

the responsibility on

to

the

shoulders of the rival tribe of

Bakr, whose noble deeds, exalted position and high influence

with the king they could not help looking upon without a
tingling feeling of envy.

This poem stands in a marked and relieved contrast with

The poets

are both chieftains

of their respective tribes, each having the

same subject and

ihe 5th poem in every respect.

the same object in

common, namely,

the pleading of the cause

XXIU

INTR01>UCT1>N.

own

of his

the same kin^' 'Amni-bin-Hind, a

tribe before

very powerful and despotic monarch of Arabia, and influencing

him

in favour of his

own

Hence, the contrast in the

tribe.

character of the two rival poets, and in their language and their
diction

is

and open-hearted warrior and

eloquent poet,

Wily and
by

we here evidently

see a

straightforward
old

crafty

more by

astute, he seeks to gain his object

Being thoroughly conscious

force.

Contrary to the

equally striking and interesting.

other frank

courtier.
tact

than

of per-

tho efficacy

of

suasion and "exhortation, he avoids intimidating the king by

the prowess of his tribe, but wins his good graces by eulogising

him with

and with his wise and prudent

his efficient ruling

policy of government, which endears

him

to the people;

by

reminding him of the good services rendered by the tribe of

Bakr and of

the ties of relationship

of loyal fealty

poem

and by tendering promises

Throughout the

very conciliatory terms.

in

a striking contrast

is

maintained by the poet between the

cowardly and perfidious conduct of Taghlib and the heroic and

loyal deeds of Bakr.

The language

is

throughout very sublime, grand, courtly,

polished and argumentative

rather than direct.

and the diction

To emphasize

his

is

mostly indirect

arguments, the poet makes

frequent use of Interrogation of Appeal

and gently touch-

ing on the several historical occurrences in a very concise and

pithy language, he leaves

to his

it

investigation into the respective

and

to

draw the

rival

to

conduct of

issues for himself.

few, are well selected to illustrate

make a
the

careful

rival

tribes

His similes, though very

the

descriptions

and are

never far-fetched but always very apt and natural.

SHATK FAIZULLABHAt

^JjVliiJa^^J!
THE FIRST POEM.
This poem

is

Hujr Alkandi, who

written by Iinra-ul-Qais bin

lived forty years before the prophet

Mohammad. And he

isalso

called Alraalik-ul-zilleol (the much-erring king), on account of

amorous tendencies. He fell in love with 'Unaizah, the

daughter of his uncle Sherhabeel, and of these two lovers there
is a tale which the poet tells in the poem.
his

The metre
(or

dij^^

of this

poem

is

the class dij^^^

the second of

'c?^ C5-'j^' o^J-T*-' 't:^^ LS^^^

'

V-T'^'

)>

'

which

terized by the last foot of both the hemistiches

being affected with the

ol-=^j

of the 5th quiescent letter).

^U

Iflx)

The

i^ij*^ iz)^

^^

is

charac-

(i^j^ and ^j^),

known as u^> (the suppression

The metre runs as follows
:

^le

i^^j*^

Ift/o

i^j*s

(irJ^-J^^

feet are subject to the following modifications

'^-^

(i^-'j-**

(o^^)

u^^ freely occurs in (^j* and rarely in i^^^^^^ (other

(1)
than in u^j^ and v^-^)? as the melodious flow of the metre
would be disturbed
(2)

*-fi^

in lir^-^^-*,

in the latter case.

(the suppression of the 7th quiescent letter) occurs

when

it

becomes

J^i^ctfl/o.

^^1a*Ua5 is subject to either

u^'

or

^^

but never to both

simultaneously, in accordance with the rule

(alternation).

Example of scansion
iJafl.

c<->

.j^yM

known

as ^

l*/o

The

(rhyme)

*Jt^'

is

Mi-lixi

(free); of the class of wijl'>^><,

(the final

moving letters. The poem is*-i'*^, its ^^-jj

rhyming letter) being J whose ^t^^s^ (or the moving

vowel)

^-f,

consisting of two

is

and

/-^ (the

vowel

letter of prolongation) f^

This metre, called iJiji^Jt (for its length), is one of those

most extensively used by the Arabs in all kinds of poetry,

and
ample space for
expressing any kind of sentence or sentences in one independent
The dividing of a sentence between two lines is regarded
line.
as a poetical defect, and is technically c;illed t:jJ^5 (reinsertion).
No word is also, as a rule, divided between two hemistiches,
{Vide lines 53 and 54 of the 4th poem.)
whether
the

epic, emotional, narrative, lyric, elegiac, eulogic

The length

like.

J c

" Stop, oh

remembrance

my

gives

'

'

two friends,

my

of

of each lino

us weep on account of the

let

beloved, and her abode

on the

situaied

edge of a sandy desert between Dakhool and Howmal."

-^jj 1st per. pi. of

jussive, being

the aorist from c?

an apodosis

the final (^apocopated for being

to the imperative '^'

Snch an address to two friends is very coinmon in Arabic poetry. It

alludes to the ancient custom of not travelling alone, the number of the
travelling party being generally not less than three.
o/ _

^^ may be taken

as the lightened form of

consider the dual form to

^b'.

ohj.

of space

o/

mean *-"

w '^'
'

O//

o^-l^
/

-***

e,'-*^^

imper. mph. sing.

Some

for emphasis.

jt/

'','>'.

"Andheiween Toozih and Maqrat, whose traces have not

been obliterated, on account of what has blown and re-blown
over them from the South wind and the North wind.''
The meaning

of this appears to be that, though the South wind

may blow

the sand over the remains of the encampment, the North wind blows the

sand

off again,

and

vice versa.

Some commentators iiiterprtt tlie line to mean, " wliose traces Imve not
been effaced on account of tlie intercliuiiging of the Nortli und Sontli winds
alone, but fur some other causes besides."

f^y

r^'^-* though in the genitive case on account of

is

being of a verbal measure

for it is t-J/'fi^'* ^i-^,

noun

(/JLc)

i\jXt}

=a

adj. clause to *

^j^

O"* explanatory

///

froiu

^*

for

^4*-^

duug

will see the

c"^^

//

nom.

"

On

if I,

The
into

=cA^

j*^

'

^'^

after

human

affected with

0^*5

beings.

which rarely

<i)

V^

the pred.

J*'^)

-/o

j/

o //

.=//

-//

the morning of separation, the day they parted it was

standing uear the acacia shrubs in the gardens of the
the

pods of the wild colocynth."

acid juice of the colocynth causes the eye

to

water should

it

get

it.

'*^-^

and

Here

f^

were breaking

tribe,

is

case.

/O/

as

W-i

ti"

the obj. case being subj.

in

the

ill

of the white deer in the courtyards

foot in the last hemistich

It stands thus c)

it.

''''''

as though they were seeds of pepper.*'

it,

This Hue expresses the abandonment of the place by

occurs in

an

is

to ^^ the relative pron.

aud enclosures of
The second

^H ^^

'

/ ^-//

You

place where rain-water collects,

apocopated by

-*i aorist

"

and proper

also

'"I'^l with \^^2,

i-i*J' (^i^j

indeclinable

Ij

(Jd are in
is

the obj. case being ^i*

o '-^ and the sentence

(.s"'^^

subj. after uJ f^

t5^"' obj. of place

I^U*^

and reads with ^^^

and '-"^^ pied,

{i^^^ ^j^).

Jy^^ (obj.

of time).

^^ oC^'*
I

is

and so ^yi

{j^

in

the nom. case.

is

"M}^ companions
place, say, "

An

<^**

z:/

*'

being

in the obj. case

'

my

verily

2?ii^

t5^'* showing

adj. sent, to

uj*-^^

''

J ^-^

s/

i^i^^

Oj 9/n/

the flowing tear.

is

o//

cure

J ^-^ )

the obj. case by ^y'^ ^

ill

UJ^y^

in that

patiently."

it

case being obj. of state

^^^j

cy^*'* subj. to the partic.

^^lax

me

stoppiuj^ their camels near

not die of grief, but bear

"-^^ 'j in tlie obj.

of

pi.

'-^^i

Do

s;

But

is

there near

the ruined remains, a place for crying ?"

2/^-^

in the

nom.

cy^ Expletive;
phrase

J^xx

case, being pred.

it is

^'^'^^ pred.

means

ajgQ

^^^ being

o'

after

<-^^.

The

adv.

obj. of place.

The

confidence.

reliance,

"But

*^^

(^-J*-) to the subj.

generally used so with the subj. after

latter part

then may be

there any confidence to be placed in the mouldering remains for solacing me ?"

rendered thus

:;

j^Uj ^ by

is

^f

i3j

/'!/

uJ

.-.

i^u;

1 /^
i^^^*^

III

~
1

^^f ^^x, *j;j

ur

was your experience with Ummul-Huwairith before

and her neighbour Ummul-Rabab in Masai."

''As
her,

v'

is

1^

literally

custom, habit, but the meaning of the

experience with 'Unaizah

resembled

his

line is that

his

two former

experience with the

mistresses.

Here the address

is

^>

obj. of time

8j^

This abrupt change of pronoun forms a

to himself.

figure of rhetoric, called

oUiJii)

u ^'i>-'

in the gen. case,

'

U^

0^-'=

).

being co-ordinate

V^i.^^-'V' iniM'POsitiun

(J'^0

with

^J^

o^l^*^) to ^

ft

" Wheu they stood up, the oduur of musk dififused from
them, was as the soft breeze of the zephyr, bringing with it the
smell of the clove.'^
li>o li

j^^

/^^

the dual form, the sub. being the two ladies mentioned in the

in

preceding

line-

apodosis to

with which

ol^

-i

'

'

in

it is

taking the place of the cognate obj.

the ace. case,

in

^'^'
&c., an adj. sent, to

" So the tears of

my

^>.

'-J^

6-^^

my

down ou my

my

uutil

love,

and r^i

on

breast,

wetted

tears

ace case being

j''>-;

either

'-^

or

<''

^3i

J^*^-*.

s:-///=j|/

z.

^i-

i*

.".

f^^'^

t:^*-^^

'-^'

" Behold, how many pleasant days have you

them, and especially the day at Darat-i-Juljul."
U-J^ ^

under,

belt/'

in the
j->j

10

'

eyes flowed

account of the tenderness of

my sword

^j^

combination of **^-^l

= not the

like of; i.e.,

being

the gen. case

in

above

/-i-^

all,

Here

especially-

^^ to i/"*"

(*-^i

VJ

f-^i

^'

syent with

''* is

may

expletive

also be io

the uom. case; ^^ beingarel. pron., and >* subj. of rel. clause being sup5
J
The former construction
pressed, the senteuce in full being (j:! J'* ^i^ ^ .
is

preferable.

nation) to

'*

''*L>i

s //^T

''

And

for the

may

also be in the obj. case, being_/-i-i*J (obj. of expla-

=t/^ thing.

the day

maidens.

=//

on ivhich

I killed

::/|

my

/n

riding camel for food

Then how pleasant was

their

divid.ing

riding camel's saddle, which had to be carried on their

the

camels.'*

Darat-i-Jiiljul

areas follows:

women

followed the

name

the

and the events which happenedthere

of a pool,

Uuring the .course of his love

down

of his tribe

affair

with 'Unaizah, the poet

pool to

to the Darat-i-Juljul

women were

obtain

he hid their
clothes, and refused to return them unless the women came out singly and
asked him for them. For a long time they refused, but were at last
compelled to do so, the last to leave the water being 'Uuaizah. The
an interview

Whilst the

with her.

bathing,

then reproached him for his behaviour, and complained of hunger

He, therefore, killed his riding camel, which
of their long fast.

women

on account

Having, therefore, none of his own to ride on his

ate.
way back to the encampment of the tribe, the saddle, etc., of his own camel
was divided by the women among themselves for carrying; in parts on their

they cooked and

camels, he himself falling to the lot of 'Unaizah, with

whom

he insisted on

riding on her camel.

co-ordination to

in

*!:-''

are indeclinable

t-j'-"^-*,

nation offered puts

^^^^

sentence in

in the previous line,

in the objective case

for, as

full

and in the objective case.

final

'

is

case

by ^"i

'

a substitute for

Another expla-

( = mention) under.

O" of the

1st person

the

J,

^i= O my wonder, come

being j*^^^ c5^.

(this

is

the

for you).

ji^-^

12
"

however,

is,

in the ace.

it

Here the

^.

time

It

it.

nouns denoting point or period of time, when followed by a sentence

rule, all

as

same case as ^y,

in the

ought to have been

^y.
being

for

JJ

i^^

^^ ^.j

.'.

^i^ j

0.4

J^ ^^ k^'

^i

wonder at its being unsaddled after that it was

wonder for the slaughterer {i.e., the poet

saddled; and

himself), regardless of his

J(iaA/o

(literally)

0/

s/^
..

^'

own

interest."

= extravagant.

zj

0/

/o /

into the

kettle

and her

2//

Then the maidens commenced throwing her

Jlesh of his camel)

flesh

fat like

(i.e.,

the

the

loose

fringes of white twisted silk round the lean."

Some

translate the line thus

her flesh at one another

" Then the maidens remained throwing

&c.

KS^^^^
(^^

"

(o^^*^) tof^.

co-ordinate

And

(oiicofthe'*'^l^-"J^*^J"),tIiepiT(l. Ijcmj: the

suhj. toiJ-'^

&c.

noiit. iifi^'^ji

/^

o/

o ///

and she

nie to travel on foot.'

said,

Woe

J,/'^^ ^i-*

appos. (J**-?)

in

i^=^

J^J ^

15

being

tj^^S^

you

//

howdah

will cause

with

V*"-

to carry the double burden.

feminine proper noun, but here

a poetical license (_r*^''

i,y

to you, verily,

"

She feared the camel would be unable

o^^A!

If

the day, on which I entered the howdah, the

of 'Unaizah,

8_yi-*^

.J

/n

/rt/j/n

''^J^j'^

it is

made

J "^^l.

LfJ'-"*'-

'^-'^*

'

'^^^^^

Jl-^^'i'Jj

1=^^-*-^'

JjflJ

''She was saying, while the howdah was swaying with us,
"
'you have galled my camel, oh Tmra-ul-Qais so dismount.'
;

in

^V gives a transitive signification to

^*' in the ace. case being ol^^-"

The

J in

J^^^.

of

'

So

repel

me

"^J

is

Jf^ljlj

common

J '-*

z^.-^*-^^^ ).

(_j.il-^^.

(^whilst).

gender.

said to her, 'go on,

and loosen

from your i-epeatedly tasted

Apparently Imra-ul-Qais wished to

his reins,

fruit.'

and do not

"

kiss her, or take other liberties.

/o/-e,/n/

/O/

" Let the young camel be, and show it no pity for our riding
it
and come let us taste your fruit like an apple."

together on

Wi

C5^^* fem. sing, from e

r;.t.ve(^*-
'*

noun with the

signification of tlie impc-

,-").

iccoudarv dative ohj

and cf-^ direct

obj. to t^^i'i

'

"For many a

ivoman like you, oh 'Unaizah, I- have

pregnant or giving suck, and I

beautiful

and

visited at night

she ivas

have diverted her thoughts from her child one year old."
^^*"* in the gen. case, governed by
i^^*=^

^_^ in

and

CU5^j5(iJ apodosis to

j*jUj
f*-*

^i

Vj

and J^^**

(^f'i literally

Vj

its obj. "*

(^

W^

''When he

^J understood.

adj. to

i3^

Ls'^'^J

him with one-half, while her

was not tui'ned away."
t5*~*

jJ_y"j*J

apodosis to
pass.

"

(3^,

'*

'

UJ^

('

its object

^^/o

not fulfilling

J L^'j

of time

^^). ci>j<>A->
*ftia.

'j

subj., i/^"* pred.

my

lso

= one oath

( ii)

of a sandhill she

desire

adj.

made excuses

and swore an oath

'-^^

'

to

<-J^)-

= she proved refractory

;

active,

unders.

made no exception."
^"^Ji obj.

Kj Ix li

= which she did not turn away),

One day on the back

me for

l-fr^J-a-

grown up.

behind her, she turned towards

other half was under me, and

^^

'

are

adj. sent, to (3'*'

Another reading
sent, to

&c., an adv. sent, of J^-*- introduced by

'^O'^

when they

^ >^9j-Ai

.*.

child cried

^/le

undeis.

means, 'possessed of charms,' or 'amulets.' The Arab

children wear charms, which are removed

19 J^^-

unders.

the gen. case, being adj. to ^-^"^

in the ace. case being

to

me.

(J^^

J^*fi-=

to

which she

(JlUs-'^J Apt., adj. sent, to

(= which was uot

J-l'^''^-'

to

*Ala.^ Ia

moditicil with

unders. Another reading

ohj.

its

any reservation);

pass. adj. sent.

i//

/O/:s0///

.x'aL

OjO

0/0/

n/

O//

''Oh, Fatima, gently, put aside some of this coquetry, and

you have, indeed, made up your mind

with me, then do it kindly or gently.

to cut off friendnhip

if

(^^^ 'Unaizah's proper name being

f may be

apocopated),

being

^^^ ij^^^

This

line

is

left

**J=^

its '^ *

with

(^^'^c.?^^'* (vorative

It

is

or

it

may

''^

read with

be

an example of ^^.^-^""j by which both

the hemistiches

rhyme.

^4< intheaec.

case being c5^-^^ Jj*-^^ to

Another instance of otaiJil

cs-''4'<=

'

unders..

[vide line 7).

r-

/ /

"Has anything deceived you about me,

killing
it will

that your love is

me, and that verily as often as you order my heart,,
do what you order."

The

commencement

the

at

appeal, or (j-^^^^-'

<Jj^ '^>

<-^

in

is

to

subj.

is

the

of

of

question

interrogative,)

the two following noun sentences

and

C5-1'J

stripped of

Jussive, being

/o/

And
2

^^

iJj^\=-

if

^j^

(J,

intrqduced by

(ji'

pred. after o'.

the obj. case being subj. after

t^^'^^J

*'

f^-^^^^^, (confirmative

is

The nom.
'-^>=>'

of this line

and

^*^

c;

'

and cJ-^ the pred.

ends vuth ^^,

botli

being

{^^ ).
((*j>^)

and *'^^ respectively^^

any one of

my

^./

3/

j/

habits has caused you anuoyauce,

10
then put a\yay ray heart from your heart, and

it

pat

will be

away/'
me my

Give

i.e.,

heart again.

V^-^ here means "heart." See ^J^ in Johnson's Persian Dictionary.

Originally "clothes/' hence "the body enclosed," aad tken "the heart.'^
u^jl*oOi5
referring to

pred, after '-^j the subj. being the implied pron. in

&(..^

->"^

/^'^i^-^

CF^-^ apodosis to

introdaced by

(i>l,

-i.

Some

may

t5-^-^>=you

read

get rid of love.

2nd pers.

f'em. sing,

"

me

And yonr two

o/

AO/

O/

O/

-/

o/

o///

eyes did not flow with tears, except to

with your two arrows in

my broken

sti-ike

heart, conquered

by

love,'*
are of course glances from her eyes.

The two arrows

Here the allusion

is

to the

game

of 7-~'i*-"

camel (^.3_>^) was

slaughtered and divided into- ten portions, for which the players contended
by casting bladeless arrows, marked with portions to be won. Here, by

meant the two

the two arrows are

called

and

ij^^*-*-'!

^r^i'j'

'

the former

winning seven ami the latter three portions, and thus the two together the

whole.

^j^JJ'J

ment

of

J,iax! also

2nd
of

pers. fem. g'en. sing.

<-^-i^*5

''

A.nd

many

o/

J n-/

"J

He

I jf

///

a fair one, concealed heliind the purdah, whose

playing with, without hastening

= wj

under the Govern-

pieces.

tent cannot be sought by others, have

li?

= cut into
/ Oj,

num. stripped of

"

my

enjoyed myself by

departure/'

governing ^^i^. in the gen. case.

speaks of her as ^'^i^ (an egg), on account of her virginity, purity of

and keeping away from public view.

colour,

11

C^j^y

&o..

0-^^jt^

13

an

by

''I passed

adj. sent, to ''"^i-i

unahh

to assail

Another reading

'::^^^'*i,

&c., sent.

to

a])()(l()sis

VJ

^-i

and a people

sentries on wafch near licr,

tlie

desirous of killing me,

Ix'iu^

to^^.

adj.

they coxdd

if

me

my

couceul

tiiiirdcr,

opeJily."

^ji^<^i^^^

= I passed through doovs.

Also

i'l?*'

dangers.
Anotlier reading i^jj^i^-'

'>=>'

pi. of

J-^iJl

if tliey

could give publicity

i /j

27

U^:!^-^ adj. to j^*-^

7"1/

^t.^

^ /

f i.' t

*U)I j^_^j

to.

rzt '

o-<i^x3 *U~.'l

.-.

/:!

^il^^^

"'^

'-i'

''
T passed by these p?ople at a tiine, when tiie Pleiades
appeared in tlie heavens, as the appearance of the gems iu
the spaces in the ornamented g-irdle, set with pearls and gems."

<J..aAx

= divided.

Said of a bracelet or a necklace of pearls or precious

stones, between every tvpo of which a pearl of a different size or another

sort of

gem

is set,

i^j'-^

Infin. in the obj. case

''Then

came

to her,

being cog. obj. ((3^^'* J^*^^).

when she had taken

sleep, except /icr night garnaeiit;

th(^

off

her clothes for

and she was standing near

screen of the tent."

i.AJ

rr In

obj. case,

being obj. of exception

<J,i&i/c_tlie Wearer of a single

garment

^_^>^i^^^^)
(

(called

^*^

rjf

and

*i-^*
)

to cover

the body.

If

/r,///./

" Then she said

to

me,

'

r,

r,

swear by God, you have no excuse

12
for what you are doing, and T cannot expect that your erring

"

habits will ever be removed from your nature.'

may be

Either e^t-^

nom. case being

the

iii

= //

unders,
or

it

may

the

full

sentence being

^^

C^'^k'^),

expletively used

IS

(/'^

and

'>>^'*^

pred.

'li?-i*i (

= God's oatb

is

on me);

be in the obj. case being (S^^'^ J^*^^<N)y ^^^1-^ under.

*^-*.-=^subj.

cjl

'

is^ ^^

sent.,

Prose order

secondary

^^

pred.

obj. to (^cj

^'*.

'

"^'i'^*-'

LS^^^^

= device, stratagem,

aIaa. liter.

(^^)

with the negative

'cf^
*'

trick.

'

'

^^J

Excuse" seems

to be rather tbe

meaning here.
/

s:

"

1
'

n/

<i

/ / /

ij

jo//

f_

went out with her; she walking, and drawing behind us,
the. skirts of an embroidered woollen

over our footmarks,

garment,

to

erase the footprints."

/

Another reading is

t/*-*

'

,.

I walking, ^s'^''

'

and_^^ adv.

,.

sent. *i-"-=^ '^^^^

iS^j-^ = {a, garment), embroidered with designs of saddles, bridles, &c.,

on the

skirts.

*'j J in tbe ohj. case being

/o

"

'

z"^*

J>*^-*j
jO

obj. of place

/O/i.

Then when we had crossed the enclosure

middle of the open plain, with

hills,

^}

its

^'

'

->^^)-

o/ /:;//

of the tribe, the

sandy undulations and sand-

was sought by us."

{_f^*'^\

=carried us to the

side of.

Some commentators consider i^'*

expletive

being

( c;

/''////

^^'

others take

^**

for ^i<^*'^ transitive signification.

to be the apndosis of '-^

'to be co-ordinate to

^j lis ( = we were merry)

iA.lMa =: courtyard,

IS^ and

t^^

'

or the

any enclosed space-

Jft^a* adj. to *^-*^

like,

^O^'

>

under.

the J being

the apodosis to
;

^^

or the ne.Kt line.

13

''

drew

two sidolocks of her hend tuwariU me; and sho

tl\e

towards me

leant

slouder of

t(?as

.^7ic

waist, hut full iu tlio

ankle.'*
^^^'^ and
being of

tlie

^ij

^ij Fern, of eJ
lifjuid,"

the

in

^//

SI J

Thin-waisted,

ia.iS.^'C in

case being J''^

(^^)

II

^*^

she is

*'

virgin pearl of the

of the hne
8

is

[jlajl

O^

and
first

st/'^i J

abdomen,

tlie

('

'^f^

If

in

egg o/

first

pure

</^ under.

'^

--'
//j(^

ostrich

water, unsullied by

has nourished her."

it,

best of anything."

^-i may also be translated

water," in which case the sense of the second half

more apparent.
Past part. adj. qualifying
In the gen. ease being

'

to the subj.

I'^j

like the

many people

Is the "first

n/

j>

*''"

whiteness mixed with yellowness

the descent of

J /

not fat in

"/n complexion

gender,

...

'

common

breast) shining polished like a mirror/'

the nom. case being

E/^ji'

of

quenched," then "full of

is

wliite-s/tiwn("r?,

(^.e.,

'^5 &c., adj. sent, to is'^

"

thirst

//

^i'<i*

of the force of ^^ ^*-^-^

and

~ " one whose

'

fit."

her breast-bones

^J

-^-i-*^

and theu "

^

''

ficp.

measure of

U^-i-J-^

''i-"

'

tji^^/o

or ji^l under.

or iu the ace. case being

second, obj. of t-'l^.

|,^

^Q^

J'^^'^ ji-^

Another

mlj

sentence to^*^

(Pass, part.)

reading.

^i* in the nom.

a,j

^ referring

to it; or to the beloved,

referring to hei'-

l^ to y.^

lit.

"not descended into."

tJJ^'*^-!:.*:

case being adj.

(act.

to^r-?:*^;

part.)

= not sparing, not

or in the obj. case

stinted.

being obj.

of

" She turns away, and shows me her smooth cheek, and is
me from caressing her with a glancing eye, like that

prohibiting

of a wild animal, with young, in

That

tlie

desert 0/

Wajrah."

there was a frightened and at the same time a tender look in her

is,

eyes.
_^J^Uj

me

j_5.si3

with,"

" She intervenes with," &c.,

Also means:

Is ijj^i-'^j^,-^ for '^A^'-J and

ij^j

Another reading '^i-^^separated

-/j

'^

^?ifZ

wliich

i.e.,

"encounters

&.C.

is

jo^/

s/io;s

s/ie

iXJ;*1*

a neck like

the

disproportionate

neither

teeth,

neck of a white deer,

when she

raises

nor

it,

unornamented."
The neck of 'Unaizah was
wore an ornament round it;

V
U^-i-J

in

{_A^

'^^.

expletively used

&c., adj. sent, to '^i^

^?-

like the

neck of a white deer, except that she

with the

In the gen. case, being co-ordinate to

so also are f

/ /

and

f*^
n-

pred.

j^^

after

(jHr

and
n

(J-i-**

in the

preceding line

<3'"" in the following lines:

nf /o/

" And a perfect head of hair which, ivhen loosened, adorns

her back, black, very dark-coloured, thick like a date-cluster

on a heavily-laden date tree."

(^^J\i^yiyj
i,j'\

Adj. sent, to

? -^'

>^j^'>^ji^ for d.s.U^JjJ and

/o

_/j_rf

" Her curls creep upwards

y^^

to the

j^

top

0/

of her head,

_,

and

15
tliG

are lost in the twisted

plaits

{lit.

dinibled) hair,

and

lite

hair falling loose."

/

o lj_)-*a x:^=
twisted upwards
j_j.a>a:

and

;_?-''

^>

'^*^= pendent

JJ^^J ''^*

&C.

'j./'*''^*"'*'

in the puss.

eiirls.

^-*'

Adj. to

vJ"^.;"^

Anotlier reading
t,.

Another reading. *^

Ascending.

under.

(the pron. ^referring to ?j'))

fvn dj.

sent,

" And she meets me with a slender waist, thin as the twisted
leathern nose-rein of a camel, and a shank, like the stem of a

palm tree bending over jrom

^jaJ
to

^^

the weight of its fruit."

= the space between two joints of a cane or a bamboo,

Jl.'(i.*J

^--''

^^-^^'^

irrigated Papyrus, bent

^^SiMJ\

ls'*"^

'

Adj

unders.

'

adj. to

Some take

it

= clear

also

down by

LS'^J^

'

like

the

stem of the

under.

mean J' i'*-'

to

colour

in

saturation.

t/^-^

'

'

"-^

'

^'- C5 ^^^-"

V->-?J'^

stem of the Pa[)yrus growing among v\ ell- watered

bent down and sheltering it from the sun with its shade.

clear in colour like the

palm

trees,

i/

"In

tlie

O ^

ji/

n/

morning, when she wakes, the particles of musk are

lying over her

bed; she sleeps much in the morning

and

does not gird her waist with a working dress.-"

This

line

is

to express the ease of her circumstances.

^J

^^

c5y

obj. of place

/*^->

intensive agent from (*^;

cJ

of J.?-**j and equal to i-^

iS^ under., or

in

'

in

of

common

force.

gender, being of the measure

In the nom. case, beinp;^-^ to

the gen. case, being in apposition with ^*

d^aJiJ infin. of the 5th conj. from

the labouring classes

when

at

work.

<*--"^,

in ^4-* '^'

a loose single garment worn by

,Ji

jJjt^l

.'.

ii\^

(J,'-**"

^-^-^

_j.-bjt3

Ly^^J^

J.

" Slie gives with thin fingers, which are not thick, as if
of the desert of Zabi, aud soft as the-

they were the worms

tooth-brushes of the Ishil tree."

The Arabs
Henna.
LJ^^J
5^j^"

stain the tips of their fingers

adj. to

uJ

and t-^j

^jl^l

pi. of "

and nails a reddish colour with

understood.

^'^^ in the

nom.

a sort of

JJ*^'

case, being pred. (ji=^

worm found

after uo'.

in the sand, very white

in-

the body, with a red head.

_^jL^
the

name

of the tree from i\hich the

very soft

42

of'-^'_>*~*> a stick

pi.

used for cleaning the teelh;

i-^^"*^!

best " tooth-sticks"

having

are

J'M'i^ 't**'^ v!^-*-* 2j^a>c

UJI^ ,U*Jtj

.-,

|*llJaJ|

"In the evening she brightens the darkness,

the light tower of a mouk^ a recluse, which

evening

to

guide travellers

ij^'^ in the

^~.*a:

/o

?J^

is

* ^-J^

o.

is

were

in the

'i'

^/

.'.

the wise

her,

^j

/o

^jf^ (i^^

man gazes

jiji U'^'^^

i^-'i

incessantly,

well proportioned in height between th&

long dress and

medium

An

after CJ

(^-. ^.^^^-'t ^^ li!

like

when she

of

n-i/n

/o/

" Towards one

wearer of

as if she

is lighted

noun. = *''f 1, being in the evening.

J^^''

lovingly,

^,^2.3

."

nom. case being pred.

verbal

43

She

cut,

fibres.

the ivearer of a short frock."

stature.

infin. in

the obj. case being either

u;^ o^^

^:fi^

obj. of place

gj>>

= a long garment

'

J>?**

=a short frock.

^'

J^*-^"^! or

J^

17

" The foUiGS of

heart

men

removed

are

after their youth, but

expletively used in the prcd. after ijr^

r,j

45

13

_^ A3

/o/

//

j.51 J

(^U

^jjiAJ

"Behold, many a
reproaching me fvr

blame,
iS->^

y^

I
'

'

bitter contender, as

my

for you,

love

"'^^ an^l

iS^h-^J^-^

Vj

('^^

adj. to

it

s;

jff

t^jji ^wai, kjjil

were,

an adviser,

unfailing in

his

his reproaches."
.

a verbal noun, expressing intensity.

agent of the 8th conj. of

And many

j^y

who was

j_^i3j./o

a uight like a

upon me, with

curtains

o/

^i^j

(J3

..

have turned him back /?*om

apodosis to

<i<ij

^jj^j

jj o/

J '^*-'

"

my

not freed from your love."

is

all

^^

'

for^-^

wave

of the sea has let

kinds of griefs, that

it

down

its

might try

me."

Lf^^

Prose order
/O/

47

affected by

making the rhyme.

(Jxixj

"Then

/O/
.

/t

*(jj

of

object is^ under.

(^^Wv

ljls:-^l

I said to him,

and followed

loins

of J-!:^*3 i^^t the /^'^^ is omitted on account

Its

it

O^

/O/

o^>j' J

(i. e.,

.*.

/^^'^:'

the night),

// S/

''

/'

lij-^J

when he

.Oj/

"^^

stretched his

with his buttocks and removed distant

his breast."

V
By

for *-t>>*J, gi^'iog a transitive significafcion.

breast, the early part of the night is

buttocks, the latter

The

meant

by

loins, the

natural order here seems to be precluded by the

metre.
i

middle

by

i)art.

rhyme and the

18

/OjO

/o/

48

Jive IJ

Oh

*'

J^i^-

l^^

U_,

is

still

Another instance of ^.^'^^ vide

;

as

.-.

Jis^

il

jO^

(JiJjJaJ

JaU

lit 1/
I

lJ

long night, be brightened by dawn, but the

not preferable or su;perior to you in my opinion,

for the pain of separation

,*^

thou,

morning

O^^}-^

/o//jO;

n J

/
))

nom. being

in the

expletively used with

*'

What

continues the same.'"

line 21.

'ir^'* (^^o^-*.-*
<-^-^'*

'

vocative single.

(^^)

the pred.

after the negative

^'*'

a wonder you are as a night, a ?i?^/i^ whose stars are

were secured by ropes of hemp to a firm rock,"

it

The night seems long

to

him

the light of the stars

not paled by the

is

approach of dawn.

i:y

explanatory

y^y?^

hi ^J )

of

t-i"

ujl^^ &c,, adj. sentence to^-^i-'.

Here oi>^

or 8i>j<>'^

= secured),

the j*.^ after cji^

understood,

is

being obvious from the context.

In some copies, instead of this one

J

r,/

o zj

'1/

line,

j/

~j

there are two running as below

J-*

c/ f

r
"

wonder

for thee, a night, of

whom

the stars, as

firm with very strongly twisted rope to the

As though the
ropes of

jU/o

hemp
a^ij.

it

were, are tied

Plieades are secured firm at their position

to solid stones

to lJ^^ unders.

pred. sent, to ^-^J^

'^'^^^

if

Mount Yazbul.

jjred. sent,

(*'^ pi.

subj. after id

to

^ij^

'

by means

of

of a rock."

of ^^*'^ adj. tojf^'^ unders.

subj. after

^u^

o<>.i

19

"
its

AuJ mauy a leather water-bag of the people, I have placed

my shoulder, submissive, aud repeatedly saddled

strap over

wiih

it."

"^-^^

jy 3

&c., sont., apodosis to

and <-K^^
s;/^o

"And many
have

Vj)-

o_

0/ J

^"^l^

to

adj.

^>o//

o//

o/ o/o

//

a valley like the plain of 'Aer, a sterile desert,

I crossed, in

bler with a family

which the wolf was howling

like the

gam-

to siipport.*'

^i*

is

which
whose

explained in two ways

() a substitute to suit the metre, for its

who

name

of a

certain

for his infidelity

God

rendered waste and unproductive

synonym

j'*-=^

unbeliever,

belly contains nothing of which

j^

adj. to

^i^hi

'j

adj

(S^*-i

(i)

,^

the asa

made.

v..) )

adj. sentence to
.

is

apodosis to J

t^JiJlAj

any use

possessed a valley

sent, to V-^' ^'

-i

'j;

*?

being pred, and

V'*'*-'' subj.

^!i-l-^=A gambler who always loses the game

or one repudiated by

his family.

c// ^

'I

nj

said to him, {tUe wolf,)

small in the way of wealth,

///S

if

when he howled, our

U^ =:/', '^ being expletive.

^JuJlJj;)-^ adj. phrase, pred. after

Jj*^

pred.

mi

sent, to o^

jussive by

('

business

is

you also have never been pro-

sperous."

Jj*3 UJ

/x/j/jOjj

a syncopated

form of Jj*^-

20
/O/

/O/

0/O//O//

" If either of us

///

obtains anytliing

now boasting

is

/ /

makes away with it,

my cultivation and

lie

and he who cultivates after the wanner of

your cultivation will become thin."
He

iO/

him to keep

of his generosity which does not allow

anything.

IJ^^

subj. (I'i^^^

jj,ys:i

and

t-'

''^^J^J iS^j^
/o/

''And
were

^'^^>,

)Xi^>\ pred. sent, to

j"*^ jussive,

being

^j'^ and * '^^ respectively.

in the ace. case being (j^>-J^^

/ /

0/

in their nests,

on a

jO-

/n/

morning, when the birds

verily I started in the early

still

J^*5a3

//

Oj

well-bred, long bodied,

Jiorse

outstripping the wild beasts in his gallop."

^-'^^
'

'^j^'^
little

&c., adv. sent, of

adj. qualifying

huir," or " sharp

J^^

introduced by

c>v' under.

and vigorous

jOs j~

J '=,

'jLj.

means either "having short or

It

in pace."

^o^

o^

J-

../

../

"Attacking, fleeing, advancing, retiring, ivhichever I wish,

and jointly tvith all these equalities being like the boulder of
a I'ock, which the torrent has harled down from on high, in his
,

face, force, andinvnlnerahility.*'

^^^ and^^'^

are intensive

%,

adjectives

\;i^^

U>J

from_r^ and^'

^^.'^^ are agents from Conj. IV., in the gen. case,

so also are '^^.*^, ij^^'i^

Or
(

these adjs.

may

^*-*, j-^j'^

C-^"^

in

be in the nom. case, being pred.

t'>^) >* undor.

*^=^; &c.,

and

alj. sent, to

^j*^^

being
the

while

t-^-J^-*

and

adj. to 'i^^'*'*

following

{j-i^

lines.

to the subj.

21

''Of a bay colour; hois sucliiliatha causes the nuinuah to

slip off

the middle of

falliuf^

ram

J Jc^

'^r-'

j3.iVl

= anything

Jj^

'

j made trans- by

and the

back, as a smooth

stone

= the numnah

(intran.)

for

'^i'^*-'^

slips,

&e.

).

j^-^^j'i^^

qualifying

alighting. Adj.

^^.-^^

like under.
/

j"'/ jj")'

'1

" In spite of

his thinness,

he

/_o

J./

is

very

z.

Some read V^*-'

(from u^'-^ to

adj.

and when the

snorting

his

is

as

boil or

become

excited).

==in spite of successive gallops.

l?

'

'/

n-

s ^1

'

"in spite of."

i^'^^=^ "contrary to,"

-^) intensive

lively,

heat of his temperament boils over in him,

the boiling of a kettle."

t/*

causes the

'^h*^

&c., adj. sent, to

Another reading

liis

to slip off."

<-^^^^ is^^ pred. to (*[y*' subj. after cjl^.

o

,s /j"^

58 J^jJl

/o

cyi

/o//

/j ^

^xJ(jjUaJI ^Ji\

/
.-.

/'~>

' /

^^iyi

'

-I

'

z.

cU-fUJI

lil^.^

" At full gallop, at a time when the swift horses, on account of fatigue, raised up the dust oa the rougli ground
beaten by their hoofs."
i, e.,

the other horses, from fatigue, dragged their feet along

the ground.
-* intensive
ot-^Jl^Jl

l/jO

adj.

sbj.

/O

= pouring
I

forth in his galloping.

.xi^^), the pred.

O/

O/

(^^) being the

/

sent- cLr^',

J /j

&e-.

The light boy slips off his back, and he throws away the
garments of the heavy rough rider."
''

22
The wind, made from the speed

of his

gallop

carries

hat and

off the

cloak of his rider.

*:!'^*^
( for
)

gives trans, signification to

Another reading

"

"-^^

'

j*^*-"

'

J>:!

He

two hands with the connected

Ojji"^ a

causes the light boy to

slip-

spun

string, has

it

well."

the top species, consisting of a small piece of

child's toy of

skin, attached to

the top of a child, the successive working

V^ery fast, like

of his

(s^-

On

which are two strings, joined together.

the

strings

being pulled with the fingers the top turns round very rapidly.
j'

&c., an adj. sent, to

^0/

"

He

^0

0/

iJjj^.
J

//

f)/

//

/_,/

has the flanks of a buck, a.ndthe legs of an ostrich, and

the gallop of a wolf, and the canter of a cub."

*'

pred.

{j^^)

to

the

subjs.

(^>^^^,)

l^'-",

^^',

s^^j^

and

''Well shaped, voiili thick hones and strong sinews: if you

stand behind him, he shuts the place between his thighs
from view, with a tail, ample, hanging a little above the earth,
ivhlch does not incline to
iA.jii^Ma

Ay,

o.A.^1

li

ti^

adj. to

(jiJ*

diminutive of 0->*

V^

one side
complex

{or is not crooked)."

adj. sent, to

^^'^

i under.; so also the sent. Jj^':!

obj.

of place

i^r^-

(cJ^-'' <^^^)

expletively used with the pred. after c/'--'

2;^

/O/

^1 1/ O/

j/ J

//

O/O

=1

// j/

/ i /

*' As if, when be was standing in front of the house, his back
was the stone on ivhich theij grind up mush for the perfuming
of the bride, or the stone on which they break up the colocynth

poJs."
^*J^

in

the ace

{^^^\^j^)

being J^-*, and

case

'^i-*-'

(^ '^^

'

of

obj.

place

to I* J 15.

^-^'i^-^and ""i-^

Another reading

in the

nom. case being pred-

Mi

l5*^''

<i/e

^^JjAiJI

(^^

^ji

after cjl^.

ej(^= As though the

top of his loins, ^^hen he inclines to a side (or when

it,

the top, comes to

view) were, &c.

Another reading of the

= As

if,

Here

on the two sides of

bis

is

^'^^^^

when he

loins,

l<i

'

*-^'

(i^^^Ol

shovvs his

sides, or

^>}i

leans

side, there is the stone, &c.

on a

cj

hemistich

first

-^

'

'^'^

and *J^'0 are in the

the pred. being

tiJ-J;^**-'

'

<i^

obj. case,

being subj. ((**'') after

/ /

,.

,.

Another reading 'iir^^=yellow and

ripe colocynth; also *'^lr^

= smooth-

ness or clearness.

i /J

"As if

0/

0/

j/ /j

in

combed white

His overtaking the van of the herd

at his

leaders of the herd on

the blood of the

were the juice of Henna

I //

his

neck

hair."

indicates his holding the

whole herd

mercy.

f^^^^i in

:z

the obj. case, being subj. after cj'^ the pred. being ^j ^'^^
'

/j

^j

//

j/

zi

f /

so

/ '

z.

'

" Then there appeared to us a flock 0/ wild sheep, the ewea

Duwar in long trailing robes."

of which were as the virgins of

24
J 'j -i name of an
is^Ui ^^\^^ ^c.,

iSJ^^

in the

* ^'^ plu. of

old Arabian idol.

adj. sent, to V-T**-

nom.

?*'^'.

case, being pred. after

Here

-li>>"<:

ot^.

agrees with ^^-^ which

is

masculine

in form.

Oj/o/

j/

for flight,

and were

"They turned round

z,

0/0/

/jo

/o/ o//

as the shell clearly

gems), on the neck of a hoy, whose

relations on both sides are distinguished in the tribe."
{or variegated hy

marked,
The

flock

^*"0

lit.,

was composed of black and white sheep.

having a paternal uncle from

uncle from

'^i the

distinguished.

^y=^

Both

meaning being that

adjs, qualifying

mean

J.?^"* having a maternal

',

is^

on both sides were

under.

a black and white shell; and /'^i^ cl.ofl*Jl either = separated by

is

other interposed gems which set them

to

(*^

his relations

that the markings on

it

advantage; or

it

would appear

distinct, the colours

not running

off to

were

into one another.

"

He

caused us to overtake the foremost ones, while besides

them were those which remained behind

in a crowd, which did

not disperse."
The horse overtook

the foremost of the flock, before

had time

it

to

disperse,

Another reading

= near him

is '"'j'i

the horse).

^.J'^J^&c.adv.sent. of J'-=^, introducedby

place,

J^^tj'j.

^h ^

and pred. (^^=^); ^^j^^y^ subj.

ij'C'

^j3

either

;" in a

herd"

or " in a clamour.
/

(^O- ('

adj. sent, to

^^

'j^

Syncopated form of J-iy^

obj.

of

25

"

killed ouo after tlio otlior, a

Jit'

aud he did not break

washed."
tiiein,

'i'-f-

ill

'

(^^J

tlie

ot)j.

^^ )^

ace. case beiiiLr O^'^'^

of place
infinitive

ill!

u ^-^

<ij^

'

used as

'^

J^*^^

"Then

cA-~*^* Jussive, being in co-ordination to

orai>odosi.sto

a cow, overtaking

l)ull ;itid

into a sweat tluit he should be

t)iit

^'^H ^'

(being

*J~*:! |*^^

',

unders.

p'^'':! c) i

the dressers of meat were, a pa?-^ of them, bakingia line, and another part wore

slices of roasted lueat placed

boiling qnickly in the kettle/'

^wiA.A3 ^^j.j

^i'^^ in

tlie

^K ^p^

.^

prepositional adverbial plirnse pl'ed. after

/^l

gene, case lieing

o^^-ax to

ill
A^
yJ,'en.
^i'^'* ubj. of f^""*
aud coordinate to '-^h^'^ j which also admits the gen. case,

^^

y.^)

70
"

''^'C

to -s'^^'*

.-.

returned in the eveninus :uid

appreciaiti

liis

the upper part

'

ei

'--^^ to

^^'^

as

being

J-S'-J /-i^ (j*^*-^ lc?;J^'= (^i-^;

We

case being

'Ik'

^^

^^^ under.

beaut ij

it

^j-^h

tle

->>^-'

was lowered,

.i

'<-J

l-'>^j

eye almost failed

when the eye was

for

of hiui,

/Jj

Z^cmgr

raised to

/o

see

attracted by the

ht-anty of the lower part."

^^i&c,

adv. sent, of

yij'^^'^^i pred.

6y

.sent,

J'^.
to

>i

and <-l4~J arc jussive,

Syncopated foiins ui C^^- and

^:f

beini;

^j^ and *V^"

'-*-*'.

icspcetively aftei L5*-*

26
Another reading
/Oj /o/

"

He

(Jfl-^3.

n n/

s.

jj

jj n^

*lf

It

paased the night with his saddle aud bridle on him

my

passed the night standing in

he

ejesight, without beiug sent

to the stable.^''

'J

''

and j^.^

the ace. case being

in

r=^j'M /.aI* &c., adv. sent, of J'-=^

'-^^

^^J'^ and

'"'*

^^ being

and ^^}^

subj.

pred.
a:/

0//0

o//

_j

s:_o/

//

is

^^J' ^j

remains with

'i

from

V^^'*^ either

^^

}^

Auother reading
^

'

or

^^^

'^J

in

oil
/

\zA^} J
t

An

= considered
tii^^

it

U =
I

.!=J;i~.'

as of

Harith.

assist

me

in seeing a lightning.

'

/ /

/ /

ij

lamps of a monk, w^ho has

or, like the

the well-twisted wicks."

/

Jb

k^\^} b

adj. sent, to

Another reading

'

'

'

" Shines the glory of it,

j.j1^a5 in

snppressed, aud so

being under.

'

<iy. is^^ ^s^^

=i

'dipped' in the

oon^truction.

V being

final

tij-^

crowning, encircling, or flashing with lightning.

Auother reading

J lji.J b

'^ the

V'-=^

i. e.,

adj. sent, lo ^^ji-

interrogative

-'.

^-^-^

own '^^^

its

/^j./c_j (JIjj

jjlit

crowned clouds,"

in the thick collecting

{^y

my companiouj do yon see the lightning, the glittering

am showing you like the flashing of the two hands

" Oh,

of which I

^l^

J,

'e)

V"*

'-i

'j

j>J

I/O

An

example of inverted

= did not spare the

oil,

used

it

lavishly,

uo value.

gen. case, being co-ordinate to

^-

in the i)reccdiug line.

27
Or

in

tlio obj. r:iso,<-^ l)cing iiiul.;

fo-onliiiiite

!5i-*-w;

to

or with

or

in tlio iioiu. case,

word

implii-d

tlie

l)cmg sub), to {^'^i

hy ^'^

(jiialiruMi

>

the

precediiii^ hno.

"I

down with my companions waitmg for

sat

between

and

Zdrij

after regarding

'Uzaib

rain

the

lightning

tlie

attentively."

ty^^**

(pi.

of V'=^''*) in the nom. case, being co-ordinate to the implied

1st pers. pron. implied in '^'^*^

observing attentive!}'. (^

**

'^

'^

syncopated form of the past tense

observation, was

'^*'^

It= i^^^ ^^^

under.

^*-^- is

= my

(ver. no.)

interpreted also thus

It, the

'^'i

**-*

^*-^.

my

cloud, the object of

is

earnest

far.

Another reading

my

expletive and ks^'^

'*

^-^

= (distance)
^*J

=0

being

in the obj. case

(_5

>5 '**

with

great was the distance of the object of

earnest observation.

jT/

'

" In looking

o/

j/1/

/J^

(^^1

// ^^/n//

/x

Jj>>'i jlJ^-- 1(^1^ .^-j|j

75

.*.

Ox

//

(h'*"'

^:'

liJ^^

//
CS'^'^

for the rain, ive guessed tliat the right of its

downpour was over Qatan, while the

and beyond it upon Yazbul."
These places are very

left of it

far apart, hence the

was upon Satar

magnitude of the storm

is

described.

C^i

sub.,

^^*

is^^ pred.

Another

reading

/ /

^^^'^

is^^

It

then =

As,

we guessed

observation of the lightning and other signs of rain,

its

right

from the

downpour

topped Qatan, &c.

(Jj

<i>J

^^^sK

is

o_^^x/c jxi.

fo,. ti,g

}jgig

JxfiJ

necessity of the rhyme.

^-^ J

j^j^^i

^U

ijut

liere

used

as

28

" TAe storm coinmenced pouring out

its

waters over Kathai^

ovei'turning u^jou their faces the big trees called Ivanah-

fall,

bul.
e;^3i

pi.

'^

of i^'

The upper branches

a chin,

lit.

of the tree

is

what

the word signifies here.

~j

Another
of r;uning

J^ C^

*^-^'

reading

and also **^^ J'^ i^*

<r~J pred. after 1^=^*^

0/

from what

Ojn J

collects

afc

each interval

from each water-course.

V-^e adv. sent, of

'

~j

in/

to *U-".

^-^^

//

/ / z,/

" Then there passed over the hills of Qaud:i from the spray
that which was so very violent that it caused the wild
it,
goats to descend from every haunt in it."

of

He

describes the violence of the storm.

f**^* pi. of f**^*

'

gazelle or a

mountain gnat, whose fore-legs are

white above the pastern, or of a colour different from that of other parts.
/O/
Oj
J./ /
Another reading of the first hemistich ^^".r-f J^^-^'C.'* W^-?:-"?:' 4^^'

=
its

"It

settled

on

it.elf

Busj-an

7nou7it

at night."

^^ y.^s^^

placed

breast, like a camel.

ii)

^ ?

a dipt.(J_r'^-^'*^'!:-^) for

(o^'^A/o)^ by a poetic
/o /

"And

Taimaa

at

standing, and

*-J:*^-=

and

cJ

',

but here used as a triptote

license.

j;

it

^j

/o/.

n_,n/

/o/

did not leave the trunk of a date tree

not a building except those strengthened by

hard stones."
*'*^5

in

the ace. case bein;0^~^^-"^^0'*'

^-i*'-' cUfi.i

^x*
J-

e^

pfon. ^^ referiiyg to

it.

t},e ^,g^jj
l^J:'*--'

ij-yj ^j
adj

to

j^
*-*-^

J:^

'->J^*}^ ,^^

diverted from
'

under,

it

to

d^^^J^

govern the

"As
one of

of

it is

affected by

p'- of ^^.^ i

<-^0

ij'^^< being an adj.

but

Another reading >^ j

sities of its

"As

(j,>-iJ

'

>i

l^>

especially the

should have h^en

(plalifyinti:^?;<^^

proximity to

its

rain was a great

its

cloak/'

in a striped

the prominent part of everything,

iK-?:-*,^^

of the nose.

downfall of

tlie first

wrapped

people,

pi.

!j,-''Lr''

biiilg^e

Tliaboer at

if

tlie

'^'^

in the

nom.

case,

^-ilj

whicli is in the gen. case.

^^^^

=z As

if

Aban

in

the diver-

showers.

summit of the peak of Mujaimir

tLe morning the

if in

bj reason of the flood and the

round

dt;bris

it,

were the whirl

of a spindle."

Another reading

*^.^*-'

^j"^^ obj. of time

Ai,i.f

preil. after i^

81

<J*'=*-'

"And
goods,

V '^^-^
cZouf?

</i6

{i,e.,

>

'

'

'^^-^

'

>^j-

).

iSJ"^ being the subj.

C5

L5^ 'i-'

'

J^->^

.'.

^-^ '*; '^^e*-'

'

* 1^3='^

Jj.-'}>

poured out on the desert of Ghabeet

rain;) and

it

resembled the arrival of

its

Yemaui mer'

chant with his trunks loaded vntk rich clothes. "

The

desert

(J J-)"*

"As

became bright with grass and

in ace.

if in

case being

(jl-^^'*

J^*Aa3

flowers.
.

the morning the small birds of the valley Jiwaa had

taken a morning draught of old, pure, spiced wiuo."

30
Spiced wine

The

is

supposed to

birds were, as

it

^i'^^ dimin. of l*^^ obj. of time,

pred

(U^-

'^

As

sent, after u;li

if in tlie

fui'thest parts of

u'^^Jr-'

t^^J

pl- of (S^.j^ obj. of

obj. of

'^'

time

<-ij^)

evening the wild beasts

it, (i.e., tlie

pred. after

o '-^j-^

U^

'

in it

valley Jiwua,)

They were covered with sand and

t^'V

'

of the wild onion."

h^^

on tne conversational powers.

hfive great effect

were, intoxicated with delight.

dirt.

^^

o^-^ )

disowned in the

were the root-bulbs

^j^a^aJi

UJiiUJl

THE SECOND POEM.

Ascribed to Tarafah, son of 'Abd-il-Bakri, from tlic tribe of
Tarafah is his title, and his name is ^Anir-

Bakr-ibn-Wuil.

bin-ul-'Abd, and he also was one of the poets of the days of

Paganism, and he lived after the time of Malik-ul-Zillcel, the
writer of the
It is said

first

Qasidah.

about the origin of this poem

brother Ma'bad reproaclied him with

the poet's

tliat

neglecting the camels

and allowing himself to indulge in poetical

Ma'bad one day said to him tauntingly, " Can you
recover the camels by virtue of your poetry, should they ever
be lost ? " The poet assured him thnt his poetry would never
Ma'bad, in order to try him,
fail to recover them when lost.
neglected the camels, which were carried away by some people
The poet wrote this poem, applying to
of the tribe of Muzar.
'Amru, Qiiboos and a chieftain of Yaman for their assistance, and
thus succeeded in getting the camels back, besides a hundred
head more as a reward.

of

his

father,

reveries.

The metre
that of the

of this

first

poem

f.n^

the second of c1j_^J

Ai^9 also

is

the same as

the same.

j^^/

n//

/"^

nj

n/i

j^U

^^^'C
^J^xi

is

poem; the

^\x

r>'o

J^"

IftAJ

^i^li^

^j^^ ^^J^^

/O

.>

j^Uilft.^

<}j'->

^JU

^J^^^

J/

/o/

J^*i
u^J'^^

s
1

" There are traces of Kholah in

the stony,

Thahmad, which appear like the marks, (/i7.

on the back of the hand."

ii_y^

sandy plain of

/(3j/i((i/i6-.)

of tattooing

32
KlioUh

name

is tlie

of his mistress.

Traces refer to the marks

in the first

^^j^

^h"^

left

near a former encampmnnt of her tribe, as

poem.

read with ^^'^^, being yJ^'^^'^'ji^

pred.

^-k

^^^j adj. sent to

sul.j.

J ^-^

'

on account

In some copies the second hemistieh r-uns thus

>o /
/ O
/
J
SJJ] ^J
^S.j\
(^^j|lfJ o-iiJs= Where

making

weep

others

till

and (*^>

ot'^^-'^-'

'>J^^^).

'

the next day

remained weeping aild

on account of the

of

reininiscences

the past.

"

My

comrades, stopping their camels there

not die of
This
jjwAaJ

is

but bear

grief,

it

bravely.*

a remarkable example of

i,jjQ

*j-Is

and

>>j 'j^-'

'

or ^^ ) 'j*"

came by a happy chance

was suspected of having misappropriated the

evidences that he said the

line o:i

'

the very same

The two poets

to say the

rhyme, independently of each other.

differing in the

me, say, do

iiear

"

same

line,

line,

only

that Tarafah

It is said

and had to prove by

diiy as

Imraul-Qais, but iu

a different place.

/C

<i '^

/o/

c5'<^^i

''

As

v_a^

(^jo

if

l_yiJ tj

^0/ j^

I
^^J;fl.o

/o

bj^ Z ^*^

'

/
^*^-

the Malikiau

^/ ny

(j llii.

>

j/

'>

^^'

camels,

..

'*

^"^

(i.i

in
^"

'^^

z.

d AX J

J J

=ul f

0..a.
-^ ,

^^1^

f^l

UJ

'^"^^ ^'*-

'

"''-^

//
'^^

with the howdahs on the

morning of her departure iu the water-tracts of the village of

Pad, were the big ships of ^Adoal, or the vessels of Ibni
Ydmin, which the sailors at times steer out of the straight
course, and at times guide straight."
I /

town on the shore of the Persian Gulf, where ships used

The poet compares the camels travelling to ships' tacking,

Jj*^-" a small
to be built.

jc>A.

pi.

of

^ *>>

a camel's hovvdah for the conveyance of

women.

In

33

k^

the obj. case, being subj. ((^') after uj'^; prcil. being

nom.

the

in

case.

The
with

^^/o Ji^ I^JJ

'^'^

prepositional jjhrase

tj

y(.g

^ij],

not

anil

iut^

a'AjjiXc j (i,e ggn. case, being adj. qualifying liri***

-^c, adj. sent, to

^^O^^"
o

*'

^ji>a

/-/ //

^ o /^jj

u^^-*.
/j

J"^/

j/

Their bows cleave the ripples of the sea, as the divider of

the saud-heaps separates the dust with his hand.'*

Jjlflxj agent,

game

Some
players

for each player

the

is

This

^-JiV

buried in a heap of sand, the

The heap

staking similar amounts.

one of the players, (called the ^i

called

small article, such as coin or ring,

all

game,

conj.) to play the

from ^i^* (3rd

played somewhat as follows

is

^^

heap the

i)layer in wliose

of sand

number

into a

is

then divided by

of smaller heaps

article is

one

found wins the

stakes.

This line

is

an instance of the defect

repetition of the

same rhyming word,

in

'^^'
'

rhyme, called t^^i^^,

or the

used with the same meaning

within 9 lines.
0/

"

And

J o/ o

j-i

/j

in the tribe there

i.s

/o/ o jjo/

one like a

young

0/

fcj^

'

-7* ^^"^

U^^i&c,
ej

>i

^ subj.
/o/

"

doe,

adj.

and
/

^j*^

is

'

O^^^ ^J^

JJ

and

"^-^

(HI

cJ ^

i-S.

gazelle, with

deep-coloured lips, shaking the ArdJc tree to obtain

but wearing double strings of pearls and emeralds."
The prose order

^J$J

its

fruit,

the ne.vt line) adj. to (j

*>

sent, to ^J^^^.

ls^
/

'c5* pred.

who has

loft

/J

her yowig, and

^ /o/

is

/j s

jf

grazing with the

34
herd in a dense grove, eating the edges of the
trfee^ and clothing {or covering) herself with

fruit of the

Arak

i^*L>^ &c., Jj'-^"^ &c., and is"^/' obj. sents.

JjAi*. either =

'that leaves

its

leaves/'

Jj<^^.

to

her young behind to join the herd;' or 'that

lags behind or keeps aloof to attend her young.'

'^

like

And

she

srailiDg with her

is

a jessamine blossoming in a

deep red

damp

lips,

and shows

teeth

situated in

sand-hill,

the midst of a plain of pure sand/'

whose

Lit.

i.e.,

Her smiling

adj. to

'

^jj^^ adj. to
\.&:jki

Rather hard on the

somewhat doubtful compli-

^^^ under.
'.^^

''

=in

U^<^

the meantime.)

snbj. of J^^-*

The prose order

(J/OJ.J

sand-hill of

{=jessandne) under,

'

subj. after uj'^; pred.

being

= ^eriooi'/J under.
mnst here be translated "situated

(J-^^

^ibjkt

for a

in line 10.

iS*'

lSJ^

damp.

is

an oasis in a sandy desert.

The poet makes araends

rest of her face.

ment

ihe jessamine's) sand-hill

lips are as

l_^ji.

>.*)b

adj. parenthetical

clause to

is

*>;)

'*h^

-^-^

ij^

'.

Ij^J^^*

of the latter part is u^-^O JJ-^"*

'^'<'^-'

growth

An

in the midst of ;"

= Ji^) as

if a

jessamine with blossoms, whose

situated in the middle of pure sand,

jo.SlJ

*.'_j

<-J\j^'1 cj!^

=i*of

.'.

(JijtiJ

J)

is

damp

her tooth.

^_y-*^J

ijljl

^ia.

"The rays cf the sun have watered her teeth all but her
gums^ which are smeared with collyrium, while she does not
eat

{lit.

bite)

anything against the collyrium so

as

its colour."
/

'j!, tjl
*^

'^'

r.

or

**:!'= light, beauty, or ray. Plur.

in the ace. case,

being

(^J.i<

i^the

^^
'

or *S!l.

object of exception).

to

affect

35
The prose onlcr
>*)lj _flAc|

^,^

AaU:

"

And

manth

^)

-//_/

("^^

is *-h^'<=

a pass.

(*^

sent of J^-=^

^^ly

/Ox

'^'

iiitrotluced

//

'-^-I.

'^*>^-!

sent, to *^

atlj.

!)>

'=''

0/0/

'j 'j

-//

/ Oj;

o //

she smiles with a face, as

upon

of hrlyhtness

if the sun bad thrown his

pure of colour, which is not

it,

wrinkled."
^^'j

being co-onl. to

in the gen. case,

(^'

^j^*^} Icjl^ &c., and oo.s'^^J adj. sents. to

^^-'

ijf^ adj. to

''^^

" Aud
presents

is

''."/.

my

=/''

."-''

time

grief at the

it

the help of a thin carael^ swift iu its paces,

by night and by day."

travels

j_5.wa/o

//

/o

by

itself,

on account of

>

as for me, verily, I banisli

The meaning

^^J

{0//jj/

which

u^

&c., pred. sent, after

'

in line 8.

'

is

that he follows his mistress

aorist of 4th

Bend away, to repel.

from

conj.
It

may

on such a camel.

His grief

from her.

his separation

to go, hence to cause to go, to

l?'^'*'

also be translated,

"

when ^A

to carry out,"

YTOuld of course be translated "intention."

/

in is'^-^^

<^'^

for

is

adv. of time

f^^J^

"

ii

^^^^

ij '^^

('^i^^-').

>^j^

'

*-*'
'

adj. of intensity to

^j^-* and cs"^*^

12

emphasis

(adj. to ^'^^ under, in

on account of the

J ^_r^

*^" ^J

like the

back

whom

of a

being o^'^^'^^-i*

//

JJ

^Le

*'^^-''^''
.-.

//

l^ii^i

n //

J /

^^\J^\ ^\j}\^ ^JJ^\

^

camel not liable to stumble,

planks of a bier,

^^^

adj. sents. to

joj^')/ ^x//
<>^^J ^^ii /J (^ w.i.
"
* '

the gen. case) with

i(;Aose

.-

Z^oues

are like the

I guide along the broad road, which

ribbed cloak."

ia

36
The wheel marks on

the road caused

c;^'*' in the gen. case,

in the

nom.

*^^j

in the next line.

t43l^j

being adj. to

(^^)

case, being pred.

Another readies

^*-' >^'~"'

AJjI^j,^ ^^Aj

A.

preceding

in the

to subj. c^* under.

So

or

'^

and

line

also 'i^

= whom

I drove with a stick.

/sit.//

/o/ //o/

"

to appear like a ribbed cloak.

adj. sent, to eJ^-*'.

^j'^ &c., adj. sent, to V'-^^^^

13

it

*^^*

'^1 j>/

zi/

is-^^-^

^cji

[^s\^

...

sz:

^{^^j ix)[^z^

she-camel, strong as a male-camel, stroug-bodied,

who

though she were a female ostrich, who is avoiding a

male, scanty of feathers^ and of an ashen grey colour.-"
trots as

The female
s^-^-^j

iS

'^J'-'

iSJ^^

^3',
under.).

ostrich

=hard

moves

at her smartest pace

(like ii^-ir^j

a rocky tract

adj. sent, to ^^'^^; so also

'**

on these occasions.

of laud); or large of cheeks

^, &c.

*^ ^.

adj. clause to

o^.^-i.^V"^ for ti*^-"(i)3 j and *^-^

a diptote

So also '^O^ which

is,

however, used

to

(adj.

o^^aj..^

as

^^^^

foi-

the

necessity of the rhyme.

O/ /O/ s

X/j

0//0//

" She rivals the well-bred, swift-travelling camels, and she

places her hind feet in the

marks of the

fore in the well beaten

road."
1st ^^^.^j dir. obj.;

cy obj.

of place

/'>/

"She grazed

2nd
eJ

in

^^-tt^j

secondary

'^J o^ii
'

0/

the

obj. to "^-^i'^

/ /

ini

spring on both

sjo

the stony

the valley amongst milkless she-camels, grazing the

/s//

sides of

meadows

37
of a valley whoso richest parts are watered by constant showers,

and which abounds

jy-

irrcj^. pi.

in

^k^^

of

herbage."
.

(j.*3^3 ^c., adj. sent, to the implied siibj. of

Jj

>i.a.

I^JjAj

a^*gi)
^i-^

'

o.J:i

jjjjj

by l5*0^

case

the ace.

iu

<-J^^^-* ji-^

a dipt.

/^j

/in/

to

adjs.

>>

'^*->y

a ilipt.

'j under.,

/i-''

^j'^^-^ -ri*

o ''^^

being

to (3^ '"^^

used as o^'^-^^ for the necessity of the

me.

rli)

16

.-ii^

o.aJIa3

/o/

(i.J

.'.

o/

zii /

j"'

t^ft'^Jj

v^J

ol.Cjj (J^A.

l^_^-o

^J

^j_^j

''
She turns to the voice of the caller, and guards her honour
with a tdil possessed of much hair, from the fear of the attacks
of a male of a red deep colour, thick of hair."

V-!:-*-*

agent of the 4th conj

iJ^L.

j_j

i.J

from

v ^*

>

'^44^

J^^ ^i

i}A=^ ^_ji ^J<>J.

i.e.,

adj. to

'-r^^

^ under.

e^l^jjobj. of L5^*J.
^-^^1 a dipt. 0>'^J>'^^* being tJ*^-''(jJi
/

of his

adj. to

J--=>'

under.

also

= with

filth

"As
it,

accumulated on

his

buttocks by the constant whisking

tail.

/o

/o

of

^^

j and

nj

iai/c

if

( i,

her

o/

o/ / /

-//

&C., an

noun
/

J,

tail),

pierced into the bone of the

tail

by the

awl.'*

l^-^ pred. sent,

5,.^**^

/:://

r>/

the two wings of a white vulture enclosed the sides

e.,

means o/an

^,

= J

to the subj.

adj. sent, to

c5^

^-^^ after

^-h*^^

- s

//

of instrument (from <ij'^ to

/

ii)^

//

sew leather), hence " awl."

=/

/O/

o O//

" At times she strikes with it, (i. e., the tail), the back
of
the rearmost rider, and sometimes upon her dried-up udders,
devoid of milk, like an old leathern bottle."

38
The verb

Sri^'*-'

= strikes) under.

^^^

obj. of place

\jj-^

and 2j^J

(o'^-" ci^^).

obj. of time (e; ^^y^

'

'-'L'-'')

" She has two thighs, the firm flesh in which

if

is

perfect, as

they were the two gates of a lofty palace with polished

walls."
c)'<>'^ subj. (1'^^^^),

^i ^^.i

being pred. (^^*^)

''

(-^^' &c., adj. sent, to

c)

"^^^

So

'

u^

dual in tbe nom. case, being pred. after

'^i:^'^ adj.
Z,

20

also the sent. ^^^^ &,c.

to^-^^ {=palace) under.

^

'^^^^

O -J

(_yl'>'J

'^^^

n/

r./

*^-r^

jj jj

/nf

^^^

'j

r /

(/^'^"''^

J^'^'"

/ f

(^-^J

" And she lias a firm attachment of the bones of the spine,
one within the other, the ribs joined to which are like bows,
and a neck attached to it by fii-mly arrayed vertebra3."

Here,

Jl-^,

is^^'

under, pred. (^^^) to

pi.

Is*

of ^^ 1-*

^j'^-='

j_^i

an

*-'^^' pi. of

adj. sent, to Lf-^

Aj_^t,/o

(:s:'

21

<i.j^^

"As

if

the subj.

(I'^'^i'.*).

/^^^^ subj. ls''^

'^

pred.

=en fixed bones.

&c., adj. sent, to *ir^'

ed them

'

ij'j'^ the inner part of the neck.

*^^

Oj

SS

is^ and *0r^

v'^

o/

'^^'

/o

L5**'^-'='

'

/jn/
WJ'^ii^j

'j'-'iwj

^**ur

i//
^j(^

the two lairs at the foot of a wild lote tree surround(t. e.,

her ribs); and the bending of bows under a

strengthened back.^'
The arm-pits of the camel resemble the

lair

of an animal in the roots of

the lote tree, which her ribs from their strength resemble.
of

bows of course
l^j

UxJo sent,

refers to the arching of her ribs.

pi-ej.

after eJ 1^; ^'*' l^^

being the subj.

The bending

39
^J=
Jo^a:

in

'

ncc.

tlio

^'^

i^i^

hciii"

case,

subj.

^^

after

the

.//

0/0/

:;j/

;;//

/o/

//o

//

" She has two strong elbows, very wide apart, as

she

goiug, she wore a strong

is

phrase

adverl)ial

heing the pred.

if,

when

water-carrier, carrying two

one-handled buckets."
The

water-carrier would hokl his arms rather wide to prevent the bucket

striking against his legs.

^^(fli^x subj

^^'^^

UJ

pred.

&c., adj. sent, to the she-camel.

j*^ , &c., pred.

sent, to ^^ subj. in the obj. case by (J

Another reading j*^

they are luade to go
nn

adj.

/o/

"Like

^^3t
^

phatic c^

^-^^

icith,

made

hl'in^r

is

adj. sent, to 'ij^'^i

aorist,

to

go; or '^^

^*^^ as

'

In the latter case,

i/

''

S*

if

&c.

//n/

''J'^^AiJ

).

//o/

Roman, the builder of which swore

it became strong/'

sometimes changed into

''Reddish of

*iJ'--j

emphatic, passive with

(^ijt^^

and

uj of

emphasis

the em-

>

being governed by {^^^

hair under the chin, strong of back, long of

stride, easy of pace

stallion

is

or to give a trans, signification

-/

/^

l^J pas. aor. with '"^^,

stallion

she

are firmly twisted'.

the bridge of the

j^AxAxJJ

if

roust be enclosed in bricks until

it

I4JJ

or,

'

sent, to w^^^j'^.

either =

that

^^^^ as

^f*

{lit,,

easy going of the fore-arm.)"

according to some Commentators, = descended from a famous

called

Suhab

V
as

*^, In

this case

e)^-*-**-'

'

''It^^t^

shown by the hair under her chin.

^J J"* Intensive adj. from

j^^

to ply.

= descended from the

40

under.
II
I J I
/
s/
_/
'^^^ i_aAa.w ^J>^it\ d-rAs i^j

25

/.

/n

mil

0/

/ I

k^sM-\j j^M Ja*

1 1

lA

o,j

zi

o^xf

"Her Lands are firmly twisted, as the twisting of a rope

spun upwards, and her fore-arms incline towards her as 'pillars
to a well proppedup roof/^
The muscles of her \e%% resemhle the twisting
arm bones are hke pillars supporting a roof.
U*^,

of rope strands, and the

being cognate

Infinitive, in the obj. case,

object,

(^J"^^

uJ*-^^)-

jjf^ Twisting upwards, or turning inside from outside, which

is

very firm

Rnd strong.

23

o>Awa,:* j_^J

U:^

(j.i

Uir [^

>^Sji'\

.-.

^i

jjtso

J.io-ff

^^j^

"Inclining frequently from the road, a swift goer^ a large

headed one, while her withers are elevated into a raised prominent structure,
^y^^

Intensive agent from

^^^

= to

and would appear

incline),

to

mean

here that the camel from freshness would not go straight along the road.
o

and <>^'^^

(.yJ'-*-^

01

ini

adj.s to
/

ni

(3^-*

under.

/ /

27

j^j'' j-^^ (/' ^^"^^^ ^-^ oji^^

''As

if

o^

Wj^^Ij <^ ^^-"

.-.

jj -//

^^^ ^^

the uiarhs of the girths round her breast-ribs were

water-courses through a smooth rock in the midst of a rough

ground."
The

ribs

from their hardness resembled a rock.

* l^^, dipt.

^j^'^^j^.^) on account of

^j

^^

'--'' ,

^tA^

adj. to

under.
ij

1^-^^

diptote
Cil

28

^^^'^

o^'^^'V^-e) on account of ^i*-^

/

Zj

U^^.*^

J^j^

II

{Jr'^^H

Z./ '

V^

'

^Jt^^''
I

tir--''

'*^^^'

II
(if^*^^

and sometimes separate,

^' The marks of the girths meet
though they were well defined gores in a torn shirt."

as

41
o'Iaj

of

2^1.

Aii^-y,

abiKton

Ioo|)

^<'^j^^)^

(or

tlic

gore of u

sliirt;

a diptote <Jj'^^ji^ being an extreme pluial.

i^^^J syncoimted form of j^^^W^

'^ '-J:^

ol)).

'

of time

{^

'^Jr-*

to ^^

O.Xw2.^

it^

tij!^

z.

is like

An

^*'J

o ^^-^

'

'

and

it

j*^

is

^ /jin/

tii(;jil.(fj

t'^-'

'j

most erect when she

to subj.

under.

is'*'

under,

oneself) to (S^^

to raise

^K
read in the gent, ease on account of

is

nom. case

in the

(^^*-' ailj.

s.

to

t3"*"^

iu the

^J^^i^ &c., adj. prepos. phr. to

Another reading

is

Another reading

l^-'>
/

::

= active
nom.

(3^

in

H^

both

under.

mariner.

'

/O

/OjO

//

//O J

s//

Aas a skull like an anvil the two halves of

upon the edge of a file."

iS/ie

Here

movement).

subj. to the pred-

^ '^*'^

O/

/O

"

CjI>A^

Some read
^-'-'

o///
/.J

.'.

u^j

to

According to this version, (j H^

I

diptote.

the rudder of a boat going- up the Tigris."

adj. of intensity (from

in the gen. case being

iii Iws

(^^jJ ^^KmS

the nom. case being pred.

t^-'' in

(^<'-*

and

e^^.-*-*

J^*^-).

very long in the neck, which

''*S//e is

raises

^^

<ii:kO,J

aor., adj. sent, to 'r'J^^l so also

,

subj. after

//o

29

<Jj^

V^^

^Jl^ &c., adj. sent, to

iP^^. pred.

it

?/

jOj

at the place

of their meeting join as

This

will

be clear from looking at any skull

at

the place wliere the two

halves join.

/s:*^ in the nom. case, being subj. to the pred.

O^

like

words

&c., adj.

sent,

and the

^1^
after eJ

1^

in the

'4-'

under., and so also

following lines.

to '^*sr='

^j

&c., a sent. pred. to

'^,

subj.

Another reading
t5^ J intrans.

^^

= to meet

to join.

^ail/o uoun of place of the 8tb conj. from

i_s^^

>

in

nom.

case tu is'^j'

42

"And

a clieek like the paper of the Syrians in smoothness

and an upper
is

lip like leather of

Yaman, the cutting

of which

not crooked.'^
The

cutting refers to the split upper lip of a camel.

Yamanian

i^si^i

Some

leather

is

very

soft.

86,5 adj. sent, to ^-J**

read 'i^^" ^'

/o/

o/

JSO.J

*'And two eyes

of which the leather

is

not cleared of hair.

/- ^O/O/

/- //o

o/o/

0/

two mirrors protecting themselves in

xvliich are like a hard rock cow
taining a pool frequented by the people."
like

the caverns of the eye-bones,

IlixA^

adj. to

cj^i^

^^'^ in the gen. case, being in apposition (j'^'^) with

/o/

<'

J 0/

o// ^o//

.,///

^j^
/o

s^

j/

Constantly throwing away the dirt of impurities, so that

you see them

like the

antimonied eyes of the

mother of a

wild calf fearful of the hunter."

Antimony

is

used as an adornment to the eyes; the wild cow's eyes are

sharper to detect danger, vihen she has a

<D 'j->^

J ^^^

"-dj-

of intensity to cJ^^-^

calf.

= Throwing away from themselves.

in the ace. case being obj. of CJ

'j^^

ij_y^ (Vo adj. to ^J^^. under.

'^^^'j*

'

in

z;,/

appos. with
J

^j^^.

o///

under.
rt

i/-

I 1 1

/ /

''
And two ears true of hearing, and distinguishing the low
sounds in the time of the night journey, the quiet whisper, or

the high-raised vuice.'^

43
lii^U

(illvcsted of the

of the dual

J^iUl ^o ^-) adj. to iy^^i'

l.y

under.

"

Two

pricked ears by wliicli you

know

the goodues.s of her

breeding like the ears of a wild cow alone at Howmall.-"

i^jxi ^(.^

^^\j

d^jz^ with
^^-^

Here by
tlie

get_ to

^^'^

is

(i)'-''i

'

being ^Jj'^'^^j^.-^

meant LS^^JJJ^

a wild bull,

and so the

adj.

^_j^^

is

of

masculine gender.
C

"And

'

"^

'

'

S/'i/^

'

..'

/ /

:z/

J /o//

a cautious /icar^ strongly beating, quick

like a mill-stone iilaced in the centre of a broad^

The body

of the camel

is

and hard
hard boulder."

compared to a hard bouhler.

/

(jc^j

the intensive agent from u^-*

is

to beat as the pulse, adj. to V-^-*

under.

Another reading '^-^^ accumulated.

/o/

/o/

*'

And

o J 0/

a split upper

and well-bred

lip,

1/

o//

s jn/ j/n//

with the tip o//iernose pierced, gentle

wlienshe lawers

it

towards the earth {or hatters

the earth with it), she increases her pace.

i)

[Jij

l/^^

= to batter the ground.

The meaning seems

the camel increases her pace the neck becomes extended

to be that

when

and the head nearer

the ground.
j*l^

adj. to^^'^'* under.

/*^j^ and
^Aijjsf^

"^

^y jussive, being
{^y^o and

(3"i-^^

joj/m

in

and

* './^ respectively.

the nom.

case, being adj.

to

(*^^^

Literally the line means, " Slit from the tip of her nose, gentle and well-

bred."

44

/Oj~
38
''

'>"a*^

Aud

if

^0/

0/

i>.fl.'lt^

////

n/ /n/

i'ili'o

C5^^^

/. cuij^l

LiV-*!*-^

and ^^^>j

<Xjts'

= for

^^'^

if I

of), in

{tohip)

Ji^j^j o^^^^^tj

and

if I

wish

oi c\o&e\y twisted leather.'^

the obj. case, being ^'jy*-^'^

under.

o//

///. /o/o/

/n/ /n

''And

the fear

(_c^^'* adj. to

cl

apodosis to

luhi/p

o/

jo/^o

o
^t_j

I wish slie does not increase her pace,

she hastens, fearing the plaited

jn
c^i^

wish^ her head

/ /

jO

raised, so as to be level with the

is

penimell of the saddle, and she strikes out with her fore-arms
as the galloppiug of the male ostrich."

and '^^t^ apodosis

j_^/cC^
p^^

from

*^

^-'J^

to

an infinitive

to

swim.
in the ace. case,

being (3

J^*'^'^-

////

/00//0///

/0///0

n/

//

go on one like her, when my companion says to me, ^Noiv,

would that I might ransom you frmn the dangers of this
journey and that I might be ransomed.'^'
*'

surely,

His companion feels sure of his destruction, but owing to the swiftness
and strength of his camel he escapes the dangers of his journey.
L5"'^"*

(^

'

apodosis to

'

in the obj. case,

and C5"^^

/o/

>5

'

being subj. after

'^^

the pred. l)eing

ifJ.^ t-^J

!>'

'

//

o/o/Zs/^

'^z

"His heart grows faint fearing {oris agitated ivith fear) and
he thinks himself struck ivith a weapon, even though he is not
on an ambushed path."
^

^'^=- in

the obj. case, being

L l^^ Secondary

obj. of

'*'

J ^=>>

J^-*^^

(J.^^y'o^Road waylaid by enemies or infested with robbers.

45

When the people say, 'Who is the

am the person meant, and so I am
danger, Sixxdi I do not lose my head.'*
**

iiitorroo;., siihj.

tir^

'^'^
C5'*"'

'

not lazy

I tliink

in the time of

\j^'

pved'

to the

valiant youth?'

apoilosis to 'j'.
>

&c., a

nowu

sent, introduced by

-//jo/o/o

::/o//

'

o/

obj. to "^-L^

/o/

/o//

j n/

/ /

upon her with a whip, and she quickens her pace

the mirage of the burning sandy plains is
shimmering."
''I set

when

at a time

Tlie heat of the- day does not prevent b.im

from accomplishing

his object

as quickly as possible.

is

J ^^

'

'j
J

introducing the following adv. sent,

c:/^o///o//-/

o/ ^/o

J '^

of
r

n /

I f

ni

//

" She walks with a graceful gait, as the dancing girl walks,
showing her master the skirts of lier long white cotton
garment."
(^j^j &c.,

45
'^

obj. to

^_;' (^^" i^^

And

am

1>^^ y

adj. sent, to

J'ji' secondary

^*-':!

^s^^'
t^J^'*

'.

c.'^-'j

-S^its*

not a great dweller in the

^ili./l

hills,

JitsJ o-wjj

fearing

tlie

demands of hospitalitij, but when the people seek help from mey
I assist them."

V expletive
J ^^

(or

with the pred. after -^'

'

^^^
,

^^'^'^ in the obj. case, being

Another

another reading) an adj. of intensity.

reading ^^i*'

^-^

J^-*^^

for a night's food or victuals.

46
<i.i_^J.j

and

'^*j

'

jussive, being ^j***

'* And if
you seek me
meet me, and if you hunt
me/'
'

/o/

/o

/o/

0/ o

in the circle of the people,

for

me

in the taverns,

you

you

will

will find

and c3^^ jussive being -^^-^ and ^jr^^ respectively; so also U^'^^^^

i'J-'

and

and * L)^ respectively.

0/0/0/

//?

/ n /

>,Ja^j

o _ /
c^-a^-Wj eJ

Another reading
/O

O /-

"Whenever you come

cup, and

if

you are

in

=and

if

you look
=-

Oj

me, I

to

no need of

will give
it,

for me.

/-s; /

O /O/

you

to drink a full

then dispense with

and

it

increase in independence,"
o

^'^
/

<^ 'jussive being ^j^ and *'_>^ respectively.

{D^

'

'wis

and

<i

iSj'

jussive being imperative,

secondary obj. after

Another reading (^^^

if

^'^*'

o/

^-^ ^^

'f^

'

^^^ cJ ij

in the obj. case, being

.

pred.

w^

'

after

'^"

elliptical for-

=f,~

and if you keep absent from

it

i.e.,

it.

Here *^ under., or
yourself with what you have.
t^i

'

'/

Another reading,
you abstain from

'

f^

'-^>"-*"^'*^

= content

e;-^'

*"JJ adj. with a trans, signification, ^^ij^'" satiating.

S /jO

''And
find

me

if

0/0 /o^

/^J

/o i /o

/o/

the tribes, the whole of them assemble, you

rising in claims of descent to the top of the

will

honoured,

sought-for house."

He was
which

all

the most honoured amongst the people, and occupied a position

others sought to obtain.

47
^j*" and *'3^ respcftively.

(3*^"'

and 6^^^

jussive, being

Here

^*->-'* the

secondary obj. of

Another reading

/nj

<>*'a*J

nj

" My companions

comes
sometimes

o.^*

ai^e

honoured and covet.ed glory.

=;::

5/T//

jf

//

white of shin like stars, and a dancing

sometimes in a striped garment, and

in a saffron-coloured robe.''

'^'^i pi. of

uJ^^'^J^^J^^

^H' may be taken

Or ^J-r^

"

^j__^x;

to us at night,

girl

under.

Lf*''

subj. to the pred.

as subj. to rJLT^

&p., adj. sent. to*^-i^

//.-''

/x

-x/

U^^

and *-^^

s'

o /o

Wide as to the collar of her pocket, lier skin is soft to the

my companions, and delicate in the bare place."

touch of

of

V-Ji-^j

common

"When we
to

do

so,

gender, adj. to

*-*-i^

say, 'Let us hear a song,' she addresses herself

singing to us at her ease, her head bent /row modesty,

while she did not raise her voice high.''

^*j

'

apodosis to

'

'

M^'j

iS^^ a prepositional, adverbial phrase of

^ij^la.^

in the ace. case, being"

Another reading

^> ^j^'O

'*
J

bent, or weakly.

=as though her eye were hurt by

soniethino-,

by reason of the languish of her look.

>^^j^

also

= she did not strain

herself,

i.e.,

ease.

Syncopated form of

d'^'^^'i*^^

adj. sent, to ^*

she sang Avith perfect

48

52

(S'^j ^.j ^fij'-^^ vj^^"*

W^j-^ ^Is^ h'^j^ is ^^e-j

.*.

'<i^

When she repeated ber tones, you would think her voice
resembled a foster-mother's repeated lamentation over her dead
*'

offspring."

^^

apodosis to

VJ ?

'li

'
.

iu the ace. case,

being s-econtlary obj. to

*^-^-^

any young animal born in the spring.

to,

And my excessive drinking and my pleasures did not

and my selling my goods and spending my acquired and

"

cease,

my

inherited wealth, did not cease either."

here ^^>d^> (complete verb

'j '*'

'^'^'^

^ij-^ and

54

in the ace. case

o.j.*Ji ^-fisJi ol_^l

my

"Until

ooy

'

Tar

is

<j

'

J^

in the

^ ly

*'

sity

ijs

When

isj,j;.i:k*J

^lixi

Ls-'

^ji j^Jj

an animal

is

suiFering from this

introducing the following

noun

sent,

as in the gen.

nom.

case, being in apposition

a passive infinitive in the

J '^^)

ace case being

with Sji^^-J

c5^^

J^*Aaj

poor did not deny me, on account of my generonor the wealthy, possessed of that spread-out leather tent,

I saw that the

;

14]^

.'.

ts'^^Ji.

naturally kept apart from the others.

1*:^^'^'^'*)

case by

infinitive

all of them; and I became

camel anointed with tar.'*

used to cure the mange.

is

by the transitive

people avoided me,

alone, the loneliness of the

disease, he

).

on account of

my superior

character."

4.0

own

his

Tliougli

received hy other

LrJ*

L5*"?

*'^*
*- L^-*'

of

avoided

be was

liitn,

i.e.,

poor people.

<3j'^' ^^^ on account of o_j<>^^

<-Ai I.

made of leather. '^'<^ lengthened out

Such tents are only possessed by the

kind of tent

superior

favourably

all classes.

Sons of the dust,

dipt.

may have

|)ey|)le

jieojile

>

or stretched out by tke tent ropes.

wealthy.

iS^^jj^H^ a

sent.,

secondary obj. to

^^^

noni.

case,

"

'^i-' 'j

being iu apposition

(J^0

with the unplied

O'j^^'

of

sidjj.

the

in

Now

Oh,

theu,

thou

who

art ray

take part in wars, and becau.se

you perpetuate mij

Another reading

life,

tj.^?-

if

am

reproacher,

because

preseut iu pleasures, will

refrain from thcm?^'

'= who

'^'

preveutest

me;

or

4^5-^

^J

who

reproachest me.

A^m\^

(J

'

which =

"

w_^waJ./c i,y

yjV^ under.

giving an infinitive

'ij'^'^'^

t^;^-^*-^ J

i^lJ

And if you are

.i

'

il ,

the following seutence,

^h^ ^ ^jd^
'

it

with that which

Syncopated form of ^^^^^^ ^

jussive, being^"*

i"

'j'^

my death, then let me

my hand possesses/'

pred. sent,

after

^^^

npodosis to the im])erativc ^>>

'* a relative pron. in the gen. case by

(

fco

not able to keep back

hasten or anticipate
^jJa-J

sij2;niticatioa

'^^^**, its relative clau.se

CS''^-

*''*), the obj. 8 being under.

58
'

^5

It it
7

'^

j'^

''

^^^ ^^^

were not

wi.^a.

for three thiDg?^.

.-.

^ifi.i

?^J

^..^

^A

vi

i'3

y ^i

which are of the pleasures

50
by your fortune / swear,

of the young,

commence

visitors of the sick

That

were not

if it

is,

1^

tJflA.

in

_,

The

^^^j

C5 '^J^

is

f^

59
"

t>..^_>J

And

t:;'*

='of

the want

of.'

^'

^~aJljlj.

(j^'"

to '^^^

'^j^j^ under.

subj. I'>j^^^) is

interrogative sent. obj. of 0^^^ 'j^.

t5*'*

^J^ pi. of <^J^*

seized by a deadly disease-

*e'''^

apodosis to

pred.

which he describes in the

how soon he was

adj. sent, to "^^^

Another reading

do not care wlien the

me."

three pleasures,

for

following lines, he did not care

^i^J) s^) ^y/o^^a.

to visit

=a

visitor of the sick.

*Utj jAit^

of these

A^-^ '^h-*^

fhreeisjirst

with a draught of red

.'.

my

"^

''O'*'.

il

preceding

which when

wine,

'*''

'

4^^;**'

o-*-'**

the repioachers
it is

with

Ujixed

water, foams."
This would appear to mean that

draught before those

i}*"^ in

if

^i*^

he

delighted

in the

in

taking

morning

were likely to see him were about.

the noni. case, being subj. to the pred.

and iSJ^-'^^^

who

ij-i^'^

',

so

also

^jj^

following lines.

In the ace case, being obj. of the transitive infinitive (J-f-^

adj. to

*0^'

'^^^ and ^0"' jussive, being

Another reading

i-^*->

is

^_>'*'

and

jr^ respectively.

topped).

to give a transitive signification

"

And my dashing on

(*J'>*^J-'

to

iJ*-'

the foe on a horse with sloping pasone surrounded by foes summons me as the
rush of the wolf of the thorny thicket whom you have awaken-

terns,

when

the

ed,

g'^'ing to

Helping

iiib

water."

friend in battle

h~

the ne.\l pleasure.

51

<^jy

arriving nt water.

lit.,

^^"^

^^^

HPc. cnse by tlio transitive iiiGnitive

ill

an adj. sent, to '^^^

-/jO

And

/O

Oj

//O/

j^

'Is

/j

'>/

shortening of tlie day of rain, while tlie rain

we, by the society of a beautiful woman in the
tent supported by poles."
''

is

the

pleasant

to

Such pleasant days are

short.

^ya.o,Jlj &c.^ fidv. sent, of

J^-^, introduced

liy

J'-^-^'jIj

An

nistanee

of u^'^**^ ** a parenthetical clause.

goes with j-i'^^^

^^^' ob j

of place

= by means

( cJ

'

^J^

of.

''As if the anklets and armlets of my beloved were hung

upon the branches of an'Ushar or Khirwa' tree {castor-oil iilant)
which have not been broken."
The branches

He

colour.

of these two trees are

straight

and

flexible

and of a

liglit

compares her arms and legs to the branches of these shrubs.

iiHj^^ {pi. of _rO

the

in

obj.

case, being

cjl^l

subj. after

'^^^

being the pred. sent.

<^^"

^'

adj.

passive

//O

while

fill,

it

(^^

f^jj^

j///

'*So leave me, so that I

my

to

sent,

may

/eaf^,

An

satisfy

i.e.,

instance

my head

iSJJ^

furt^ft^, an instance nf

,jjp,|

&<

adj. sent,

of

'^

to

(j"

j'^
in

cJ

-/J

'"''',

(i.e.,

inetonvmv.
.

figure

I myself) lives,

scanty drink after death."

^A/oU

of the

myself) to

for fear of

52
iili^

in the ace. case,

being

*'

J^*^^^

o^"^-* an adj. to V-^*"-

*'

life;

J am a generous man ?/;/io quenches his f/iiVs/ during hia

if we should die to-morrow, you will know which of us is

the thirsty one."

^y

under.

^''

adj. pred. to the subj

t^jji, &c.,

adj. sent, to (^t^^

of time {kd^^J^^

^j^

^0.aJllAj| a no,jn sent.

obj.

'"^^ obj.

of ^^**-

'

^^

subj.

and

j^^t^-'^^l

the

pred.
nj,

65
"

I see

money,

is

-///

r,

'>-^^ JiJtVl

^_^

that the

j^^

^y}i

/=///

^AJ

^ji

aJUj JjjiJ

,\

j*(s:>

grave of a miser, a mean one with his

an erring

like the grave of

'prodigal, a dissipator of

his propprty in idleness."

j*'^adj. to i-^j under.

j^^ &c., a prepos. phrase secondary

,

iS^^

adj.

66
*'

>'ii.*3

You

obj. to

(^j

'

to tJ^^ under.

^^ft^

will see

C5-

*:'

lfi'

UJ;l.c

.'.

t_)

j^/o

1^3

j^AJ^ii.

j^__y3

I*-*

two heaps of dust, upon which are broad hard

stones arranged one on the top of the other."

^ -jta^UJ;U
*i<A\-c

adj. sent, to

expresses the way bricks are used

/o
*'

t:^*^^^

I see that death

///

J^'^'^ subj- and '^^^^ pred.

in

building so as to break joint.

./0////0 ^/o/

choosing the generous people, and

is

selecting the best part of the property of the avaricious miser.''

f

^*-*:!

and is^^'^i sentences, secondary

/

Another rending

...

t^r^*-*-' ',-^*^^

obj. to

isj

'

53

a treasure, becomiug less every night aud

I see life is

*'

everything", which days

and time

'J^^ secondary obj. to (j'j

i^t^obj.
'*

The

time(iu^^>-"o^t).

of

a conditional relative pron

being

obj. of u^-*"'

Here

^'^

the relat. clause being

^^

'*'

^H

'j

(_;<aflx5

'

under.

having a conditional force as

^ x"

being

lessen, perishes."

'

well,

i^^^

mid ^^^i arc jussive,

^"^^ ' './^ respectively.

jJ

o.fliJ^*

Another reading

li

(^ft^JU

L. ill

_,

'

what the days lessen

time exhausts.

Here

<i>ii.^J^*

^^i trans.,

69
"

a clause apodosis to ^^ introduced by

i'J '*

"^-i^

^:!

By your

strong man,

///

o-o

n^/

>

^^^ J clf^^*-'

->

under.

its obj.,

'

Jj^-" ^^

/OE/O////0::
.

'.

l^^l ^^ ^J*^

J^^-"

CJ

/
I

^o/

^^*-'

/ swear that Death, so long as he misses a

life

surely as the loosened halter, both folded ends

is

of which are in the hands oj the owner of the animal."

Jj<>waA3
^^ here
*^^'-*J)

^jxsj

Uai.

^iftJ

= go long

^^kL

as,

A^

during the time that,

during the time of

its

passing over

the youth.

J (=

surely) in '-^j**-^ and ^^ for emphasis.

i^j-** subj. to the pred. cs*~'. inider.

*^J*^
O^J b

70

in the obj. case, being subj. after UJ

IjjI)'

<^J^

sent, of

J adv.
Aaji^J

*'(So <^a^, if

(JU.:*.

J '^

j^i -^J

I*

and

Jj^^ ^^

the pred,

,^.<

J /..'*

U__^J 8 J

15

U^J

ho -wLshes, on any day^ he leads him

by his reins. And he who is

have to submit."
l^^ obj. of time (u^^^-' '-.-r-^).
*

apodosis to

ly

tied

U ^y

off his life

by the rope of death, will

54
'^i
and

anl <^^H are jussive

1^^

*-^i e>-< J

&c., ao example of

i-*-**-'

'^*^ij is^^^^i y^^ u;>i' J5*^

71

What

'*

forms of u^i nnJ

^**-*^:!

>

^j^

respectively, being

whenever

^-^j

'

= propounding

^J^'< is*^

'.

the matter with me, that I see

is

approach him, keep

'

t:>J

my

maxim.

of a

J tfj'j

j^-^'**

cousin, Malik,

from me, and keep him-

far

self distant?''
^^

interrogative, subj. to the pred. c/

C:^^

in the ace.

'

^'-^
cj>>

'j' co-ord. to (/'.

case being obj. to

the aec. case being in apposition [J'^'i) with

in

form

jussive

of ^^

>>

and

'^i

i^-'.

'

^j"^ and

of<^^-^^ being

'>*

respectively.

^'

He

me

reproaches

^jd Uj
t

i^^jh

(*

Qurt-ibn-Ma'bad reproached me
do not know for what reason he

as

amongst the people, and

reproaches me."

&c., adv. sent, of J'-^ introduced by

^*

sent. obj. of

isj

"^

'

^^

h 'j

apocopated form of '* interrogative, in the genitive case by

(*

An example

of

ilf

'^^--i digression, consisting of a complaining

remark

Bbout Qurfc.

Another reading

"
as

He

if

He

'^J*

'

Lf^.

^y

disappointed

me

we had placed him

of every
in a

good which

'
I

"

asked

ii

grave of one buried.*'

might as well have asked a dead man to help him as his cousin.

/i>lJs adj. clause to^-i^.

sIax/9j pred. to the subj.

^^

after (i^

was

'^'^

adj.

Anotlicr

(o ^:^-' un.ler.

ri-i\tliii^

t/^-^'^'j
=

74

^^*x J_^^ Ji J
'

^li

o o-iJ

^s<^

except that

V-Jo^-?:-^ ^'-^ =\vithont

>

&C; a noun,

i..jMJ

pred. to the subj.

^.iiiiui

my

brother

t^""

/'->//J.^,.^

after ci

t^-!:i**Jl

^j

fault

'

yt^

'

of^fi-* to ^-l:*

'

IaJ

Here the two verbs '^'*'^\nd

i'J^j^A. for their object.

being

in the obj. case,

75

'

by

sent- introduced

Observe an example of

^^c

any

^^J^ j^'c-

in ihe search."

-/

Jfti ^J

jj'^j
/^"^i

sent, to tf'^.
o/

iulj.

Another reading,
'

jt^

searched for the baggage camel of

Ma'had aud was not negligcut

LS^^

blames mo for uotliing which 7 could have said to him,

** 7T(j

^^^

.-.

50/

^^-o

j/

i'ij;iiiU^A3t iJ^J ^A/O

^J.i-.A:,

JZi

ji=//

''-'>

' I

/j| ^J,kj

..

jl^J_^-'lj

^J^3

"I sought approach fo ?/ojt by i/ie common f/e of" relationship^

Hud by your good fortune,
Malik, I do present myself to
hf^lp you when an aSair demanding serious efforts presents
itself^
^^ in the gen. case governed by

oUaj

Observe here the

to addressing
^'
'

him

&c., a

I, q,.
j},g

es'*"*'

-^i

and

&'e

"^^-^

^'

of

eliange from speaking about his cousin

directly.

compound

sent,

pron. idiomatically used with

^i

tlie

forming

ol

f'~^-'

called

'

i^^'*^J

'-?"^

^ji*'^

pred. sent, to the subj. is^ after jj

jussive, being -tj-^

'

and

* l^e*

^^

in

>'^',a pers.

70/

Another reading

^^^t

"xVud

it'

am

IT

Lulled

on by you

in

any eerioub

aH'aii-,

will

6
be amougst the defenders of your honour, and
comes to you, striving for your destruction I

enemy

the

if

strive

will

repulsiny him.^'
^tJ

'

and

ID*

Another reading i^^^

t5'^'
tj

Ua.

Here

= t^A

^^^

Us

"

\i->ls z=.

And

if

c5*

for

*^^^

'

- ,

V giving

^^i and '^4^'

so also

my

'* referring to

\J^^

and '^^^

they revile your honour

^J

.^^a.

'

^^

a transitive signification to

Here

best.

'^'^^

it.

^^^

be taken to go with

I will exert

'_>'=^

or

defenders against

goes with '-^'

'^

Or '^^'J may
c^^sr

'

aud

used as a noun

adj.

^j^

jussive, being

'

^i

:= ^4*.

expletive.

with defamation,

will

cause them to drink of the cup of the pool of deathj before

{%, e.,

them."

uiithout) threatening

^j>^^i and (3*^ j"S.sive by

and

tj'"*'

'

di'

obj. of

78

time

jj.>>^tiA5j

(a)

^^3^

Sl^iKj

'

'

j"^

^j^)-

j_^j,

'i"i>*^J /ijAA,!

.'.

J tJ^'^*

^.d^a^Jij

" Without any occurrence which I caused to happen / am

blamed and reproached with complaints ajid banished, and I am
regarded as if I have caused my own defamation, my own
reproach with complaint, aud my own banishment."
rijO.a.1 adj. sent, to

i'>-=^

C;(>.A.AJ co-ordinate to
c^*'*'^-*

^<^=^*^ pred.

and (^>j'^'^
'^^*"*

t/'*^'

>^>'*)

^J

with the conjunc. under.

under.

and then

it

= and he

is

like

one

in

the

ace

case,

being objects to the tran

^^^kwsj, verbal noun,

i.

in line 74,

('

reproach, &c.

Pitive participle

Vanishment,

d.^

to the subj.

the under, subj. to be j*

Some take
who causes my
4^^'-^

{j^^

or

noun

of

" ni\ being banished,'

action from

'^j^ to

banish,

mr

57

Aiiotlioi roiulm-:- <_ >V-'^^ (a vcrl).

from kli conj.) =

iioiiii

/"'

getting

me

haiiislica.
/

"

/ni

o/

-//

jj

fj s/

//

any inau but himself was my cousin, verily he had

g'l'icf, or he would have given mo delay until to-

if

I'^or

my

c'hoerod

moiTow.''

Any one

but

liis

cousin would have

Lr-!;0* adj. sent, to i-j'^

emphasis

for

4_S-

<^^ ol)j. of

('*'^^ ^J)

time

sition with

^J'
,

generally used with the apodosis to y^

/o

being
/

But my cousin

i^i

^-vJ

/o

C-?

'

-ft4i^

1^0-

'

is siicli

'

tf

^-^"^ cjl^-?^'

His eousin

j^jUyk
J

is

n i

//

man

j't^'* in

appo-

/J 7^0

as ^rtes to strangle

/m

aid, or

//

me

for the

%f\ ransom

keep distant from him.)''

e.,

angry with him under

adj. sent, to *J"<:

Here

thanks, or for the frequent asking /o?'

myself from him, {%

-V-t).

'

l^f-~'< |*j-'^

/oj //

'^

o_,

hcli)eil liiui.

(o '*>'

Another reading

'

'

all

circumstances.

l*L.3 an intensive infinitive.

l^ii.AA/e

Another

/.xx

]je,.e

under.

reading j_5<>i*"U

l_jt

or if 1

am doing kim

injustice.

Here

^i'* uu,!er.

s;/^o

"
it

And

jn

r,/

s///-//|0^o

o/o//

the tyranny of relations

is

lit"*

obj. of speeificatiou {ji-^') to

(= than);

for

comparison.

<^'*'t

^n^

severe, as to the pain

more

causes a man, than the descent of the Indian sword. "a^t^As an

58

If/ =/
"Then

leave

me

alone to

grateful to you even

away near

O/s;///

if

my

///

my own

O^/

O//

habits, for verily

lam

dwelling-place was established far

mountain of Zarghad."

the

Zarghad, the name of a mountain in a distant

district,

belonging to

Ghatfau.
j_j.alA. iji tiie

at-c case, being 'C J_j-*A/c

M'J

ubj. of

Jl^

83

'^V'*

t:?J

to cf^-hJ

'^^^ LfO

a;*'^

'

*^'*'->-'

r*^^-^ e^:? lT-^"'

"And if my Lord willed it, I would be

Asim, and 'Amru, the son of Marthad."

"^-^^(/O

like Qais,

* ''*'^^*

the son of

Qais-iba-'Asim, of the tribe Shaiban, and 'A.mru-ibn- Marthad, of the tribe

of Bekr-ibn-Vail, were two Arab chiefs, reiioAvned for their high birth

and

great wealth.
/

z:

g/

///

j'

v>^-J a^l- (*l^^ ^y^i

84

*' Then
if like these
property, noble sons,

under a recognised
The meaning

.'.

J n/r,//

^^^^ Jt^li

(jr^j'3 J

o.^i'J'^li

people I should be possessed of

tivo

{i.e.,

2^eople,)

would

visit

me,

much

chiefs

chief, {i.e., himself.)"

two

of these

lines is that

if

God

willed

it,

he would become

great and powerful.

Jl'sli in the obj. case, being pred. after

Another reading J^'*

Here J

'*

'i

'

^i^''

tf-*

'i

^''j=

^jM**.J also

am

= sons of

I,

one of /-as

J 1*5

i)

would be found possessed of property.

and would

would increase my family and

"

secondary obj. to the pass- '^i^-'

Another reading

'

visit

me.

Also uf'>^'jj^=

and

reiinue.

a recognised chief.

the energetic

and sharp

^*=

'^sri^

man whom you know

as the head of the sharp snake."

to

be venturesome

r>9

^j'AJ^^i

Hi,

lijrlit

of muscles.

Another reading >*s^

li

suhj.

*?:*

>>^V

J^y

) ;

strong of make, or nnmificent,

and

'

"And

my

swear,

waist does not cease to he the lining to

au Indian sword, sharp as to

is,

*i^^-i

"
the

prcd.

of com. gend.

'

That

Li^

ij>

in the

case, being pred. after *^^^ij!

ol)j.

sharp sword, wlien

blow with

first

two edges."

its

sword was always girded on.

his

'**

stood up taking revenge with

sufiiced for the second,

it

one of the

for

it is

i/

it,

not a

bill-hook."

No

second blow was necessary.

^j l^/A\i>c adj. phrase, obj. of

iS^^ apodosis
0^*-

'

jj

',

'

>

an

^-^ to

so/

J ^^

j*

holder of

me,

if it

being =

it,

tlie

j_^Ajij5/,

^c

(i.e.,

the

owner of

to
it,)

blow has already done

,

adj. sent, to

<li^cogn. obj.

'

'^>'-^

should be said

it,

'-~=^

of *^*'

the implied suhj

adj. sent- to

or obj. of

//

'

trusty one, which does not turn

be struck;

for

^-^

obj. to ^s^^
/

"

to

= while

striking again.

in//

away from the object

'Gently,

would

say,

its n'orh.'

to

s^op', the with'

It is sufficient

"

^^-^^

(JIWIJ^aaJI)

to<-^(-^l

under. Here - v^^^' t^^ "-"^

forbear striking.

3^'-^

lit.

preventer or stopper,

= the edge
the sword would
It also

of the sword

sav, 'e nough,

i.

e.,

the

and then the

/

man who
line

controlled the swoinl.

would mean, " the edge uf

have done the work.'''

60
a noun with the force of a verb,

>^'

1st pers. pron. obj. to <^*

(_5'

"When
invincible
t^^-*

^^3

'^'*

("**

'

you would

the people hasten to arms,

my hand had

if

apodosis to

l*Mx secondary

obj

'

<i

me

find

it.''

t5^-' '^^ J

to

hold of the handle of

nil///

o //

'

<s.

" And many kneeling and sleeping camels, the foremost

ones of them rose up, fearing me, while I was going near with a
naked sword, being aware that I wanted to slaughter them for
hospitality."

^j^

of '^j^-i a kneeling camel.

pi.

iiys:^ pi. of ^^^* sleeping.

Another reading

ojlj

^4:i

^ '^* or ^4J

-i

A5^ &c., sent, apodosis to

^5^/0

Ij

91

0'i>iij

&c.^ adv. sent, of

in//

in/

Jjjjy

ji

(i*

^-^^

'

jj

= the

flying ones).

(=

V^)*

.-.

SI /j
aJ^a.

Lit.

= my

fear roused, &c.

>J;-^ "S-J-hS^

n/

t-ftJ;^

1/

o^//

S'l^^

C1.^4.>

c;li

" Then there passed by me an old she-camel, loose-skinned

in the udders, a big she-camel, the best part of the property of

a stern old man, like a stick,

The

old

man

*^
'

^i^-^^.

He

Do you

t Jtin

from

old age."

his father.

/n// 0/ o

^.

92

is

"^^^

>>^

ty

/
I

o//

^ji ^'J

ij II
.*,

/o xi

'~iif

^ ji

^i^j^ U^

'^'j

Jj^i

l4^'-j

was saying, when her pastern and leg had been cut,
not see that you have brought a great misfortune

upon me.'"
^jAJj
C*Aj

adv. sent, of
1/

&(>.,
ii3

j^

1^

^<^(.^

^^

introduced by

^^ 'j

'j

0/

a iiomi. sent, introduced by ci

obj. of (^J^.

iiiLerroir. particle

^^ij^^

apiH'al

-//j

" And be
(lone to a

and

bear,
'*

^ji ^~J

I.

JJ^/

/o/

said to the tribe,

'

iutentioual.

is

demonstrative pron.
sent, to

'

li

(^ji*"!)'

the ohj-

Now,

wliat do

nom.

"Then he

said,

'

o/

of

r()p;atiou

.1.)

see.

//////

you see should

he

liard for us to

is too

'*>.

5^

being under.

jj/

ij/

1/

^^. <^*-^i ^^jS^

case, being subj. to tlie adj-

o/o

/o/

vou

|*-*').

the

iiiti'i

^ji ^i

'

thus Vj

Tlie sent, in lull runs

ill

:in

is

it

drinker of wine whose evil doing

"

CJj^T'' adj.

^^.'^

interrogative, subj. to tlie prod-

'3

IIcii'

'.

|*'t^*^5"*->^-'

^l^ftwil

(_^

i.-*

^i"^
J

/ f

I'* i*

'

j^i

'z.

/ ' '

Leave him aloue, for the benefit of her, (i.e.,

him, but if you do not stop the remote

slie-camel,) is for

the

ones of the kneeling camels, he will increase in hilling them, if

"
left

at his mercy.'

As the camels
liimselt' as well
'_>'^^-'

"Hi

95

and

"^

at his father's death

would belong

to him,

he was injuring

as his father by killing one of them.

>0'd jussive,

being ^j'^ ai.d

* D"='

i/Jiifnot,

0.4^-J

"Then

i-flJj.Jlj

J^~J

(AJkl.c

_j

hump was

(^^^^i a sent. pred. after ^-^

hastily

case by

colt/o?f>^'/ in her

brought

An

*-flJ '>--'

for

adv. sent, of

its pubj.,

J ^"^

Another reading Jf*-"^

to us."

Jf*-~^ a passive, prepositional verb, with

iij^j^ i^^^^i ftx;^! JJsi

commenced cooking her

the maids

ivomh, and the fat shred

liowcver, in the gen.

.*.

active), with

*^^^^

for the subj.

which

is,

introduced bv

62

" Theu

what

my

spread the news of

if I die,

(\ei\ih.,

ivaidng me

deserve, and rend the collar of your garment

me, Oh, daughter of Ma'bad "

for

over

^J\xxi\. apodosis to
'-*

'

introduced by

a relative pron. in the gen. case

to '*

^J

^^i

'

'^*

being the subj. and

in the ace
/

''And do not make me like

and who does not suffice

'

t-^^

M'^)

jif

/O

man whose

0/

zeal is not as

other's wtints as I do,

^^ ^ jussive, being negative imperative, fem.

^*

-a relative clause

my

nor had

m war.'"

experience

iS

'^'^ '^-i

_//

zeal,

my

VJ

^<i

O^/

the pred.

o '^-^

case, being

O /

by

to ^^^^

cT'^-' adj. sent,

'

''*

(^')

subj.

sing.
to

u^-'

aud

is*-^^

pred. (^i-^).

'^^^ and

{='^^^)

infin.,

i>f'**'*

in

the ace. case, being (3^^^* J-?*^-*.

I

''

Who

slow in great

is

mean, and much

That

^^^

is,

pi.

of

C*^ =clenclied

shows relation between

For

quick towards corrupt things,

by the blows of men."

one who could not defend himself.

''

affairs,

ill-treated

//jO

if I

'^t^'*

and ^

'^

'

j///

o /o

fist.

c:

//

j^^/

were a coward amongst men, verily the enmity

of him possessed of confederates and also the single one, had

hurt me."
^^^i pred.

{j^M

^i^y^J apodosis

to

fn

^^^
,

introduced

I)y

the

of emphasis.

63
j

'>><=

{oj^J;

s.il.j.

o//

" But

my

aiul is^

()l)j.

/////

/o/oo//

o|/

bravery, which I showed against them, and

my

boldaesa and sincerity, and the nobleness of

the people from
ur^^'^T-

101

"^^^^-J

By your

*'

me

-/

during

life

t/^J

o///

L5-^-=

my

my

origin, repulsed

rae.^'
&c., snhj.to

L^'=''^5'

/o

_/

:c^

Cf^^-'^j C5J^J

/ swear that no

my

day, nor does

<'**J

.".

0/

//

c:

cf^

^^'^l l^

iritricate affair is

night seem long to

jni

^_^.*J

perplexing to

me

on account

of anxiety."

However arduous
accomplishing

LSJ^'

ohjcct of time

(^^i-J sul)j. to

"

>i

the

i/

102

^^"-J

'

'i^

i)red.

Jj*-^^).

i'^..r~^

^^ ^^^
J /5 L)^ ^^^

a day I

its

'i-^^

'

made my

war, protecting

V expletive.
/o/o /o-^-)// o//
U-ft^-' ^-^
U^ y^
fX

the prep.

//=s/

/o/

And many

pre.ss in

the undertaking he had in hand, he did not dehiy in

it.

spirit firm at the

time of

its

objects of defence and against the

threats of the enemy."

f*ji in

the gen. case, being j

Aij: obj. of time,

^^^

= vj)-

[^^Uy)\ o^-t).

infinitive, in the obj. case,

being /' Jj^^'O

" In a place where the brave

man

fears destruction,

the shoulders of the vjarriors clash together in

shake with

terror.''

t^*"^-, Ac., an adj. sent

'-^y-*-'^

and

to c^-e^-*

'^^j^ jussive, being

u^j'L^ftJUuhj. to

^y*^.

*V**'

and

'

'^^.

it,

when

and they

64
jj'^/n/ o

'^

changed

a yellow arrow,

being placed near the

awaited,

'

"And many
gave

it

as to

by

colour

its

the successful return of which I

fire,

who

over to the hand of him

never

suc-

ceeded."

He

generously gave his lucky arrow to

The

line refers to a species of

unlucky gambler.

tlie

gambhng

with pointless arrows, called

r'^

J =Vj^^^^/o from ^^-^

the

change the colour of anything by placing

to

it

near

fire.

j*^*^
(J.:*.U

in

'

'^^'^

ling

o\-

pai-b in

"I

//o// s

0/0

see death ^0 &e a

'

(*^^-

secondary obj. to

'

obj

to

106
*'

^fj

is'^i

And no

^y>
n

'

/ / /

'*

'

)<

ji

How

he remote.

to

0'^-^ subj. of

'*

a relative

'^'

LSj''-*

> f

'^*'

^J

my want

W^i-'s

pron. in

o/o

very near

is

il

z*^^-'^-'

as did that

/ j'^
l-ts-J^J^^

tlic

ill

ai)pos.

with

it.

gcu. case being

'V

'

J ^^-^

n/
(_^*flj

1 1

j*J/l^

my own self, nor

my hand con-

which

tained."
^' ^ subj. to 1*^

reproacher ever reproached like

did anything supply

// o/

\
of inspirations of the breath,

n/ ~

J^x

^^i^^^l'O

'

///

jO

players.
/

number

secondary obj. to J^j

'^i*^

tiie

and I do not see to-morrow

to-morrow to to-day."
^1 <>

for

being a miser, and only shuff-

the game,

dealing forth the arrows for

/

dijitotc

apodosis to j (^='t'J)-

get..

taking no

!)eing a

tj \jA. e.^ia3 ^(, ^

'^^ =^ One

read with '^

(^^Vj)

the gen. case by J

\i^jj and

^J

65
^i-*

f.-lative clause

107

"i^^^ ^.'i^^ j'^i.J'^-?

(z*^)

^-^

to

^^}

ohj. 8 under.

^i

.'.

liA^

o^ru ^Ij

^i

i)t

^^.^aX-.

"The time will show 3^ou that of which you were ignorant;
and ho to whom you did not give the necessaries of life will
bring you news."
'-*

a relative pron

its

^^ ^^

under, after

'^ or

relative clause being

U"* a relative pron. subj to i^^^i

under.
"^^y

8j

ncopated form of '^j^^^

/T/j/O

1/

108 ^O^'
" And he

^*j

''

',

^JLT"'

^^^^

'*

relative clause

its

('"'''), *

obj.

^^^*-

vj^^V"'-'

/O/

J/O/O/O/

0/0//=^//

"'

"

bring you news, for

will

^*

i*V''

cJ"*

>) ^' '^

whom you

/
^

O//

*-^-?:^'^J

did not pur-

chase food, and did not appoint for him an agreed-upon time
for

meeting."

Here Cl^V

^^-^('

you did not purchase.

IjUj ^}^a3 ^J and V-T^^

(*h &c. relative sent. (*^'^) to

"And
close

he

any

will carry

Ci>-*

news to yon, to whom you did not disyou shake the surface of hia provi-

secret, nor did

sion-bag.''
i.e.,

uor did

yo'-.

examine

his

provision bag, as to

whether he had any

sufficient provision.

/.J-A.yi

pvon

c.^**

110
"

&c,and

i>iy^ U'jj-*-^

By your

life,

sion yourself with

^-^

relat.

nnrler
9

u^f-^if*^

&c

clauses /'')

relative

the

relative

^11^

^-S"^**^

to

pron

tiJ-^

o.Ala^fU

.-.

j(*a:

1I1jIj

the time is not, except borrowed so proviwhat you can from the goodness of it."

obj of'ij^-'; ^*-^'*'

&c

its

relative clause; obj bein^

66
//

tS*AL*a! syncopated form of '^^^^'^

111*
"'

LJ*'>^2^ c;jtJfj

ijij* '^^

Do not inquire concerning

ciates,

1,

,'.

^'^J

Ij

JS,-3il

*_yjl^^*

a man, but look to his asso-

verily tke conspanion

for

/"J^jy

a follower of his com-

is

panion."
" Birds of a feather flock together."
o /
Another reading ^Hj^ic>^ 'J->j
but ask about his associate.

Another reading

"

/o/

o/o

//

//

US * tf^y

(_5>'>'ftJ

//

1-* iJj>J^** ^JjJj^ Iw^a:-^-' ^j

When you

are

amongst a

Oj>//
.'.

^*;Ui.

/ /

t^^l^

0/

r^V'

/ ^
'^^^ '^^

tribe, associate with, the best of

them, and do not associate witb the bad ones, for you will become bad hy contact with the bad/'
wj.A.i-,fl*

*i

&e., apodosis to '3

in (j'^j^*

{ = lest)

'

introduced by

and governs the verb (^^j^ with S^'^J

ij^i>y* &c. =

Ut. lest

-i

introduces the apodosis to the Imp. V-^sr^ J,

.

you perish along with the perishing (people).

67

a^JULiJl^jjuo^l
THE THIRD POEM.
Abu Sulma Al-Muzant.

Ascribed to Zuhair bia

In this poem the poet

Abu

praising Hdritli bin 'Auf bin

is

Harithah and Harain bin Sinan bin

Abu

Haritbali Al-Murri of

the tribe of Buui Zub3'an, because the two men by paying the
blood-money had brought about peace between the Bani Zubyan
and the Bani 'Abs.

The metre and

the

rhyme

of the

poem

are the

same

as those

of the two preceding poems.

S//

o/ s>
AJ

Kj

y^

j^jl

^^ k\

^'Ajf

etc.

^lii

li

oJ

2 1^

iii

0/

U_,sJ

^Kj ^J

.-.

^ij\

&j.k:>

^1

,^\

" Does the blackened ruin, situated in the stony ground

between Durraj and Mutathallim, which did not speak to me,
when addressed, belong to the abode of Ummi Awfa? "
1

for

j*

iA*-**

'

The interrogative

is

either because the poet only faintly

recognises the vestiges on account of remote time; or because he

come by strong emotions, roused by

.

Jf'j'

(*' (i>-*'

abodes of

^^^

Ummi

elliptical for

subj. and iif*j

I")

f,.LXKj^ ly

"And

ia

it

/ --
'

over-

Jj^^^ u-* =1?

(*'

'

among

there

the

Aufa.
I

|*

ti^'fi

pAJ ^J syncopated form of

/

i^j

is

the sight.

0/

Ji i^j

pred.
(*-'

f*^-^^
J-)

aorist jussive.

//

^AC^ \^X)

.-.

-//

//o

s;

I4J \^ tij-iVJ^J

'j

/s

lJ

/ f

bj

her dwelling at the two stony meadows, seeming

68
renewed tattoo marks

as thougli the}^ were the

in the sinewB of

the wrist/'
Ir^i***,/

the two stony

'

meadows, one near Madeeuah, and the other near

Basarah.

j^aVJjJIj

jg

explained In two ways

each of the two meadows

(1) at

or

between the two meadowa.

(2j

The

sentence

is

interrogative,

being under.

'

^Aa. I^x) L^i^^

&(.., an adj. sent, to

0/j

'>>.

/O/0//i/O//

*/0

O/jO/0/jOO/

" The wild cows and the white deer are wandering about
there, one herd behind the other, while their

young are spring-

ing up from every lying-down place.''

/

e.ri* pi.

Ji?^*-'

'

of *'-H^

=a

wild cow, wide in the eye.

and J*'*;!" subj.

(''^V), 'h

being pred.

^'^

i:ji^*i adj. sent, to

aAIa.

being

j^iso

'

wandering

in

various directions.

In obj.

case

J^

(^^

>

the noun, of place, from

f*^^ to

UjtUilj ^^^
to the

c:^-!;*-'

o Uus

and (*^ J i"

''^-'^^

jj(|y

ggj^j

of

J^'='

sit.

introduced

byj

i^'^^H, &c., pred. sent,

l^_,^I=!.

''I stood again neav

\t,

[the

eyicampment of the
and with some

after aii absence of twenty years,

tribe

of Aufa,}

efforts, I

knew

her abode again after thinking awhile."

^^^
'i J*

^^

in the obj. case

in tlie obj. case

being ^h*^ after

being

J ^^

ai^^'

obj. of time.

" / recognised the three stones blackened

^t/ ,/i/y'

at the place

r>9

where the kettle used to be placed at night, and the trench

the encampment, which had not bursty like the source of

round

a pool."
o

^y^^'

of *-i^

^jtl.

auil

')

^iy

iu the oI)j. case

by

--^V* umler.

Or being

In the latter case, the version would run

thus -.'After thiuh'ug icpon the three stoues and the trench, &c.'
obj.

t(i

(*^j^ in the preceding line.

cr'^j'

diptote, o^-^-i'* ^^-^

WJ*-'^

>

^^J-^

LTJ'-'^LS'

kettle

locative

!>

lit.

being

^^s^ 'a*^^^

noun (0;-^-"(**'
in the

from ijrij*^

night-halting place of the kettle; where the

was placed at night.

Another reading <^^

^i^ij ^J adj.

sent,

'

an old well.

to

^iy^.

''Aud when I recognised the encampment I said to its site,

'Now good morning, oh spot; may you be safe /ro?^ dangers."
'^

'*"*

^Jl = may you enjoy

among the Arabs.

is

The morning time

generally the time most exposed to the danger

O

'^ ''*'^ ohj of time.

.

or imper. from

^'^

j')j

A common

happiness in the morning.

of salutation

is

specified,

form

because

of raids-

it

11

Another reading ^^ either syncopated form

,

of

(*"*

1-;//

/O/O

/'^s

//

//

0/

my friend! do you see any women travelling on

going over the high ground above the stream of

"Look, oh
camels,

Jurthum."
He
ly,

fancies he sees the women again whom he saw twenty years previouaand he appeals to his companion to know if what he sees is real.
^^ULi. a vocative noun, tjl'^ ^^U/o .
C^-* expletive,

U-"

'*-'='

used after

^^

It,

however, conveys the meaning of

a diptote, here used as a triptote (with

poetical license.

e?^*^
-

&c., adj. sent, to tijjl*-^

*4'*"" also name of

a place.

^_^~^

and ^iji^

'

any.'

by

70

"They have covered

aud with

value,

howdahs with

their

coverlets of hi^h

thin screen, the fringes of which are red,

resembling blood."
-e U-> iJ e;^-*^

=: caused coverlets to be put on

of causation

( *:;

'^'^^^
)

o/

l^A^l^a. in the Dora. case to i

'jJ
^ tjj and

or in the

A,j.rLi,/o

Another reading runs thus

in/ ^

(j^J

>*<i.xp

//T

W-^^

'>V^

and

''And they
the centre of

j^^

s.

to (^* subj.

to
(

-^

^^

'

*'^^

and

'<^')

under.

red of fringes, the colour of which

^^J^, &c.,

pred.

ti^^-'

o/ '^Ji-)

P^-

c/'*!^'^ ''^L) J

the colour of BraziUvood.

(

{j^.^

being pred.

case,

noni.

(f^;'

either in the gen. case, being adj.

adj. sent, to

(/^L^*

U^^

'.

is

subj.

inclined towards the valley of Sooban, ascending

and

it,

were the fascinating looks

in their /aces

of a sof fc-bodied person brought up in easy circumstances.^'

C^Oj
AaIaj

means

^Iso

^i)yH and

J-i subj.

/o

10

'

t^^^
/o

'

They mounted

the

(j^^^*, &c., adv. sent,

(^^' ^-ii-^^

and

c:>i^^ pred.

s-

L?

<i'j

of

{^*^

//!./

s;

cr^

rumps

ti'**

.-.

of the camels.'

^**.

).

/> J
/n//n /^ ^j/n//
^^~^ e^-r**^!^ 'j^^^ c^^^

" They arose early in the morning and got up at dawn,

fhey went straight

the

to

valley

when eating."

unswervinglij to the mouth,

'j^^J cogn. obj.

Here

c:>*

and

(3^^^ J^*ft/o

uu^

'

C5

Another reading {^j^^

jft^

'^

'j

subj., the pred.

is^'^^

makes the figure (i>i^^l

naturally

made out

as the

and

of Rass as the hand goes

being

(^^ ^^'^

for tbe valley of Rass.

as the

rhyming word f*^'

is

proper word to follow the word "^V

easily
'

and

71

*'And amongst them

a place of

is

amusement

for the far-

who

sighted cue, and a pleasant sight for the eye of the looker
looks attentively."
i-flAklJ

also

= one of exquisite or nice

for the true lover.

Another reading <JV>'^^-'=

o

and^^-*

^!^''=

//r,

to the pred. i:;-*^*

s.

/O//

tiflJl^^

(,\^^^^i

12

snbj.

/jO/

taste.

^^J>

/.J

0/

J>x) jr

.-.

/^ ./

^^4*J|oU"i ^\^

^_^i

"As

if the pieces of dyed wool which they left in every place

which they halted, were the seeds of night-shade which
have not been crushed."

in

yJ

u}^y

V-^

adj. sent, to

nom.

in the

^ksi ^J

13

Jj^

case, being pred

adj. sent, to V-=^

^i^"'*

^-i

'

t.s-'

{i. e.,

An

after

lyitense puritjj,

c^

instance of the figure

^^j: (^*^ J

''When they arrived

blue from

.-.

^ i"^J^

^/oUe-^^ jj *'Jl ly^JJ Uii

at the water, the

mass of which was

they laid down their walking sticks,

took their lodging there,) like the dweller

who has pitched

his tents."
^'jj
(lii)

or

sent.

(i)

in the obj. case, being an attribute to *^-^

Oj)

6^)

in the noui. case,

''*'*
"l

adj. sent, to *'*''

an

^:^s^*^\jji\.sn

(ii)

being pred. to the subj

^.^ i^^J

or

J '-^

^<^*^

pi.

of

**^=

water collected

in a well after drawing.

ij'^

pi.

of

ils^

*'*
>

the whole

^ '^
^i^^^ for *-^l^*4:^5l

metonymy

lodged there.

('^

to

"
I

= they

72

"They kept
it

on

^/leir

the hill of

Qanan and the rough ground aboxU

right hand; while there are many, dwelling in Qanan,

the shedding of ivhose blood

lawful and unlawful."

is

There are many enemies and many

(^ here

^^^

Here

explanatory to ^^

u)"*

i-*^"*

by

frienrls

subj. to the pred. cy ^^'

dwelling there.

** j~^)

(*J^^ J '^^

^-i

an enemy, without a protection

covenant

^= a friend protected

(*-^

e^" an instance of the figure

^?;^*-'l

{Distribution).

" They catne out from the valley of Sooban, then they
it, riding in every Qainian howdah new and widened."

crossed
/-*-i5

relative adj

Another reading

^'

Then

who

built

I
it

(* -f

of the tribe of t^Aab

^^^^

^)

qualifying ^i'j'^ under-

= made roomy.

swear by the temple, round which walk the men

from the tribes of Quraish and Jurhum."

This refers to the temple at Mecca which was built by Ismail, son of
of the tribe of Quraish, who married a woman of

Abraham, ancestor
Jurhum, an old

tribe of

Yaman, who were the keepers of the temple before

Quraish.
Jf-k
>^-^-?

&c

relative clause, [^^'^)

an adj

sent to

'^j

J>-=^ obj. of place (w^"'

17

"
fire

^jh"^

to lS

'*'

'

J d^."^' ^-^ J

"-J^^).

ta.

jr

jj^U

..

U3;Xa.

(J

j>JuJ

\^'J

lij;*j

An oath, that you are verily two excellent chiefs, who

found worthy of honour in every condition, between ease

aiad distress."

73
Both

and trouble they are always to be

in affluence

These are the two

cliiefs

^*i

i}^^"^

cogn. obj.

previous
f**^

mentioned

Jj*^x

in the

^-^

to

relied on.

introductory note.
under, or to >^*-.

a verb of praise, the sentence in full being, '*

'''^r^

adj. sent, to '*'

explaining

tlie

&'^ v
'

'

f**-'-'

'-?^

under., secondary obj. ui'^-^.^ under.

'

(^-iJ^:*).

'-^

U.i.s^=g^ rope of a single strand

(y^'*=a rope of

cj' '^i~-'

'

for emphasis, introducing the following sent, as

cr^~

in

'

line.

strands

several

singly twisted, or weak.

twisted together

doubly twisted, or

Btrong.

(V^^ J iJa^- ^a3 anoiher iustance

-

/n

/o/

/->

of

j*^-'^*-'

/-//

'

on//

o/ /x

/ /

''The two endeavourers from the tribe of Ghaiz bin Murrah

strove iu making -peace after the connection between the tribes

had become broken, on account of

The

tribes are the tribes of

^^'-', dual, divested of

^J an adv.

*~Sj^

1st

^'o

by **''^l

2nd

^^

/n

under. i>i'^*-"c^i^ Uzzj-a-IxJ

among

/o/ /o

19

combination of

^^^'^

'

with

that)^ijj'^^'0'
/

relative pron., the relative clause

is

subsisting

where ^^

'^

'Abs and Zubyan.

in the obj. case, in the

the following sentence

the shedding of blood.

^^

(
I

i.

^^aj yit

/r,/

//

being

U=

-^j^.^*-^

'

(j'^Jj^A

the state of affairs

the tribe.

Oj/o/

/ikJ^AS j.k.e /4-^i^

-/ /o

/ /

^j'^'^J '^'

^'

/
*

o/

^'*'^*-^

nj

cJ^-^i J

CO/ /^o/

^^^

//

Ui/jlj.J

" You repaired luith peace the condition of the tribes of ^Abs
and Zubyan, after they had fought with one another, and
ground up the perfume of Manshim between them."

^M^^

name

of a

woman who

sold perfumes at Mecca.

74
Arabs, making a league to be revenged against their enemies, took

Some

oath with their hands plunged

o

Hence
of

in a certain

They fought

of their coalition.
the proverb

f*'^'^^

until they

J^

c-> /

p^^

i^<

perfume, made by her, as a sign

were slain to the last of them.

= raore unlucky than the perfume

'

Manshim.

<>.*J

W^^J i
\ji

Ifij

a diptote

Oj'-^'^-^^'i-^

^'<^

'^*-?

on account of

= (*^'i j

&c.

CJ

'

>'*J

(-^i^^J

and ^t*^^

denotes reciprocity of action.

f^^^-^j^

^^ijjj

/o/

20

^^J

preceding line) h^

i^Yide the

n/

^'-J Jj^^

n
'

\y ^j

an instance of the figure ^^^^-'

^ o //

'^

tJ'^ '-'J^^'^J

/o

an Allusion.

0^0/ jOjO//

'*-lj

.*

'

ci'jii'J

t^

f*!-"-"

Uii*

'i.i'j

" And indeed you said, 'ifwebi'ing about peace perfectly

by the spendi)ig of money a7ul the conferring of benefits, and by
good words, we shall be safe /rom the danger of the two tribes,
destroying each other
U-

l_j

= amply)

{^^ explanatory to
<^j'^^

and
/^l

"You
became

^'-"*

obj. case,

Oj^*^

being J^-^ to

(*'*

jussive being

jjo

/ /

'."

the

in

J=_^'*>

0/

and ^ '3'^
n

respectively.
n

//o/jo/o//

occupied by reason of this the best of positions, and

far from the reproach of being undutif ul

and

These two men became much honoured on account of

sinful."

their

good act

in

making peace.
iD^J-^ji^
iji'^^.*-^ in

^U

The pronoun

(^J^)

a prep, phrase, prcd.

the obj. case being

^^ refers in

''^

to U^'^'^'*

both cases to

f*^*^'

'

(used in the masc.

as

well as in the fem. gender), their act of completing the peace.

Or

it

may be taken
jO/

22
"

&^*-i

Awd

to refer to V->"^

0/0/
*>'^'*'

3 0/ O /O/ o

'(^'O \_y^^ tfT^^'-^

war, which

'>

/j

e^^ J

'.

U^:!'^*

is

of the fem. gender.

^ //

Oj

<^*-^ ^^-c

0/
cf*

u-i+'i-'s-ff

you h'Camo great in the high nobility of Ma'add

may

75
in the rigid innij

you be guiclod

sure of i^lory will

c^**^^

of

hm

and he wlio spends

trea-

his

J'^-

obj. of

&c. also

f'i^'-'i

become great."

= takes

u lawful possession of a treasure of j^lory ly

means

lurtiious deeds.

tf**->J

and ^-^^J

^^lj,^

li^J'J'*'*

^^ and

jussive, bcinj;

*'^^.

among which were

ancestor of the tribes,

L/'^^

and

e;^-!^.

U^J ^* a passive optative sent.

p\ij eJ'Oj &c., an instance of ^^^*'^

Another reading

J^^j^ ,

= achieves a great

(*^*-i

maxim.

a general

Also

thbxj.

(^^'^^i is

respected.

"The memory of the wouuds is obliterated by the luiiidreds

of camels, and he, who commenced paying off the hlood money
by instalments, was not guilty of it {i.e., of making war)."
The

ID^^J
Iji

^^'^

sent, '-ff^sr^ &c. pred. to

'

pi. of ^^'^^ adj. to

in ^**^'^",

^^ in

W^^
/

"One

and the implied pron.

refers to

<-^^

,-^^

Oj/

sT

j')

tribe pays

or

'

it

i" under.

V-T^

in
'

^^^'^

refer to

(-*-^

'

/j O//

c//

O/

0/ /J- /j

an indemnity, while

to anotlier tribe as

they laho gave the indemnity did not shed blood sufficient for
tbe filling of a cupping glass."

*^ ^y'

in the obj. case

'^:!_ri jussive,
literal

from

verb, where the

being yi^*^
i3^..j^i

6'^*, modified from (30*:!

initial * is a

Another reading (H-! ^-^ '^'^*S/ J

/ /

(3^-^*; a qundri-

modification of *
('

J wliere the (^ in L?^J^J

\

Oj

r,

is

syncopated
rt/

//og-/

" Then there was being driven to them from the property
inherited_, a booty of various sorts from young camels with

you
slit

ears."

Another reading Jj'^^-^^are driven.

^JU^a

diptote

for

f*'!j"*

J^'^^'/o^^-c ) being

**J>^^ by poetic

U^*^ being used

license,

^^sr'lLf*^^'*

J ^i being of com.

gend., the measure

for the masc- as well as for the fem. gend.

Another reading

^O'*

is

camels, offsprings of ('_)*

J ^'

'

or fJJ*-"

'*

'

(with *^ t^'

=:the young

a certain famous stallion camel.

Young camels were

/nj

generally given as mulct.

jj~i/n/ 0/ / / nj /
-:/

:^j

"Now, convey from me

a message,

allies
to

<^^ adj. of emph.

('^h^'^)

from /'
J

Anotber reading

^^

here used

to the tribe of

Zubyanand

their

you have sworn by every sort of oath

verily

"

keep the peace.'

a verbal noun

'

^///o/oo///

'

tOf^-S/o^ which is a cogn. obj. ((J^'^'* Jj*^'^),

n//

c^'e.^*'

= who

in the sense of

'^'

will

convey?

.^=indeed.

*' Do not
conceal from God what is in your breast that it
maybe hidden; whatever is concealed, God knows all about it.'*

He

here cautioning the tribe of Zubyan against harbouring intentions of

is

breaking their vows to keep the peace.

I^^^iyi

i^^I^^i
**"'
'

masc

emphatic, 2nd per., pi

,

v-?'^^ by J

Pass.)

^^

and

subj. of i*^*i

JProse order *-^

jussive being

the obj.

jo/
'

of ^i^*^

^*^*-i

^j^

and * '^^

being under.

0/ J

^^^J U*-*

Another instance

<-^J^-'

of

'

J ^^J^

a general maxim.
/.*/

28

os /^o/

^a^i Js*^ jt

" Either

it

will

/
<_,

Us-'

be put

0/

0/

j4_^J

off

..

s:.>/

^a^

>>

V ^^^

<^

/o^/osfj
C'^->iO*^.^i

and placed recorded in a book, and

preserved there until the judgment day

hastened and so he will take revenue."

or the pimishment be

77

TIio vcrbs^"=^^:!

others

iuul

^^x\j)/j or being in appos. with

f*^-^

An

jussive, heint? apodosis to

under.

hjI

of the figures

war

'^ a rel. pron. in the

with ohj.

'*

!5

Gradation, mu\

nom.

case; the

When
and

ijj^xi

o//

rel.

is

clause

it

to be,

and

said coucerning

or ^^'^ being

f*^*'-'^

it,

and

under.
the negative. ^^

E.\pletive with the pred. after

thing,

'-r^^.^j^'

you have learnt

not but wliat

is

have experienced, and wliat

not a story based on suppositions."
3'ou

p^-'vi,

it

hne 27.

Dividoti.

"And
what
is

l1^

instance of the couil)iuntion

(34yft^-'l

and jussive, beiug npodosia to

arc passive
(^'^i in

you
it will

in

isi

I I

jini

jini

II

you will stir it up as an accursed

it up,
become greedy when you excite its greed and

stir

will rage fiercely.

The war though

it

may be

j*_y^^j jussive

-joj-^

being apodosis to j"^-"

**-i^i in the obj. case, being J'-=^

Another reading
nj/

"Then

it

ninj

will

o/o/

it

The misfortunes

'^^

sure to spread.

under.

c" 1

z.

o/ ^^o^o//

grind you as the grinding of the upper mill-

stone against the lower, and

one birth and

is

and *l)^ respectively.

= insignificant.

*-^--'-i

a.j

commencement

small in the

ji^*i 1st and 2nd jussive, being

will

it

will

conceive immediately after

produce twins.

arising from

war are double.

'may also be transhited as the cloth spread to catch the flour as

fulU from a handiiiill.

it

78
= immediately

L>t^5'

Or

^^^^

adj. to

'-^^

In the obj. ease being J'-^

after a birtli.

= conception)
being

in the obj. case

under.

(J'-^'^

J_>*ft^

The verbs

are all jussives; so also those in lines 32 and 33.

"It

bring forth youths, niost accursed, each of them is

so it will give them suck and
of the tribe of 'Ad

like

will

Ahmar

then wean them.-"

^ U_^4A.

allusion

( tf-h*^''^^

'

to

Ahmar

of

of the tribe

Thamud, who

and was held accursed for his

not of the tribe 'Ad as the poet describes him by a mistake;

killed the she-camel ot the proj^het Salih,

He is

misdeed.

or, perhaps,
(ijUi-c is
(

it is

<^^*^ is called

because

ijl'^^ and

oji-^^^Jj-c

like^-*=-

(*^*
1

under.

iSJ^
/^J

5J

'

i l'^

(>^

Observance of
t

is

>.J^A/c
,

Prose order, (

'

adj.

to

^y^

V^V-*

'

and ^^

'j-'*

pred. (^^=^)

(^^ ^U\s^

^"^
(*J'^ J->i^'

33

^"^

like terms-

j4.=^ !^

(*

f^ &c., adj. sent, to u^*'-^

Lines 31 and 32 make an instance of the figure

_^j;JaxJ t^

or the second 'Ad.

lo'^^^-*; and

<3'j'*-'^J

Cf^

.*.

^*^*i'

^*^ ^'^

^^'

iJ^***

" Then it will produce for you what the villages in Iraq do
not produce for their people from bushels of corn and from
money.^^
(i)-*

explanatory of

<J*J

Tbis

34.

"^

''*.

&c., rel. clause

line is

*^^

to

^'.

an instance of Irony ^M^''

^^^

(i>J

e^h-^'^

^-fri^

'

ii ^ ^^

'

("^^"^^J^i-

"By my life I swear, how good a tribe

Husain Bin Zamzam brought an injury by
which did not please them.''

it

^^ V*'"'
is

C^-^**"*

upon whom

coinmitting a crime

Husain Bin Zamzam's father was killed during the war between the Beni
Zubyan and the Beni 'Abs. When peace was concluded between the tribes, he

70
made a vow

would

secretly that he

revenge for his father.

kill

one of tho (ribe of 'Ahs out of the

he did, but uhen the Beni 'Abs came to take

Tliis

revenge on him, Harith Ibu 'Awf offered them oue hundred camels as blood
money or his own son to kill. The 'Absioms took the camels and spared his

The

son.

in

now

jjoet is

^i-'0'^ an adj.
(c--*

'->-

Ac

is^

sent, to

for their act.

emphasis.
'

a rel. cluuse i*^'*) to the rel. pron-

;///o//

^Jj

|*0.iAj

35.

them

praising

(**^^ for

isj*^^ and

/j / /
Ijiili

|0,J

'-
' '

ilQ-^K

^c

z.

.-.

'

'-'J

'

"^

///

'

'

'

Irc^^ ^^yio

ii,!<

" And ho had concealed his hatred, and did not display it,
and did not proceed to carry out his intention imiil he got a
good opportimitij."
...

[s^^ ^^Jo

/y

...
lit.

folded

his flunk;

mytonymy for^*'^l)=

{'i^^

cherished

in heart.
<Xj,xa^/o

a(ij_

^^^ ( = design) under,

^Qiii, to

i.e.,

concealed stratagem, or

malice.
/

38.

oj

And he

hj

^^/

0/

/ /

i^^^"^ is'

'-^-"^

i^^

said " I will perform

guard myself from

bridled horses behind me."

and

se/f,

I will

/ r>/

37.
"

i^^'^f

;ij
(*

/ /

Then he attacked

He
whom

killed

his

many

o/////
^_^A>U jr>j

L5^-^'^

my object oj avenging mymy enemy with a thousand

//

^/
.*.

jj

ij,^.^^ 'j^-;J

Oj n/

f_>^J /'

^//

"^-^

from *Ahs, but did not cause

houses^ near which death had

baggage."

no one while the peace was

in force

except the one person on

he meant to take revenge,

Ij^iJ

must be taken

to

mean

"^^^-^
'

J^

(^'^^ locative noun, (i^^*-" >-^j^,)

the following sent., and

^xuj^l
death.

^'^^^
r'^

^^>;.=>- ^_5>-'

his victim

fear to the people of the

thrown down

n/ J n/

'J-=-j O'fi-'

//

c:/=j
'

isj'^^

(^fiom

is,

5;^=

'

o'^/oto

"^i-^, which

therefore, indeclinable (ij^^"^) with

/o ijoce/j

away, as some

5iip[)ose), a

is

\J^-^< to

^'^

nick-name

for

80
oaJ

IC^Ajk. ^<iJ

&c.,

*-J;-UJ

'^^^

J^-*"*

at the lodging ar place of

death.

Another

reading_r-'=*-^:!

f^

j=

(^Y-'

houses were not

j/

/j

^J

xjiftiii'i^-'

I /

//

j_^ru <>l

<_y<xl

oi.ax) ^H^Ji

.-.

" Near a lion, fully armed, very warlike, who

and whose claws have not been clipped."
i^Mi

^i>"J in apposition with

Or here
^_gS'lM

'-^'i

this

'^i

^-I

[^

intensive,)

thrown frequently

and (^^J (^ ^^^^l

adj. aenfc.

eliminated

by

his

arms or whose weapons

;

into wars.

to

s,

^^^

metaphorically used for Lifi^^

This

line is generally

quoted by

on Rhetoric as an excellent example of the combination of the two

writers

kinds of ^jl^J-^l {metaphor),

lating

'^ with the medial

*-^

or

arms.

/
^--l

in line 37.

(_^S'lM>=^yho exhibits his prowess

a mane,

prowess or valour.

are sharp; or bristling with

oi^/e

(^*^-'

'^J!-=-

lias

happened,) under.
"-^-^ ''*

inverted form of

from ^O'^
jI..J

U l^

terrified.

did not respite.

s/jo/ jj /n/s/

38.

j=but many

c_>ftJ ^'

Another reading <^^^;

stances relating to the

r)

{accompanied by circumstances re-

/J

and '^O^;
thing compared with.)

thing compared,)

to the

39

i J
^^J-^'^

n^

/oj

^Uij ^IJiJlj

*'Very brave;

,i.Aj

ill

if

he

is

is

<SUJ=J

.-.

hy

accompanied

oj

lj^*

when he

tyrrany quickly, and

/j

V^t*J

wronged he

o/oj
^iJ^J

circum-

//

tlj^ L5-^i;^

punishes by his

not anticipated

with

oppression,

he oppresses.
iS^^U^ maybe

|1-1=J

and

^*J.^*,
^j^lk/o)

V^ ^^J

to

^*

or in the

nom. case

under.

jussive being

in the obj. case; cither

under.

'^w

in the gen. case being adj. to

{>^^)

being pred.

-^^

and

being

* '3e>

'^

or adj. to

'^

'^^
(

J j*fl^

81

^^i (li^liU'iio.lformof *ojj) Passivo, jussive.

* hoing

li<>-litciR'(l

ill^Jl^t

if

iiilo

made

it is

',

It

isjj*^^;

to follow the rule

ol"

j/ 0/ x/

u^-'

tlie liiinl

l.iit

t^-*

ot.

"Tlioy allowed

/-// =

;:/OjcTO//

aiiimaU to graze until when the interval

tJioir

between the hours of drinking was finished^ they took them

to the deep pool, which is divided by weapons and by
shedding of blood."
By

the deep pool

^*^

the

is

that the

ap;ain

had

arms.

reeoi'.rse to

ol)j.

meant war, and the meaninj^ of the line

war for a certain time, after whieli they

is

refrained from

tril)es

between one drinking time and another.

interval

In the

case being obj. of time.

(-"^

pronoun referring to ''=

subj. the implied

ijj^^ contraeted form of i^j^^^

o

Another reading

//

(4**-l=

obj. sent, to
//

= they

c^-* b-'^j^'*'^'^)

'j

'^

allowed

camcla

their

to graze to their content during the interval, &e.

An

instance of the figure of ^^^^'

z:

" They

/j

0/

n_,

iliQ

ir^.
J

accorapli.shcd

then they led

^'^^
'

objects

ilieir

n / zij

"^^1^/

'f

'1

a,

/ f

amongst themselves,

animals back to the 'pasture of unwholesome

indigestible grass."
That is after they had had enough figliting drinking of the pool of
war they prepared for the next time of fighting.

z:/

jn

42 (X^\

0/

iJ-^J^'jl

'^^A^

"Verily by your

life

/ /

t:.r^'

(>>

I swear,

njj
.'

f*^

o o//

^'^j ^4^-^-c

o^

f j^/

e>^=^l/<5 (J'^-**-'

their spears never committed,

a sin against themselves in taldng, {or never made them liable

to any penaliij for shedding) the blood of Ibno Naheek or the

one killed at Muthidlam."

11

82
the to

i.e.,

f**^

whom he

persons

is

praising,

the pi. no.

is

used for

rcspGct.

Theso two men, although they paid they blood mulct, were

guiltless of

sheddinij; blood.

-^i^ tiH

one of Bani 'Abs, killed during the celebrated war of Dahis-

'

mU*.'

<-^-J:^^

in the gen. case being

j^

place where one of Bani 'Ab was killed during the same war.

Another reading.

"

And

(*

^i*^

^i:'

L>^

'

ilidr spears did

o '^*

to pii

(* *>

'

not participate in the death and blood

of Nawfal,nor Mi^/ie6ZoocZo/
subj. of '^^j^-^

'

Wahab,norof Ibn-a]-Mukhazzam."

^^-^J in the preceding line.

All the persons mentioned here were killed during the

The

//

O/

"

war

J/JO/

of Dahis.
0/ Oj

/ /

=j/

saw both of them paying them as blood mulct the best

part of their flocks which were ascending the mountain pass.

^^

In the obj. case, being

l^^"^"^' &c.,

noun

&}jr&xi pred. sent. (^-J^

e>l^-^

either

obj. case, being

Here some

^^-^iJ

ikj^^

sent, secondary obj. to.

)

= free from

to 'j*'^'^
defects

secondary obj. to

'

^ij>
'j

'

y^^ij

or paid without any demand.

In the

^^^^'^*-i.

copies have two lines in lieu of one, running thus

" So I saw them all paying them as blood-mulct repeated porThey were
tions of thousand after thousand, fully reckoned.
driven to one peox^le on account of other people as a mulct
hewg, &c."
kUlsi

one thing after another;

obj. o'

^ih^^*i'

S3
^i.A/c

^^

*-"'

to

a,ij\

o'~^

being>^*5

in tlie ol)j. case,

ir-^

o U-?^'^ anil ^
/

Oj

the inasc. gcuder, agreeing with

in

its

form-

to*-'^^.

sent.

iidj.

'*

^-^^

being cither

in obj. case,
/

///

J '^,

OjjO/

or
Z

lulj.

to

^ ^^

0/

" TAe camels belonged to a tribe abiding always iu one place,

whose power protects the people, when night brings them a
groat misfortune^

They

protect the unfortunate.

may

t5*

with *JyiJ*J

J ^^^
Or

pi-

j^^

Uere the prepos. phrase goes

tribe;

in line 4L.

of *^-^

pi.

J '^

of

(^^i

= on account of a

also

a collection of 100 houses, here used for the people.

= abiding near one another

many.

&c, adj. sent, to is^-

subj. to i*'^*-i the obj. being u'^^J^

of the persons

whom

By

c^-^

is

meant the

tribe

the poet praises.

" They are noble, so that the cue possessed of hate, cannot
accomplish his hate against them and the criminal, ivho takes
refuge with them, is not surrendered to his enemies."
Another reading

^^^

(*%i^ tr

'

^ J " Nor

is

be who commits a

crime against them safe from their revenge."

( Lr^ either
being ^^^ to

^ here
s.

/*

V**-" ^

the nom. case

or in the

andj3 and

(analogous to lT^J),
pred. being the sent,

c.-cpletivc v in the
cT//////^o////

and f*^*^ with the

" I have

(^=>

nom.

case

under.

is c/'-h'-^

((**') in

tbe gen. case, being adj. to

in

grown weary

^k'

^5"''^

'

subj,

<^j'^i in the first case;

other case.

o/o//

I/O/

of the troubles of life

//

jn

and he, who

84
lives

eighty years

doubt,

grow weary."

will^

raayest

have no father

tliou

ij ilton

(ij^JU) obj. of time.

^J^

'"i

tlie

'

of specification ^i^.*^ 1 L>^^^*'

obj.

''.'^

*-*'''

commoa term

In the obj. case, being subj.

pred.

of imprecation.
{('**'')

after ^

which

\^Ajy

ur-^^

is

being i>^=^^^ , under.

This and the following lines are

among

the best instances of

ci-*'*.'!

Jivcjl,

general maxims, embodying, as they do, excellent precepts of morality and

ethics.

In

this

and the following

lines,

all the

aorist

verbs, preceded by

^^

are jussive,

being

^^'*',

and those that follow

are

also

jussive

being *[>'^.

**

And

before

mom'ow;
'^^}

%s*^

know what

but

it,

am

In the
(adj.

^*-^*

i.e.,

the figure

being obj. of time

obj. case,

from

<^' ^^

knowledge of what

pred. to the subj.

itj** ),
its

relative

^^? J^^^-*

after

tiT^-'

clause (*^*); elliptical for

fj^-*

'/*-?'*'

the preceding and not any other

(i***-'

will haf^en to-

ignorant.''

'< relative,
f^-i-*'*^'

So also ^^

has happened to-day and yesterday,

verily, of the

'

^^'

or

past

day.

An

instance

of

an expression, superfluous but defining more

accurately.

''I see death

whom

is

he meets he

become

like the
kills

blundering of a blind camel;

and he whom he misses,

him

and

will

old."

/o/

^i^

lives

an

infin., in

''<

the obj. case, being cogn. obj. 6^-'^^ Jj*-^^ to ^->^"'

under.

f\j^

a diptote

o^'Ai/o^Ai

account

of

SdjC>,^^ i-Jl, fem. of

85
Object of 't*^^ ami ur^*"*
the

tig lire

^/ J

>/

"

is

^'^

uniler.

ox

/o/

/j

lie who does not act with kindness in

be torn by teeth and trampled under foot."

And

will

^^'i'J

51

of

exaiDplo

c>^ Sec, an

'

f^.-~^-'

^^-^ ^S^-'^^'^i

*-^^"

^'^-^^ i^J

'^

J in 0/

many

affairs

^'^ oj^**-* lcl*s^

cir-^j

''
And he, who makes benevolent acts intervene before
honour, increases Ms honour; and he, Avho does not avoid
abuse, will be abused."

The meaning of the line apjiears to be he who prefers actino; benevolently

means of increasing his honour will find his honour thereby

to seeking

increased.

e^'^^iu defence

ejj>i
8 in

when

it

t^

refers

would mean, "

nj

52

A^

" He,

who

is

will

It

may as

r^/nj

0/

//

/'*J'^

^^^

:!

well be taken to refer, to

oj^**-''.

do more benevolence."

(i;*^

J-)/

C'^'^i^

of.

uh^

to

o/
/^'^^J

.'.

possessed of plenty, and

o/o//
(Js-^-?;^

is

r,

(J^jli tJo ^^xj

miserly with his

great wealth towards his people, will be dispensed with, and

abused."
13 the objective form of j'i

di^

coord, to
/

"

o /// / o

He who

obj. of

*-^:!

'-^:!.

jji/ /^j n

/o J

/ /

rs

/r,j /

J o

/ /

keeps his word, will not be reviled; and he whose

guided to self-satisfying benevolence will not stammer."

He will talk as a man who has no cause to fear.

heart

is

^^

Another reading
is

U^^i

c^j =

be

rthose

heart

inclines

to,

joined ^^ith,

^aJ

^i^li.0

*s:*^^"

i)

^^

aUo =

= (^^^^^f

^^

will not fall back.

L.jJ:^*^'* also

= pure,

anil

firm.

and

80
/-

-J

''

And

ho

him, even

if

j/n/ /

in

/ /

/ n / /

n //

who dreads the causes of death, they will reach

he ascends the tracts of the heavens with a ladder/*

^^y ^i

2 0.j;^,

^iiS'^Jj

=death

ci^*^ l^>^^j>.J

will

overtake you

although you may be in strong towers."

i:i^H

3rd

''And

per.,

fem.

pi.

who shows kindness

he,

to

one not deserving of

and be

praise will be a reproach against him,

it,

his

will repent oj

having shown kindness.^'

The showing

may

of mercy to the sharp toothetl leopard

be an oppression

to the sheep.
''*i in the obj. case being pred. after i^^i

^j

j~

56

0/ ~j

(* '>''

n/

J^

"-^i^J iS^

n J

l^*-'
'

^M

/J

.'.

2 ^J-*

/
I

0/0//

/o/

o I^J=

U^*i

i^'^J

" And he who rebels against the butt ends of the spears,
to obey the spear points joined to

then verily he will have

every long spear

He who

sJiaJt."

prefers war to peace will be killed in battle one day.

The wandering

desert Arabs

when they met

ends of their epears towards one another

the points

Home

if

if

used to present the butt

their intentions

were peaceful,

they intended fighting.

take the butt end to

hard matters.

The

line

mean easy

matters, and the points to

would then mean to say,

"lie,

who does not

mean
yield

to easy matters, will have to labour untler great evils."

ij^^J^

^^

>

ph

of

/'i''^*

=hi(jher part)

suppressed by a poetical license.

^-jO

'idj.

sent, to

C5-' '^^.

in the obj.

case, to C-

-^

with

its

87
<J^ In

rase

olij.

llie

sooondnry

boiiip;

to '^^^j

ol)j.

or '"' J^-*^-^;

the

picp. (^' being under.

^->

An

^'* introducing

in

example of the
/^j

''

And

who

ho

tank, will have

I,

Antithesis.

0//O//0-/J

^^i^^J

U^.

npodosis to

tlic follouinc^ sent.,

figure

O/O/Oj/ZO//

docs not repulse witli his weapons from hia

it

broken

and ho who docs not oppress tho

people will bo oppressed.'*

here metaphorically (^j '***'') used (or fj^ in the sense o
" honour," or anything which a man ought to protect.

U^J'^
" rights

,"

:/j/^/o/o_/j/o//

''

And

who

he

j/

j/

travels should consider his

and he who does not respect himself

Do

n/

/n/ n

friend an

will not

/ /

enemy

bo respected."

not consider every stranger you meet a friend.

The

first

hemistich

"He, who

may

also mean,

goes to foreign countries, takes an enemy for his friend, for

ivant of experience."

/O/

*'

..

And he, who

people, and

- O/

is

j/O/

/jO/ //

o/o/

o/// o //

always seeking to bear the burdens of other

does not excuse himself //"O/ji

it,

will

one day by

reason of his abasement, repent."

/^Ai f^liJ\ jJa.^a^j Lit.
litter,

by the people

^-ft^ obj.

J^^A^
l^^
In

pred. after

JM^>

J)

the

to

used

as*-^-^, or

(^^y-J

one of

J J*^^ )

agrees uith u^^-*

jussive, being coord,

to be

).

andLT^-^' 2ndobj.

obj. of time. (^^*

'4^-*i

"-^.xJ

= allow himself

^jf*^t
;

to

''-^f^-'

'** i/l.

hence

J^:!^.

in fem.

gcud.

camel

88

//O

>////0/
"And

o/o

Oj/

/o

whatever of character there is in a man, even though

it concealed from people, it is known/'

he thinks

know more

People

about us than we imagine.

eJ^ Explanatory to '*^

The

sent, u"^-^-'

o^

ij^^

'

gl*^l-j_;4 0.J

a 0/

c:
I

secoiul. ol)j. to

t?^^"*

(^x UjJ

Oj //

l*iiij ))j

.,

'^

j/n/ / s;
^ o/ o/ j/// n //
<r^J (^UJl J*ic-^"":! J_).j5) (j..^j

" He, who does not cease asking people to carry him, and
does not make himself independent of them even for one day
of the time, will be regarded with disgnst."
a-

l^-'

'

and ^-^J

time

^"^Ji obj. of

U*i ^

*'

ill

1st
^v

and 2nd

^^_>''

'

jussive, being coord,

Many

silent ones

oljj,

^J^

you

to 0-*:^^'^i

uji^

to

see, pleasing to you, hut their excess

ivisdom or deficiency will appear at the time of talking."

As long
(Giilistan,
iji

ijj'^

man

as a
Isfc

= ^^

in the obj.

explanatory to

c^/ct^ and

/^^kj

V'^'"

case, being obj. of cf-?"*

iji. '^

adj. to (-^^j

/"^^ subj.

/m./

f)

::

The tongue of

mind, and

there

a
is

j -

under.

^^^'^

and (^^^^

j/

&c., adj. sent, to

/^objand

''

has not spoken, his defects and his merits are concealed.

chapter, 3rd tale).

'(jT*

prcd.

/o/ o//

jj/s> s

<">

subj.

and

'^

/Oj/

is one half, and the other half is his

nothing besides those two, except the

man

shape of the blood and the flesh."

(it'--'

"-^-a' prcd.

so also i

'^ and

^'^''.

89
the nom. rase,

ill

^J^'^

Ix inp; sul)]. to

(^J ^^

tongue and his mind."

his

Another instance of the

jn/

"

And

after
If

it,

man

figure ^^.-^^^

/o c

i /o/

j/'^/ /o

verily, as to the folly of

but the young

is

a fool

man

'

/m

/ /

folly

his old age, there can be no

in

n ^

man there is no wisdom

may become wise."

an old

after

hope of his ever attaining

wisdom.

Aud

the ohl

man

uever abandons his nature until he

is

concealed in the

dust of his grave.

bad habit, which has taken root

the day of death.

jU )/

<>.*j

^^^

the final

to the

rhyme

rhyme

called *'^^I

j*

being subj. after *; pred., being the adv. phrase

which forms the rhyme

poem, which

of the

is

jj^'^^.

CS'JJ

An

) is

(^^*,

U*^-*^

contrary

instance of the defect in

Obs. the double Antithesis,

'^k '^-^

'.

j*^s^" l^c^ jUiJl^irt ^^x!j

65

not go away until

a sent. pred. to '-.

in theobj. case,

j^^"

in one's nature, will

(Gulistan, 2nd chapter).

We

,.

^JO.fj tJA^j ^H1"1 IaJU

"
ashed of you, and you gave, and we returned to the
asldng and you returned to the giving, and he who increases the
asking, will one day be disappointed."

J ^5
^^^
Ad

infinitive of intensity.

obj. of time.

instance of Climax

^i V''

90

x*^iJi^j^^aJi
THE FOURTH POEM.
Written by Labeed Bin Eabce *ah Al-'Amiri, who became a
Mahomaden, and died in the 41st year after the Hijraj when
he was 150 years old.

The metre

poem

of the

c)^K^)\^JX cLj^^ sj^^^*-^'u'*

the

is

first of J^;

'^J

or, v,^'^-'

J^^')} "whioh consists of

t^i-^^i>-^^

repeated six times.

This metre, J^^-'l {=pe7'fect)
lodious flow, and like

Arabs

for all kinds

Ji^-^-'

is

is

mnch admired

for

its

me-

very extensively used by the

The measure

of poetry.

of the line

is

large enough to accommodate words and sentences of any

length entirely and independently of another line. As in

Jj^Ul
each
no word is,
stiches,
article

a rule,

as

roomy

enough of itself,
between the two hemi

being

hemistich

divided

except in the case of a word beginning with the

may go with the first hemistich, leaving
, where J
I

the following entire word to the second.

The following
this

are the kinds of

metre are subject

o Uj

to

which the

feet of

(1)

J'-<^o^l, (or

making

the second moveahle letter

quiescent

of a foot), which turns t^l^fai^ into

^UaI^m

It is extensive

in use.
(2)

{^}jU

{or

the

suppression

of the second

n J
(/
i^^l^Uix into ^^^s^is.^

move<ihle

letter) f

which turns

It is of rare occur-

rence.
(3)

J>^

divesting

the

or simullaneoushj dropping the -ith Idler

stcond

letter

of

its

^-^j^j

and

which turns

91
^ylj:'ii>o

iuto

cj'*^*^'*

hernuse of

It ia bal fo uso

its

putting

tho metre out of harmony.

Example of

scansion.
tj'-it

^btiix
^n.

|.JI

The rhyme

tai

(-i'-i^

'^*/

//i

t:;^^l^^'<

with *^ for

is *alli/o

stant syllable

(j-^^r*

Further

'if''*

^^IxUixj t^i^Ui^

of tho class of t^^l*uJI

(/>-te),

The ^jy),

{or the

moving vowel)

[or

/^^ and ^j^-^,

,

the i^jj

,J..

|.JU

rhyming letter^) 13
and with the con-

called J'^y'*l*,(or ^Aeaif^ac/icfZ

I*,

7noving vowel j) is
i

as in the previous poems.

;

' ''

^JU

|.JU

/j

is

(or

l^

</ie /eiier

preceded by

I;

;)

whoso JlfiJ, (or

of iirolongation,)
called ^^j

^s^ for itsjj.^, (or the

Hence, the

*i

^>

poem

while the

is

moving vowel of the preceding

termed ^j l-^iJ e^-<A-^ ^i ii^^^^ dj^
'^t

{i^^.^>) is called *U-'lj ii)j^jx) *i*-h/o

with

letter).

UrILa:
;

The poem contains a description of rural life and the pride

and deeds of his ancestors.

of the poet in the noble qualities

''

0/ the houses of my beloved, their position and

Mind have been obliterated, and Ghol and Rijdm
have become deserted."

77ie

fractiiS

their site at
tiear it

The second
and

its hills

t^-^-*

either feminine,

'4'^"*

and

(JUi^ill
"^J^J.

hemistich

may

also

and a diptote, or masculiue and a

its

wide extent

triptote.

j^i<^'^

J^O-

&c., adj. sent, to ts^-*

laid

Mina, where

at

'if-^'^^in the iiom. case, being in apposition with

"Also the water-courses

wery

mean "

have been inhabited by wild animals."

bare, so as to

of

lie

Rayyan of which the traces

worn out and invisible from a
;

92
.distance,

hni

visible

as writing intrusted

a'pfroach,

&)i

to tlie

hard stones/'
t*

'

'^^ lu the

being subj. to

case,

adj. sent, to CJ ^O"^

i^j^
^*^

nom.

ij^j

obj. to u?*'^

the subj. being

o/

-.

iS^j

"The

_^

of i^'^^j and

pi.

j/

j/

traces of

f*^-*^

i^s

and coord, to h^^^

^-^^

^^^^^

and

'* referring to t^-=^j

/ / /

of **^'*'

cy/

n/ /ni

/ ::/ /

people remain, althovgh since the time of

many

their inhabitants

pi,

/o//

adj. in the obj. case, being

'

^^

*:!

whose

years have been completed,

sacred months and non-sacred months have hoth elapsed."

^*-

is

the

name

given to the eight

months of

the year during which

the Arabs consider war lawful.

(

four mouths in which they consider war unlawful,

L?-* the

In the nom. case, either being in apposition with jk'^^

e^'*'i

',

(V***

>

or being

pred. to c5* under.

fJ^^ } &c.,

^^

adj. sent, to

subj. of

(V.

o^^^

adj. sent, to

J ^^

and f^j^

in

c;'*'

"5

'

?"^
the

nom.

case, being in apposition

( U^*'^'

'

J'^J)

with ^?^'^'
/

l.g..l>i>^

J 0/

jO/

^^^^'S" <>*'j^-'l O'^j

//
*.

W-?^

ji

^?;^ l^-*

J (*->?='

n / J
"^^jj

''They have been supplied ivith grass by the spring rains of

rainy stars and the shower of the thunder-clouds, their
heavy downpour, and their gentle showers have affected them."
tlie

"

Some consider '^'jj and k-> "^ to be optative (^-i-* '*>), meaning
"
and may they be rained by
May they be fed with

^'Lt*

In the obj. case, being secondary obj. to "^*jj

93
(j^^ mcnns stars generally
whicli In tlu'ir vh'iwj; luul

here,

si'ttin<;

'^^

or the mnnsions

'

dawn, wore

lit

sii|)i)t)si'il

of the ntooii,

tu britij^ rain, wiiul,

heat or euUl.
pi.

ij-?:-?'^^

of ^^'j'^

= oi

boni

spring,

si)ri[ig.

iti

'

fj^^

t?:-'

'^^=:ilie

rauis of the spring.

^^^

:iml (^-^j

"Being

apposition with

ill

n/

f_j

the rain

z.

J '^'.)

i3

^J

>

////_^o'

o^

from every night-cloud, and morning-cloud

and evening cZo7/(/ whose thunders respond

pouring- incessantly,
to

one another."
ciJ-*

explanatory to

^^iwiJiA;

in

'^^

^jj'

= (il>scuring

also

'

in

the previous line.

^-^ under.

^^./-^ adj. to ^J

the sky.

adj. phrase to
^t'^'jj'vj^^"^:
the nom. case, being its subj.

An

instance of

/J

//

/i--^-*'-'

/i/

''^i'*'^

"*

vj^^

being

partie.

and

('jj'

'

0//0/0

/j/n

o //o //

jj///

" So the branches of Aihaqdn grew high, and the deer and
ostriches brought forth

two sides
Here

young and

laid eggs respectively

ostriches,

in

*-^^

by a figure of speech, (called

bring forth yonng, though they only lay eggs.

abundant

on the

of the valley."
^'*--'
'

),

ore said to

Instanceb of the kind

are

Arabic poetry and prose.

/:zi/ =

" And the wild cows, having

The above two

// s/

lately calved,

over their young giving suck, whose

lambs have herded

{i. e.,

jO

r,

are standing

the valley's)

young

in the plain."

lines point out the

abandonment of the place by human

beings, the wild animals being left undisturbed.

ij^

of

pi.

lu the ohj

^-'"^

= adoe

days after having brought young.

10 or 15

case to denote condition.

^-^

94
Je'

-*

&p., adj. sent, to cJi*-'

Either laa.

(*^^

13

past tense

'

or iJ^^^

syncopated form of

aorist,

(J.s>. '*J

off4^ pl.of'^"**^

pi.

" And the

have cleared away i]iQ dust fi-om the ruius,

if they were books, the text of which
"
the pens have renewed.
floods

ivhich sliine as clearly as

That is, the ruins have come to light again, as faded writing,
pen has again heen passed over it.
'
^'
'
\^
j^'j pi. oi jj^j y in the nom. case, being pred. j-i^ after u ^

after the

'

^^
U^

1^

&c., adj. sent, to

&c,

14:^1.^^

jO

adj. sent, to

c^^O*

Jj^^-"

d^j*-'^

^^^^

'*j-?^

'^"'

^-^h t^j

j^

" Or as the repeating of a tattooer the operafiim of tattooing,

her indigo or soot is sprinkled in circles, above which her
tattooing appears/'
That

is,

the tattooer brings to light the old marks by sprinkling indigo

over them.

^J, pred.
-^

Uaf
or

after

(pi.

coord, to y.j in the preceding line.

of*^^)-

In the obj. case, being secondary

obj. to '^**'

J^^.
0^^*J

&c., adj. sent, to '*^^

--

.-

Either u^^*-*

^r

-.

syncopated form of o^^**-*

or

o^^*'' P"st tense.

Then I stood questioning them, concerning the inhahUants,

of what avail is our questioning rocks and houlders lying
'*
their places for ever, whose speech is not clear ?

*'

And
iu

a^ m

&c., adj. pass. sent, to ^-^Ij

95
TItnt

what

is,

is tlie

^'^*-' adv. sent,

lIJUj^ suhj.nnd

ol'j.

use of qucstioiiii){? lifiluss objcets?

showing 0^=^, [AxHs^ ^^*^).

-"i^ prcd.

to ^^^ '*^*.

^'^

nnd

^L?-^ a diptote i^j'^^'^ ji-^

&c.,adj. sent.

er^)i'^,

" TAe
and

in it;

12

is

h^

its

U'^

after that all its inhabitants

shrubs were

the trench

it

/.

in the early

had

morning,

left."

dug around the house

l^^.:i.^-aj LUaJl^^^iij

j^rF^' under.

adj. to

then they departed from

trench and

its

Tlie trench

'^^

being an extreme phiral.

became empty,

/iO?fse

been once

I^^Ji*^-'

to carry off rain-water.

(_^J:A.

^ae^

l^^xii (-^ii(^

" The women of the tribe excited your desire, when they
were mounted on their camels and concealed themselves in the
how dah -frames covered with cotton curtains, the tents of which
creaked being quite ncio."
U*-'= ph of ^^i*-^
any woman.

U-ii^ vide line 4 of

=a

woman

Poem

travelling in a

camel

litter,

and generally

I.

Another reading '^U ^jj

^'^^

&c., adj. sent, to

Another reading
In the

ol)j.

c^'.

^-'^^ (pi.

case, being ij'-^

/

SZ

of

U-^*) = in

a train, or with their retinue.

T// 5 0/

^-

;S

>

jO/

-J

''Namely, every howdah covered 7viih cloths, whose poles

by a silk brocade, on which there was a hght awning

are shaded

and

its

ij-^

curtain."
= namely), explanatory to

o^^*'*

adj. to

^^J^

under.

'^-^'i-^ in the

preceding

line.

96
2^>*'

iJ-^i, &c., adj. sent, to

yi^^

/^y

obj. to '^^i

^jj being

to

&c., adj. sent,

^^'^

referring to

^ jj

the subj.
'i^^

subj.; f*

'y

(4;T*jllfti2 5_^=.j *UJij

14

'-<

pred.; *^^, and

.'.

" Being women in companies,

ls_^s

^^^3 ^Uj

were as

ty/jo

tjjl^

iU.j

looking as

gfoot/

if

they were the wild cows of Toozih on. the litter ; or the does of
Wajrah, it'*s white deer turning towards their young.*'
That

women were

the

is,

looking towards the poet, turning round their

heads, as they were departing.

The eyes of

woman

a beautiful

are

compared to the eyes of the wild cow,

which are large and have a tender look

a beautiful neck to the neck of a deer.

^^^j

of

(pi.

the obj. case, being

), in

a diptote '^j'^^-^ j^.^

f^y^

^^-is in

^^*j and

an adv. phrase,

>^J

the obj.

Vide

iJ^'OJ.-^jt^

on account

l^

in the obj. case, being

(*'

*J

of *^-t

(pl-

of

^O

^=

Another reading
-fl^* pred.

15

(^^^
/

[^K

/ /

Ujj

to {j*-^

I.

(/**') after

of '^^^^^

t^-?

'

'-^

Poem

being subj.

case,

lA in lj.jy refers to

(pi.

line 2 of

the poet compares

o 1^

't'^'

being the pred.

-ij-.'=

a diptote

in thera, whilst

or to

<i

rvhite deer,') in

'

*J

'^*

'

and h*^^

J '^

to *^^^

the nom. case, being subj. to *-ft^

/

'"^^^

sxj

n/

_^

tf'"

'

Here

'f*' *J

'

subj. (

'

__

<^^^

and

jo/ //

l^i'i

^AJ

//

f-f/jfz

^ '_>^

.'.

UJ

1^

'-r--'

/
'

// // n / J

'6k ^jj

o>^

were driven on, and the valley Sarab became

and they were in the windings of the valley
of Beeshah passing as loftihj as if they were its tamarisk trees
and its rocks."
''

T/ie camels

distant from them,

That

is,

the camels ucre

tall

and

big.

!)7
/
*_

'3^'

llic

111

case,

()l)j.

l)cii)<;

^J:^

^ ^'^'^

'

^^^.\
<-^^

tJj.waix^J:i

and ^4^'-^j,

'

fov

<^JiJ U mij

AA^Ji:

jjicd. after ejl^-

16

what

''N;iy,

/s ^

yon aro remembering about Nawar, when

she has departed, and

Zio//ithe

s^ro??.^/

ropes oj nioetmg ivilh her,

and the weak ones have been cut ?"

TIio poet

here addressing himself, and sajs

is

it

is

ahnost Iiopcless to

eiuleavour to meet Nawdr.

<-^^

J"
-^

conjunction

ii

<-S^^*-J

i3j^

i'^"'

Jl^-'ljlj

is

//

i^:^^^

/O

^U

a diptotc O;-^-^-*^-?:-^

17

'^^^

syncopated form of^^

jin'^^'j

jh^

introducing a new subject.

->-.

/O//
j_^jti

0/////0/

/O/

jts:^

'

Ja

.-.

cijjj^j

oi-Aiij

0-/<7-..

oU

Aj^;S

w of the Murrian tribe, who has taken up licr abode

and drawn near to Hijaz; so how may there bo in
"
you the intention of meeting her ?
''/S/ic

at Faid

Faid

is

the

The poet

name of a strong fort.

Na^ar by force.

telling

is

himself that

it

is

impossible to take
'ij'^o

i'^

In the nom.

used

count of

its

as

case, being pred. to is'^ subj. under,

o^^-^^i-^

for ^^i-*

medial letter being

t.^/cl^/0 subj., ci^J

'

^J

(j'^'-*'

and

*-i*^^

though

ti^'^i-Aj

on ac-

pred.
/

S/O/

Sometimes she stays in

r,/-tl

the countnj

::

/^

ryf

r,

/// o

on the eastern sides of the

two mountains, (^jV/a and Salma,) or at Muhajjir, then Fardah

contains her and then Rikhiim adjoining it."
13

>iy

o>'A^^^*^

useil as a triptofce (oy'^^/o)

o 0/

diptote

o /o

" Then Suvayiq contains her

her probable place of stay
nom.

(3^ '-?^ In the

goes to Yaman, and next

^'^^^

^_^^^^ji^,

It is

and so admits

license,

^k^), and ol-=^j and (*^^

subj. (I

/j/

if slie

/ '

Vihaf-ul-Qahr or Tilkliam."

is

but here used as o_^'^^- by a poetic

^^^

5:z

being co-ord. to

case,

by a poetic license.

0//0/

pied. (_;'?^

i^ij^'^

).

s
l^AAJ *J-l3/e=Z,ii.,

-9

-^J

0/

^V

or ^t^-*

'

where she

is

supposed to be or thought to go.

also, pi. of '''^=^j=a hillock, or environs.

/o
o /

20

or

'

U^l^-^

J-^4"'

'

name

of a place.

J'* J ^i^"',)

^-^-^

.*.

''J^-^j

u^^*^

LJ'*

''''^'^'

i-'='^''

whom

''Then cut off the desire of meeting one, union witli

exposed

is

him who

For, in this case the best for

to difficulties.

desires the friendship is the cutting off of the desire."

That
your

the person

is, if

requite

him with

his

own

Lit., the best of those

it off

up

whose friendship you desire should not care for

you to sever your friendship with him, and

affection, it is better for

treatment.

who

respect the bond of union is the one

as soon as the affection ceases ; or the best

as long as there

is

who

cuts

keeper of friendship keeps

a reciprocity of affection, but severs

it

it

as soon as the

affection ceases.

and ( '^'^ pred.

^i-=^ subj.

O'* a

pronoun (J^'^^*-'

relat.

to *Jl-*^j

Of^*-* here =
so as to cease.

in

j:

S.i.A.

'('**') in the gen. case, being

relative clause {^^'^)

its

^^.^

is

for

liable to

emphasis

change

'^i^

being
;

^''^j

swerves;

o^^*"*
is

ol-a/o

'*"'
'

inconstant

or

altered

is

^^ )

(Jac

lj=one who

unites the bond.of union; friend.

The second hemistich

worst friend

is

the one

who

also

reads

/
5; J
a;/
^^^ Lr^ ^}^

i ///

^^ 'j j'^J

= " The

wilfully severs the bond with an offence

"

99

//
21

'4^

" Ami

I3

/ / /

J ^*^i^

jjn /
A-Lr^j

'SI 6^^

.-.

bestow upon him who acts

while the severance

g'ifts,
it

ly ^

of his

becomes weak, or the support of

o/o

-well

/jojo/

Jxts.-^l

c]:;>s:-^b

towards you

friueclship

is

v^

_,

many

reservetl,

if

inclines; "

it

///

V"'^
ci/c

Imperative from 4=^ for ^*-^

'

[s*^

also

= one

Another reading

wlin coaxes you.

=:' one

lI'*^'=-"*

who

rcqnites

?/o?<r

love,' or

'one

who

pnts np with your coniluct.'

cAi>?
<3W

'

adj. to

oj^xJt

= in reserve,

{^gift) or '^j^

'

{affection), under.

or lying at your option.

o ///
'^^**"'-'==limps.

o ///

Another reading ^*^'^

3 i"

^j^j

(^

subj.,

is

and

Subj. to *^*i-t

J l^"^ J
'

(3^-^

is

= deviates,
'j

swerves.

pred.

A-^^j

Another reading U'* l^^

Lo

which

the.

pron. ^^ in U'ol^^ ^Iso refers.

straightness.

its

" By the help of a she-camel, thin from many travels, ivhich

have left hut the remains of jlesh upon her so that her loins
and hump have become thin/'
;

That
one's

By

is,

one should leave the society of the

as quickly as possible.

man wbo

is

indifferent to

friendship

a thin camel

is

meant one

in condition to travel quickly

one inured

to hard travelling.
f:^'-^

U^y,

adj. of

common

gend. to ^^'^ under.

&c., adj. sent, toj'^'*''.

/

//T/O/O/-///

O/-////j0/

//

" Then when her flesh becomes scanty, and she grows tired
and her auklc-thongs fall to pieces after her fatigue /'

100
jjjJUj =:

grows

Another reading

dear, or scarce.

^-^^

Jj-'

rises or collects at the

heads

of

her hones from

fatigue.
/ /
\)\.

f>\<>^

..

/ /

oi f*'^^,\A. oi^-^i^^

a leather ring fastened npon the pas-

tern of a caniel, to which the thongs

(*'^*)of a leathern shoe

('-^*-')

arc

attached.

24

i*^ '*^ v^^?^

'

"-"^ ^^-ff^

i-tJt^

f^'*^-'' L5* v''J'*

^*^*

" She siiZi feels joy in the bridle, andjUas quicJdy, as if she
were a red-tinged cloudy devoid of rain^ and travelling quickly
with the south wind,"
That is, the camel, although tired, is still game to go.
The pace of the camel is here compared to a fast-flying
^*^* &c.,

V^

apodosis to

'

'i

'

suhj. to the pred.

V^;

&c., adj. sent, to

cloud.

in line 23.
''

''^.

*^'4'* adj. to ^i ^'^^ under., in the nora. case, heing pied, after uj'j
-'=^,

"

&c., adj. sent, to *

Or

^*'^

as a pregnant she-ass,

donkey

ivldte in

stallions

the flanlis,

who has conceived

whom

to a wild

the driving of the

oihcv

from her and the kicking and biting them, have made

thiu.^'

The pace of

the camel

is

now heing compared

to

the pace of a young

wild-ass.
5*1/0 (=:-whose udder shines being stiff)

or

it

masc. in form, used for a female,

has no male of the quality.

*^-j &c., adj. sent, to ^*^-^

V^^l

is

O/.-aixj^Ai on account of

"-^^^

and

under.

^^^,Sic., adj. sent.

I* in

^-^j^ and

Obs. V^'-r^-'

'

toV^^'^^'

l-*l'5S'

or Climax.

refers to

Jj"^^^

i-^-*^-'

'

u;j

adj.

to^^^

101
/

Ml^jj

26

" Bitten and torn

lier

for

V*^^

J,

Uj^-^^ ^JIj^
ascends

lie

Is:^'*"^

.-.

slopes of

tlio

disobedience and carnal desire have

of^'*i

obj.

(^:s~"*'

W^^l^i

with her,

tlio hills

made him

duiiht

tinj ohj. case,

i,j

V^^

^'^^1

being

^-^ to

V^-=^

'

or in tbe noin. case, being

oO

luuler., subj.

ailj. to^-?;-'^

*:!

^}j'^

ic,

adj. sent, to j^.^

/

''In the

/jO

its

//O/ i/0/'

r^/

/r,

rough grounds

he goes; and although

fear

iu the valley of Thahiboot

J/-

up Avhich

places of observation are empty, the

in the milestones."

is

That

the donkey fears that some enemy

is,

may

be conccalcti bchiml the

niilestonos erected in the desert.

My'O^
^i ]jj

'j

^^j^

phrase, to

ailj.

adj. sent, to ^1>^<

^^

'

pi.

'

28

of

j* J

'

stones for the guidance of travellers.

j-f

/^^^'^

U^^i-^ J

In the obj. case, being ''i^'J^**'*

Oj'
(*

and l4'o'jT

Ijki

/ 1

^^^'^^

///

=
.*.

^^^=i-

*^-

/ / /

^^'^'^

tf'^^*'^

'-^i

Lf^-^^

"Until when they passed the month of Jumadu, complefhig

herbage so
as to dispense with water, so that his abstinence from water
and her abstinence was prolonged,"
six months, they contented themselves with green

"^

*^-*

Transitive, {j'^^*^ being

either in the gen. case for

Another reading

^-^^^

/J

Asr-^^

(^ 'i^*^

Jumada,

either the

the end of winter.

t^o

^^

= The Jumadu

its obj.
'*'

'

or in the obj. case, being

= The whole

'=

to

of Juuiada.

of the year.

whole of winter

or the Gth

month

of the yenr.

At

102
l*j=^ dual, past tense from

without water by eating fresh

to do

.O^

grass.
'^j

,.

Another reading 'O'^

{ = contenting,

*^ also

Infinitive in

the

case, being _)-*' to ^^

obj.

"^

&c.)

the time during which they had to content themselves with

Here

green herbage.

J nj

''They returned

in apposition with ci"

it is

/n

ilien

UA^/ou l*^j

(=

it

'^

^*'^'

as regards their

a strong and firm opinion

dc"pends uj)on executing

o/

///

own affair to co7KwZ^i^

and the success of a decided design

with consideration.

referred their affair), apodosis to

'

'

in the preceding

line.

^J"* ci"*^ adj. to

^^

t^-*

(=

'J

&c,, an instance of

minds and

/ /

maxim

they consulted in their

i.e.,

decided on resorting to a water-place.

finally

opinion) under.

tJ->-<' ,

//o^o

o/i / / //-

////

//

" The thorny shrubs pierced their fetlocks, and the summer
winds arose, with their veering breezes, and scorching blasts."

When

two asses returned to the plains

the

to

summer was

water,

setting in.
^SiM) ig a description of thorny shrub.

1*^-^

t^

and

in the

nom. case, being

in apposition (o^-*-' iJ'^-^j with

-,

(*^*

=
/

''

I*'***

In the nom. case, being subj. of

passing quickly
/

i J/

Then they vied

//o

fire,

burning, vehemence.

/J/

jj

///

throwing up a long column 0/ du&i,

were flying about like the smoke of a
the small faggots of which have caught fire j "
in

while the clouds of

lighted

(*'-(?*
;

it

103
ii2Aj
Ill

Jill

adj. to

^^Mi

imdor.

'j'-i-^

Sec, adj. sent, to

iix^^ an

adj. to j^-* under.

I-

,&c., adj. sent. toj^-*.

S-"":!
/

/J

;i

V-*-:! intr.

kindles

or V-^i pass.

/ /

'j'-J-^

"1.^
.i

^ j^'"^

ciiso, beiii- ohj. of

the oW).

'^^

pi of ^j^

32

o/

..

lighted.

is

of ^'^'J^ faggot.

pi.

(,

/j/

/o/

l^li-l jl>l.-.j[j ^yti.J.5'

^^ii "-^J

.*.

^^J

0/ J/ jO/
Vi.iU <Jj_y^.iA)

Blown upon by the north wind, tlie smoke becoming thick,

was mixed with the fresh branches of the 'Arfaj tree like
the smoke of a fire, whose high flame rose high."
*'

as

it

That

the donkeys were travelling so quickly that they raised a cloud

is

of dust, resembling thick smoke.

&}j^x)

adj. to X'' under, in the preceding line.

jin

It is derived from<-"-*^

the north wind.

^y^^ an
^J:

t*o

j*l\.*

It is

(1)

adj. sent, to

in

tiie

nom.

^-^

case, being subj. of the partic.

^^^

= going high.

/1*-<*1

J,J

o /-/

/o

l^;^

/ /

/ /

pi. of **^-'

i*^^-*'
/

33

read in two ways

(2)

j"

a partic. adj. phrase, to

jQ_^

o J^.c

a kind of fuel; or pi. of(*'-^-

^i

= highest

=//o /////-//

jo

ii^^

.'.

js

'^j

(^

J ^^-

'^

parts

///

J t5^*^

" Then he went and sent her on in front, and it was his
liabit, to send her in front when she inchned from the road.^'

He

was

Subj. to

afraiil

^^ ^

of her running away,

i.s

^"^^

'

if

he did not watch her.

{=sendoif/ in front) ^^^^ being the prcd. in the

obj. case.

The feminine gender

Either

(1)

>^

'

==

of "^J
^-^

^^^

1^

is

explained in twoways

= prorjress), which

is

fcmiuiuc iu furm.

104
Or.

I>JI

(2)

denoting an action of the female

J*

by

in the fern, geniler

^j ^

ass, the

verb

put

is

affection.

=/^o/

/ /

oj

:z

- /

" Then tliey entered the middle of the river, and cleaved
very

%catcrs, ivhich ivere

with

full,

reeds

its

/ /

its

adjoiniug

tJiickly

each other ;"

Another reading

= breadth.

cj'-^^^

adj. to ^^^^ under., in the obj. case

<^JJ^'^

L^:^iL> Ijj'-s:^'^ a partic. adj.

panic,

jj^^

''

//

^4^ ^^}

'^^\^

Zi

/w

-o

^-^"^

fj'^'^

'

.*

'f^'-^i

/o/

/o

Ij-?:-'

=/

jO

'=-j 'Xi^As'*

midst of reeds which shade

Enclosed in the

it,

some of

beaten down in the reed bed, and some were

were

w^hich

U^^'^i being snbj. to the

35

phrase

obj. to '^<^'.

being

to ^^.^

standing.^'
'i'i^yks.^ adj.

to

^h^

Another reading

'ii^'='*j adj.

^*j in the obj. case being

^^^^i adj sent, to ^ ^jt^

8

in

^^^

^j"^"*

referring to

'^*''^

and pred-

Or^^*^'=

(*^i'

pi.

J^*^*

'-^

^ji

'^h-'

'

the subj. being ^j'^'^ and

(*^'

.^Ia: [^IJij

to<J-^:!

of /^^^j

^c., an adj. scut to

^^a^'^

Here

^^^^

and

= standing ones.

^^ referring to *V-^
/

^-i*

'

&c., adj. sent, to

''*

f^^subj.

to '^^^, or

/~

J/

/ /

S/ jO

s::

n/

r,

/r

*'
Is i/ie cameZ like that she-ass, or r^/jer Zi/ce a wild cow, n7;ose
young has been eaten by wild beasts, and who remained behind
io hole for her young, while she was the leader of the herd, and

the director of it"?

105
This wild cow, being the lender of

than the

and her

rest,

tlic

anxiety- for her

was

fluck,

young

riiiturally faster

paced

make her move quicker

uovild

than usual.

and *^^-^j

<->->-i

"^^^^

^.^i^^ and

Or

in

adj. sent, to

the

nom. case being predicates to

*^"^j,

is J^^'j'j
/^//-o/

A wild

round the
lowing;"

and

and the following

/i/j/T/

= snub and depressed in the nose.

^J^

and

ill

(*-r^f*

sent,

^^

u^*fl-<

subj. is the implied jn-on., referring to

pred.

Here

c^-^i

Here

is its

^jcj- pred.

to be

construction

0/0///0/0

/Oj.

c:

&c. adj. sent, s to f^-^-^^

(V:!,'*-'

Another reading

tinued

latter

OfJ'*^ 111 the ohj. case, being

the

cow which lost her calf, auddid not cease her nioviug
rugged tracts in a saudy desert, and her

Subj. to
C^^(*^

jj,5li*j

to

under.

edg-e of the

fl^xs^ adj. to ^h^'^j

'^*-i'^

According

suhj. under.

" while the leader of the herd is her chief stay."

is

jin^i^^j
/

tf'*;

).

referring to ^^^^^j,)

""JO^A subj. and

pred.
i*'^*

the meaning

*'

'^^ pred. to is"^

under

adj. to ^/^^

W^

^*-?

f-^'*'-^'^

j U'_?J= suhj. and the adv. phrase

the sent, would mean, "she conroaming and lowing along the edge of

literally

the following state,

the rugged tracts iu a sandy desert."

/

//

i/j/

f /

5 nj

j/n

///

0/

-/J

young calf thrown on the dust, of a whitish

whose limbs are dragged by grey hunting wolves,

'^Seeking for a
colour,

who.se food supplj/

is

not cut off."

The wolves were always hunting and had

jkx^ iiUo = 'wanderin(j

with

^Jir

_yft*/o

;i,ij_

'" ''"*^ ^'^

to^, 3i_y.^

plenty to cat.

and lowing on account

=youtir/) under.

of,

&c

the

prep.

going

106
/

^j^-*"*

toji^^

&c., adj. sent,

^J^-^^ a<Ij.

to v^-'^

wolves), subj. to

ij*i^ &c., adj. sent, to ^k'^

UJs ^.J

I4X)

(1)

SI

js

= who are not obliged

=who

^j

\vayi5

besides

any one who may upbraid them

for their food to

who earn

i.e.,

(aj.

explained in two other

with the obhgation,

(2)

for themselves independently of others-

are so voracious, that their food

is

not bestowed on any one,

having never anything to spare.

/J

//

//o

//o///-

/o

/o

" Tliey met ber suddenly and seized upon her young. Death,
arrows do not miss the murk."

verily, is infallible, so that his

Sj

l^i/c

li'xA^

^JS^ Lo also

also=

I4X. [.^^ ui.J;ia3

stance of

ci-A-*''

they saw negligence on her part.

her with the destruction of her young.

pi-ed. sent, to

which

is

0/ -

k'-^^K the subj.

(j*--'0

after

'

an

in-

generally quoted.

^^^'^

Another reading
/

affiicted

^'

= so they seized upon her young.

//O

/OS/

Oj

//o/

o //

" She passed the night, and continuous dripping rain descended, whose excessive pouring continued watering the sandy
places constantly,"
^i^^. here r*^ J-**, a complete verb.
>-a^ \j adj.

to^-'*-^*

under., subj. to '^^^

iSJji &G; adj. sent, to ^*i ^

Intensive infinitive,
C^^"^^ an

^^

'^

111

'

the obj. case, being

subj. to (^ )ji

'^ to (^^^"^

The

line also reads in the following different

(1)

t4>cls:~-'

Uj bJj'-*^

'<^j_;J

"

J^'^*^'

^^jj^

ways :

which waters the sandy places

while itspouviugcontinnes." Here, the subj.

referring to **i->

t*^

c^j^J

adj. sent, to ^*i-^

is

the implied pron.,

Ki7
U^^^"~"'U-'
of

J ^='
(2)

a p.irtic.

-^

'

ami c^^"~

Irr^f^s:""-' ^-'

ami whose poiui\ig

':!J>.

//

*'The rain

\.4U\.^h

l^ix) a^^j. to

/n/

///

;;

j^^

doiioting J"-:^; UjIo

oI)j.

'>>

on the

down

line

y^'i

*J

&c., adj. sent, to

an

adj. sent, to

O/

//

tji;^ (4xix

jO/

AflJ^Jr _jljtj

the centre of her back inces-

which concealed the stars."

rain) under.

'j'^-*;

snl)j. to j'

//

^J

.-^

^jl.>

(Ii^-*^).

jki iix) J)

Another reading 'y

implied pron.

.subj.

santly, durino- aniglit, the clouds of

Ilcte U'^ '^"^

confinuous."

^Si^-

fell

*:!

being subj. to the participle^*^

oaso,

JjUi'^l^__c^y "whicli waters the sandy places

v>

is

plnase to

iioiii.

prod. U-?^) and '*^^^~"'

f*-?!^

41

lulj.

in the

in the obj.

case,

referring to ^-^^'j

being obj. of

o^^

to the

^^-J:-'

" She was entering amongst the roots of a tree with high
trees, standing ou the edges of sand-

branches, apart from other

hills,

and

whose

soft

sand poured on her from the

Tliat

from

Another
1.^/0

cow took

is, tlie

o^J^^"*

Ua

oj^

reading;

Jj..,j

of

wind

43

and

shelter

^^

<i'f>'-^^adj.

she,

= excavated for

'^^>^'^

tree.

Oa.-'^5

shelter,

from

V-?;'^

a pocket.

J^ T o '^s:-'

Here

<J^1'

pi.

of J-^'

<^^ J

i_^i

^-i^ 3

to^^"" under.

[4^ tij J.M. ^^^^-'

And

from the rain under a

{=- iiidde).

adj. sent, to ^^^J'

Anotlier reading

^'^

''

effects

rain."

{IJie co;/,-,)

AJ

U=^

ijt>^^

was shining

in

^ ^^i

the face of

darkne.':;s

brightly, like the ocean pearl, the thread on which

Laving becu withdrawn from

it.

it is

_,

very

strung,

108
The

would

pearl

from place to place on the thread heing Tvithdrawn

roll

cow

so the restlessness of the

depicted.

is

^^^^^ In the obj. case, being

J^

l^AilJaJ

(SJ^^

mUs:^

'^

aji

/o/

Until, wlien

instance of (^'^^^'
/

'

'^j^^. apodosis to

/ /

//'^

s/

darkness cleared away, and she got up in

tlie

ping on the damp

<^h^'^i'

o //o

n ///

i,

morning, she went forth,

the early

J>5

J^^

adj. sent, to *J U^-

her feet were

Avhile

slip-

soil."

'

'

(*V

&c., adv. sent.

^=^

*J*^

).

/ /

(^3

'

pl- of^l*

3'

fin

were thin and

arrow without either a point or feather, used for

The word

gambling purposes.

straight,

f ^j

is

here used to denote the cow's legs, which

also

= cloven

hoofs.

''
She was distracted with sorrow, and wandered backwards
and forwards among-st the streams of Su'aid, seven nights and

days, perfect days."

The cow took no

<i

rest

'V-' adv. sent, of

c-A-^J

Another reading
^jjlSj

J Ui

and

'^^'^^ continued

(Jila.^

us to where her ijonng might

J i>y

.*

^'

Ua
(* '.>'

JIaj and

pi. of

Iq

u^-t-J

of

^t

be, in

to

keep

at.

*^fli-c

o1.*j

or-sii

she

continued perplexed,

the sandy tracts of 'Alij,

'^V syncopated forms

case, being

i**^-'

= twins,

-"i*

i.e..

one of

it.

of

>>

^J-'^

J-^-J-^J

and

a tank, or pool.

tiie oljj.

(pi,

night while searching for her young,

at

(J^^^ pred. after

J^

Another reading

even

J ^-^

J^*^^

adj. to (/' ^^^

coupled with days.

under.

'^^^^"i

109
(^xtj
(*'d

iU- !^

paitic.

ji

phrase, to

iulj.

///>/o

^*-?-^

beiiijj subj. to

the iiom. case,

111

o^o/

the

<J^

jjiutic.

'^

//0//0///

n/

" Until, wliou she became hopeless, and her full udder
shrank up, which was not, however, dried up by her bringing

up her

i/ouiig

l*-*

l^j

= suckling

'

"And
and

it

and her weaning thevi,"

O^ '-^

&c., adj. sent, to

/^^:!

/o

rcailing

//

jT/

The cow
C.,<i>*>

fear,

/o/

/ /">

behind

-;:/

a])odosis to

0O..0 une of the

'>i

in line

'

UJ

^-"AJ

*V

o/_

to he

and before

Iter

know which way

did not

'="

In the nom. case, being

di ts*-'

j^J^/c

^j

noun

case, being pied, after CJ

'^^^

^^ ^'^',

with

Or
''' ')

and

'^>

'-^-^l-*'

or with

'

nouns

o ///

dangerous places,

her.'^

to go.

-l^j.

Ua

siibj

J|

j^g

s^]jj_

being the implied pron.

to the pred. sent.

sent., obj. of

whose
in

o/ o/o

referring to the cow, and pred. the rest of the line u'JirV^"^

^^

unseen,

perceived.

" She began to consider hoth directions

causes of

/-/ //

o = ///

'-^'*='J^->j=:
'

murmur r^/Ae voices of men

man is her disease/^

the

^^-^
J 'j and the sent, is adv.
J in u^^J ^ 'j is J
^Ua^ disease, j.(., enemy, causing alarm.
/

/o-

//

/ /

fear, for
-

Another

o/

0/

she heard

caused her

giving to suck.

subj.

V*-'^"'

i*"^

'

is

''

'

'

"^

V"*"^

ij-J"^ In

'&

which

&c.
&c.
the

the nora. case, being in ap])ositiou

or pred.

to the subj.

dual in the obj. case, being 1st

&c. being the secondary obj.

obj.

**

under.

to

V***^

nom.

refers to '^^
(

'^0

the noun sent.

110
Though
(i. e.

in the

i:j^.^j^

V-^"*

pi-ed. after

Some
fear,"

^ ^^

*' '^

interpret

i.e.,

case,

obj.

the

remains as

'

being an express noun, ^^

')

Prose order

e5 J"* to

'

"the hunter,

^^

^^.^j^^

for the

it is,

iw2/a
o^'

'"h-"

indedinable, t^^^'

is

'

^^

mean "the master

s^-^:-' e. <Xii

cause

of the

of

whom

she was
line would then mean, " She

master of the dogs,

or the

of

" the master with the dogs." The

began to consider both the positions of danger, as to whether the hunter
would surprise her from beliind her or from before her."
afraid,"

/o/=//

/ /

s n J

n/

:z

''At length wlien the shooters despaired of li'diinrj Iter, and

they sent trained hounds with creo,sed ears after her, while
their collars

li^i

( pi.

W^ 'j'^
t*:^

were dry,"

of

^^^' J

adj. to 't^^ under.

a diptote. 'Jj'^^-^^t^

U^lllJti aparfcic.

-t..2|

adj.

being extreme plural,

phrase to k^'^

m^ijj_ iofj}^>; pi. of **'^-^ or

Some

take

^^^

to

mean

would then mean, " with their

/

50

l4^ U5
J

U 0.^

i*^-^-^)

collars of iron or leather.

^^ ^'^^ ^^>
the creases of the belly.
i.e., " thin in their bellies."
'

bellies dry

/o -

v/o

j^.-.J 1^

.-.

Jij^^i.^

/o

o^xi'f 1^

t:;S^

//
-ii

" They came up with her and her thick horn turned upon
like a Samhariyan spear, as to its point and its entirety/'

them,

li,'^^

l^:^

and

'

apodosis to

U3 jU i^

^ij'^*'^

'^i

'

<x'j_,4j.*J 1^

inline 49.
ajj.

sent,

to

hj^'^

U^ Uj j

^'^

'^=^

subj.

pred.
/

^'O**** =made hy j^-^ , who and whose wife

for the straight lances they made,

jn ,
-//o/ 0/
/
/
51 l^U=^ ^^lJ\^K^ ^^ U5 ejt

.'.

'^^i'^j

0^/0/

o'i'Y''

liJ'

were remarkable

ni/r,//

'^^-^"'j

a.

i:^"*"

^/

>^J'^^''

" That she might drive them off, and she was certain that
she did not repel them, her fate had approached death."

if

JU
J

for

'~

//

A^l

purpose,

( iJ-?;^-**-'' J*

Jl

),

governing the

'^S^K "ilL

:iori;jL

^==*

i>3^^l

^i^-f..^

'--*-^^:!

iioiin sent., obj. tu

;i

O.i.J^-'

Obj. of

'

0^* under.

is

^^lOj apodosis

wi

to

" Tlieu Kasiib died from ber goring

and

Avas covered with blood,

wltli Iter

horn,

tSukham was

their

and she

left 0-ead

on

the scene of the attack.'^

X/^aj

jjie

V^**"^ a
it

usual word for " to

noun indeclinable

was a noun with the

j^'^ a

noun

"By

force of

of place o^.^'

to

V, because originally

an imperative.

^*^\

applied to a dog.

with tj-^^

from j^

//0///0/

/::

when

die''

ls-4-*

to attack.

///o

/-

/o/

such a she-camel, when the shining vapours of the sandy

hills put on the gar-

danced in the forenoon, and their

ments of the mirage/'

deserts

The poet now returns

to the

cam

a zebra and a hunted wild-cow.

jirevent

The

whose swiftness he has compared to

says that the heat of the sun shall

iiofc

him from pursuing his journey.

V in

preposition

nexti line.

An

'-^'^J

shows relation between

instance of the poetic defect, called

on Prosotly, I'oem

il

el,

He

obj. of time,

^^^

and t^-^^' in the

Vide remarks

ciJ-"*'^-'

1st.

c)

^-^Jr-*

'

^j^

in

the combination of ''l'^' with the

following sentence.

^^y either 'the deserts,

Subj. to

V^^^

'

^tf^

'>^

'

glittering in the heat

;

and

obj. ^i ^j

" I accomplish mi/ want, and

cion of otliers, or that the

obtaining that which

is

my

am

'

;'

or 'the glittering mirage.

not neglectful of the suspi-

reproacher should reproach

need."

me

in

112
J Jr^if

a^j
UJj
'

'

&c., a

adv. sent.

5)

noun

(^V^^ *W).

sent., co-ord. to

*^0

Or

%J

may be

being

in the obj. case,

sent., co-ord. to

In this

it.

///

&^^i

ti)

*' '^"^

'

case.

'.

'

'

''?0 ^*'^'*

-^y

object, for fear of suspicion or for

o / /

Or u'j'

(^*i cJ
-^

^=

'

J^*^'^ and

^'

'

do not

"^^

'^^0

flag hi

'

cJ

a noun

'

'

^ "-4

==

'

p^^:".

for

elliptical

tlie

pursuit

of

my

fear of that, &c.

so that, otherwise, lest.

The line then means,

no room for suspicion, lest

" I

show no remissness

may

in

my

pursuits,

and

leave

be liable to the reproach of one, rvho asks

any object /ro?rt me."

Another reading
Afl'a]

with **^^

^iij ^j'

is

Another reading

for suspicion.

nom.

ii)'

'

noun

in

sent,

the combination of

under. = lest I neglect any suspicion.

is

^^-^

Here ^j*

u;

'

-/

^j^

'

(^

/
I

noun

my

remissness would be a cause

sent., subj. to the pred.

'^j

(* '^'

is

read either,

^'Did not

( i. )

(*

'^

Nawar know

jd.

of

f'

);

that verily, I

or

( ii. )

am

'V

(*

the joiner of the

ivellj'

Part, of interrogation,

tfj'^-'
<-^-^

pred. after

'

c;^-*

^-^ a diptote, ^j^^-^ji^, but here used as o^'^-*^, admitting c^ij^^

by a poetic
CJ

the

intensive of

knot of the ropes of friendsld])^ and the cutter of them as

'

(in

case).

license.

introducing a noun,

J '-^ J

intensive agent,

being pred. after

'

sent.,

from

governed by the prep.

'-^^j,

andp'<^' from

f"*-^;

in

nom.

case,

113
/

"

am

its fate.

i:AJ_;j

t>*j

my

the fate of

he never stajs

them,

^\_f'i

unless

soul there.''
like,

but

it

may happen

some place disagreeable

able to leJlve

is

AixAsI

jJlJl

like

my

a place, which he does not

in

that ho will ihc before he

do not

binds

sonl,)

/O/ JC/

//O/O//
l^A<i^

.-.

when

a leaver of places,
i.e.,

'I'liat is,

/O/O/O/O/

Ji
j^^^iiJl

l^^U^

56

to him.

o/

elliptical for c) Ij

'

Or J

y'^

unless

0/0/
=()r

fV^

replaced bv

is

if,

e; 'j

elliptical for

'

or

'

^^'^Ji jussive, being

n /n / n/ /

run thus

'=^0.^

'^

'

f*^

co-ord.
/

(_^*J

'

'

fast;

Intensive agent from '^J^

/

57

l^;^

Ui

/^o/

Ia_^4J

<>j<i>J

In

when

wheu

the sent, in

full

would

do uot like them, or

hangs on.

i.e

himself.

0/

/o/ o

(jlij

i'iJ

.-.

Oh Nawur! do

" Moreover, you,

tt,greeabie

'

i*-*

-^ l^-*

but the

to them.

= sticks
= some of the souls,
/

be -^V^J

Another reading (j^*i

^^JiixJ

U-^j

to

^"^^J

'

me

oui,'ht to

it

// 0/

\vhen fate docs not kec|)

subjiuictive jussive.

i)00tie license.

'

Or

Here

else.

'

by
a
"

and ^^jt

not

0/

^^^-

*r

/
0/ n/
^ <^i\ Jj

know how many

pleasant in their

temperature,

0/

(^tJjO.3

nights,

amusement and

carousal, I have spent;'*

^i'

lo,i.jx)

subj., the pred.

t^-*
l^/o

t^

<>.i

'^

U^4J

and

^^-^

of

(''*''

verb, noun

Or

mav

In the

^Jr
tnent.

*^*"'

Au
13

^^"^

an

*^ij^

i^j^ij

c?'^

iQ the

next

line 53-64!.

adj.

phrase to

*J"i-'

>^ >>'

gend.

A^o^^vx)

=^

the

case,
'

being ^'i'^'cU ojo.3

) ,

be|)l. of ^i"^^

latter

'

the nora. case, being, subj. to the adj.

common

^|j.i

it

('

(ij i.J

in

J^=^

Vide

izfi*'^^' '

Another instance of
explanatory to

being ^J;-^^-'

line or in the obj. ease,

"^^

'J'

instance of

boon companion.

last

hemistich

^^ cheerful

its

may be taken

carousers and pleasant

VV*-* U^*'' '-^^^

'j

^^^

'

to

mean,

its

amuse-

114
Another instance
a(hlressing Nawar,

of

of

<^'-^^J^K

whom

Here the

poet

abruptly turns to

he spoke in the third person

in the ])receding

lines.

/j>/-i://o/jo

"I passed

J 0/ /

/////

ii

n/

and nianv a
was raised and the

tliem conversing with vnj cumpanions

sign of the wine seller I went to,

wine had become high

when

it

in price."

l*j./ol^ o-j5.5 pi-ed. sent- to

in the preceding line.
f>^

jx.

i^a

tijg qIjj

i,^

case, being pred. after

*-^:'

by j (
VJ many a). It is a sort of flag hling
outside taverns, much the same as an inn sign in England. Tlie flag is
taken down when all the wine is sold.
*d ^^ in the gen. case,

^i' 'j

its obj. ^^

under.

Subj. to >-^*^j the implied pron. referring to ^i^^

'^

make

leathern

the purchasing of wine

bottle

of old wine

contents of which have

expensive by buijiny every

or leather-covered

flagon,

the

been poured into glasses, and the seal

broken/'
{^^ ^

'

a diptote, J/'<2.^^^i-c , adj. to (3} {ivine-skin) under.

*^J-^ a wine-jar, smeared with pitch, co-oril. to

'"^^-^<^-

and W'cUi.. i_^ adj. sent-

versed in order by the necessity of

to

^h^

'

These sentences are

re-

rhyme and metre.

" And many a morning draught of pure tvine have I taken,

and many a time has hapfcned the taking of the singing girl
her stringed instrument, which her thumb manages skilfully."
J

i^>^
=^

VJ

adj. to

j*^

under.

'>

ji^< = str\nrjed,

ud]. to

^^^ under.

115
(4>clf?' '-'^^^^ii.lj. sent. to^J^^'^

J^

= adjusts, hninUes

Ij
^

JJ

for

uorist of the 8tli conj.

(jeiit/i/,)

(J

^*^

')

from J'

'

Aiiotlicr

iTiuliiij;

(^^

Straining.

'^

/^

61

l-(^^-

'v'^ ^t- -

''

^=

L?''^''

to

syncopated form of Lf^-*

:/

Ij^

v^*

"I liastoned

/o

/
t:;J:'=*-

::->

in the early

Jrom

(j'j')

/o J

iJ-c5)

^tf^^

her tliuinb returns ajtar

wliicli

^>

.-,

s^3:~"-f

ts^

l)etiikes itself to.

///

.J.J

mox\\\\\<g\u'ji.)rG tlie

[ii^

jo//

U ojoU

crow'mcj of

\\x.q

want for it, ( i.e., ivine,) that I might take

a second draught from it, wlioii the sleepers awoke."
cock,

to ralieve

'^J-^

mi/

&e., also means, "antieipiiteil the cock with

'^

(hjA^Ia. second obj

^-^

and ^

^'

'

first ohj. to

my want

Oj^tj

for

it

at

the

governed

(J*' aor.

Anotl\ei- reading

uitli

s^

lA-^

)<

y^

== that I

Vide

line i, I'oeui

Another reading
waking
(*^^J

"-r'^d

(for purpose).

may

/^

i^^.^ a noun, indeclinable with

lowing.

' !iy

be >^iven to drink.

being

o ^'^* to the

past sent, fol-

I.

c>' elliptical for

V4e.j;

'

'^^^ at the time of the

of.

of .(*jl^.

pi.

/>/

/-

i/^o//o/

0//0/0/

///

" And many a morniug of wind and eolduess the reins ot

which have bean placed in the hands of the north wind, liavo
I prevented its evils hj dividing 2^roi-isio)is ariioiKjst the poor.'^
^

'

-^-^

the gen. case hy

III

= v^

^j*, In the gen. case, being coord, to fi^

i^\jO,f
Obj. of

^(.

"^^jj

apodosis to J
is

'^^'-=

c:.a:->-|.>ii,^,. ,:lj.

"xVud

Verily I

sent,

'r'J

its evil,)

to^'^^

under.

have defended

nvi tribe; while a .swift horse

116

my

bears
is

my

weapons, wliose bridle, when I set out

in the

morning

;,

shouk|er belt."

He

rallies the bridle about with

him,

he ipay be re?^dy tQ

tl^at

bi"i<ll^

his horse at the shortest notice.

^i\.i J^s-* aJv. sent.

-l=jt^

=a

swift horse tliat outstrips others.

j_^i^

\.ji,K,\s.

4jC^U_)

adj. sent, to ^j^.

,n,

and U*'s.

j^.^d.

emphasiq.
/n/

// -

"

Uj

subj.,

in ^'^) for

(J

*Ue;).

(^i-'^-=^

/o/

f / ^ / /n

j,n//fi

I ascended rw a ^coxd to a watch place on a dusty

narrow as to its summit, the dust of v\h:jch ^Yas near the
standards riftJie enemy."

Then

bill,

//
l;*fljj.

< =: a place of recpnnoitving

pbj. case

by ^j^^

Another
pbj.

case,

;i

-,

loeative

reading; ^SJ^^^* =: reconnoitring

being

noun

( t'lr-^-'

'

|*'^

'

in th^

1-=^

Another reading

or

Agoing

^it*-'^'*

up.

In the

^^^.j^j:^Ji-''

= to

a place regarded with fear; (adj. to

*t^

undrr).
2*^^*

LS^

adj. to iJ-J^, or 0-^

l^^Ui ^^.^^^

^_^)

"

^i

//

sent, to

a,ij.

^4-0 ^

l.^^ lii
s])j^ a,i,i

under.

j_^J

h-i^

or *:?^^^^

p,.e,i.

r///

/o/

o/'/

-.

Until v/hen the sua plunged his hand into o.verspreHding

nil/ lit,

and darkness concealed the weak places on the IVoutiers/'

^^,ikJ| under., subj.

i^>

i.J

o*aJ

/ /

phrase, c^^S-^i

to^^

an idiom = put

C.-^

J.

'

his

hand

in,

undertook, began.

So

also tUe

117
j^*

'i

for

iiiglit,

/ p.,

it

conroals

from view.

nil tilings

^ 'jj-*^^ places exposed to duiif^er.

//

~ J

66

'-*

^a'i

L^e-

n/

.'J

/^

j'^sii

:>

'^I descciulotl to the plaiji,

trunk of a

liko tlio

dato-gathercra stop ^hort of

A

apodpsis to

^^^^'o adj. to

*-^-^''

^^..AA/o o account of

j^^J
'-?'^

^^. ^

pl-

f*

r*^'

T oan-sed

>>

I_j

oJ^f*

horse,) stood

slie, {viij
li;iro

c:.Awaij

firm,

whose

of brauclies,

(jathcriiuj the diUcs.*'

in the jireeedinp: line.

'

under.
^

Oj

"^

or

p.,

(* ',/=^

^'j*J

the

'-ii-'

being jh^

intensive form of (j'^

until

when she became

wurnij and her

liad jrot rid of her stiffness.

S^*^ J intensive of ^*j

in

so nlso *''>_r=^, read \vith ''^^*

her to gallop, like the galloping of the ostrich,

nhen she

'^jr^ infill, in

>>''

*H^

sent, to

.^,ij

of

'

and above that in speed,

Loncs became active,"
t

^i^^

s^-^4-

'^

and

aa^^^

falni frcp,

liigli

/o///o/jO/o/

/
.-.

f.\^j=^

the obj. case, being (3'-b> J_^*A>c

oiij.

case, being

Another reading *^-^j

= and
-

Another readinu

0l)j.

?t7.v

of measure (o^-=); or oo-ord. to J^-k.

nnjincj

It,

also (J^^-*

J^-*^^

'-^^ =lier hones got dry of p/Tsjiirnfinn.

^*'*-'^-'^

^'
Uer saddle shifted, and her neck ponrcd down sweat and
wetted her girth with the foam of the hot siveat."

*'

-^J

vi*ki5

>

a saddle

^Q^

made

npodosis to

of sheej) skin without wood.

'

'

>i

in

the preceding

line.

118

" She raises her head, and she pulls a^aiust the rein and

whea

turns to either side, as the flight of a pigeon to water,

the pigeons of
A*

l^a.

noun.

'^*^) to

tlie

preceding

the obj. case, being (j-^^< Jj-*^-*

infin. in

obj. of

lii

j*^-*^ a collective

&c., udv. sent, {^i' '=*

LS'O'-'

>^jj

and

sing,

urge on."

\is fiock

^j^,

time

''^^^1

combination of

in the

line.

with the following

sent.

is^

Obs.

<'

= dashes

= '^^^>

also

^^Jy^

And many

forth, darts for >\ard.

Climax.

many

a liouse with

to one another, the gifts a/ the

and

now

referring to a visit he

an Arab chief, and of

who

for,

to Nii'man^ibn-Almunzir,.

pniil

which he had there with Rubi'-bin-Ziyad,

a dispute

Ja'far, the people of

expel Bai.i

to

tried

unknown

it,

was feared,"

his reproach

Tlie poet is

strangers in

ownev of which were hoped

Labeed from the court of

Nu'nnin.
to j'*^ (under.);

^j-?;-^ iidj

VJ

J^

pi

f4^ I^J

so also

of '-r^ij^

^=^j^ and

Here the omLssion

'^^^

'

i^'^^^-

of the

noun

adequate context to determine

and the commentators

(^1)
rciiiiii',

>>

h()l)efal of his -;ifts

^2)
inj' to

offer
i.e.,

'^j^

and

governed by the prep.

case,

siibj.

adj. sent.s. to

quaiitied by

it,

subjects

it

the following ones

the court of

house,
J
uiikiiown to one another,
t

gen.

the noni. rase, being

ill

the

in

'^'ji="'

(or

to the adj.

'

'>

ditferent

without any

iuteriiretations,

Nu'man, where people of

not certain of their fate in

kinds

all

tiie

court),

afraid of the disgrace of retui'ning disappointed.

war wi'h a dubious result where strangers meet,

sain victorv and

tlie adj. '(>j^>^

to

^_j't^^

.spoils,

and afraid of defeat.

all

covet-

no
=

*'=='

{'A)

gravely,

a (liil)ions

lio|)criil ui'

O^j' =^

(1)

and afraid

and afraid of

failure.

where foreij^ners and travellers meet,

of disappointment in tlieir ventures.

The second

bind,

example of

heniistieh an

/^/ =

''

wliich tlinVrciiL tribes assemble to consider

affair,

a satisfactory settleimnt,

//

/o

^^'

gains

>r//

50>

'

/ai

:i

Tliexe sira7,ger,^, hehuj

\vith revenge, as if

'^^f

lK)|)efiilof

hold men, tlircatening one anolLcr

they were tbo genii of Bacly, whose feet

Avero firui in batilo or in dispidcs,'^

0/
S Oj

^^^

pi, of V^'*^'

thick-necked, an epithet applied to lions

mean brave.

conies to

In the nora.

hence

being pred. to the subj.

case,

it

**

under.
j<i"*J &c., adj. sent, to

jtX^ syncopated form

[^%\ijri\

V^-"

J^-=^ to
j_^,.'_^Aj

Li-ljj

ijy

jj

'

adj. phrase to V-^-^

It

poetic

'rA^

of j'^'*'^^

*J j-^^'^j^.^

license.

i^

=// 0/7/ 0/

but
i>J

^-^ 'jj in

in

nom.

the

the

obj.

case, being

used as J^'^^-*, admitting

here

/../

being subj. to

case,

_,

;_,

//

^r^/'.f

denied the wrong, existing there, and I acknowledged

that which, in

my

opinion,

was right

while the noble ones of

that assemUij did not glory over me."

jin^^^^Jjis
rh

Obs.
^j'^i'

Jl^ljl^.

Antithesis.

etc., a sent,

of i^i-^'^
/

73

^W

]'ide lines

/o/

l^s^l-.^!

apodosis to j

in line 70.

^Jj)

Another instance

53-54.

//
Ajt^i:^

//
(J-^^-**-?

.*.

0/

'4^^

jO//

/O/

'^J^'^ J^-^^

j/

jjj^

''And many a she ca.mel fit for gambling, I called my corupagambling arrows resembling

nions for the killing of her, with

one another in shape."

120
The camel of course was divided among the poor and the needy after
In this and tiiG fuUowing lines, the poet is boasting of hiS

being killed.

generosity and hospitality.

/o

(JJU/o

p]_

of (3Uxi

winning

for a forfeit to the player.

but here used as

ci/'^.^-*

jj_/^ in the gen.

/

which make the object played

governed by the prep. J

case,

'

t5---^^

admitting ^^-^^ and tJJ^^J by a poetic licensci

(=

s->j ).

ofj-d

j'-:!' pi.

arro^vs,

diptote tJ^wai/o^^j^i being ? j*'?

or .^*^: one vvho strikes With a

gatubling arrow

gambler.
t^Ajl.^

AjUa/o

l^>o lai

in

partic. phrase, qualifying J-'t*-*

the nom. case, being subj. to the partic. ^^

o^.Cii &c., apodosis to

(=

^'**'*.

Vj)-

by these arrows the barren she*

is expended
neighbours the whole of them."

^'1 call mij frionds for Idlling

or the one with young, the flesh of which

camel,

amongst my

The gambling arrow

the camel

were used as

Was

not to be considered as the instrument by which

is

killed, as these

is

lots,

selected.

arrows are

jiointless.

The gambling arrows

by the drawing of which the particular camel to be killed

Here the camel

is

charitably offered by the poet from his

own

property.

J^

'^

'

&c

adj. sent, to ij^'-*-^

So also

^^ &c.

u* refers to (J-' ^*'* in the preceding line.

Some interpret J^^^j j*^*-' to mean, "for the sakeof ('.e.,/o}'/eec?/'n(7)
The pronoun

a barren

woman, having no

anj

tJlA.b/0

I*

masculine

children to support her, or one with children.**

in

form, though used for fetnales, there being no

males of the cpiahty.

^i*^

'

adj. to

c5^

'

under.

Another rending *^^-'' c> '^ "^

*l.ik*J

who

Ij-^^
i^

suffer

for the

for

the neighbours of winter,

neighbours of the night,

from want iu winter, or at night.

i.e.,

oi'

for the neighbours

121

75

UaI U^s*

(4;^

tkAA

i'JUJ

v^^^-^l j'sr'lj

UJlS"

...

''Then the guest and tho strauger were as thou^'h

dcsccuded upon Tnbaldh, fertile as to its valleys."

J^^

and

-^d'-a-"

subj.

'

^^^

following sentence

'

'^*^'*

l^xU*

(in the obj. case

/nt

14^1^*1

ofiJt*

76

" Every

phrase of

pftrtic. adj,

ji

^^->^^',

c:

valley in

J ^ to
J '^

being

/^

tn

A*1J| Ji^

*J ^J

c:

/o /o

ij

j^j Ji"

.'.

my

i_,

UJ=

procunng

tent, helpless of

^^ ^'^^1

subj.

poor one, scanty as to her clothes,

uoar the ropes of

Yaman,

and al)iindunee of herbage.

for its fertility

U^fl^s*

to the partic.

had

&c-

a diptote, o^'^->-^^i for '^^^^' and ^^^*=

^J^-JJ

a place proverbial

tliey

(^=^) being the whole

the prcd.

);

^>^Jt>

ii

x/

j^j

j_^j(5

takes refuge
suhsisteyice as

the starved camel, with her tattered clothes floating high in

the

air.''''

0/
V^'"'' ^

*i<>j

"^

pl.

'

of "T^-^, cords of a tent.

really a thin camel, but

is

is

used here apparently to denote any

miserable being.

An allusion
tieil

p^^'*'

to the ^rave of

'

its

the camel which the Arabs in ancient times

to ^'^.

owner

after his death.

or water, but was left to perish

tion the

man would

l4X)lo.*

^^^^

be able to ride, and not compelled to go on foot.

partic. adj. jdirase to

being subj. to the partic.

"They,

when

{i.e.,

This camel was given no food

the idea being that on the day of resurrec-

my

cW^'

tribe,)

*0j

h^

t"**

'

in the

nom.

case,

heap up the wooden platters with food,

the winds blow adversely

the orphans and the destitute

come

winter, causing famine,

to -partake

and

of them."

The poet seems to mean, that the generosity of his tribe is well known
amongst tho people, so tliat the poor come to them for help in troublous times.

^yiJj
IG

/i;.

= they crown; heap up;

or

fill

up.

122
Some take

it

Here the subj.

to
is

mean, " The poor

crows round the platters."

like

sib

the implied prou. referring to

(*^^i' at

the end of the line.

u^Jkj Uj .tj^Jllil=:'when the wind blew adversely from opposite direc.

The Arabs constantly use this or a similar expression to denote

tions."

times of famine.

Is^^

pi. of

^i^^

= & gulf; here, large dishes

<^*h (an adj. sent, to

^? "^0

like gulfs. Obj. of ci>^-^^J

= which are placed

extended; or are

filled

afresh as soon as emptied.

t^/olL

Uj\jJi an adj. phrase to ^^ "^

Uj l_j^

pi.

of p J

U, a

or

diptote, J,'^'>>^^^*

J '^

here used as oj--a.Axj^ admit-

ting i^^ij^i by a poetic license.

l^xilh

subj, to the partic. adj. ^^j

-/

l*^ t^e-

78
*'

Verily we,

^*^M

it

l^-*

h^

is

//o

nz/o/ J

=
l^^

.-.

J^-:". (*^

t^fs*-'

//o
I

OfliJ

Mil

c
tj

of the tribes meet together,

when the assemblies

are such, that tliere

man

j/

always chosen from us, a strong-willed

one who takes

in a great matter,

gi'eat

trouble

i/i car?*]/ uic/

out;"
That

is,

the leader of the tribes

always selected from our tribe.

is

syncopated form of '^' i ; where'''

o// /
being the whole sent J_/- (*' Sec.

is

^*I

Another reading

J^^^

^fij^jl

the subj. after

\^^ =.

we used

ol

the pred,

to be sucli that, &c.,

o// 0/
J-)"

f**^

here used as a complete verb

i^^l^it [^sjiss^ jy^'^k^j

79

..

(*

'^-*

J-**

t^QA.

5_^j;-JljtJ

(_5.k*j

*M,.5:j

" A divider of the spoil, who gives the tribe their due,
coutrolliug ruler and a confiseator of their rights,

He

acts with either justice or tyranny,

*i^a4

wbicheTer pleases him.

= ^iio gives some and deuies others as he

wills.

123
^.5a3

So

J jp

i\^Q

nlso^'^'i'-*^

nom.

case,

j^^

being co-ord. to

in

tbe preceding

line.

&c. an adj. scnb. to /^'

is^'-i

One who

jAi^i.,e r=

rules his people

unopposed and treats them as ho

So also ^J^*' another reading.

wills.

Some

take the second line to

encroached upon,
~. ^

Here ^^^^

and one who

who

mean

"One who resents their rights, if

his happiness to theirs."

sacrifices

voluntarily forfeits his

own dues

for the benefit of

others.

l^^lj^i v-'^-^j

80

" Owing to

who

erosity,

V>~^ f*^

'

pi'O-emiuenco

his

(^^J'^

->

^'^

and one possessed of gen-

their benevolence, a liberal

others in

helps

^"*"

CS''^'^ 'i^^"^

one*

obtaining the sought-for things, and taking them by iorce fi'om

the enemies."
n

^'^

in the

preceding

Or

may

it

^^

line.

also

instance of

go with

= ^^J

/_^^ji In the

^Axl

case, being

obj.

An

-^'i

as

nom.

l(^lcii)i*J

l}*^i

Vide line

to i^^'-i

in

the

(13.

he does all that), under.

case, being co-ord.

adj. sent, to

(^^j^

==in

to^

'^'

attaining greatness;

t^^^^'c?^* in doing the pious deed.

f*^ and
V-J

{=

an obligation, or as conferring a bounty.

Another reading (/^"cf

Or

>-"*^ or ^' Jj*-^^

ti^i*'^^-'

^J

v^-""' intens. adj.

s.

to

fj^j^

a diptote, here used as a triptote admitting i^^-*^ by a

poetic

license.

/ ^* Intensive agent from

(**=,

to obtain spoil.

Lines 78-80, an instance of ^i-^^-'

" ^e

is

from a

tribe,

code of laws, and every

'

whose fathers framed

tril>e

for

them

a (jood

has a code of law* and a leader."

124
^^i^lyOf^^i^jXs: (^IaJ

king,

tlieir

i.e.,

phrase

a prepos.

^*-'^(:f<
under.

The people are according

to the religion of

the king sets the fashion.

pred.

(^-J^

to

^*

subj .('>'*?'

(4-' *^-<- or = institnted for them, or prescribed them good usagesThe Arabs had no regular code o.f laws.

^sfcjljI^^J

fjJ

'^-,

J^ J

^^ and
/

f'*

people take an example.

an example of

&c.,

'4-:

an adj. sent. to^-^^.

whom

one from

''*1
J*

in

.>

/n/ i ^

Ill

/J

i/

pi.

also pi. of
of

*^

i'

^^'*'*'^

^13 au

^-^n^^xJl^

(act.),
/_

Another reading t:>'*"" J

is,

/n

j/n^ o

/nj

be found on

on their coats of mail."

in the times of war, they prepare for

Passive Jussive, being

(3^3

'

n^/n

flight.

Another readiog ^J^j^i

lir-^

^^

/nj

^yy^i and

14/oil

(General Maxim).

(>y

will g-^litter like stars

the fearful times, that

and not for

'

to fear, the helmets will

'If they are caused

them; and the rings
battle

J-*-^

subj. to the pred.

u ^**

adj

^^ and * L>^ respectively.

they get alarmed,

/o/

'(J^-*

(act.),

sent, to

u*-^

yon see helmets and

'

rings.

blades of lances.

\^
/rt

/ /

^n

/ /

njj

n/

J J

/ /

/ /

*'
They are not tarnished as to their honour, and their actions
do not perish ; moreover, their njinds do not incline along
with lust."

Another reading
/

'*

s;

//''/

'-'i*''

^31

since, &c.

/o ///

So, be content with what

/c

God has

/'^

///

''-"'

divided amongst

us, for.

^^

He

verily,

amongst

ivho has dlviJeil the qualities

ns, is

the

Great kuower of them."

He

dispensed to each of us such

qiialiLies as

He knew

were best

suited to hiin.

The Great knower

of course God.

is

^*a relat. pron. in the gen. case

the "Ajl*

(^* an intensive agent from

^^*'

Another reading O*-^

Here the address

rcl.

=//-/

"And when

know.

(^^^ dispensed

'

^^

/o/

clause being "-^JiUjI ^'^>

!*"*

directed to his enemies

is

i^^iisi refers to
i}^

in

to

f*'-^

/T

by VJ the

or conjunc. pron. under., obj. of

'

the vvoj-s of living.

and enviers.

/o/

0/

o/^j^///o/

Rectitude was divided amongst

a tribe, the great Divider

oi"

fJte

fulfdlud to us with

it

people of

more than

our share."
L5^ J

'

&c., apodosis to

'

_/

'

^-^^

intensive of ^-^

I*

^' i.e.,

God.

'
(

L5*j

'=gave

in full.

Obs. the use of

{.xja^jfj

i=the

V e.xpletively

fullest of

Another reading

'.i^-*

in an affirmative clause.

our share.

J^lj

zrwith the best of our share.

" So, He built for us a fabric of glory, high as to its roof, and
the full grown of our tribe and the young ascended to it.'^
They are

^^*

honorable alike.

all

^^i'j

an

adj. phrase, to ^h^.

to which refers.

/>* in the nora. case, being subj. to the adj.

/x***

also

^* refers to

its

height, its altitude-

^^*-'

'

^^ j

12G

87

U^S

^A

li!:^

"And when

_,

J Iji

l.

^J>

the tribe

vourers in protecting

^A-l=i

.-.

in distress,

is

is^^'2.*J

Mil u^l

they are the endea-

and they are the horse-men of

it,

^4f

and

it,

the rulers."

An

example

ijx^xU

subj.

2UJl^di;
to

'

"

of the figure
(

't*j

'^

'

'^*-^^

'

and ^'^'f

I'^'^'J-*),

'j*/*^;

Enumeration.
pred-

its

l^'0^-=|*'^

and

co-ordinate sentences, apodosis

'

they are as the spring to their neighbour, and to the

xoaiting becomes long."

And

widows, when their year of

In the old days a widow had to wait a year after the death of her husband before she was allowed to re-marry. The line means that they were
as generous to the stranger and afflicted,

as the spring with

showers

its

is

to the land.

Some

interpret the second hemistich to

of provisions,

o^^^Jl
/

89

'#^

"And
lest the

when

their year

co-ord. to
/

~^/o

^-^

<>.*J

;j^-'l
//

2_A3

mean, " and the women., destitute

grows long, on account of distress and famine."

.

/n/n/

Ja^j

^^

_j

l^ cJ^Hi

'

/o

ij*s^^

jj
I

(* J

they are the foremost o/the tribe in battle, taking care

o/^/ie ^ri6e should delay his help, or that

one jealous

mean ones amongst them should

the

/-/^o/j/

<>

/.

incline

towards

the

enemy.''
That

Here

is

they encourage the others by their bravery.

* ^"^^J

like, is under.,

chiefs

which

is

),

or b'^

oi'^'

"^

i- '^^ managers of the

giving

its

and

place

affairs,) or the

its

case to

its

Some interpret it to mean, " Tliey form but one compact tribe by their
unanimity and mutual help ; " or " They aloie are the tribe, being the
principal, important and significant members of it."
^

>/jO

C5-^

ii)

/
'

a noun sent, being

*^-'l

//
/
o^wi/o ^^ *ili^

=/or/er

lest,)

under.

127
^AiA. ^^A-tiAJ

^^\f9ls^

chanre for crcatinrj

jil^o

mutual

iiiliiiif,

liustilitij

caic not to

r/ii-n

the

envier nny

ainony the mcmhrrs, and thus prevent-

ing than from assisting one anothey.

So also the

sent. ^Jtk

i:;

Another reading
their character, or to

Another reading
proachors reproach

is

know
is

&n.

'

/-//

'^'^^^'^^

U'"

tlicni,

.^'

tlieir

'^'

ci

=^

if

an

envier were to criticise

circumstances.

^>^*-^ '^'^ (*^'j

'

along with the enemies.

'

-= or that their

re-

128

Xw^Ls-'l ^J<>aAJl
THE FIFTH POEM.
Ascribed to 'Amru-biu-Kultbooin, who was one of the poets of
the days of Paganism, and a chieftain of the tribe of Taghlib.

He

Baid to have

is

recited

poem extemporarily

this

in the

presence of the King, 'Amru, son of Hind or Muuzir, on the

occasion of his bringing about peace between the two tribes of

Bakr and Taghlib, who were on

the point of renewing their

war.

The poem
lines,

is

said to be a long one,

containing about 1,000

the poet having added a good deal subsequently; but

the preseat portion

The poem coataias

is

the only

fragment of

now

it

extant.

a lively description of the chivalrous deeds

of the tribe of Taghlib and their glories.

The metre

of this

poem

is

the

It consists of uJ^i*^^'* six times,

tjj.kax),

or affected with the

omits the last chord

which makes

j^ilflA/o

o
(i)

turns
(ii)

^^iixlax

{=phicking), which

t-fl^'

u-'j**
/

It

runs thus:
J

i_./Ai5

e^^^*
o

called

subject to the following o^a.j

is

v->"^-^'

the 3rd and the 6th being

dwindle into

^^~,lslk^:

kind of^iy<, (or

and makes the preceding J quiescent;

t^^S
it

aJ-^,

first

^^-^

or the making of the

into u^^-^ ^^^

fifth letter

quiescent, which

It occurs freely.

Jft'<=

or the suppression of the fifth letter

becomes

(j^1*'^a3

It is allowed,

but

is

by which

of rare occur-

120
o
ck:Rj

(iii)

combination of

tlio

<^-><i-c

and

snpprcs-

-^^, (tlie

by

sion of the seventh letter,)

It is bad, as

Example
o

Jijj^i

(^]a tixj

(^Iac

Jjki^

t_,_j.,A*/0

UJ_J-m2X/0

one

J,

/ /

(fix:

C>J'.-'

(^ilx Ia^

o^ka/0

,>u

^-J

'j^

its

^^

whose

',

/^Ia^:

Iji/o

Cjj^A/O

which consists of

lsj^'^ is

with

called

is

...-.
^^^^

^jj being

The poem

iJj^^'^ letter after a quiescent one.

~

l-i-

of the class of

*iii--^

is

^-i'^^

^^)y from

of scansion:
^

The

J^-cIa/o

harmony of the metre.

iuterrapts the

it

J.

becomes

wliicli ^^ii^U/o

for the

'
/

It

is,

_5

Aa.

besides, o^^-* by

t5-

or j

preceding

or '^

i'^^A.

of the letter preceding the

according as the latter

This metre

eJ

the <^jj

"^

or the

is

is (^

o j>j,

is

Tho

cither ij^S"

or j respectively.

extensively used by epic writers and others,

both in long poems and short pieces.

^'Now, then,

Qh

CNp-tenrer, awake,

and give us our morn-

ing draught from your goblet, and do not keep the wines of
Andaroon.'"
V,y^\^
order, ^^^s-^^

Prose
^j

->

li

Js^^

1st per's. pron., pi., ia the obj. case

for V"?:^*^

.,

inilicating a

Andaroou is the name

wine was made.
By an anology
j^Jt^Jl

^.jtii

17

by

(^^

subsequent action.

of a small town in Syria where a description of

in form, the

the suflix

UJ

word

is

here treated as a plural noun

aiul so the gen. case

is

J*^

'

marked by {^ and the

130
ii)

goes with ^^^.

form of

icf^ij '^^

Here and

cijO'*'^ ^

'== people of Andfiroon.

and the

and lightened

to be a syncopated

'

sweetheart Jj*^

in tlie fuUowino; line the address is to his

and so the pron.

in

Some take

2nd

imjier. s are of the

(*

'

pars., sing.

''Wine mixed with water of a colour as if tlie saffron was

when the water mixes with it and we drink it we become
it

generous."
Aa^*<*/o in tije
Ls'^

ease, being

q{}J_

i.e.,j-^^ (wine), l'^^-*^

O^^

'

^-^

or in the nom. case, being pred. to

the obj. case, being subj. after

111

^i^"** apodosis to

Some

explain

According to

'

>

'

= warm),

interpretation,

^H'=^'^

It leads the one,

jj^

until he

apodosis to ^^ ^
'

V gives
^^iV.

it^

the sent.

may

also

able to others," or
i:^^.k aor.
/

" You
round

would bathe

j/

'

j^

>

f.

tvjj^

mean, " Until ha becomes

"He

has want, away from his desire when

becomes softened as to his desire."

soft in

temper and agree-

forgets his sorrows."

//

o=

-see the miserly avaricious oue,

to him, despise his

'*'^-*'*

o^

to * ^'l

who

v^'^J^-* by ls'^^

u^^'^

'*i'

J^-=>-

{=fnU).

a trans, signification

Lp^^

the pred.

in the obj. case, being

//~//////
*'

'?:'

'

Another reading

he tastes

i^^ and

as an adj.

this

^-^

apodosis to

it

^^^

secondary obj. to

property for

^y

when

it.'-"

the

:z

ciijj is

//

passed

131

^j^1

Prose order ^^}^

/->

"

(*

^^==^' '^^

'''-t-^'

n/

'

t5^^

/2i

a.

i:

'

/'

cup fi-oiri us, Oh ITmma 'Aiuru,

was from the rig-ht hand."

tlio

asitlo

an adv. sent, of

&c.,

JJ*'^

1^

''

^'

^t-'

circulatiou of the cup

tlie

Ki)^^

j:

You turned

while

i" tlie

'

(j-^^'^=
js

IS'

j*^J (-!'

'=>

obj. ease, being <S^^'<^ (^i^^/^

circulation, an infin. in apposition

and

introduced by

^^^.*^^

Or (^J-^^ ^= place

'

'*

'j

'

compound.

vocative
(_^" ^-^

with

Here c'^

'

in the obj. case, being cJ^*'' ''^^'= (obj. of place).

of circulation, or pro/jer

the nom. case, being in

ai)pos.

(jU^/ij/l

way for

li-J

circulating

with

In

///e cm/j.

^^^-'

u"^-^'i

in

'

The latter part then = while the

the obj. case, being pred. ^*-=^ after cJ ^ .
proper way for circulating the caj) was the right.
/

Umma

*'0h

to drink,

V
Hy

o //

is

'Amra,

j'our frieud, to

^^xs"^'^-'

il

whom

/iri///
you do uot give

not the worst of the three."

expletive used with the pred. after

"-:*=

o/-

he means himself.
2iid pers., fem., sing.; a relative clause,

connecting pron. ^V-^ under.

in

(^^)

*'And many a cup of this wine have I drunk,

and another in Damascus and Ctesarea."
(_r^

in

the gen. case by j

>^i.j'^<^> apodo.sis to
-^J^*J

ii^

admitting

c5<^-'

the

in Ba'iaback,

under.

ii^!^->>^

V^O"* and ^^A^

by a poetic

but here

license.

the obj. case by "-^O^ under.

-?

(3^'*'i

'

= Vj)-

its obj.

a dipt., '-^j'^^'^j^.^ on account of

used as iJj^^^
iSJ"^^

to

the obj. case.

and ui/-^^

dipt., (->_^>"* ^^-c

on account gf

'Ws* and

/ /

*:^*^*.

132

"And

as jor us^ surely deatli will overtake us ;/or

and we are fated

to us,

to

bi'jAJ o_r" &c., pred. sent,

jfj J,aA3
^J

to

obj. of

i/S

fated

is

him."

'^ referring to

after cjl
'i

'^'

'

and

^^Jj ^^-^ obj

J ^^ referring

of

"Stop

may

little /ortgfer

before going',

Oh

you,

who are travelling

howdah, that we niay inform you of the truth, and you

in the

inform us."

^h^

in the obj. case, being obj. of time.

UJ;*Ji

j,^

jVjg q|jj_ pase,

'^j'^^

being an undefined vocative noun,

or apocopated form of ^^i-^

J

i^^

)?

Of

^^
^

and iSJ^^ jussive, being apodosis

1st per. proii.,

This line
/

is

ply

obj. of

(SJ^^

an instance of Cd^'^^-'

/o

J.

0/

o/o

'

to the imperative LS^'

Vide

line

0/

19 of poem

o/o

s o/

" Stop, that we may ask you, whether you cut

I.

0/

off

r>/n/

communi-

cation with us to hasten sepai^ation, or whether you deceived

the trusted one ivho never deceived tjouJ'

Op

^-"^

jussive; being apodosis to the imper.

/

''

We may

j.^0

tell

//

=//

is^

= 0/

=0/

o/

you of the day of battle, when we were striking

such a blow and piercing, that your cousins became glad by

reason of
^O'^ and

it."
^^*-^

in the obj. ease,

l^O-^ and ^*-l= under.

being cognate obj.

Prose order being

^O^

(J^^^ Jj^^^^) to

^-^ '^-^'^

^-^iJ^

f-^

133

Or

^^.j'^

jo/easan/),

/
'^^-^

=^_

and

atlj.

toVJ^

ohj

l)c

of speoifiration

s.

*-fJ^^

IIlto

uikIli-.

..

may

to

jh.^.*^

*t^^^

= Mn-

&c., would mean, 'of the

(*J-!;J

day of hauls unpleasant by reason of striking with sivordu and piercing

with spears.'
All

adj.

qualifying

sent,

either

V^-^ to which

f*Ji, or'-^*-'=J

res[)ec-

tively ' refers.

/

^O'

'

&c. Lil.

The

much

prcpos.

in

''

gratified

rj-i-?

(.\,j;.lxj Jl

For,

by

own eyes cool by reason of

when they gained their object.

their
it,

Uj

/o/o-

50/

//O//
i>i <>*J J

to-morrow and

verily,

^'

shows relation between fji and^*?^

////

12

ohj. to

= Your cousins \m\de

they were very

i.e.,

-/

cJ^W = (*fW)

cs-"^-<suI)j,, and

.".

(^^j

to-tlay

(* j-h-*

and

'

tlie

'.i)

in line 9.

/;

ifc,

''^^(illj

day after to-

ruorrow are pledged to that which you do not know.'^

One cannot

foretell the future.

^<^^
,

Prose order,
^^ a

'^i^'*^

13*
''

^->-J:*Uj

)i

i5

after

eJ

0.aj

|*jJ

Vj

pred.

the

subj.,

C^-*

r'->

me

to say that they

l_j

i^,

t<>.i

(j 'j

its rel.

clause being

'^-'-^^

'^^^

.'.

t;J|4.1*J

(/^-^^ ^*:!

)/

^nJ

^''^) is^

mc

about

unjustly in doing so ?
ought not

U'^^*"*)'

to reproach

(J^-a.

him so unjustly.

"But we and

/=o/

///

they extended

/n// Oj

0/

to

obj. pron., co-orcl. to

:r

each othevy for the sake of

kiudredship, a strong- rope offricndsJu'p."

I

and cjjJ^~ pred.

/

'i

u'^'j

under.

Interrogative particle,

f^

being

=/

the father of Laila and her brothers reproach

He means

^^

^.i^i

in the gen. ease, by

being

her, while they treat

suly.

////

Uj i^j

^O-' ^^

Do

'^^ ^*-!

s ^/

rel. i)ron.

the pron.

and

'

i*^-::-'

in the obj. case

by

c;^-'

^^^

Ij

the obj. case by

in

//=

>>>>'*

j/

/o

jj

" They are our brothers, ami their sympatJiies are perfectly
vnth us, so that

they are angry wo are angry

if

lodge in a place, pleasing

we

them,

to

and

pleased

are

i tliey

iviih

the

same."

li>.j

LJ'^JJ

IV>^ii)

= \{

Lit.

//^o

lodge in a place of friendship,

tliey

u^xii: j^nd '^'^j apodosis to c)

o /o

//

/o//

:://

" In befriending our brother, we are far from apologising to

enemies."

iltcir
i.e.,

we have no regard

for their enemies.

in the obj. case,

f-'i-=>1

being the obj. of the

''

infin. ^ li^-*.
/

expletively used with the pred. after

/O

" She
and she

^^ O/

/<-,/

fill

/O/

you enter in iij}on

from the eyes of her enemies/^

will sliow you, wdien

safe

is

&c,, an adv. sent, of

^'j

*"*"'

"Two

o/o/o/

arras as /ai

r-.

^=^

introduced by

and jieshy as

J^^

'j 'j

n// in/

those of a

camel, white, young, pure white in colour,

Iter

instance of (^i+'fi-^

^^^vil

CJ^^

Ia3

;il,^xj

a diptote
an adj. of

and

Vide line 53 and

5^!

*^
cJ^^"** adj. s. to

Jj.wax.-3

of
'*

j,J;.c .

privately^

ni

loug-uecked she-

Poem

under.

common gender and number.

who has not been

C5* Iji dual, secondary obj. of '^i.y in the preceding line.

An

ini

pregnant;"

J]aj.

IV.

]35
^^^^r^ fj'^'^l*^

'^^^.^ also

means,

In some copies

= who

'

did not conceive a Autiis.'

noek and

in the

rjraziiig in

adj. sent, to J^-i-^

"J

sandy

ti'aets

tall.'

^J^**-' 'j

second iiemisticli rnns thus

tlie

::

= 'nho

Lit.

woman long

passed the sprinjj,

'^'^.y &c., an

^^^

sent, to

a.lj.

i.

and rngged

j^^ ^

-^xj^'i

>j;ronnds.

/o

/o

^ ^

- o/

"Autl .sAc iri/Z shoir you a bosom like a bowl of ivory,

guarded from the bauds of tbe toucbcrs;"
H'^^ in the obj. case, co-ord, to i^^ 'j>i

soft,

(i^pi. of"-^'^.
J ^/ /j

/o //

^'

Aud

//

n/j/

She

is
/

/n/

/o/ /

slxow ijou the waist of /ter supple hod\j,

s/(e tci'Z/

what adjoins

difficulty

which
^Yith

tJiem;"

big and fat about these parts.

//
a

ij-''^' )

nonn of place from

body, hence the

'

to bend.

l5^''

Place

of bending

of the

waist.'

adj. to *^^^ under.

*-'^-'

^s*^

and '^^'^

adj. sent.s. to ^"^^^

\'

icJ~J Past tense,

to ^^";

aud loug, while her buttocks move with

is tall

'""

and

in

.'Jrd

per., fem., pi.

^- for ^i<^^i

Another reading

*^'^-'

Another reading

tr^-'ljj,

Another reading
Here

the implied, pron., referring

its sul)j.

"^

JJ

to give trans, signification to

o

'^

obj. '* under., referring to

^*'^^:l

jnon., obj. of

o/

Lf^^^

= the two sides or tlanks

the projecting

])arts of

aor. 3rd per., fem., pi.

isk-

fj^h
of,

&c.

her buttocks.

136

"

And

narrow

mad

show you a big

will

alie

aud a

liip,

for

waist, at the sig-ht of

which the door is too

which I have become

;"

{3^'^i &c.,

ailj.

J/

sent, to '"S'^-*.

c>aI=. AJ &c., adj. sent, to '^^-^

cognate obj.

^h-'"^

//

(J^-Jax) Jj*.ky>3

nj

J n/

n//n//

"Aad two legs, ?/;/a7e as ivory or marble, the

oruameuts upoa which makes a low uoise."
^ij

'

really a

column,

(j Lii.

= tinkling or

jin^gling of

support, hence a leg.

pillar,

^^'^ a kind of coarse marble

a flag-stone

rattling.

aud also

ivory.

'

&c., adj. sent, to {_^Hj'-^.

i^ji.

^-'j cognate obj.

"The

J^^'* Jj*-^^)

/r//

/'^

ni

J-":://

i,

she-camel, the mother of a male foal,

ivith a grief like

my

grief, tvhen

she lost

Iter

/ /

n / //

did not grieve

foal,

aud she raised

an affectionate yearning cry;"

His grief at parting with bis beloved was greater than the grief of such
a camel.

o- //
/>iiAC

Ikx^sJ

j^,,

j,j]j

gg,-,^_

to V^'-'j*

so also the sent, co-ord. to

it, viz.

^^*-^j

iu ^^^-^

'

refers to

V^-"

CS"^'^^^ a prepos. phrase, qualifying l*^^ J

^'Nor

fZ?V

the middle-aged

woman

>

cog. obj.

grieve,

((Jj-^-^-^

whose

J^*^-<).

evil fortune

did not leave herefrom her uiue children; except buried cues."

137
*lia4.^

in (Iio

V^^

rase, being ro-onl. tu

iioni.

'

An

ndj. to

^j^"*

under.

<^jh(^

*'-t^.

&c., adj. sent, to

^jk('^

snbj. of

'

C/j

'^:^

>

^jH^ ^^^ ^xIi-.>3

ohj. of

youth, and I becainc desiroiLS for that

"I remembered
when I saw her camels being guided away in Uie evening
7?i.?/

liwc

songs."

>vitli

Jj*^

^^

1)1.

of

a camel espeoiall}' reserved for the wonicu.

t-'*-^,

pi. of<Jji-', ohj.

of time,

(cJ^^V

'->^J=)

(J-*^^ a pass, sent., secondary obj. to '^i'j

Another reading U-aJ cuxa, t^ j :=! reverted to the

amorous dalliance.
I

to

o/

/o//

liAAiwa^ tf^d^J
"^
'
'

jJ^i'-li'

26

swords

like

in the

/O

27

in sight,

hands of

l-^i^AJI

Ij

AajUJI

or,

//r>//
o-.i>^*l
"

and appeared high above

us

their drawers."

O./j /O O//

^^,j^

youth

0-//0/J///0
o^i*"*

.*.

Then Yemamah came

*'

silliness of

/O//

lj^JI_,

(ixJLc

.-.

O/O/ //
o
//
Js:*^ Hi ^aAIjI

"Oh, Aba Hind, do not haste against us, but give us delay
and we will inCorin you of the truth of our affairs,'^

'^

'

in

surname

the

daughter was

his

n~

case,

obj.

being

of j^^*^*{i>'. .V*.
^**

compound

The name

vocative,

J^^' jussive, being npodosis to the iraper.^-'^'

o O / /

28

^k)j^>

mother as

of his

uell

^li'-'x"

^^^^-^^ Ij r=.

'j"^

and respite

c;*^

'^'^J

/
'

us.

..

'-a-Aj

ol^iyi

Oj^J

iJ 'j

*'To the effect that verily we take our flagu to the Uiiile-jitld
18

as that of

j>

Another reading

ti '^*

138
we bring them back

white, and

ivUh

red,

when they

are satiated

hlovcl'*'

~>
CJ
siibj.

following noun.

introduces the

'

and

^-^J and

'^^,

^Hjj>^* an adj. sent, to (^*

Obs. the Antithesis

'Me

the king,
'

ij^^^j

'

respectively.

inform

7iot

between >i^y and j

'^'^^

and

*-^J

'^'l

o/o

luilling that

we

~j //

of the celebrated

long, wherein

is

by the

in the gen. case,

/o //

many

yott of

the history of which

'i

u*

/nil

*,

(AfljtW)

between ^-^^ and L/*^

And

v ^

the gen. case by

in

" *

Another instance of i^^*^^

"

s.

J'"^ to ^^i'j and

objs. of

tvars,

sent.

j^-aJ pred.

and

'ij^-'

we

/ /

days of our

rebelled against

should obey him.''

prep.

V being co-ord.

to the

noun

sent.,

&c., in the preceding line.

means " long

'j-^ also

of fighting."

tiiwac &c., adj. sent, to (>k^

0/

^U

/
I

syncopated form of

^J'^j

u'

Some

take c'i^^

'

'

^^Jlo^-^to Vj^

noun. sent.

-^^

be

to

elliptical for

nnder.

c^i'^'J^

cj'= that we may not

obey.

Another reading (*^h

Some

30

take the j in

'J^

a:^*'''

"And many

for

,- 'i

'

j^

c5**"

to

be

V;j

c^Un ^tij

a chief of a tribe,

..

whom

the crown of authority, and who

refuge ivith him;"

^i-'

j=.^3.>j'

^^*xi o-aw

_,

they had crowned with

who seek

protects those

either in the obj. case, being i^i*'^'. J*^-'!*'-^^

ing verb being ^i^* '^O"'

i" the

next line

Jii^JI,

or in the gcu. case

the govern-

by the preps.

139
An

instance of ^ji*'^^

ij^^i jj

"

^c.,

Have we

reius

and t^*^ &c.,

loft

adj. sent, to ^*-

our horses standing round hiiu, with their

on their necks, standing quietly."

*^-^

Another reading

'*'

= bent.

"our horses with our people, stood near him to

rob him of the spoils;" or " his horses, when he was killed, remained standing about him unable to help him."

The Hnc means

either,

^^'^^ secondary

obj. to

^y^

^^O^

l^

1*^*

and

l^s:

secondary obj. to the passive participle f'^'^'s

iDj'^

pi.

obj. of

of ti^^-^ stan(Hng with one hind fetlock bent, a horse stand-

ing at eaie.

We book up our abodes near Zi-Tulooh^ while we banished

Shamat those who threatened us."

"
to

Zii-Tulooh, a valley belonging to the tribe of Tha'lal>ah iu

Yamaa.

Shamat, a mountain.

{J^
J

'

&c., *^^

'*'

''^

to

prou. in the gen. case, being

its

c;

^^

LijA^*Jl g rel. pron.,the parfcic. being

in

on account of i'-'

/-J:-"

o i^^*

=tjj'>^jl
;

to

its

relative clause.'

{^'^i*^\ which

lit!*-'

'

is

1st per,

stripped of

''And the dogs of the tribe whined, fearing us, when we

stripped of his weapons the armed warrior, who approached to
fiijht

us."

Another reading

c?

Iv^^'

the dogs of genii like people.

140
V^*"

Lit. to lop the brandies of a tree, or to strip

2j>U3 Lit, a thorny tree; but

it

here metaphorically

of lis bark.
{ iij ^'^**

used to

mean 'an armed man.'

^*

1st per. pron., obj. of l?

a relative clause

>

(*J^-fi)

of e;'^

Ik,

"When
become

tlie

mill of our

as flonr to

war

removed towards

is

a tribe, they

meeting.'^

it in

o
cl^^*

^j

and

l^-"^^:!

jussive, being

^y*' aud

subj. of the pass, verb ^^-^^

^h"^^ pred.

Obs.

h^J/H

after

'^i:-^*^^

'

/o/

/j./n>/
// /j
A^lwiJ tJ_yJj

^Jt-^t

/.

<

^'

The

Cys.^

lines.

o/

> >/

(i^JU) i^^^O

spread east of Najd, and

is

/>

Jij^i.
-

_,

meal cloth

Its

grain

'J-^ respectively.

Allegory in this and the following

35

its

supply of

the tribe of Quza'at, the whole of it."

is

site of the battlefjeld

on Which they dcs royed

this tribe

was

of

east

Najd.

J ^^^

the cloth spread out to catch the meal

2<>W the handful of grain poured

t^'j^

at

in

grain.

one time between the mill stones.

in the obj. case, being pred. after e'J'^

U^'^-**-^

when grinding

So also ^^

''^'

(a dipt.)-

the obj. case, being corroborative ('^i^^^) adj. to ^.ct^j.

" You alighted at our

]iouse in

the rank of guests, and

hastened our hospitality, fearing you would abuse us,

)/

we
we

delayed."
This

line

Jjr-^'s

is

spoken

cognate obj.

satirically
(

/^ 1/

'

) as will ajjpear from the uext.

Another reading ''^'s^

j*"-^

(f^^W

c>^^'* Jj*-).

ct a niiua ^i-ut. '"V

'

o l-fi^

to

A*l3:' ,i,5er.

141

''

1st pcrs.

pron.,

ol>j. of^*-^'**-'

" Wo treated you hospitably, and wc linstencd in showing

you before dawn tlio boypitality of a inillstono wliieb griiid.s
exceedingly fiuc."
f.^
,

<-*?;*

(limimitive of

/
ohj. of time.

i-***

Daybreak or dawn was generally the time

2

heing

C)j-^ in tlie ohj. case,

Lit.,

we hastened your

for raids amon<!: t?ie

apposition (J

in

hospitality just

'^^.)

witii

^^

'_^

Arabs.

before dawn, consisting of a

millstone.

C>^

intensive agent from

U^I^aU

38

\ji^

to

grind, of comnaon genifer.

^JLC J^.x-'j

/.

^Jx

t-iJj

U*.bf ^*i

''Wo m^Q onr favours universal amongst our own people,

and we abstain from asldwj favours frmn them, and we bear
from them or^ on ilieir account^ what liabilities they ask us to
bear.'*

^
of

a relative pron., its rel. clause (*''^) being SiJ^Ua.^

^O^*^

where

the ohj.

under., and ^ heing the secondary dative ohj.

^i^

'* n)ay also be taken as "H^ 'j i ^^ , or -^^ ^'*j

( = as long as) ; the line
then meaning, " we undertake to pay their blood-mulct as long as, or as

often as, they load us tcith tke cousequeaces of their committing homicide.

In some copies the

have for a long time

'^^^> ohj. of time
(t^"" Lit.,

39

^^^y^ "-V^
f

i.e.,

).

so as to afford

oj-i~Jlj V^'^-'j

with

the

quarters"

^*loo=:.e

past been repulsing the enemies from them.

fight with spears

strike

at dose

in the

hemistich reads ^'^' *l>i:i"j^

away from them,

Uj;.iiljl

"We
we

first

when

^^^

them

^J.ixJ\

relief.

i^^\yiU

^jlLJ

the people arc far from us,

and

swords when we are attacked by them

142
the enemj'.

C^'-^-'" i.e.,
Ia)

is /-Jt/o

1^^

J^

l^j (*

i^^&a:

or &ij

Another reading

o^j

I^j

j_j.A.

*!:'

or

^^

*-i'^-l=

rr (luring the keeping away.

^^iA'^ (active

= we encounter thtm.

Here the

obj.

(*

under.

"With tawny-coloured

flexible s'l^ears of the

Khittyan spears,

or with the bright swords which flourish ov^r them."

pi.

J:!

'ii

of

i^^*

'-i

pi.

of

with *^*^ without

tJ:" '>>

^^j

belonging to

'

a place in

Cir:!^^^

being ijj^'^^jb^

Yamamah, noted

for the

manufacture

of lances.

(i)-h^**J

3rd pers.,

(^ Obj.

of

"As

if

/o/

= which

thrown down here and

I* i.e.,

the battlefield.

(Jj'^j

pi.

of

d^J>

li^'i+O- adj. sent, to

Another reading,
of the brave in

it

Another reading

/o/o

//

c//

warriors in it were camel-loads,

on rough, stony ground."

3rd per., fem., pi.

/0//O/ I / i-> /
Jl
^^U^^ (J^J^we

LkiJ

tear the skulls

tliexr shin.s.

^^^^-^'^^

their shins scatter

a camel-load.

'''
r
"^^-"j

obj. of c?*"^
/

mow.

J J

(here

'^'^'"j U-i*

and

OJ'^ pl.of 0^,

and

/o

skulls of the

the

O^-h'?

under.

Another reading t^i^^^

/

an adj. sent, to

fern., pi.

Ci>iJ-**i

//
^^'

&c.

= you

think the skulls of the warriors

on the rough grounds.

M.3

43

wtiyi v^Ui^ J

UiHi^.'

li^

.-.

j^j^ U^ ^^j

^^flJi

" VVc cleave with them the heads of the people, and wo cut
their necks,
'* refers to

and they are cut."

U^\

(mvords) in line 41.

j>

cr^-^"'

and u^^^^-

(3r(l ]>rs.,

t't-ni

pi.)

^'=*

from

= frcsh green grass-

/
t-j

ili-^

lenllj cutting

Another

which
=>

with u

/O//

sickle,
~

V^O

rcaii)ig l-^i''*-^"'

v-"^^

Oj

'-^^ J == we make them cut the necks

'

arc cut like fresh ijra$s.

'fi^

cognate obj.
C

''And

(i^^-*

S.

J^**^.)

'Ij

jO/

/O//

/O/

make apparent

:;

the coocealed disease."

you cannot stifle your hatred against a person but allow

will become known eventually, and lead to retribution.

If

Some

verily hatred after hatred will disclose itself against

you, and will

it

^^S^

take the address in

rJ^' and

J'*^:!

pred. sent.

to he directed to

after o)

s.

'Amru

it

to

bin

increase,

Hind.

Another reading "-^^y* y^i.

I

z/

^^^^.

L5^^

44
"

We

it

Some

2//T//0//0/0

jis

>**

.'.

the tribe of

^^^\&

take

'^^^i to

it, i.e.,

Another reading

/o

0>-^*'\

Mu'add knows,
to

tJie

(a'<.

;uui

we

itorhL"

onr glory.

mean,

"

it

[i.e.,

glory

leaves them for us."

Here

./_

;../ =
^^^.^> i^^^

the obj- case, bein^'

OJ

apparent

it is

to u^i-JJ Lhc inii)licd pron. referring to <>^'^

under.

pi., in

J'icT^^-'

with our spears, until

^'j'i in defending

(*^^^

J J

inherited glory,

fight for
Siilij.

^^

./

and

t^^*'^***-^;

even our sons do the same.

aud

''

geu. prou

being

*i-'

ITore c?

^^

'o ^-^/c.

144
*'*^

the ancestor of the tribes of Najd, to which Bakr and Taghlib

belong.
/

n /j/n/

/o

o c/

//

/o

- /o

>

j o/

" And we, when the tent-poles of the tribe fall upon the
furniture of the tents, keep back whoever approaches us desiring robbery."

When

poles of the tribe

o<s

/o

flight,

we

the tents are struck,

Another reading

i/

^^

line then

means, " when the

on camels

pi.

of

0*^

furniture of the tent, packed for loading

or the camels carrying them.

/o o
//

Another reading u*^'^^ i"

hastening to

o/

Here (jctfi^! an

clause,

relative

*o ii^*

u^i

.=/

Another reading '^''

J^j'^-^ Lj' also

for

o/

Another reading

^n/

/ /

O/

^j^'^j'^i^

<ji-'

so they did not

sacrificial rites.

= with no particular aim.

'"i^

that with which they

obj. ofcJj;'^!

'^^/ij i j/

no purposes of

interr., subj. l''^'^*);

Cf'*'

'

arelativc pron., pred.

may escape

(^^):

^I'^f^H

order being ^\ '-^J^^i

or oppose us ?)

The whole

1-*

sent.,

47

^^'^.^.^^

"As though
hands of

their

telat. clause (*^-^), elliptical for ^i ^^''y^H; (prose

is

= on

'*Wo cut off their heads without mercy,

know how tliey should oppose ws."

= what

intin.

fly.

1st per. pron., obj. of

'-*

tent-

//

"

The

off the carrying camels, in consequence of their violent

fall

we keep firm, defending those near us."

Here i^^^^'

(jH

act as baggage-guard.
/

y^'^.S{ ti^;'*'*

.*

(t^-^j^^^

^O"** w^^

our swords and theirs were sword-sticks in the

players.''

IT)

We

fe.arod

no more from

adiiiittiii_t,'

"As

c.':!^^^

preil. aCtfr

cJ

or besmeared

were

tliiui.if tlicy

slicks.

as a tii|)totu (tJ;-^-*-*),

our garments and

if

tlie iii-;j^u\vaii

^^^A^^

suonls

tlio rcwl

liy a |icniic liciiiso u.-sud

<S?.J^^'' a (lii)totc, licio

were dyoJ with

tli.'irs

irifli

the juice of

if."

iuul (i>^}^ pass., pred. sent, alter eJ ^^

li''J'^J' Aral)icised from Persian {D^J'^j', a tree, the fruit aiul flower

of wlueli arc a deep red eolour.

J/ 0/

"

When

of affairs

T/T

::/>">

a tribe

5/

1/

/'^

unable to progress by rcasou

is

wliicli are likely to

come

of"

the fear

to pass,"

tjl\^)S\=: aJvancinj^ in battle.

o4-^i'fj=

Anotlier reading

^^^tIo

'

a noini sent., sid)j. to tlic

take a*^*-' \-

Some

///

^^iH

ci

'

to use tlinr

dubious

- J
participial adj. ^')-^'

knowu how

not
//////

elliptical for ^'^^H

/

swords.

'

*^ ^^'*' for ftar that

Ia/j *Jai [.s^

it

-///

Zjf=//J

'

to bo averted.

should happen.
/

/o/

/o

JIa;

/o

Ua^J

59

liA2J ^^i

"AVe make

onrtroops firm as the moitntaiii l^ahwat, possess-

.-.

i>:a.

'ijit^

ed of dignity, defending our hononr, and we take precedence,

io the rest of the tribes

This line
^>-'
,

is

adj. to

*^i^^''

^^'^j a mountain in
o..^.

o \d

in time oflxittk/*

the apodosis to

also

or

^-^ 'i

^^^

Yaman,

'

in the

uuder.
))rovcrbial for its size and grandeur.

means, "valarous ;" or "

iLiU^
10

pics. part. adj. to

preceding line.

^^i^

fully

armed."

146
Or i2t^^

(^aSj i^J

in

the ohj. case, being pred. nftcr

/i/j
''

being ^^ Jj-^^'O

in the obj. case,

infill.,

By reason

battle a glory;

jj'^

of

order

in

to

and onr old men experienced

youths. PI.

of,

pass.

i!ifin.

't^^'*' seconc^lary

= being

killed

in

wars.''

''.

of V^-*

killed.

ohj. to OJL^:!

V-?:-*'

in

c >

&c., adj. clause to w^'*'

<i)ij-?.

UAfl^

means

with, or by

/nil

who regard being

youths,

oz<r

'^^

==o//o/o

'

eJ ^'**^=

of V^-i-^

pi.

Prose order

"

our Jionours.)

det'eiul

We

'

v^^^

co-Old. to

cd'-?-*-

't-?^ CJ-!;:'.^^'*

the opposors

are

V-i-^O

of all people, fighting or striking

their sons to defend our sons."

^i'^^
adj.

of

under.
It

diminutive of c^J*^^;

common gender
It

'^n infin.

nom.

in the

= ti"^^

to compete

used as an

case, being pred. to the subj.

lt^

means, " an adversary, " or " a competitor, " or " the best."

may be

in the obj. case, being adj.

to; or a

noun

in app.

with

O^^^

line

would

j'^^j in line 50.

^*-i*^

ij^l%

obj. of

J^^

obj. of

to cr^-^-".

'^ to ti>^'

Another reading !f-^j^^^

(^^^M obj. to S
'^J

obj. of_) --'

= as regards

strik ing.

li/

s= / /

sjjj

mean,

Ifl/o

'

j^igQ

tQ

cast

lots

mutually, to exchange

JFe kill their sons and they

kill

favours one or the other party.'

when the

ours according as the chance

Here ^^J'^^iu. app. with

/_
(J^-^

'

in line 51.

14;

^j[n.o also a i)aitic.

= 'Staking,' wlien the

lino

uoiild monti, 'Sfakin{r their

BOMB against our sons.'

53

^->^-^

^-^'i-=>'

diiy of

our

^-^i^*

'MUifc

the

ill

become

cavalry

^)-'a>>

them,

fcai- for

out

.'^pr>'>((/

{niiuirils

li.ix^^

&^^}^

.'.

the

{i.e.,

ewmij

^y^ (xli

our sons,) onv

in

troops and

squad reus."
^^i obj of time.

iutrodticinjr

'

V-^^
rase,

pi. of *-*'^^

tf-J'^-'

''But on

we hasten
^'Ls^yi

tlie

'

**

the obj.

in

/J-

of

pi.

'-*

any luunher of men between 20 and 40;

sound

fipodosis to

being prcd. after

U-^-*'

following sent

tlic
-^

..

^>'^^

co-ord. to

we do

day, in which

not

feai"

on their account,

to the attack with our loins girt."

noun

.,

seivt., in

the gen. case, being ^^^

o i^-c

^q {], o^-'^-'l,

(oi)].

of time

^^i~/

introducing the Hiiodosis to

means, " we go

e;**"' also

t:^^^^'^'^

In

some

obj. of

J '^

copies the

'we go early

in

Here

i^y^

2nd hemistich of

line

53 reads

^-^i^'

l-v^^-' ls:'*=

^i

y^

^a^xj

^ji*--'

'

'

;=:

while

^\^.^z=< ^e repair to our assemblies

'

*j^-^

'.^*-}^l-^'*

the morning in attacking parties with our loins girt

that of line 54 reads

in parties

to

'

far in."

horsemen making inroads.'

148

''

Qncler the leadership of

whom we

beat

we conquer both

\veiik

with

Bakr,

That
kinds of

(_r 'j

is

down

ami strong, or

kinds of land

all

or

all

affjiirs.

a large party

_^^-: e^-'
f*-**^

c3'^j

from the Beui Jasliam-ljinthe level ground aud the

onr,

tril)e

or a cliieftain

or an army-

of Bani Tiiglilib, to

&o., adj. sent, to

^r J

whom

/o//o/::///o/o//

'Bat

verily

the poet belongs.

'

:z/j/o/r,j/n//

not

the tribes will

know

//

we have been

that

shaken and become weak."

We

conceal our losses, and always act as tliough sure of victory

are never

known

to the

or

we

people to lose cunrage or be weak, as weakness

is

strange to ns,
Vxji.^x.A'i

IjI

^'

and

^J'

'>''

Here ^H^ j an example of

the j'^^,(()r the '^V'^ "f

a matter of fact

/o

57

it is

LU'^ts-'t

*-^

o/

J^^

noun

the

sent,

(h'ft'ct in

being obj. to |*^*J ^

rhyme, known

as;

j^^

^^U.J

before cf,) onghtto have been '^^-^^ , while as

imis/

// o//

1/

(J^J

J*^"*

...

Uj.1^

'^//n//

^^I ^\:^i\}

''Be careful, no one must act foolishly with

have to aot foolishly wiiU Jiim above the

us, lost

1/
ill

we should

folly of the foolish

ones."
i^

-(fS:- .jl

Wo

negative, iniper., emi)hatic, with the light

shall di)

cJ*^"* with

An

more than

'^'^^^

])av

governed by

instance of the figure*'^

act of folly.

them back

ide line 6 of

in their

own

ii)

coin.

o.

l^.*.-

poem

IV.

Liy

ndiich

avenging

is

termed as an

110

*'

Oh

For -what purposo,

we
over

'Anini bin

becoiuo servauts

shoulil
"

to

the

do yon wish

IliiiJ,

you

cliief

liavc

iJiat

dcpnUd

lis ?

Wliat good

your wishing that so powerful

is it

as ours shouhl

n tribe

submit to your leadersliii)?

Is

intcrr.

jj*^

in tlie ol)j.

C:;i-'=^^

ph

in

/O/

( <->

Wliat do you wish from

/o

Oh 'Amru

and despise

''^'<'

<_y

>> l-^^'*

bin

lliiul,

o/

_/

do you libteuto our

us?^'
a course

sucli

/o/

= you regard us with contempt.

^^^.^ O'-'j

Anotlier reading

to *-i-*

compound,

= for your posterity.

/jT

''With what desire,

shvnderors,

'

the obj. case, being; pred. after tu^^-'

Auotlier reading (>^*1^'

/

oU^

'

case, beinj/ vocative

u^^*

of

\|l

noun ^ ^r^^-

/
''

1st jier. pron.,

"With
th;it

\V(>

^, jXJ
^j

Ij

of

<_< J >i_)"'

wliat object,

'Amru, sou of Hiud, do you thiuk

sliouhl be consi(h:re<l \\\v?

I

subj.,

^^t^d

o])j.

^^;;(.

^-^-^J^

J i"

ry

HOUU
^'

SC

UJ^^

Ut

1 )

''

<li(^J^-

pred. sent, after cj

in tli obj. ease,

'

being pred. after iHj^^-

" Vnu are menacin<:^

us,

and threatening

Lave we been servants

to

your motlier

Ljji^^ Syncopated or hghtencd form of

(

Enough, when

us.

'^

\^^ii^^'^

vJ~-^'^) from the verbal noun Lf^^'* =^ service.

\\ of (.j-^^^'* adj.

150
^^ii:) dim. of i>^)

<^t-^~ 'j

an

infin

proceed gently; leave

All exanip. of

Irony
/

^'For, verily,

it

'

f^^f

Oh

for a while.

/n/o

ini

our enemies before

cogn. obj., clliptically used for ''^Oj'^j

o /o/

//

j n/

//

'Anirn, our spears Lave proved too

// s /

stiff

to

3'on, to 3'ielJ fo tlieni".

often used to symI)olise " honour ".

The line means that though
have had many enemies before you, we have never submitted to them.

^ ^' is

\vc

jj*^

in

'^J:-^'

the nom- case, being simjile vocative.

&c., pred. sent, after cjl

lAAij ^jl

noun, sent, obj

j_.U

^J:^l=l,amed.

Lines 62 to 61

When

proved
Oar

'.

''

to "^^.^

to

tlie

it

good instance of '-^^^*'-'

vice gripped

pride will not allow us Lo

^* refers to

o^^J

it

it,

very hard and stubborn

'^

'-^^

l)e

'=

refused
rejcciinrj

the ohj. case bi-ing

Obs. the figurc^^-tiJ

"

straightening sf ear shafts.

theni,

i.e.,

to the

enemie

J ^-^

'iU l^v ; (_^i^ c^j

U^

.^c

meh that, when it is bent it emits a creaking

and breaks the back of the straigliteuer and his fore-

Very hard,

noise,

straighten and

ing straigJitencd;"

directed by other people.

Another reading ^f^-'jj= would prove to

in

to
l)>

in line 02.

a descrijition of vice for

^i\j^^

Allegory.

head.'^
&.i\j^ lepeatcd for emphasis

^^i^

'^

.)

or//
Another

"-^^

rcuilini;,-

= "\\Iion

lol

you

it,

|iiii(li

it

would

c^c."

strikL",

/-/O

jj

"Have you boon

Baki",

O/

O/j

-;^-

c;-(*"'^

O/

^'ji'i v-?^'^^ I/'

65

Bin

l/T/

o_;..c

>i

'

o^^-^^

told anijtldiKj about

/o^o//
"^'"^^

triljo (jf Jiisliatn

tlio

concerning their breaking their

tJ^^'

'z'

cnija(j tine ids

the

in

great affairs of the former people."

/

Another reading U^^^i

= "concerning any failing on their part,

" regarding anv abasement,

O/O

"We

had

theij

jj

//

'^

&c.

or

submit to," &c.

to

///

0/

/O/

/o/

/ /

inherited the glory of 'Alqamat Bin Suif,

/")

xvlto

made

huvful to us forcibly the fortress of glory."

^j^'^^j^.^

^ai-= a diptote

for

^V^J

and

of Tagldib, wlio lived about 500 to 5t)0 A. D.

Bakr, he established with his people

after the

and

war of Basoos was over.

^'^^^^

the southern

in

He was

Being
well

cliief

of

tlic

tril)c

afraid

of the tribe of

])art of

the Peninsula

known

for his gooil nature

liberality.

//
^^^.

&c., adj. sent, to 'ai-c

'

'^i<^

obj. of

"

'-^

forcibly,

/- J o J /o

inherited

than he, that

is,

ilta

(jlonj

threw open.

e.,

i.

by dint of valour.
3 o/j

jO

of Muhalhal,

Zohair; wltich

is

/n

/'">

rr/O' J

and one who

is

J n

greater

the best treasure of the trea-

surers."

The

glory, which

had been acquired by his ancestors

him, was the best of the treasures they had

left

anel inlierited

by

him.

Muhalhal, son of Rabee'ah, the great grandfather of the poet on the

mother's side who fought with the tribe of Vail for 40 years,
/

avenge the blood of

the father's side,

who

died about 4l0

in

order

to

his brother V-i*-^

Zohair, his great grandfather on

AD.

both sides of his family, were distinguished.

lie uieutious

them

to

show that

152
b-f:*3

f*^

^^S

ill

nppos.

J'^0

(*j

"'ith^^^

(^'^'

a verb of praise,

&c., elliptical for

Another reading ^^^ ^^.'^

68

I*-*-*-*

Iajjx:^^

'i'

ill

which

is

co-ord. to ^^U'*,

^^^hj

^O^ IJ.Jl_;^i

l**ij

= the best after him.

'

I^J

).

,*4J

^j'l-j

.'.

U ^iir

l*A^:u

_j

b Uf
_j

''
TFe inherited the glory o/'Attab and Kultlioom wholly, and
by them we obtained the inheritance of the most honoured

ones/'
^^y^^

and

'^J'^^ in

the obj. case, being co-ord. to

^W-l-*":

in the

preceding

line.

(J

&c., adj

sent, to

Another reading

V ^"^

^^^

and

l-^^-i^

O ly

^-^-i**^ VI

r- the legacy of

all.

grandfather of the poet.

CJ^^^ father of the poet, who lived about 500 to 560 A.D. His prowess
and horsemanship were proverbial. When the war of Basoos was over, he
went to King Munzir III., and, as the re|)resentativeof the tribe of Taglilib,
he swore to the fulfilment of the treaty by them.

69

lij^s:==*''

'

c/*^^ J (^'^^ *?

.'

*^^*

^^ "^A.

^ iJ

2^aJ

"And Zu-1-Burah, whom you have been told about, through

whose glory we are defended and we defend those who seek
protection of us."
Sjt'

ni

man

of the ring,' one of the tribe of Taghlib, so called

account of his putting

a ring in his nose,

until he should have killed the

his (the murderer's) brothers

was also called

^^^S-'

Another reading
/

'

on account of a ring

to take

with seven
of hair

it

on
off

more of

on his nose.

He

'^j\

'^^
/O/-

'

o
/'J

"And from US;

slayer of his brother

or

making avow not

(i.e.,

our

ill

<rt()c)

<J0/>

before him^

{i.e.,

a.

j/^/ X

Zu-l-BurahJ

1.53

was Kulaib, the cmlcavoaror in increasing our glur'j.

whore is the ylory which we have not obtained ?"
^^"^ pretl.

to the siibj. t/*

V-i-l^ in apposition
C5"' inter.

obj. of

-U^^'-'i'

'

(*>

'

'

with

t^j-c^--'

brother of J4U-^

'

subj. to the pred. '^J^J'^

'

under.

^^'j under.

71

"

^^

( J"^-? )

Then

lJ^Jj.aJ

When we

u^ij J

JUs-'

As-'

Js*3r!

.'.

Uiij^i

j,2xj

^x;

our she-camel with a rope to the neck of an-

tie

other, she breaks the rope or she breaks the neck of Ulg camol
tied to her."

Whenever we join

^^

in battle with

jussive, being

^^^

/j/

Another reading

J>fi*-'

'^^H.j^

an enemy, we overcome him.

after t?*"*
O/Oj //

aud '^^^ and U^^J apodosis, (*!>^).

j^*"* in

the pass.

= whenever our she-camel

is tied.

- -<

Another reading '^^

in

"Aud we shall be found, we, (J rejyeat), the firmest of them

keeping our word, and the most faithful of them when they

bind us with oaths."

'^y

uj^^ in appos. with the imi)lied pron., subj. of

(o,j.rU;j|)

and i^-*

'

secondary

Another reading ^t*"^'

ary obj. to
.

'^='J^

L:r*

/'^^jl co-ord. to

Ij'^^obj. of

Aud

"^^^^

'>

the whole sent, /n*^'*

being the subj. and

(t*^^

'

for

emphasis

t*-''

'

'

t^

second-

pred.

y.-^'.

Another reading

^'

Cir*^

obj. to

<^^J

'^y

"

*.

jussive being co-ord. to '^^

we, on the day on which the

fire

in line 71.

of war was kindled

154
in Kliazaza,

helped

of Nlzar above the help of the

the tribe

helpers."
In the time of war our assistance was more valuable than that of any
other tribe.
i^'^^ obj. of time, the sent, '^^j

iSubj, to

^^jW

\j

G
^

'^'j

the

fire

word

'

being /-^

'

o 'wax

V-^^

implied, such as

'j

to

it.

the

fire

of

war

or

of hospitality.

//
'_>= a mountain near Takhfah, by the side of the road, between
(_5J
Mecca and Basarah, which was the scene of a battle in 492 A. D., won by
/

Kulaib against the armies of Yaman. A

mit of the mountain to guide the people.

"

And we

are they

who kept

was then kindled on the sum-

fire

their camels at Zi-Orata, while

the old large camels, and the she-camels abounding in milk,

were eating withered grass.''

They had stayed there so long that the camels had eaten up all the fresh
They stayed at this place a long time to help their tribe against
grass.
their enemies.

J'

a relative pron. and the partic. c)^'-^'-^

its rel.

clause {^^'^)

'^
',

'

o/
here

ly^"*"^

='..>**~^=^

e^i*^

So

'

also are

all

the participles with

'

in

the

following lines.

^^^ '=^big

JJ^

camels; of common gender and number; or

pi. of * |;^'=*'

= yielding abundant

-*~^ &c., adv. sent, of

'^

milk.

were the right wing of the army when we met

enemy; and the sons of our father were the left wing.''

^J
'i

"And we
the

pi. of '-^i^'^

subj.

tow'^ and [^,j^i^

1st per. pron.

^i-'

'

ol/^^

to

pred.

jfJ

155
uaj

deeds

l^i.J, i.e., tlietriho

of

war between

tlie

ill

The

l?iikr,

their cousins.

Niziir

and Yainan, when Kuhiib

reference

is

to tlicir

with

fou<^lit

Lahced al Ghassiiiii, the agent of the Uhassani Kings, raliug over Taghlib,
Labeed had struck the sister of Kuluib in the face.
/

o/

^h

76

cj/o/

U*-*

/n J

^-'^^ Ul<cj

.-.

s/o/

o/

(*\i^i u*-^}

J //
iJj'^ \jJ^^i

" They attacked whoever approached thcm^ and

we attacked

wlioever approached us."

^h'^ cognate

obj.

((3^^^ Jj*^^).
/

^t"

"

and

^^M

clauses to U"^

rel.

1st pers. pron., obj. to t^

/

"They

z.

:!

JJ

''^

'

'

'^

'

'

"

'

returned with plunder and with captives, and

we

returned with fettered kings."

^i^k^

obj. of

^y^.

^^ to

a prep, giving a trans,

and ^i

signification

H '^^^')

to the verbs

" Beware, Oh Bani Bakr, beware oj cpoarrelling vdtJi

you not know with certainty concerning our bravery ?"
^^jjJl

j^

J*>

= withdraw

*
to

or a phrase equivalent to a verb; elliptical for ^^'i

t^

your ownsclves, look to your ov/n

LS^i in the obj. case, being

'

us,

do

lJ'^'*^ '^1

affairs.

o ^^ (_g>>^>-'^,

for interrogation.

UJ :=

U^J

^liere
/

*'

'^-^

Do you

whe7h

not

^'^

/o/

is
/

expletive;

know about

they were fighting

arrows"

i/

'^O*^ jussive by
//

'^-''^

^
=

.>/o/

-/

the bands from us and from you,

together with lances,

and shooting

156
w.jU5' stripped ofti^J^*-^) being o^'^>./o^*-c being an extreme plural

C^*^J and iDi^^ji 3rd pers., fcm.,pl., adj. sent, of

to v-^^*^

^^^

"While upon us wei-e the helmets and the Yamanian jerkin,

and in our hands swords, which were straightening and were
bending."
The swords bend from
Vxxic

St
o
Ua

(^^^i.),

pred.

the force of their blows.

the subj.

(1'^^)

^h^^ and

being U^i^-",

= silken jerkin, or leathern shield.

'~Ai

t^^

lii^a:-^ adj. sent, s of

and

l.\AA.s^:!

J^^

to

o U-

\^*H also means which were rising over

the heads of the enemies

and stooping on them.

Another reading
J J

/ f

U_^wai

t.gJ

81

"Upon

ij*^i

= which had to be straightened.

/'>/

//

Jjy

^y

/ ~
Ji iJajJ

us there

'

/
.

^jo

1)

AiJ

was every ample glittering

ij

n/

J/ UaU
coat of

mail

wherein you would see creases above the girdle."

AijU jr

gubj.

(I 'i-ij'c),

and

'-^i-c

{j^)

pred.

o
*-*^^*

(jLT^

and u'^'i

an

adj.

adj. s to '^j'^

sent, to **^

Another reading

>'?:*

'-^

<3j=: above the

belt.

o /

J J
ljj/ii

an
/

iufin.,'or pi. of
n/r,

jj

i^'^^ a crease.

/ /

"If it should be put

would see by reason of
black.-"

under.

off
it,

=:0/

/o/o

from the warriors one day, you

the skins of the people wearing

it

157
was snch

It

skills

a loncj timosincn tlioy bat! takon the

wore blackened i'rom

tlio ciloct

armonr

off; or tlicir

of the iron, by long wearing.

^^Ji obj. oFtimo.

^i'j apodosis to

^.y^

pl.

" As
pools,

them

if

of

U^^

'

secondary object of ''i'j

tbe folds iu tlioso

which the wind

coatti

strikes,

of mail were the surfaces of

when

it

blows, so as

to

causo

to ripple."

Another reading
"

'-i

As

cy-fr'^*'

their backs,

if

[i.e.,

The

line

then would mean,

the surfaces

of the coats of mail,) were the

surfaces, &c."

A similar line occurs in the Hamasah.

(^^5 8cc; adj. sent, of J'-=*' to cJJ^^
j'^^
.

pl. of^'^'*, by a poetic license.

form of
,
?'
Vide
instance of the defect in rhyme, called j'^'* lou*.

syncopated

//

j*^-*^

^Hj^ another

line 56.
/

" In

JO/J/////OJ

the day of battle,

carry us, which are

gi^j

well-bred horses,

known as belonging

to us,

:;

/^ o

//

of

scanty

hair;,

horses captured

from the enemy, and which were weaned from their mothers. "
^

l'^-*'

obj. of time.

'i>^ pl. of 'i/^l

adj. to

^^ u'y adj. sent, to

^J^

pl.

J^^

J Ji^

under,

of 2<i^^, a diptote o^^i/c^J|i

an

adj.

to

J^^^,also,=

selected, chosen.

i^i^^
Another

passive, past., 3rd pers.,

ieadinj<

^^ ^^

with branding, or with

fern,, pl., adj. sent, to

*^.>~^= pastured,

a colour.

Jji^

or of goodly make, or marked

158

85

^jl^^Jl

lAj;ij>.5

JtAA-i!^

li*.^ (ij^s-j-'^j

.'.

^^j'j'^ eJ'ijj

" They arrived wearing coats of mail, and they came out of
matted manes like tlie twisted knots of the

fhe hatth with

bridles, while

they were worn out

'^j'j*^ obj. of

J^

used

with

witli fatigue.'^

tir:!^^^

though '^j'^^^j^.^

by a

poetic hceiise.

^^-^ obj. of
^MiJ-i-i

J^^

3rd per.,

fern., pi., adj. sent, of

J '^

"We inherited them, from our fathers

and we
e^*

shall

i.e.,

J^^^

to

venovmed for sincerity,

when we

cause our sons to inherit tliem

die."

the horses.

t5-^ secondary obj. to

^^^^

" Behind us there are

^^

fair,

pron. ^^)

'

->

^'^^ to

cr-^J

women

beautiful

we

fear lest

they should be divided amongst the enemy or suffer disgrace."

fJ=-^A

and cJ^-"^

jh^^

adj. to f^'^ under., subj.

&c. adj. sent, to ^-^-^

U^^jjl

^aj ^\

Another reading

'^^*

),

to the pred.

{j^^)

a noun sent.

O }^^ ^

('

obj. of Ji^'=^^

1^ i^'^"' j*

^j^

introduced by Hj'^'^^^iV^.

= noble, we

are afraid

lest

they

be separated /rom us.

f

/nj

/ f

nr

" They took promises from

= o/

their husbands,

jj

/ /

u^jli/

'<i

'in the second hemistich.

a diptote. -^^'^^^-r-J:'^;

/ /

when they met

the bands of the enemy, celebrated for their bravery/'

cJ*^^' ai)podosis to

being extreme plural.

loO

Another

rcailing

Anotlier

reailiiit;

"That they

,listii)guisliing

/"

z/J

a vow.

'J<^^
Lxa.U><>

..^

J^^

J ^^

of

])artic.. ohj.

j^aI-L-aj

/O/

:s

-_,

/r,/ f

and swords and

bouud together with a rope/'

^j^

to

emphatic, phir. with

Another 1-eading

tir^^:! t/^'

'

/ /

sliould take as booty the horses,

prisoners^ and return ivith them,

i:,.-!:-

themselves with badges.

and

="

in

c)

for emphasis.

women may

order that the

take as

booty, &c."

o// ^

Another reading
Another reading
This hue

'^;:*i^

<>^

//////

=: coats of mail and hehnets.

'

=well struck with swords and whips.

explanatory of

is

o/

l-l

^'^J;-?

in the previous line.

^*?-*

'

j/,=

-/

dj

''You will see us going forth to battle, while

have taken to themselves an ally, fearing us."
iji'j)

//

^='

other tribes

Ij

to

&i*A.

*i-' '-^^

all

////

tiie

following sent,

/ /

A^^^^

Or

partic. obj. of

introductory to

being

in the obj. case,

'--'

J_?*A^

and ^.j> 2nd obj. to 'j<i^l. The latter part then

taken our fear as a companion," i.e., are constantly afraid of

'^^^^'^ 1st
obj.

means, "

hiive

our prowess.
~

91

^-^-i^j

"When
gracefully
/

'

they,

and

jj o/// o

\:Ji^'^

"^?^^'^

inijn

//
'

'^

.'.

^^^4-'

/
I

o/ /o ^

\z)^.^*i

^^^ ^

'

0>!

ivomcn of our tribe,) walk, they walk

backs of the drunkards sway.^'

the

swai/ as the
/

/.*

^Hj^

^'

dim. of (^J^*

c;^*'i apodosis to

^'^

/
,

'

adj. to A^-^*-'

-i

'

(na^ of walking) under ., cog. obj.

IGO

92

women

TAe?/ are the

'*

^^^^

^-m=>. ^-J;*^

^H^^

who mix with

e^l

^-^^ C5-V

^Jl-^i:

pedigree and

long

qualities,

e^'*

Jusbam Bin Bakr,

of the tribe of Bani

good

their

j^i

.'.

true

religion."

^j
class

l*Ji pi.

of

<XA.J;*ii^

woman who

of woman, who can alone

nom. case, being pred.

/o //
j^Jali*.

^/O/ 0/

mix,

iif*;

add

i.e.,

w^^

" They feed our horses, and say to

if you do not protect us/rom

o '^H = They

to.

Oj^/

/// jj

bands,

Another reading

It is ^j'O.y/aji.s. \^

(^'?'*) to the suhj. c^* under.

an adj. sent, to
/

hence the upper

travels in a howilah,

afford such luxury.

'

lis,

Oj/f

/Oj/

you are not our hus"

the enemy.'

lead.

^^^*-i in the ohj- case, being pred. after

^^^

pron., obj. of J*-**-'

/

/ /

::

J ^o/

n/

1 1 1

" If we do not defend them, then we shall

zi

r,/

r,/

never remain

for

doing any good after the captiire of them by the enemy, and

we

shall not live.'^

That
and

is,

they would lose their good name

after their

>*J obj. of

if

their wives

good name was gone, death was preferable

time

Another reading

iD ^"^y^

i^^.'*^'

'

were captured,

to life.

^j^ ).

for anything.

" Nothing protects the women like a blow, such that you will
by reason of it the arms of our foes flying o^'like the qulats."

see

<Jaa3 subj.
/.i/c

^^fi

of^^^

3ic., adj. sent,

to ^^'^-

/*

sound

U>^^*

pi.

of ^*^

It

as {^iven in

is

dictionary aa a smaller piece

tlic

of wood struck forward by a larger in tiie game of hockey.

I believe> is more like " Tip-cat " than hockey.
/r^/

"As

if

/o//

/=;

tz.f

J ^

The game,

i.

z.f r

we, when the swords arc drawn, gave birth to

all

people, the whole of them.^'

That

people turned to us for help, as though they were our sous.

is, all

3 introductory to the following

^ ^i

C 1^

&c., pred. after

jO

51

/O/

^ aV^

^i-'

n r J f/

; i

o/_,

r,

'*Tlicy cause the beads to roll on the ground, as strong boys

the play grounds."

roll balls in

<_f

<^*

^'

lightened form of

'^

/j

^^O^-"

'>'* '^J

where

pi. of ?./^, obj. of<j9'^'i>J

sound

modified into (S

^ is

'
.

= //
l/"^ pl-

^JJ

f^^

JJ-/^^a

Lt7., a gravelly

'

robust youth.

ground or
/T/

valley.

SI J

^f

//o

r,

" And verily all the tribes, descended from Ma'add,

known when their tents were pitched in the open plains
That

V^

is,

*^,
I

to the pred. c^i^J, 3rd per., fcm., pl.

subj.
ji^

[ix]ij\\^\

Ojl

-//

^jS.[^j\Vi\j

/O//
...

iij^ii-^i

"That we are the givers of food, when we are

when we are tried in battle ;"

are the destroyers

21

liave
;"

the day the tribes appeared in the world.

pl. of

99

n//

OjO

-/

^j^xk^}\uu

able,

and we

162

'J

in the obj. case, being subj. ((*'') after cj'

e)^**^*-'
CJ->^^'fr*-'

'

'

^J

noun

'

by

sent, introduced

co-ord, to o^***^'*-' ^

'

cJ

and so

'

'

pred. being oj**^*-'

gen. case by

in the

also similar sentences in

the

following lines.

For the construction of iD^**^-' and the

'

^ o

Vide OJ~"; ^^

like,

o//

:://

" And that we are the preventers of what we

iifpon any country wherever we wish ;"

'

line 74.

/o

3;//

and

desire,

we descend
boj

'^i-=^

sent.

rel.

clause \^'^) to ^^ , the pron. 8 obj. under.

locative

^H^

being

noun.
'!:'

(eJ*^*-"

o '-^^

'

^J^))

to

indeclinable with

/*-<=,

the following

it.

/o

^^^

form of ^^^

lightened

\n
/
/ /
/
J
z.' f
ti^-^jlil wji>^ i" ^J'j

101

litii-' lil

z:,

'

^j^/jliJlUlj

''And that we are the leavers of things when we are

and the takers Avhen we are pleased ;"

pleased with them

102*
*'

that

lil ii,^A:3UJlUI_,

lj^J:-<a

And

that

we

are

we

dis-

li*if Ijl ii;_j*-^UJI(Jlj

.-.

ate the protectors

resolute

iyl

when wo are obeyed; and

when we are rebelled

pimishing

ao-ainst:"
/o

Another reading (i)^*^^^

103*
**

And

//

jj'->

li>sr'

we

that

ob

'

/
I

controllers.

>

J (j^aaJ

'

'^^'^

pron. obj. of '^

to

) ,

Another reading "^^j ^

^^

l>cl

/
I

. .

UaL

are the defenders of those

whenever the swords leave

U^if-" subj.

their

^ /o -/ /
UJ ^^^*i Ui IJ j
I

who

scabbards;"

the pred. sent.

''J^^^

'

"^h

'j.

follow us,

ixjoo^ ^^y^wiuij

104*
"

And

famine

wo

that

are

j^^ jij ^yj^^ujiijij

.-.

sholtorers of the jioor in every year of

tlio

and that we are bountiful to those who ask

for gifts

of us;"
o/
cJl^

almost a in-oper nam* for the year of scarcity,

and so

it

does uot

o/

admit the

article

'

and

i)eing also of the fein. gender,

but here used as cJ/'^*^ admitting iji^^ atul

'-

i)ron. in the

geu, case, being

/

105

"^

^ii

/
1

we

c^^i^V-"

when we

destroy

i')j**^*J

^* ^

also

^^j

106

"When we

= " we
/

J "^^
'

1^^

J l^

to

VJ"*-J

'

freely

when we

^ iji

u^**^-*

::,/

^
'

'

give our gifts

J
and'

the captives at liberty-"

a

it

o//

t^fi'^'*

.*.

v^'*^ J

/o

J /o//
uj__^ij

/o// o

UtUvijj

we drink

tiji

whilo

pure,

it

impure and muddy/'

'

*'",

so also J

A^ and

adv. sent, of J^'^^ introduced by

107

CS"'^^'"

^i>j

.-.

*^j'^^-^^i-,

are disturbed."

set

^^^i-^

IJ

it is

hv a poetic license.

//////

arrive at the water,

apodosis to
adj. of

/jO/ ^/o/

others besides us drink

^j^

o ^'^^ to

J "^o -//

" And that we bestow

that

/H:-"

ij^

^h*^

'^'^J

^i^k*^

dj

^H-^

.'.

"Beware, telltoBani Tammah and the

"
you find us?'

l-i^

^Uii^

tribe of

ts-ij (*iv' i*!

Du^nee *how

did

_(^J

|_^AJ

108
'

i^

When

and

^^

o^iJ branches of the tribe of Ayiid.

jO//o//
J^'>vj' ^^1

sO//-

ZJ.' =

j o/o

^-^^-'^'(^--^^"^^'ii

that the king treats the people with indignity,

refuse to honour submission

amongst us."

wo

164

We

refuse to submit to tyranny.

Syncopated form of t-^U-", gubj. to tbe

t-^U-*!

^^ secondary
J^

sent, j*^-^

j)retl.

Lit., afford a place, allow it to settle.

o /

y>^

11)

nonn

'

sent. obj. of ^^^.

'

./

oj/

introduced by ^ij <^'A"<id

pron. in the gen. case, by is'

^>

&c.

obj. of (^*

J n/

o//

o // /o i

//

" The world is for us, and he who is above it, and we attack
with violence, being powerful, when we are attacked."

t^^'^l

t^^^

^J

(^^

pred.

^^^^^

a perfect verb

obj. of time,

o ^'c

to

w^

and

(w^'<L>-'

Another reading
/

"

We

(J^*^-*

J J

Z.

J UJ

o-j-Ai

Secondary

1-!=

Uj

'^^.^

''

have

and we have
*

=when we

'

U>;Jj

in the

we

after it.

sent.

cA^-* being

e^^-'

*>:-'

filled
filled

nom.

subj.

ofcr-^>.

/.

attack.
/ <">'/

//

LL.U

U^

c /^

e^W-'^

cr*~-J

we have never committed a

destroy the tyrants."

'^

verb

t^*^

byj.

'"'^^, introduced

" being the subj.

i5,lt*J^s-y|

lAJ>i.

We

(^i'=-

-z

obj. of the pas.

adv. sent.

pred. after

111

LJ^^ implied

are called tyrants, while

U+iJi

no pred.

'

'

tyranny, but verily

(^i*-"

it.

'.:

liA

^k^

'

*^j^), the following

'

UjjCil5 partic, obj. of J^-=^ to

110*

subj.

requiring

/*^-'(J>-*

^Uj

lie

.,

the land until

it

'

^_^\a.

IJJlx)

becomes too narrow

the sea with ships.

case, being subj.

JjLr

^^

for us,

'*

the following sent,

pred. [yi^)', or in the obj. case, being tj^t*^^. J**-*

^'^

d^l^h

being

05

llxS.Mt j,^ t],f> oh), caso, beinpr^-i^-*^, obj.

Aiiotlier readiiig^r^'

the

niidille of

''When
fall

j^^j =the

surface of the sea;

Olio

"^j' i

J^}^\

i/////o////

of our boys readies the age of weaniog,

down worshipping him."

tf^'* subj. toC^-?.

UjAa^L,

and_y*^' ^^j

the sea.

kings

'

of spcpifioation.

part. obj. of

pi.

of

J^.

J ^^

to^-:

^^

'

great

166

U^^ L^

^ ^JL^^

THE SIXTH POEM,

Ascribed to 'Antarali Bin Shaddad tlio 'Absian. He died
about the year 615 A. D, His mother was an Abyssinian slave.
It

his prowess

was

and deeds of valour, that secured him

his

liberty.

The poem gives

a lively description of a' raid by Mu^aviah,

son of Nizal, from the

ti'ibe

of Beni Sa'd on Bani 'Abs, the

between Yamamali
and Bahrain, which resulted in the utter defeat of the former,
Mu'aviah being killed by the poet.
tribe of the poet, in a valley called Farooq

The metre

of this

poem

J/cKJI

is

c^/c

The rhyme (*V^) is &aUa/o, [free] of

The poem is ^Js^i^ from its ^^^jj being
;

j*

O/

_*J

(^y

.5,

0// o/ o/

^wix

J*"^^
i/ / /o //

me

after reflection
is,

Vide

iklK

j^JLc

^1-

/ / n /

o //

/J,

o/

^Ixai-Aj

^K.

^.^/C
J/

I.

Jklaix

C//^0

0/

Poem

/ /

o /

the poets left in the garment a place for a patch to he

fatched hy

That

r,

the class of ^J'^I^^Jl

.

j/

j^lxAJL./0

JixkL.^

"Have

Jj^l, the same as that

poem.

of the 4th

and did you know the abode of your beloved

"

have the poets

left

any deficiency to be supplied

Have

the

poets of the former days left any poetry unsaid that the poets of the present

day may say

it.

The inquiry

of course contains at the same time a negative sense;

interrogation of appeal, cf j

^ i"

^t^*^ ^

Vide line 22 of

Poem I.

being

ir,7

-i^^-* n locative

gen. case by

c^-*,

Another reading
**J obj.

noun, o^-^ from conj. v.,

obj.

nf'tor

(^,^=

a verbal noun.

of time (o^>-'

*^^ may also=*^

(1 is

<^^

used expletivcly,

=^^

in

the

^J'^)-

'

certainly; the address

here*^-^^

song;

but

ofji'-*=,

is

directed to himself-

cl*|l=: 'or rather,' or, 'nay, verily.'

"

Tho vestige

cd thee,

until

of the liouse, which did not speak, coufound-

spoke by means of

it

signs, like

one deaf and

dinnl)."
('^^^I*-'

Poeui

This

(^J

adj. sent, to

/=o./

-J

" Verily,

my

kept

own

their

^y^ adj.

^^
(^
^

she-carael there long grunibling, with a

euiphasis {<^i^

of *l*^-

pi. of

^ ^o

^' ^,

cy^ \jj)\
it

'j

^.^ na

^^i>

= blackened),

placed

instance

'^^JJ

under.

'^'

= keeping
is

adj. to

firm,

i.e.,

C5*^^

'

= the three

stones,

on

an adj. used as a noun.

of an

adj.

in

combination of

''^

'

with the

quidifies.

Another reading

'^^

Another reading

where

'jjC^"**,
-^j

stones,

keeping and standing firm

^^).

adj. to (/*

^jj pi. of ^"^

which a cooking vessel

noun

mil

to ^'j under., in the obj. case, being obj. of time.

adj. sent, of

pi.

J n/

'places."

in <^3 for

J'^y

//=//

jT/

liearning at the blackened stones,

an instance oi ^j'^^. Vidc\ine2l,

line is

1.

('^

'^

'jj

t*^-*"

.J

i'^'jj adj. to

and

c^

'J'

under.

J 0/

ilr'

h^ = while

high, keeping firm and standing there.

'

complain to the

168

J^
e^
<^

'^

&c., an adj. sent, of

of

pi.

C^ = high

\jj adj. pi.

J^^

^^^^ji^

(=

^^

^^

adj. to J

the implied subj. of '^-^=^.

I)

or (/'

I,

^^
'

under.

abode of a friend, languishing in her glance,

It is the

submissive in the embrace, pleasant of smile."

J

'

>

in the

nom.

case, being

J'*^

^-^

l5*

subj.

'

'^^ )

under.

&^i\ adj. to ^^j^'^ under., = of cheerful mind and of pleasant conversation-

u^A^i, o^^^

l^J^^Js

\Sj)> in the

nom.

pj-t

common

adj. of

j*'-^-''

case,

= l^~**^,

l^^, and

Oh

being subj. of the

phrases to

^'^^

^.

adj. O^'J:'^*.

her smiling; a verbal noun.

=//

house of Ablah siitia^et? at Jiwaa,

who resided in you. Good morning
'Ablah, and be safe /row ruin.'''
'

those

j' ^ in the obj. case, being

''^'

*^-**

adj.

gender.

/0///0 ///=//
"

2^3.J

i*^^^-*-'

//o////

talk

me about
Oh house of

wti^/i

you,

to

(_5<iU/o.

^^

"

a diptote, <3^'&^'0 j'^.^ for ^i'*

and *^^*

name

of his wife

who

died soon after marriage.

t5** contracted form of

Vide

be happy.

Ia.u^

obj.

This line

is

of^i^J; or

//

j^lij! a^

Q
I

C5'**-' 1

Poem

a phrase of salute,

halted

my

obj. of time.

Ia. (_5-ci

/
i)

jj(i.

'.

FiV/e line 21,

/=///

/ /
.'.

^f^'^J

she-camel in that place

she were a high palace;

want of the Ungerer."

= may your morning

III.

another instance of ^^'^*-'

^//j^

'*

line 6 of

in

order that

Poem

///
L5^^'^

'fi'

I.

jo/

/ /

"^^^j^

and ic was as though

I might perform the

109

t?"^* pred.

{ji'^

after lyt^

iS"^'^) aorist, ^_}^*'^

by

j^W-"

under.,

adj. to *-*'^^-'

of J-i^-*^
i.e.,

the poet himself.

''And 'Ablah takes up her abode at jiwiia; while our people

Samman and at Mutathallam."

at Kazan, then at

UU

l_5

&c., au adv. sent, of

Also cL/^
* '->^

/o/ n _

(ij|^l

J '^

introduced by

^^^ Ij Ij

U*<s= rugged ground.

^^=:wide

of

pi-

^y

/o
f

O.X.J

part of a valley.

//o//

///////

jj n/

//

jS3\j (^jS\

.-.

^^ |*>iU3 JIJ3

^j/o

/~ j
CAA^x

I*

"May yoQ remain long amongst the ruins, whose time is old,
and which became desolate and empty, after the departure of
Umm-ul-Haitham."

^^

(*

'

'

Patronymic name of

^^-J*

-J

'^H^^

Passive, optative

{^i^^'i

Also = may you be greeted.

O-* explanatory of

^4

0/

^ taj
J.

^*-^.

^y

'^''

the implied subj. of '^i'i'^

and

adj. sent, s to

<-^-'=

obj. of time.

fr>^s^

"J'^J

-^J

^-b

t5-)^

\j^

.-.

c-rs^ li

^^_^j IjJ

^j b

c-JU.

''
She took up her abode in the land of m]} enemies so it
became difficult for me to seek you, Oh daughter of Mahzam."
;

cO"* LV '=LV.,

roarers like lions, threateners

0/ // O E /
/

Another reading oi^'-*-'

'j L)-* '-::'~'^=:

i.e.,

enemies.

she removed far from the place

of the visit of the lovers.

\j^c ^(.^ mj

jjjj

piiratic, in tlic obj, case,

beiug prcd. {j^"] after'^-^'^

170

V^-^
^^^.

an

infin., in

the nom. case, being subj. to the adj. tr-^

being

in the obj. case,

Obs. "^^^-^

j'

'

I-^aj

^^

1\a)

the change from speaking of his mistress

hemistich to addressing her directly in the 2nd hemistich

the

in

which

first

due to

is

strong emotions.

10

^-O*:? U^i-' '-^i:!^**-'

^^j

'*-*=->'

''

\^jc

J.i5l_j

l^iiJb

was enamoured of her unawares, at a time when I was

in marriage; but by your
father's life I sivear, this was not the time for desiring."
'^

killiug her people, desiring her

When

there was war between the two tribes, there was

little

use his

wishing to marry her.

^*

Secondary

^^y
'-^^^

obj. to the passive

obj. of Jr^i*J to -^^^^

J ^=^

"^^^

verb

introduced by j , which
time'; or 'notvvitlistanding that', in spite of that.'
'j adv. sent, of

'

while'

'at the

same

'

^^3 intin., iu the obj. case, being (3^-^

o/ o ^/

Another reading

'^i^'

'

VJJ= By

the

Jj*-^^

to

(^j

'

under.

Lord of the Ka'ba.

emphatic [^^J^"^).

.*o/

/_/

_;-** subj.

to is*-^ pred. under.

/o /
(^j''*

///

a noun of time [i^^-^y'

a verbal noun,

= thing

/"j o
rV^*-'

<^^^ from (^j);

fit

o/

occasion; ovf^^j^^

to be coveted or eagerly desired, as easy to be attained.

1^^*=: accidentally
11

'

or unintentionally; suddenly; at

V*

J n
'

n/

''''_>-**^

j/r)/

^
L?-^'*'

.'.

V""^

random.
^j/

I /

n// o///

^iiijiii O^JjJ

j>iJj

''
And verily you have occupied in my heart the place of the
honoured loved one, so do not think otherwise than this, that

you are mxj beloved''

!?

//

""^ jussive,

being neg. imper., fem., sing.

It

has here only one obj.

171
Tho
1/^^

-^*

^ refers to the infinitive Jj^''

'

v^*

/o/o

^^y*^.

'

/JO//

And how may be

{'^'^y*^ *^*^).

a piireiithetic-al clause

of the sentence (TJ^-'

'^

^S*.

go with

(jf^^j

The pron.

and

piej). iif^ in ls^'^

'.'

be gathered from the sense

to

'^Jyi

^s^

'''

/JO/

ni /"i/j

o// ^

/:://

tho visiting of heVi whilo hor people have

taken up their residence in the spring at 'Unaizatain and our

people at Ghailam ?"
"-^i^ (inter.), pred. to the suhj. j

'J-*-'

'

noun of action from j

J

'j

'-"!;^

/o/

o J

*'I

knew

o/

that

^-i

or

jjj/

l)y

(':! ^-^

possible for

is it

^^ 'j'j

me to be comforted

s'

^f:-*-'

JJ^i

= How

sent, introduced

Another reading

j/

Another reading jLr^-"

^j^j^jj adv.

'_>-'

^^.

/s

s:

Oj

o/ 0/

yoa had intended departing,

for,

verily,

your camels were bridled on a dark night."

o

Here

tyl

may

be taken either as hghtened form of

the conditional particle

( -=/*

had resolved on departure,

Another reading O-^^j'

"-r^j

= camels

'

came

Another instance

of

:z

^^^^

tjt

" Nothing caused mc

to

Jn the

know of

UJ I

= verily

latter case the

it,

as,

sent

or as

If

you

&c.

for travelling

80 also vice versa in the next

n

Oj.^.

',

pi.

without sing.

turning from 3rd to the 2nd person, and

line.

/o/

foar

c;/"/ifj'

n/ j/

jf

///

chpariure, except that the

172
baggage camels

Khimkhim
He knew

of

people were eating

liei'

move

that her tribe would have to

left for their

seeds of

tlie

tlie

tree throughout the country."

was no forage

on, as there

camels.

^'^j obj. of place

( '-h'

J^*^^ ).
/

^-J &c., adj. sent, to *-'^*^

^^^=a species of thorny

forage

shrub, given to camels to eat only

when other

not procurable-

is

Another reading j*^*

/

/JO

o /o

^s""

15

i)

// =

=/ ^/

w l>iJ h^ Is^ ij^

"Amongst them were two and

j/n//

C^*0

*-!^^^

.' .

'

//o

'"^^

^*-'*
'

forty milk-giving camels;,

black as the wing-feathers of black crows."

Black camels are considered very valuable by the Arabs.
'i pred. to the siibj. ij^-^^

j/
*^-^^*^ pl-

/O/O

= a she-camel

jjx/j

left to

noun

of time,

cJ ^'i>-'

its

'

_>-!:*^

sing.,

admitting

to iDJ'-^.j tj iy'*^

JJ

'

a mouth possessing sharp, and

<-^J^

obj. to_r^

-i

'

(= remember,)

possessed
of
o/

of lustre; adj.

sharp edges;

M._/0/

r"^* and

VJL^'* being pl. of VJ'*

to^*^ under.

Another reading
'^:1 i'-'

f*-^^^ iJ^^'^^^.

adj. to^*'>

= with

a sleek

and

delicate cheek.

o/

'-^t'^'*

under.
"^

'^Jj'^iS^

j.=

'~>''^

place of kissing, delicious of taste."

*'

^i.ja/0

'.

be milked.

'If

When she captivates you with

white teeth, sweet as to

some,

or according to

in the obj. case, being

Another reading ^^^^

&c.

of VJ-^^ ^= V->'-^'

of the feminine gen.

"

'

o/

ij^

^ijg

nom.

noun of

case, being subj. to the adj.

place, of the

2nd

conj.

from

tJt*

v***
*

) ^

or

173
->
Anothel'

rending

jaJ

0/

/o

j*^ ,>,* j

i^J

uy J.

" pleasant to taste

(^veit.

ofter the usual sleep of sleepers."

/o/

o/

17*

f'^V

"As

if

/o o

cri-' c; ^_>*-"

^//

t:/'^ I'i

e>oLi ^jUaj

.*.

o_^iiJ UJ($'j

she sees with the two eyes of a young grown up

gazelle from the deer, which

o /// /-//

/o/

single

birth

is

not born one of twins."

more

contributes

and soundness

strength, beanty

to

of limbs.
/o

//////

" It was as though the

of

o///

musk bag

merchaut

of a

;///

///

in his case

perfumes preceded her teeth towards you from her mouth;'*

8j

'*

syncopated form of

^^J'-*

= diffusing odour, lienoe

tv^ > the pred. being "^^-^

the obj. case, being subj. after

musk

liag

ii'

/
^A^flj also =^ with an elegant fragrance.

" Or

as

if it is

an old wine-skin, from Azri'at^ preserved long,

such as the kings of

^'^^
^^

in the obj. case,

''^j <i

'

from what, such

/ler

its

mouth

0/

is

in line 18.

good wine.

as.

foreign country, non- Arabic.

/o^

"Or

preserve;"

being co-ord. to ^y^

a city in Syria, famous for

^^ =Lit.,

^^^1

Kome

Here

5 n/

as an ungraZed

Edme

/n/

/:z

is

meant.

// =>.

-:

n/ n/

meadow, whose herbage

is but little dung; and

the rain has guaranteed, in which there

which

is

not marked with

He means

tJte

feet of animals.''

that no one except himself has tasted the delights of her lipe.

''"^JJ in the obj. case,

being co-ovd. to *j

^*

in the

preceding

line.

174
adj. sent, to '"^jj

i^-t.'C.i ^(^,

'^^^ obj. to {j*'^

j^Aj^j

Ja15

phrase to

a(-|j_

^U,Jjj.J;J fidj, sept, to

= bearing no mark

Also

'^J^

OAJ

The

first

left

every puddle in

/-J^I^

hrighi

it

^^J )

&c., sent, co-ord. to

Another reading
houred every

fixed

o/

*^

^^

'J

obj. of

is

= every

is

rotoml like a

dirham

it,

;"

clean.

upon

(^-h'

so that the

Jj*^-*) to c^^^''

enjoyed

which

abundantly

meadow.

water flows upon

it

alone,

"^-^

to

^i

'='

/ /

i-iij

and

it

it."

'^"J {intensive inf.), in the obj. case, being

time

fly

not cut off/rom

so

it

/Of//

did not cease

humming

the act of the singing drunkard )'

J /O/

..

Another reading ^^=^i ^^^i

it

*fi^'>-a-(J^

"The

it.

rain.

" Sprinkling and pouring

as

/o// o

ci-'

and abundant

every evening-, and

OS

O// o

d^

>i

Hj^^^^i^O'^^-^-^M-^^'^^^

Another reading

and

and

meadow was

of the puddles in the

s;/

l^"*^

ij

refers to '^i^ in line 20.

^ li^^ &c., adj. sent, to

U^y

/o///

-J,

pure showers of every rain-cloud rained upon

^*

ia

/ //

and

to attract the people lest they shoiihl pollute

^/

/r)

The water

sing alone.

\^.

i
^^ ^'

/
'

/ /

cJ"-^^'^^^* that yon see the fly in

17;

lulj.

:!

sent, v^^*^^'

^-^j obj. of

V
=
I

J^^

lT-

'.he i)rc(l. after

expletive with
/

>>

'^

adj., ohj. of

to

<^-"

^:?

^/ =

" Eluininino-, wliilo he rubs one foreleg against the other, as

the striking on thejlini of

bent on the

oi/e,

flint,

and cut

oiT as

to his palm."

J^

^Jr^

adj., obj. of

-^^

&c., adj. sent, of

to v^^*^-*

J^^

'

v ^^'^^

to

'

- -/

Another reading

i^-^i

o/

T'^'
^

ij^^Jj*^^

the obj. case, being

Inf., in

Another reading d^^'-'^as the doing.

V^J

and

25 f^^ ^*il
*'

^^^-^

adj. s to

c'^'^

/Oj //o/

/n

/ / /

8 lj.* (ji^i

under.

'

-/

//

^^A J
I

n/

/n'

Oj

*-i^^^*-t (jiy ^-j-^O c5-~^

..

She passes her evenings and her mornings on the surface

my nights on the back of

of a well-stuffed couch, while I pass

a bridled black horse.''
/

6j^

JxflJI

( ^?;^

obj. of place

(^-il adj. to

u'j'

^j^ and

J^*^

under.,

the gen. case, i-Lr'^^0"i- on

o/

/_

j^ =the

/o/ '/

Another reading

^'^^'^

o/

'^j^^

n/

*J^I^^
C>^"*^l J^'JJ

>^4^

o/o

"And my

jj

couch

is

surface of her carpet.

= a scanty-haired and stout

//

account of

^^'^.

Another reading W-^ '^

26

in

/
.'.

a saddle

r^

<^>^-"

upon a

leg, big in his flanks, great of girth."

o/

//

(Jac

^b

liorsc,

horse.

50/

- /

^^^

(3-i-?;^^j

big-boned in the

176
=

adj.

phrase to lTj'

^K

nom.

case, being subj. to the adj. '^^

jn the

1^/0

''

n / J
/I
J'^'
a; /
/_^'^^ ujlj.^Jl (*j^s*J c-jutj

Would

abode, voho

under.;

a Sbadanian
is

she-camel,

so

also

/
>^J

and

= to girth; hence, place of girthing.

(^y^"^ noun, of place from (*y=^

27

/^^^^

J.

(^^^ d-^

/ 1

/ '

S:;.

.'.

iijjjixi

I'l'.

me

she-camel cause

~/

lo

o/

'^j

(^JvAUj

Ja

to arrive at her

cursed with an udder scanty of milk and cut off?"

whom

upon

this operation

has been performed,

is

swifter,

stronger and fatter than others.

'

"i

secondary obj

&j;jt>.i.

to

<*-4''

of Shadan, a place in

ii*i*J either,

Yaman,

or a famous stallion.

assertive adj. sent, to

(i.)

^i-.^'^-^

( ij.)

or an optative sent.

= may she be cursed, &cfJJ^'^ and (V"^'"

Another

part. adj. to

reading (*jj'^*-

" After travelling

tail,

and

is

/tin

~ J

all

^j'^

=cut

= udder,)

under.

off.
I

g/ ^f

J.

s/

;z

night, she is lashing her sides with her

and she breaks up the mounds

strutting proudly,

of earth she jpasses over with her foot with

its sole,

treading

hard/*
s

I '
^ /
ajlka. intensive agent from^'^^

apposition

J'^0

"i^h

'^iJ'^-*, in

to lash

under.

V-^

obj. of time,

Another reading
<-ft^

^j

^'->-'

^J^ ).

^^^ fast-running.

S adj. to d!^) under.

the sides with the!tail.

la

the preceding line; or pred. to ^s^, subj.

177
Another n'luliug -^
with the (lashing

Another

"^^-^J

=\vilh the

O^t^ ^^

readini^

lioof.

5''^?

/z

Or

hard iipon.

trcHils

f '^^ intensive adj. (from /'j \ to

Anotlier reading

^='

//

^*^'<'

from

(^-'

'

o^J

of

swift |i:kt

of.

.'^^

intensive agent from "-"i^ strutting.

29

-/

O/O/O

f*^-^^

t:;'!:*-^^^'

O/

'i///0

.'.

^-^S^'.

c?^:"

^i-^ (*l^^'

t^'

1 1

'-^I^J

*' As if I in the evening am breaking the mounds of earth by

means oj an ostrich, very small as to the distance between its
two feet, and earless."

He

compares the floetness of the camel

Another reading (>>'

or U^^''

&i.MS ohj.of time, (u^-^Jr^'

Viy

or

^^^

cr^{=

she breaks.)

(^'-^'^ adj. to p^*-" {ostrich)

and

an ostrich.

to that of

under.

"The young ostriches flock towards him, as the hei^ds of

'*
Yamanian camels flock to a barbarous, unintelligible speaker.
i^^

1)1.

of

u^^^^ young camels, here used

Another reading
Qj.

J,

1*aJ

Qj. l^J 1^

d>^ 1}

(^J^-

= the
(">'.

^3_)-a.

aJ

^-^J^J

J j-=^

*-"

= he resorts to the flock.

flocks of ostriches flock

ti'j'^

for ostriches.

around him.

t5^'5"'

The ostriches run around him as

are, &c.
'^

...

Ojr^

pi.

of

*0^

herd.

5/ '
'
^AaJUj for *!:> Uj with the
I

i;^^'

adj. to

J-J unde.

.,

tf-

lightened by a poetic license.

o^-^-^-^l.^

f"''

^l^'

'

Uj; ^nd iL.

if

they

178
zjf

S.

S//

o///

--I//

"They follow the crest of his

howdah on a large litter, tented for
^*^i

&c., adj. sent, to f ^*-^ 'u^-^

^^^*

adj.

to(>*J

^^.A. in the

nom.

32

z*)^ ^

"He

is

head, as though

was a

it

s /
iif ^jj

^j^

tJ'o-'^-'

'

/'^/'i/

/--

'

them.''

case, bein^ pred. after i>S

//

Another reading

'

^J'^"'

'

small headed,

=
'^

LS

who

silk

the subj. being

8.

brocade on a bier.

'^'*-"'^ '

^^'^A

^J'i'-**-'

'

ij-"*-;

"i^^i

d*"^

returns constantly to look after

he is like a slave, with a long fur

his eggs at Zil-'Ushairah;

cloak and without ears."

The wings

of

the ostriches with their long feathers are compared to a

long fur cloak.

lA*^, either
or

( ii- )

the gen. case, being in apposition

(i.) in

nom.

in the

case, being pred.

d*-^

<:>j*i &c., adj. sent, to

^^t-i obj. of
/

1*^'^

'ij'*i

to^*

J '^^ )

with Vi/*^

subj. under.

adj. to '^

/o-

r,

'">

/n

/n

/ /

nI J

i,

o//

" She drank of the water of Duhruzain and then turned

away, being disgusted, from the pools of stagnant tuaterj'*
Subj. to '^O'*' the implied pron. (/* referring to the she-camel.
/
J J
/ jO J
C>"'^_r^'*^

t^Q

places

known

* 'jJJ fern,
after

^"'^

^^

ofjjj

'j

as

u^J^

from^jj

to incline

&t., adj. scut, of

'^

and ^^-5

o/

o/

^"=^

to * Ijjj

in

the obj. case, being pred.

17!)
o

expletive; or ^e;-*.

*^*:! I'itlicr

ill

('d'^-'

'

also

= ticks; negroes;

or enemies.

"And

she swerves away with her right side from the fear of
whisthng in the evening, a big ugly-headed one/'

one,

The big ugly-headed one

is^^J^
it is

is

the whip with

its

^yi. ^/o

in getting

j_yxJl __)ii

up

^^*

elli))tical for

The

)=:strangc.

adj. to -J'^

never used

adj. phrase,

heavy handle, or

(^ *^

in V'^^^'^ to give trans, signification to

or =e;^

right side

is

eat.

a,

away from.

so called, because

or down.

o^

i^<^

n /
to J=^*

under.

orJJ'*

In the

former case

r_>* refers to the whistling, or cracking of the whip

/
/
/
i//

Another reading /^^^ j

*-l-ii'

in the air.

= after suspecting

<^*->.

evil

and

feeling

aiiGrrv.

/o

''From

//o

the

towards him
The whip

far

//o

j/

//

Izij

nf a cat, led at her side, every time she turned

he met her with both claws and mouth."

in anger,

ia

compared

to a cat,

the lashes

made by

it

resembling the

scratches of a cat.

j^

in

appos. with ^->*

S
or j.*

another reading in the previous

The

pron. in
o

*-*

/e

in the

nom.

line.

and the implied pron.,

subj. to ^^^-"

refers

to^*

''

iS*'^^ adj.

(^'^

case, being subj. to

in

the obj. case, being

^a^ to

"^^^-c
the implied subj. to

/->

UtftiJIapoaosi.stoUir.
/

Another reading

^* ^aj

'

=: he intercepts her. opposes her.

ISO
s /^

//

///

f/

/ r

/:://

down

o/

a;

"She

//

a ///

"

edge of the pool of Rada', am/

groaned as though she had kuelt on a reed^ broken^, and emitknelt

the

at

ting a cracking noise/'

The

noise

slie

made from

exliaustioJi resembled, I suppose, the craekiwg

of a reed.
/

Another reading ^

cA^

adj. to

"And

'^i'

V"^^

'

>J^^^^ji^

for U*^-'

(jjj and

'-^J

hack was as though

ihe sweat on the

thickened pitch, with which

fire is

were

it

oil

or

lighted round the sides of a

Tetort."

^Ij and ^-i^^

in

the obj. case being sub.

f^

'

after nj

',

the sent. LT-^

&c., being the pred,

/
_

V^ '^^

obj. of place

Another reading

Here V-J

w '^^ ^^^
'

u '?:^-" U*^

Smiths

'^e* in the obj. case, by Lr-=^

/Oj

V-J 'j^ C5*.

(*^**

light-

// jO

/j>.'/osj'

//

38*

<j^-J*'^

efl*.*

c:..j.*_ji>

<*J

"Her

phices of flexture were wetted with

it

poured of

it,

The pron

in

^i

(ii^

.'.

i:z

1 1 /

1ajU/o

ki^ij

and she

lavishly

on a spreading- forelock, short and well-bred."

'^

refers to the

'

sweat

'

in the previous line.

U/o (pi of j^fA/o) creasing or folding parts, sKch as ai-mpits, groin

and the

like.

*'
The sweat flows from behind the ears of an enraged,
quickly travelling, strutting she-camel, resembling a well-bred

nd valued male camel/'

Tlii* slte-camel

was as big and as strong

ai?

ni.Ie

isl

^^:!,
siihj.

anotlior t'onii of
imi)licil

till-

Another

V^*^*

^^a*J

^j^

^'>^^

readiii<;

^^^*

witli tlic

VJ

pron. releninj^ to

leailiog

adj. to

Another

^^^:I

or

ol'

t-^-?:-^

prolongc.l into 'J

which

to

it is

an

nilj

sent.

free in action, of noble bici'd.

under.
(3"^-"-'

'

'

i*'^^-*-'

stallion

tlie

by others.

bitten

Or

reserved for generating the race.

This line

an instance of

is

(ifi*'^^-' '.

" The length of the journey left her a strong, iccll-huilt hodt/f
a h'ujh pulace, strongly built with cement, and rising"
high and feet like the supports of a firmly pitched tent."
like

'

..

>

'^

|j./e_^aA3 .ijj

^^'^ &c., adj. clau.se to

Another reading

'

<

!.

to \j^'i nnder.

f*-^

/-'

so also

y^

* '?

'

i^-^

/e^/.s)

under.

the

meaning

when

ivoiikl

"like the

be,

supports, placed by one pitching a big tent."

o

41*

jj->/

r,

" And

S / / j/ ^ /
J*'^J r ''*-'" J

L5-'=>>c^-^^J^J>>-i4'''o^-i:^Uf^'

surely I recollected you, even

j~l/ /

o///

'-^b'^-i S'^^

when the lances were

drinking my blood, and the bright sicords of Indian make were

drivpiug with my blood."

of emphasis

^U__^Jl
suhj.

<3-5^^ )

&c., adv. sent,

of

^^

introduced by

lI^Ij-" ])red. o_^>A-*-*_r^-c used here as

L>-^J subj.

{^^ ) J^'^
) to the pred.
would mean, " were drinking

(t'>J^'<'

^'i.ja (J.4 \y}

also

J ^'

cj^^x^ by

) 'j

^''V"'

a poetic license.

the blood

of

my enemy

when darted by me."

Another reading
~/

/ jn

42* /*^*i\

j*'^-'

^j"=^J drips with the blood of tha enemy.

n/

//

///

^ji^i {}jly^ <^*-J

/::
.'.

liiJ i'

ji

i/

o_^J:-j lcJAAfl3

.o

//

oo J^

*!l wished to kiss the swords, for verily they shone as bright
as the Hash of the foretooth of your ;milino- vwdh,'

1X2

ej

introtluces a

'* subj

noun

sent, in gen. case

and '^^-^ pred. after

"If you lower your

use

ivill it

c;

by the prep.

veil over yourself in front of

he? for, verily, I

am

expert in capturing

me, of what
the mailed

liorse-man/*

j_^j<i>ij

2nd

fem.,

f^J--''

Another reading

J)

often

= Variegation.

introduced by -*

tying up his beard.

in the obj. case, being sub.

Lines 39 to 41 are
^ytiAJ

pers., sing., jussive by -t^*" after uji

iS

&c., a sent, apodosis to

^^

(^^^

('

'^^^) and

quoted

as

^^ pred.

(j^)

after

ul

best illustrations of the figure

valour are

Descriptions of love and

here very

nicely blended together.

o//

/o

me

"^Praise

when

verily,

for

qualities,

!!/i-e

am

~/

///j so/

which you know, I

not ill-treated,

am

-//

/ /

0/

jiossess, for,

gentle to associate

with."
.,/

iS^^

'

Imp.,

feu)., sing.
/

^-*

pron

rel.

t^-^Jl

clause being

a sent, apodosis to

C5-^i-'f^*

p*^

its rel.

of

^^

an

common

/O/O

"And

if [
is

phrase, pred. after

adj.

obj.

yjl

under.

introduced by <^

*A^ '^* subj. to the adj.

gend^i"'

Another rending

very bitter

'-i ',

'^^^

am

<-^'-'

O//

jj./

// Sj>

ill-treated, then, verily,

the taste of

it,

as

tlic

Oj -

my

tyranny

J.O

is

severe,

taste of tlio colocyntli."

! - *

'',..

A
A>

''

,:>.'_^A3

(Xa:

i,i j-i,^.

And,

pntl. alter

jidj. |j|ab(.', 2iiil

\t>\.

noin. case, being subj. to tlie adj.^-*.

have drunk Avine after the midday heats have

verily, I

subsided, buying

it

with the bright stamped coin."

The Arabs, before Mohammad, considered drinking with one's friends

show a generous disposition. The poet; therefore is now boasting of

to
his

generosity.
(^'^

here partitive (o=-?:*'*^^).

/o/

^^

obj. of time

//

iD

^-^^

'

o^-t), and

o ^'^^ to the following sent.

^j

/O

^^\j^\A^jU =.^^\^^i*

c>j^j; here

''^

is

'^'^'<=

-^j

which the

with

following verb has the force of an infinitive.

j/

o>-*^'

adj., either to

(i;

J ^'^-"

(gold

coin)

or \n)

>''

{r/oblel),

'

under.
/-

s:/^

47

(J.A/0
J*

"From

U-i.*

tj

-'O/o/j
OJy

^<k j

tj

///o///j

::/
.'.

Sj^\

oli

l^a^

a glass, yellow with the lines of the glass-cutter on

which was accompanied by a white stoppered

left hand side."

*b^
rather

a diptote, o^i-*'^J^

^^y
I

is

8.5j'>*'0 -i'
t

called ''^^^j

bottle

it,

on the

to '"^'^j;

adj.

or '-^

'^./^

of

elliptical

'^ ^r^J^r*^-

^^ j

for

to^*^, which by metonymy

for

i'^(i^j.J

',

in

which case ^^^ lo i would mean, " emitting rays."

I

&c., adj. sent, to

a diptote,

*^

^j

^j'^^j^-^

for

'^^ and cJaA^

,jj j

adj.

to

i}iy.

'

{=Jlacjon), under.

Another reading J^*^-^' t^^

/o

Another reading
bearer.

u;-i*-i-'

'-^

on the right

or in the right

baud of the cup

184

"
of

And when I have drunk, verily, I am the squanderer

my property, and my honour is great, and is not

sullied."

That

is,

(Irimkenness makes

him generous and

not ill-tempered.

Another reading ^-^^^^ i31j= when I am drunk.

'

^k'i

apodosis to

'

'

is'^J^ 3 an adv. sent,

^ixj -J

adj. sent, to

is-^j^

'-i-'

b}' ->

LzY.

introduced

obj. to the partic. -^WJ--'*'

4.5-' ^-^

&(..^ sent,

*'"=^

is

introduced by

J ^' j j
'

'

not wounded.

"And when

I have become sober, I do not diminish in

and as you know, so are my qualities and

generosity,

my
my

liberality."

j.^\^i apodosis to
'''

'

'i

'

introduced by

a rel. pron. in the gen. case

of "-^^^

by

"-^

the

J ^"^

'j 'j

being

rel. clause, i^*-'^)

obj,

under.

o^U-c l*^ pred. sent.

/n/n

the subj. being

/

.>^

L5''-'

ji/

^'^ and is'^j^^

=::/-' ^

"^/z

" And many a husband of a beautiful woman,

have

left

prostrate on the ground, his shoulders hissing- like the side of

the

mouth

That

*-^-i:^

of one with a split lip."

the blood was spurting and hissing from a

is,

Another reading
*i-''*

also

dispensing with
or married

i-ii-l-^j

= proud

wound

in his shoulder.

j (=v;)'

in the gen. case, by the prep,

= some friend.

of her beauty; or chaste, keeping to her husband; or

artificial

decorations

or content with her father's house

or not seeking, but sought by others.

independence and contcutedness.

The

ruling idea iu

all is

1S5
*-*0^ Ac, upodosis

^^^^

partio

^^^

to

_j

* its

scpoiidiiry ol))

Ike, adj. sent

'^

of

()1)|.

to

to

o//

"^O^

*^^

///

expressinji:

J^

^ItfJ) IjjA-ii'pn.p. phriise, udj. to

/o/O

uiidor.

hissinf/),

cogn. obj. under.

/n/

j'

// n ///

My

two hands preceded him with a hasty blow, strikiwj

me and with the drops of blood
from a penetrating stroke, red like the colour of Brazil wood."
''

him

before he could strike

<-^^;

adj.

o^'^a: to

tiie

Another reading ^-^^ Cj ^J

him with

cr ^^J

*-^*-t

noun

"^

the noun

it

'-^'^=

^s^'^.

qualifies.

ray hands

hastened to

a fle.\ible spear for piercing.

in the gen. case,

^^'l-* adj. to

being co-ord. to J'^^*.

*-?^ = stroke), under.

{

*' Why did you not ask the horsemen, Oh daughter of Malik
you were ignorant, concerning what you did not know about
!

if

Ditj

conditioUi"

The daughter

of Malik

is

of course 'Ablah.

-/

^* compound

of

*-*-^

and ^

**?' in

the obj. case, being comp.

o

oj UKa &p^

in

'^

^^'^

= Lr*

and

apodosis to

jussive, ieiu

obj., under.

24

ol

connects ^^ with

in the obj. case,

(^1*5 ^J
'^'^^

s^jQt

voc

^_^.>i.^').
('-* ''^'*

*^-'^

being pred alter

gender.,

2ud

^^

pers., sing

nam

ref sent, to

'

186

53

^iS^As i

" ^^ a time

^^

^J

be

l^ J Jx

J Ij

5)

in the saddle o a

whom

against

horse,

.'

long

the warriors

in succession/^

^vith

Ij

il

^^

^^

it

'

0^-'=)

being in construction of

noun

introduces as a

my

{about

i^-^,

clause, obj. of

condition), under, prep,

in the preceding line.

'--*' ^**

to

pbi'ase

(iD^'*l>-'

the following sent., which

or as an adj. clause to

'--

I never ceased to

an indeclinable noun of time

&i^^

when

ijj U3 ^i

wounded, sturdy

striding,

came

UxJ

^*-^

(a

complete verb), not a t>='

^*-'

^^

(incomplete

verb).

0/

fi

^'^

adj. to

uv*

under.

so also ^t^

Another reading jj'*J aorist

jf///
Another reading ^'^*5 or
sUxJ
be

pi. of <_f*^

i*'^^

or jj^*^

>''.''..
8*^^ ^*-'

warrior,

z *

sent. S^*^-*'

and the

syncopated

aorisfc,

= stuck to him

*JJ

'*^

of jj^**->.

fast.

whose prowess does not appear

till

fights.

^^^'Or^vvounded; Past part., adj. to ?

^'^.

" At one time he is detached to charge f/(C enemij Avith tho

and at another he joins the large host with iUdr bows

lance,

tightly strung."
^j"^bj-'^ obj. of time to
Sj'j obj. of time to

*>^j. adj.

/n /n

"

"

j_^-.flJ

^J ^.

He who

/r,

phrase to ^J'^J^i

//

//o

/o/

-//

was present in the battle

will

verily I rush into battle, but I abstain at the

the booty.'^

//o/

/0//00J

iufurm ywu, that

time

of

taking

LS7
I covet

I.e.,

^^i"

no honfy,

l)iit

jussive,

^ivc mj- sliaic to ntlicrs

T L^oncroiisly

heint,' apoiU.sis

to

^^^-^'^

interrogative sent.

tlie

in

line:)-2.
''

''

(^"^

t^^>
cXX*

a
'

rel.

pron.

rel.

noun of time,

in tin- obj.

^^^'l

see spoils, wliicli,

it'

J.

waut

fulness and uiy magnauimity hold

/

H'*'*,

beinj^- '^t'*'

introduced by

kc.

case

^J'^-^-h'

^\^^

(^^)

elanse

J^-

a iu>im sent, soeoiidary obj. tu

56* ^^>^^ ^

"I

toj^^-, the

snl)j.

*t^iy

^-^

Ua2

would win; but

i)i\j

^^i^=^

^^IJ
busli-

me back from them."

//

P^-

*">f

**-^-^, a diptote, '-ij^^^'^j^,^, in the obj. case

by i^)

'.

l^j^A
s.

Li

Jj.'

*U!y

complex

adj. seat, to
C^^*-'^

protosis, ^^'*, and

O/O
// = //

"And many

^<^^:!^-=^,

apodo.sis or

jl

a fully armed one,

whom

*'>^
J /J-I

II

Zi

the warriors shunned

fighting with, neither a liasteuer in flight, nor a surrenderor;"

^^'^1

adj. to

also t:^**^

and

cr^^' under.,

in

the gen, case, by the prep, j

t'J

^^^^

tj

&c., adj. sent to -^'^'^

^^'^ obj. to t;**^.

''

My

hands were generous

to

him by a quick point with a

straightened spear, strong in the joints;"

&J ^^J^^A.

^Q^

sent, apodosis to

'-^'^ part. adj. to

^^j
/

Another reading '^'s

him with

*-L;'*

a severe blow.

= Vj) in the preceding

line.

(*^^

= hastened.
jl

10/

Another reading

under.; so also VJ*^-' 'J'*'^ and

icj )'*'.

^^

//

i^^'^i

O ///

'^^^

=^ xny hands

anticipated

188

"

a wound, wide

Tnfiictiiig

of the flow of hloodfrom

of

its

two

sound

sides, the

loads at night the prowling wolves,

it

burning with hunger."

ej-h-'v*-'
(ji"

iJ*^-^

sent, to

*-^*-'=

partic. adj. to V-^ii under., obj. of (^'^t-

(_r-^-*-'

^"i^'^J adj. phrase to ***'= under.

'

&c., adj.

*t-

u^'^*^ Li/,

'

Another reading

"I rent

rr

prowling one from the wolves.

j*^'^-'

'

=^ devouring.

with a rigid spear, for the noble one

his vesture

is

not forbidden to the spears.^*

His being noble did not save him from being killed^
*-^'*

Another reading

The

last

=his

skin.

used with the pred. after

e.\pletively

hemistich

is

a good example of

cr-i-'

pi.

of

'j_>'='

'^i:! adj. sent, of

/o

second, obj. of

^^ to

"And many

^*

'^^y
'

a long, closely

General Maxim).

beasts, ivho seizie bina,

wrist.'^

so also (^"iflj &c.

'

/O/O-

/O

&

(a

<-^-^'^,

"Then I left him a prey for the wild

and gnaw the beauty of his fingers and
JJ^

JJ jO//

woven coat of

open the links of it, with a sword,

rights, and renowned /o?* bravery.''

off

..

mail, I have

///

split

one defending his

~ //
-^-*"* a

noun

of place

are small and close

i-Jj^'

or which

is

'

^*

'

narrow

a coat

of mail, the links of

in the rings.

which

In the gen. case, by

181)

Annthor

Another

lJ^x

rcadinc;

strcnjitlioiiod in

rrz

reailiiijr ->-* ( 1

= coat

Here as AiJ* means the same,

(where a word

JxjU

-^i'<

is

in the

maybe

it is

rinj^s

&c., sent., apodosis to

^^ij*
C:^*

oflF;

t^AiU.
...

its

of ^-~aJj

in>^taiu-e

its

t5'*-'

'

'

^^^'^\
,

own synoinm).
-^i/Cj=:

?<>.i>>.A.

Or,

Many a

of a coat of mail are fastened.

= VJ

exposing.

to (-^e>j under.

Oj

aaia-s

('*'*

=that which

^ marked with

63

z./

'*

an

middle parts.

e.t'.,

.ij.

is

full size.

wherewith the

rivets

mail

of mail with rinirs fastenod tou;ether.

comhination of **^'^' with

"^^^

cont of

wliicli

taken as elliptical for *iJ^-

coat of mail of iron, of

(2)

willi

tlioiii?

pint'^.

it.s

C^^ J^^

Whose hands

one's duty to defend.

it is

a biidf:;e

or j)ointed at a& very hravc.

//

-/

^^:!'-^

"-^^^^

/O^//

///
^^

..

131

^UJiJb

jlJ-j

with gambling arrows

are ready

ijj

when

it is

winter, a tearer-down of the signs of the wine-sellers, and one

reproached for his extravagance.*'

The richer Arabs gamble as to who shall
city to distribute the flesh

kill his

camel

The

amongst the poor.

in the time of scar-

wine-sellers

takedown

when they have run out of liquor; the meaning of tearing flown
being that he drinks up all their wine. Vide line 44and lines 58 and

their signs

the signs

69 of

Poem

IV.
^

^
^^'^^

I^J

Ij

and

8 '**i

Ul

^^

\^_:^jj an adj. phrase to

fj^'o

A^>^^

'

i/^

'

\viien

pi.

of

it is

^^'

-//

"When

in line 62.

So also

In the nora. case, being snbj- to the adj.

O/

winter, or food

is

scarce

^-?^

or in the time of famine.

= a wine-seller.
J/

he saw that

o/

j^O

had descended //'om

jr)//r)/

?>i//

liorse

^/X/
and was

190
hUHng

intending

him,

showed

lio

his

teeth,

hut

without

smiling."
That

he snarled as

is,

oJ_)J;i,ii sent,

Ji'^O' "']

it

were; or his

second obj. to 45

'j

of J'-^ to the 1st

s'it.

quivered from fear.

lips

used as

^-a-

to tlie 1st pers. pron. (^

pron., implied subject of

jxirs.

'^iy

ij'^i

The
Hariin

&e., apodosis to '-'

allusion

who

is

killing

Vide

line 93.

insulted him.

/?'

^W

65

^'Ji*-'lj

to the poet's

an instance of the figure

<*-**^jj

Zamzam,

<^lj'i"^-

ii-Awii.

t^tJA-'f

1'

of Hasain

father

Enienda tion.

or

and

UJI^ jl^ij |j.xAj ^<>^i*

,.

"My meeting with hira was when the day spread out, and
he was as if his lingers and his head were dyed with indigo."'
The dried blood was of an indigo colour.
<_5'^** In the

nom.

ease, being subj.

'>'>>*'

~/
^*

Infin. in the obj. case, being obj. of time

Another reading
fc-A^A. Uj(^

'^^ advancing,

^^^

gg|.

my

my

67
"

ijij

/o/
u-^-'

A warrior,

so also

intensive adj. from

f->/

to 3 in

steel,

o_

("^^
//

^^'-'
'

'*?

<^i<^^

upou him

(*i'>*-*J-').

'

S?'

'^"^

c5

/'^/

^j

^^"

^^"^

'

^^-f^ ^'

so stately in size as if his clothes

tree; soft leather shoes are

set

to cut.
/

^*^

pred- j^'*'

^J^)y

and then I
awl keen,"

signification to ^'^Jt^

^H'" adj. to '-^i- under.

C^^^

J ^^

spear,

Indian sword pure of

V gives a transitive

'

rising high.

e.\pressing

" I pierced him with

with

(J^'*v-'

worn

hij

him and he

is

/ /

'' ^-

a:

/ /

^^

5/ /
"^^^

were on a high
not twinned."

101

^^^

thr

III

'

"J

rase,

iioiii.

casi-, beiiij,' adj. to

hiMiij;^

pred. to the

^'^t^^ 1,^^:1^. ;
"

>

^> subj. after

'

'

..

aul)j.

J^

uiKlur

or in the gen.

1;,^. q^)^
.

^y and ''^.r"*/* pred.

J Ui

sccondnrv

ft

JUJ

oI)j.

/J

0.0

is

rich,

clad in shoes of, Ac.

description of soft leather, shoes

can afford to wear.

That is he is tnll,
developed in body ;

The

to the i)aflsive verh, Jj '^^^

^'^sii ut. = v<\w

made

and born alone without a twin, and so perfectly

no one resembles him

or, that

in hiavery, strength, etc.

Metonymy.

three adj. sent, s nfford good exam])les of ''i^^)

jO/ 0/ //o// -//

"Oh,

whom

j/ Ox/

/J/

"

'

she lawful

//////

0/
c

/low toonderful is the hcautij of tlie

is

men

of uhicli nnl}' rich

To me she

doe of the hunt, to

unlawful

is

would

GoJ

to

that she was not unlawful."

Here he again reverts to address his sweetheart.
The Arabs may not marry with a woman of a tribe with whom they are
Vide lines 9 and 10. Or because she, being a wife of his father's,
at war.
cannot marry with him; or because she was a refugee with him.
j'-*" in

the obj. case, being

-> ^-^^'

>i^J>-*

i
It

conveys a force of admiration (v-^

/ /

^^ expletive.

U^^

in the gen. ease,

being ^i^

O^

interrogative

lS^

i.i./o^A., adj. sent, to ''"

noun

'

->

^'^-^ to ^''*'

^''-i^^^-^VI |*-

in the obj. case,

jn the gen.

case

by J.

/
^'^

being subj. after

'^i-'

the j)red. being

^j^

^'

->/ / /

''

So, T sent

ni}'

female slave, and said to her,

news of her and inform me.' "

j_^.vJ:

Imj).^ fem., sing.

so also the other verbs.

go,

find out

192

70

/ 1^/

/^

iS*'^ji

^*

She

'*

said,

<^/

(^

obj. of

^^'j

jO/0//

4_5->jLc ill i^-o si-j 1^ j:^JL5

j^

cr* a relative pron.,

^^'^ being the sent.

its

Another reading is*^j^J^

/n/ J

"

Sj

,',

is

tj5iti:| pi. of s.\Afi I, pi. of

h^

//O/

\j

saw carelessness on the part of the enemies,

possible to him who is shooting.'"

and that the doe

5/ nj J z
&iS^^ is'l^J

And

it

/o

i^*^ji^^

was as though

//

0///0/-///

me with the neck

looked towards

t^he

of a doe, a fawn of the gazelles, pure and with a white upper

lip."

^^J

Another reading

" I

being in apposition with

in the gen. case,

c5*'fj"'

am informed

while ingratitude

73
*<

^ft-*

And,

veril}',

when
mouth,"

battle,

i.e.,

when

the

= from the gazelle, born

in spring.

unthankful for

is

my

kindness

insulteJ the poet.

^i-**

third obj. to the passive verb '^a*-'.

hemistich, an instance of ^^'

U-^ J ly* cJ

'^^

a cause of evil to the soul of the giver."

who

^jj*^ secondary, and

The second

c?-*

that 'Araru

is

'Ainru, the 'Absian,

'

*i'

^^^^

'

O^^^^ i

a general Masini.

C5*>-'

'

L5* sf*-^ ^

remember the advice

of

^->

my

cuJiftc. J.ijj

uncle, in the

the two lips quiver from off the white teeth of the

lips qniver

with fear; or

when the

the teeth, and the warriors grin very sternly.

lips

contract showing

193
f

craplmsis

for

AiiotluT

"In

ij^'^

reailin<r

tlio

'^i^'3 ).

^^.

in the

forenoon.

thick of the battle, of wliich the warriors do not

cotnphiiu of the rigours, except with an uuiutelligiblo noise/^

The only sound they uttered was

J

^'<^y=^

cs' connects

with

u^J^3,

or

in line 73.

/O/

O/

?^<**

Another reading V-^^

^*

a war-cry.

./

"^^^^ ,
,

in the obj. case, being ^r^-ii ><, obj. of exception.

///

/0.

"When

they,

(i.6'.,

/O/

1/

/O

/0//s;

J-/0

mij people,) defended themselves with

me

against the spears 0/ the enemy, I did not refrain from them
(ie., the spears,) through cowardice, but the place of my

advance had become too

It

strait."

was not fear which retarded him, but the pressure of the enemy iu the

line of advance.

--

*J^ j)

-S'
^^^ in the obj. case, by CU^*^ .
,.

pi.

of

ii)

'

o'/
^^'('

^/

apodosis to il

(='')

aor. jussive

from

f^?

z*-*^ to fear,

to be cowardly.

the subj. after a^^

CS- in L5^^-',

the pred. being the sent-cs'^'^^iid^^

^aft^ noun of place from conj. IV. from

when

Also a verbal noun,

/o/o
/^ ^

76
"

'

When

jt

L5'*'^'*(i^

//

J ^*^ L5*
'

**-0

o /o
t/^-

j*'^*

'->

l^-'=my advancing proved

// 0/ /j

* '^^

heard the cry of Murrah

"^^

rise,

^-^

too hard,

J o / i/
o*4k> Ui

and saw the two

sons of Rabi'ah in the thick dust."

h"^ with
25

-^^^^

without Liri^, being '-J^'^i^^^ for ^^i^^^ and

*V^

194
^*

^ adj.
I

77*

J'^

sent, of

jT *T^J

Ass'o

'^j

to *

-^*'**

by

in the obj. case

iS^ dual

o.s^ cj^J

Ij

'''y

.-.

'^^'

cj^*-j ^J'^'

|*t-j

were struggling under their

banners, and death was under the banners of the tribe of
Muhallam."
"While tlie tribe of Muliallam

''

^^^x^J ^l.s* J
l*^^'"

and pred.

^(..,

an adv. sent, of

ii)^*-'^.

Another reading

introduced by

''^^

subj. being

',

in the gen. case, being co-ordinate to ^^'^ in line

f*^^'*'

76.

o^J tj
This line
last

&c., an adv. sent, of

is

word of the
S

J '-^^

'^j*^

'

subj.

an example of the figure j*^'^-"^^^-^

.o

line is the
n

same as the

'

>>

&c., pred.

where

the

first-

so/

and '^^

>?*

j//

o/ ^0/0/

" I made sure that at the time of their encounter there would

be a blow, which would make the heads jly from the

bird flies from ofi her young ones sitting close."
J

'^^i' apodosis to
CJ

^i^. &c.,

in the previous line.

time

(a

^^Jr*

'

'

^j^)'

adj. sent, to V-^^^

J /n/ J n/ / / J/ ///
/ i>c^^-c ^jj^ i^jj^^'^h
s;

79

'*'^

introducing a sent., obj. of '-'^

obj. of

''When

bodies, as the

saw

the

.'

(f*-*'^

'^^

people, while

excite one another to fight,

turned

their

j ns/ ^

/o/ /o/n

rijjr, ,

'

(*->*^

'

'^-

'-5

^*"^

mass advanced,

against them

without

being reproached /or any ivant of bravery."

^^.**a.

jAit

adj. sent, of J^-a. to

phrase '^'j being under.

(*^^

'

the

introducing coujuoctioual

10!
^yjjj,/claij adv. sent, of

^j^^

iipodosis to '^

J^^.

the obj. case, being kJ'^ to the 1st per. pron., imphedsul)]. of

j":.^ iu

/O/O

//

'1

rt

/J

/ z./

//O/

Oj^

Oj o/

''They wcro calling 'Antarali, while the spears were as

though they were well-ropes iu the breast of Adham.''
Subj. to c)^'^'^- people under.

y^^
"They

^j^^ by

shortened form of

(=V* L?

'^

'O

cull,

a poetic license

In the

apocopated vocative.

g^ijj

or ^*^-*=

may

be taken as

case,^^ i^^^M means,

'Antarah',"

introductory to the following sent, of

^Up

latter

[j^

Cyi^K)^ the pred.

(I

(''i-' '-^^

'=
,

''^''^).

being the following sent.

//

^* subj. after tu

^lii^

and

LLii. (pi. of

cj

/I

O J

81*

^ ts-o j^i

//O

jr,/

(ij'^-*'

^i

l:^)

the pred.

/-/

J J i

///O/

^^ O^Wj^^-^

.-.

J O/

C^.^^'^J

" They call 'Antarah, \Yhile the swords were as though they

were the
The

flash of lightnings in

a dark cloud."

construction of sentences in this and the following lines

the same as in the preceding

=

////

-/

is

precisely

line.

//?

--^

/=// -/~

///^/

jO/

" They were caliiug 'Antarah, while the arrows werejli/ing,

as though they were a flight of locusts, hovering above water-

ing places.''
^j

l^/c

CJ^

^Jj^.aj.^ji;

jg

pi.

//
83* 1*^
.

being extreme plural.

of/*J^

.>

adj. to

/
^:!

*i (^

'i'^t

-'

^ ^^^^

z.

/r//j J

' /

0^=^

'

'-^

C-'-^'^''

/
'-^

//o/

-''^

o/

*^-^^ '^

^ ^

''They were calling 'O 'Antarah,' while the coats of mail

alione xinili close rings, shining as

oi

fi'ogs jloating in

though they were the eye-balls

wavy poud."

196
(>^">i

"I

adj. toji<^^

did not cease charging tliem,

nent part of his,

enemy,) with the promi-

{flie

and

(horse's,) throat

he became

breast, until

covered with a shirt of blood/'

/

^^i'^j

sent. pred. after *^^j

Another reading,

jn'i'
"

with the shining front of his face.

"

fff

^'

''^f

-J,

*4^j /*J=

^.-

'

0/0

' /'^

s/o/
^

" Then he turned on account of the falling of the spears on

his breast, and complained to me with tears and whinnyings.""
^/j

//o

in/

///

/j,o

//o j>i/

0/

o/

'' If he had known what conversation

was, he would have
complained with words, and verily he would have, had he
known speech, talked with me.'^

^' conjunction of condition

*=^*-'

o^=>.

^_j

2jj'^
^"^

1^^ a sent. obj. of

interrogative

^>[^

o (^

a sent. pred. after

'^i

^^^^"^

^^J

'^^

'

f*^

'

subj.

jj

^^'*-^
f

pred

{yi^

apodosis to^-'

For emphasis {J^^ ^

^iS/o i,^ the obj. case,

CS"

used with the apodosis to^-'

(

.^-^

1st pers. pron., in the gen. ease, being

n/ //o/

87

being pred.

/ i^^

"And

'^*J^ "-^ J j_fj

J

'^ft-*

'

i-i-J:-

lo^-^-^^

/ /r,

J / /n //

W*^--*

its

and

attack

sickness/'

the

enemy,

'

V* ^
*

*'i-'

verily the speech of the horsemen,

rah, advance,

removed

//Oj,

/o/

after tyl^

'

woe

cured

n/

/ /r, /

//

J t5"~* ^ ^' '^^' J

to you,

my

'

Anta-

sonl

and

107
the nom. cnsc, boinp; suhj. of

<-li* in

nj

Another
<_f J

readinj^

14^- %j\

interjection, used

l_j

nom.

in the

V* J

niul

'

on suildenly
by

2nil i)er. pron., in the obj. ease,

y^^

^^^

I /

aware of one's

l)econiinfj

C5"j

*-5

:'*'.

{^^J'^ dy^^ ^_^^'^o

case, bein}^

error.

apoco])atc(l

sinj^le

vocative.

/0///0//

"While

0/0

//o/

/////T^/_.py^o/o/

the liorses steruly frowning were cliargiug over the

partly the long-bodied inares, aud partly th.e

soft soil, being

loug-bodied, well-bred horses.''

The horses

of the

tJi^-' '^ &c.,

l-.j|_yi:

with

obj. of

J^^

*^-^

and well-bred.

big

introduced by j

o^'Ai./o^j.i
J

(^'<'j-^'jJ'^^Ijl5^-'

"My
while

^J^

being

J^

'j 'j)

ij-i^^-^
^

but here used

',

by a poetic license.

c^i^-*-*

89

enemy were

^V ^

^*J l'^ ^^^-^ *^J:^

is

my

aud

helpei-,

l^j

JJ i

Diey go wherever I wish

riding camels are tractable,

ray intellect

L5-J

I drive it

forward with a

firm order.''

That

is,

I carry out

<^

pi.

of

my

plans with sagacity and determination.

**

jy i

pred. to the subj.

V I^J

a collective noun for camels.

*^t=^

noun of

^-^

'

with the

place, indeclinable with

i)ast sent.

0/

Another reading

/o/o//

90*

tir*'^*^

" Verily,
so,

cr:f

l5"*-^
I

^j

**^,

being in combination of

'^^^

"

n/

my
o

heart.
/

JU 0^0 ^^'*

n/

/o/

'^^^

'

L5*'*^

j/
I

'-f;->3

'->

CJ

/I

/
'

LT^

'

'^^

C5U

you
it lay beyond my
know what you have kuowu^ aud some of what you have

not kuowu.''

power that

should

visit

198;
1st pers. pron., in the obj. case, being

iS
{j^"^

being the sent. t/J "^

t?-'

'^^ i.e.

w'j

was impossible for me.

introductory to the noun sent. '^Jjj^, subj. to

('"O'^'^'')}

the sent, being equivalent to the

The address

is

2S

C>=*^ obj. of

phrase

infin.

'-^'

c^-'j i j

'

^^

its

being '^*>-^'>i

is*^

ojo/ o

V^"^

o '^^

'

to O^*-?

U'^a

"^JJJ

'

cy

pron., obj. of

L?*" pi.

C^^i^ U^-*->

set aside those

of *^^

(J'^^

^j-

'

^jj

from

'e^

C5-^:f'^i

^*'

',

^=^ (^^"^ an

C5-^^'

/ /

^'^

^^'Sj

(jfJ-J

who did not

per-

ij'^^

being the sent, j*^?"

'

('

Je;^-^! (^-iijijl t5-^^

.'.

J'^''

Lf^'^Ot-*-'

adj. sent, to jir^

'

^^^^

'

^^'j

attack-^ icliile his

to

shun me,

ye

"^
-~
subj. to ^flJt..

dual, in the obj. case, being o^wi/c

/ 1 /

''And
yet

unders.
I

its *''

" And, verily, I turned the horse for tlte

neck was bleeding, until the horses began
two sons of Hizyam."

J^^

"^

Bagheez intercepted you and

of

war

its obj.

it.

rel.

92*

tribe

oj/ J

o ///

'->^

(j?^

'

of the

obj. of place,

'i

lances of the

the perpetrators

t^j

o /o

j*^s=V'' <^*

petrate

and the connective

'

C5* *' jussive, 2nd pers., fern, gen., sing, number

"The

under.

^^ relative, in the gen. case, being ^i^

91*

to his sweetheart.

'*a rel. pron., obj. of is*^^

pron. {^J^'^)

OJ

lyl, the pred.

after

subj.

'

O/O

//J/

O/T

^liUx compound

0^/0///

r,

vocative.
/

o ///

verily I feared that I should die, while there has not

been a turn

for

war against the two sous of Zamzam;"

199
I feared thnt

slionld die,

'Antarah killed

war

known

wi'll

father (^'^-^

tlieir

as that of

'^i

two sons of Zanizain.

of

in tlie battle

'j cT-^*-

'^"^*-

^Hy^

duriiij;

tlie

hi^tween the tribes of 'Abs

and

the hitter were defeated with

wherein

Faziirah,

I liad foiiglit tlic

l)('lnrL'

jrieat

loss.

Harim and
/

Iliisain,

the two sons of Zanizani, were killed shortly afterwards by

O*-^ '^

from

J*i

a complete

And

Another reading

verb,

" '^*^\ and not an

(*

takes only the subj. ijJ

nj/ n/
so

it

j"^^

/^/o

>>jj

'

o^-*-^ is^^.

u^Jf*-' here
(J
( tjfij'

u>-?

incomplete verb

= has not yet turned or befallen.

(^j

//

o/

/j''^n/ n//

o/ -/

" The two revilers of iny lionour, while I did not revile tliem,
and the thrcateners of my blood, when I did not see them.'''
That

is,

U^fiJ

\.:L.}

quently

()!)).

t-i^i

iS'*-"^

dared not threaten bira

tliey

^J 1^1

'

j.^.j

;,,!

ill

i^.jjS

UJ

loses its

adj.

'':*

obj.of
/O/

T/iere

agreeing with

on account of

(*

'

of
'.

Anotlier readinj^ U^ijjaJ lo

''

s.

poetic license, the

to the preceding quiescent

t5

present.

^'^^ is>^->

',

and are conse-

dual.

By an unusual

'>

when he was

niy absence.

is

('

""^

'

'

sign of the aorist parts with

it.s

*-^

= when I meet them.

tiJiji^-^-''

O/

_j

/-

jO// o/// //o/ o

/j //

///

wo ivonder should they do so, for I

left their

father

a prey for the wild beasts and every large old vulture."
o

^*^i dual, stripped of

eJ,

being jussive by tyl

in '^'' introductory to the following sent., which

jjr^

adj. in the obj. case,

is

apodosis to

being secondary obj. to *^^j^

O *

200

a.ju^LJUJ^-^Aj|
THE SEVENTH POEM.
Ascribed to Haritli bin Hillizalij of the tribe of Yashkur
and Bakr; one of the poets of the days of Paganism, who
lived about the year 560 A. D. He was one of the Arabs,
blessed with longevity, and

is

said to have lived nearly 150

years and to have composed the present

100 years of age.

position of the

Amru

The circumstances

poem

poem wlien above

com-

that led to the

are thus described.

bin Kind, a powerful tyrant of the time, took 100

men as hostages from each of the rival tribes

of

Bakr and Taghlib

as surety on their part for the due fulfilment of the terms of

peace that he had just brought about between them.

These
During
one of the travels all the Taghlibian hostages perished, and
their tribe of Taghlib demanded the blood mulct from the tribe
hostages had always to keep with 'Amru in his travels.

of Bakr.

This led to a long discussion in the very presence of

'Amru bin Kulthoom, the author of the 5th poem, and Bakr under their
the king between Taghlib, led by their chief

leader Harith,

composed and

who was

so excited with

recited the present

poem

indignation that he

extempore, leaning on his

bow. It is also said that Harith, being white with leprosy,

was not admitted to the presence of the king, but recited his
poem from behind a curtain. The eloquence of the poem,
however,

fully

curtain was

commanding the admiration

removed

in a short time

to the presence of the king

The metre
i-ftAAi

of the

poem

and was asked

is

the

\^JX) (^.'^i)l (j.ij^*J l^^/o ),

^jiiUii

^J^i^^K ^J)^l9

of the king,

to dine with him.

first of t-aAAi-'

Jj

il

which runs as follows:

.-.

the

and the poet was admitted

j^31U(i ^^j^x^x

i^'iiisili

v.^'^-'

201
Both the
ing jt^j

foot t:,3JUli

's

^f^ii^^^ freely undergo the follow-

;iu(l

cj^^ (suppression of the second quiescent),

(i)

them respectively
<-i>^

(ii)

and

suppression

makes them

4^3it*

u-' ^ '*

quiescent

of the seventh

respectively o<U*i

and

which makes

J^aJ"-,/o

which

),

J^i (the combination of the above two) is, however, ugly,

it does, with the melody of the metre.

interfering, as

o/

The *^ known

as ^^i^-^i

letter *, or the 4th letter

which suppresses either the third

J from
,

c^^*^^ occurs freely only

tli'j two hemistiches).
J

in

i^'i^^^i

thus turning

u^j^^ and v^'^,

it

into

{the last feet of

o/
It should

be noticed in connection with this metre that

in t^^fiAzo is dj^^'O'^5 J

[divided bar),

and

is

^ftJ

never subject

to an}' changes.
.

of

This metre
its

is

often indulged in

elegant melody, but

not

is

by Arabic poets on account

so very extensively used as

those of the previous poems,

Example

of Sc
J/ o/

/o/

^I^Lk.

^Jjxii^

.AS^

The

/-h*^^

is

Aflik;*

CJ^-vs'

o^ the class of j-j'y^

{f'c<')'>

<J'_^is'^'*

letter occurs after a quiescent one.

j>*A

from

(//i Ze^i!er

^j^

its

/I

(^jj being

of prolongation.)

of the Utter preceding

Its

(sj^

It is o^^^e
it,) is

^*

where one

The poem
is

by

^*^ and j
I,

whose

is

called

^^

is its

jA^

(or

In this metre, on account of the lesser capacity of the line,

allowable to divide a word between the two hemistiches.

it is

2(3

202

"Asmaa
dweller

j,aJ

J*Jjlj

/JkX3

*'**'

'

^U-tsubj. to'^^i'''; ^j^'^^ji^

Many

^s-i

tired of."

is

That is the host gets tired of many a guest before

means that Asoiaa was not such a guest as that.

^ apocopated form of

UiJ^I

't^-i^^

us of her intended departure.

informed

such that his stay

is

vj

for

he

^"^

VJ

lJ*i &c., passive sent., apodosis to

^^Jlj and h*"^

gen. case by

He

his stay is over.

vj

" She informed us of her intended departure, then she turned

; would that my knowledge com-prehended when my

avfSijfrom us

next meeting could be with her."

CSJ*-^ in the obj. case, being subj.

'

'^^)

after

*^i\ the pred. (^f^)

being c'^ or the like under.

C5^- Interrogative

noun

of time

o''<'j"'

o^-l=

'

iu the obj. case.

''After meeting her in the stony and sandy tract

maa, and then the still nearer part of her country
Khalsda;"
*^*J obj. of

time

o ^^^

'

'^J^

....

-/

of

subj.

my meeting
J

her

/O/

'^k'^

to the pred.

Sham-

to

us was

*^*^ a diptote yJj'^^ jt^ for >i^ > ^-'

(^j ^

at

{^^

t.

o /

* ''^^^'

was Khalsaa. "

5

/ /

O// j/

..

;;

/^O

<'Thenaj-e Muhayiit, then the hills of Sifah, then the summits

of Fitaq, then 'Azib, then

Wafaa;"

203
All

So

these

also tlioso

"Then

nouns arc
ill

t.he

in

next

^I'aIx^

to

the nom. case, being co-onl.

I.

line.

the gardens of Qatii, then the valleys of Shurbub,

then Shu'batan, then Ablua."

^^Ux^ nnme

of a hill with two projecting peaks.

That is, these places are next in order of prosimity to his country, or it
may mean that tliese are the places, where he met Asmaa subsequently to
seeing her at Burqati Shammaa."
^/jo

= o

/o/

n/

/ /

" I do not see her whom I met in these places

weeping to-day distractedly, and what good does
return to Uie weeper,"
That

is,

of what use

//
of iSJ 'j

conjunctive pron. ('^''*) being

obj. of

'-*

time

the obj. case, being

7
*'

j/n/n

*lj;i*.'l

l^J

its

^^ being

ly '^_>-'

(_>'i4*J )

interrogative, in the obj. ease,

Another reading o^j

oj -

-0-'^ )

'

by^^i^

'

JIj;-*'

jo

Ij

0/ /o/

lJJ|j.ii

;.

^ik^

isy^

(^' l^-?

&c.,

a^lj.

fire

0/0/

(J^AAJ;j

in the evening,

her."

''i;'

tjj*^<

o ^^j^

'

*->j^)

'^-i-^

sent,

high ground presents

to

Oi>5jt

in the obj. case, being obj. of time

Another reading

of hospitality.
/I/O/
0/

fire

^i^

the

In sight of your eyes, Hind lighted the

elliptical for

specifieative object.

with which the high ground pointed

-^ii*J

the following sent.

,^_j1j

This refers to the

am

weeping

obj. of ^^^-^^ under.

H^ J>*A^

so I

U-'<> in

weeping?

is

t^-* a relat. pron,, ohj.

fj^i

to

=on

toj^'

the last occasion.

or to

your sight"

'^*'*,

when

it

would mean "

whom

the

204
Tlie address

to himself.

is

/ -

" You saw her

very far from you
i.e.,

if;

impossible

is

///

/o/

/ f f

na/ /f

from a distance on tlie hill of Khazaza;

your becoming warmed by that fire."
for you to be with her now that yonr miud is fnlly
fire

is

occupied with events of greater moment.

^^M
t5J

under.

adj. to<^*^
/

a mountain on which
when there was an inroad.

L>'^ or j

the morning
"^U-^* a

'3-^

In

tlie

*^"*^

or ^j-^^ to the final "^

nom.

case,

Another reading

Another reading

warm

"She
;

That
^'0

*^'^-'

j///

('^*-!)

and so

'!;*.

U^'*

'

^ 'i^=it

is

not possible for you now to

0/0//

>

/O//O//0/

between 'Aqeeq and Shakhsaiu with the wood of

appeared as the dawn appears.-"

lit it

xv^nlQ it

you were glad to see

is

liere

*0 '^'^

phrase to ^'^y^
s

o jj'^^w

being subj. to

of a past verb

ir*

yowrse// with hex fire.

j>

aloes

used to be kindled early

compound nouK with the meaning

indeclinable with
*il/AJ

fire

U^)

cogn.

^^Ij l*^

an adj. sent, to

^/::

> tliat

* ^^'^^'

^yh ^^=

^i'^-''

^y^^

,.

prepw

ohj. under.

elliptical for

it.

of infin.,

^k-^J

^^jkU^

^y^= f-k'^^ ^^^^'^^ ^^^^>

'

-s

=//~

/0//J.

" Except that I ask help for the removal of

a fast travelhng urges the stayer

to

escape

/o/ o/

my

//o/

sorrow, when

"

Others may fly from difficulties fearing them, but I perform ray design*
with the help of a fast she-cameL

205

noun

e)' iiiLroduees the i'ollo\vin<^

1st pers. pron., in the

(_5-

being the

(-rJ^)

V gives a
An

sent, c:^*****

sent., nliieli

case, being

ol)j.
I

^^^

o^ft^^ill

subj. after

cJ

'

the

pied

from addressing to

turning

o '^'O to^^'^

^-i-^'

is

transitive signification to "-"^

instance of

(t^^.i*^)-

of exception,

_ri-^ in tlu' ol)j. case, hciii,:: oI)j.

of

speaking,'

himself.
/^/

U
"

By

5:z~/

/z/

j|Alfl*

.-.

meau.s of a rapid she-camel, as

if

-/

t^j (^

t-Jy^J

s/'t

i->

Ua- Aj_,^ Jtjj

were a young

sli3

desert loug-uocked slie-ostricli, the mother of young- ostriches."

shows

relation Ijetween t->^'j

instance of u^*'^*-'

and

t^i*^-"

'

An

in the preceding line.

'

o'^ij adj. to *^^ under.

./

Wits' &c., adj. sent, to ->^*j

the obj. case, being subj.

J lij

(*

in apposition

i^ ^

and

*J J

adj.

>i

* '^^'>-

from i

"She heard

af^J-

>

J "^O
to *i^*

= desert)

'

I* in

^h'^

"ith '^^^^

after

which he

*^^^ being

'

living in a desert.'

when evening had

approached.^'
tlie

heat of

is

comparing the pace of the camel.

fi-om

~j

'\j,^

tlie

day.

would tend ner to make her increase her pace, to the rapidity
/.

i JI

pred.

Ostriches are wilder in the evening than during

fear

a low sound, and the hunters caused her to fear

in the afternoon

Her

^.

e>'<'

-itli

conj.

from

uH'

the

infin.

/_

obj. of

time (*^

J^*^^

UJ

^^'J^^^J^)-

being

(_r '-^

'

of

206

= ^l-*-*! = towards evening.

Another reading l^-^'

lj^>'5j

adv.

&c.

(J^^-^'^'j,)

*^*i an

, IaA

13

IV. conj. of

infin. of the

/o/ js//

J ^^

of

sent,

'''V^ *i*^ ), introduced

by j

and ^'.

Aj

IIaIaj

(^

^'-'O

o/o

..

o::

5_jj Ij

^^J t^
t

//o

///

l^ftlA.

''
And you will see behind her, from the raising of
and placing them down again, a line dust, like the dust

^JW
her feet
in a ray

of the suQ."
/

Jj*A/o

-i-^ obj. of time, {^^.'

=.

the obj. case, by {jj^

^i^"*

in

"
AJ(^ adj. sent. tol^^^-*.

,UaI
O
*

''

t^j'^Jl

O/-^

^*

t/

/
'

phir. of 'f* the fine dust seen in the rays of the sun.

And

you will

shoe-soles behind which

see the

there are

on the ground, which the desert cut into

slioe-soles, falling

pieces/'
the obj. case, being co-ord. to '^^^ in line 13.

'^ l^-ts

in

(3 Lr-^

used in the

sense,

pi.

together in layers)

poet means by

the marks

In the

it

'

as

if it

were

pi.

of ** Lr-^ (infin.

= sewing

soles that are attached to the feet of camels'.

latter case, the line

Or the

by the heavy tread of the she-camel.'

would mean " and the marks of her heavy tread,
left

followed by others stamped in several places, but soon effaced by the desert."

L^* pron. referring to

olisit. in the

nom.

^'

l;^

case,

being

adj. to the

(3 \^h ^,Ali. tJ^ adj. sent, to ^^^^^

Another reading
^5 t/J*.

ol-lsj i-w

Here the pron. u*

second

6 Lr-^

l^l^Js in the obj. case

refers to

^i camels.
'

O '^-^

being subj.

'

'^*^'

),

and

being in apposition with

207
!'>' &c.,a(l). sent. tol''^-^.

0/0/

^ "ij' =:ruiueil.

Another reading

^ /o

15

Ci

ft-i-.^

-/

A=^j

^-J"

u'.d.

^">

^0

'.

/
!

^^

/o

c///

Ijif^

l*-j

^^Jl

"I ride her during the midday heat at a finie, when every
one eharged with important alTairs is like a blind camel tied
to the f^rave of his dead owner."
He pursues

his object even under circumstances in which others

would

be helpless.
..///
C5t^''

../

from

'

= playing with.

jj-^'j

^r^'^-" obj.oftime (^i^ Jj-*^^).

J^

subj.

^^^

h^^ pred. {j*^

The sent. OS &c

J

/nj

/J /

*LJ_, Aj

16

^xj

i?

l^^

j_^i^Aj v_*Jai.

*'And there came

^.^

,(a

affair,

^^^^ of time

0/0/
_j J

to us

occurrences a great

^j^^

.-.

Jll

//o
^ot_^^-'l

t^A:

///

Ijtjij

amongst the events and the new

by which we are troubled and wo

are grieved."

V^^

subj. to 'J^'.

/J
*J

Lf^*-'

and

^-i

^ ^
^^-^ adj. sent,

ij ^JX*i jjjny also

= we

/
s

to

are accused of.

/o/

Another reading ^'

'j

^^^

j'

'c;-*

//
'^^^^

= and

there

came

to us

from the

Araqim, a clan of the tribe of Taghlib.

" Verily, our brothers the Ariiqim are exceeding limits in their
sfite against us, while there is

every excess in their speaking

against ws.
This

is

ing liuo.

the affair which caused his people grief, meutioucd iu the preced-

208
il)'

either

tsj I

introducing a principal sent.; or

following noun sent, in apposition

eJ '^=^

ly^^

'*'^

In the obj. case, being subj. after eJ

'

* ^^^

and

^f ^^^

'

l5*

CJ

'

introilucing the

with '^^ in the preceding line.

'

the pred. being the sent, s

^' 'j name of a branch of the tribe Beni

woman Hkeued the eyes of their ancestors to
'

Tagblib, so-called because a

those of serpents.
/

He

UxLc
^i

them brothers,

calls

= they

^^jii-i also

Ij

i/

*^*^

in apposition
subj.

'

*UA,i

'

^i^ixi

"^^-^ to

j_j.a

> ^i-'

^^^^

= while

there

an adv. sent, of

rage against us with spite.

J'^j) with iD '^^

the pred. (f^^' </*

also

reviling/or vs to bear

18

^^*-^ and j^i were sons of

for their ancestors

^Aij ij^

'-s^

(*;;'

...

much

too

is

i.J

i.j

pressure

in

their

*-^*^).

^=-

Uaj ^^.xj

^^Jkis^.

" They mix up tlie innocent one of us with the criminal one,
while innocence does not profit the innocent one."
t5^'J-'

'

adj. to

19

'^^j^

h-

'

^^
'

'

under.

so also is^^

J ^^ J '->^^

.'.

" They assert that every one,

the killing of the chiefs
his confederates,

as though
(i)'

-^^

e;^

toe

and

is

'

i*-'

who

and

'

V'*'^-'

V-r-^ U-*

<-^^ CJ

so res'ponsihle

for

'-?=
'

expresses satisfaction at

tJieir

we are

crimes and offences,

were their heirs.

in the obj. case,

being subj. after c>

'

relative pron. in the gen. case, being

^aaJ *_.^

cs-i

a relation o ours, and that

introduces the following noun sent., obj. of '^^j

'

relative clause, {^^-^) to

_ji*j\z=(^l) chieftain

ii)"^

J
^^

h"^ being pred.

'

t-3

'^^

or (G) the

name

j^^

or (2) wild ass; or (3)i)eg of a tent

or (5) impurity of the eye

to

'^^

of a mountain.

or (4) impurity

Thus accordiugly

209
jxx)]^j^

^,A3

jr

=:cvcry one, who

ass

pitches a tent

ori^;))

rities

jx*.j

trivial

cliicftjiin

IJ

OS

common

figure ^l~ji/

good example of the

,1

introduced by

tioun sent,

elliptical sent, for

^i/^

Ij

tiie

Another reading

* <^y^ '=:

^^J-^

"At

^^

'

o '^^aj

of ls^J'^)

1^*^

(j

,..

il^

&c.

'

an

taking the

|)^

l^*^'^

' ^

.'.

'

^'^'.

(^^j^

to fi<jld

^J*-*^

and

us,

ia

was raised;"

_ /

apodosis to

'

iD

legacy, inheritance.

their war-cry

"^^'^

^ /

^^

to

= cousins.

evening they made up their minds

morning

t.lie

'_^^ (pi.

'^'^'^

,4-'

co-ord.

'

).

Another readiug

'

-/

J-t

i-^*

place of o'-^-=(i.e.

20

impu-

reason.

v)_^ (^x

^jl

tlie

eyehds together; or (6) goes to the

man, who offeuda thcni whether witli a

~ /
f

shows his

or

or [2) hunts a wild

'j t^-! "r*^^^;

(5) strikes his

'Aer., i.e., every

good or a

t-l-"

or (4) enters a watering phice, removing

from itssurfaoe; or

mountain

kills

(1)

death of the chieftain,

{iratification at the

and '^^**

complete verbs,

(''

t^**

Early in the morning they prepared themselves for war.

Another reading * '-^

J

///

and

^^j^ (^^ '^^""

f-

o/

'

o/o/

^o

/^o

^^
Set up by a caller and an answerer, and proceeding from
amongst the neighing of the horses, in the midst of which
was the braying of the camels."

The whole

array raised their war-cry.

'^

c/"*

may be taken

as explanatory of *'-'^_y^

^consisting

of,

&c.

tJ

^^ intensive infinitive.

J ^^
(^^)

in

the obj. case, being obj. of time (-^

to the subj.

27

('

'^<)

*'-^j

J^**<

c*^*- ^'^J^)\ prod.

210
*t.cj

u^li

J^^adv.

sent.

" Oh, thou speaker, the embellisher oj

us to 'Amru,
Your

is

about us

lies

conversation about

Jiis

there permanency to that discourse.

"

will be discovered.

J^JsUJI In the nom. case, being simple vocative

(^the

vocative particle)

being under.
/

'^^

in the obj. case, being obj. of place.

j_^*^

'Amru

is

(f

subj.

'a-f

23

"Do
tion.

is

-^V),

to the pred.

/O /O

<i^

ii

Uj

J
/O/

0.S Ias

(JJ

O/

^' aJ

{j^=-),

/O//

j;3 i^i j^j* ijkis^

ji

E
ij

..

//

/
(

//

not consider us as suhmiiting patiently to your instigaVerily, very often enemies have carried bad reports to

King about us

the

in the 5th Poem ; the poet in this

addressing the writer of the 5th Poem.

Hind mentioned

ibni

and the following lines

tvithout affecting our interest.

o //

/
'>

1st pers. pron. obj.

oiO-^ ^

the secondary obj.

-**'

'^

**
{

= yield-

ing) being under.

cL-*= Notwithstanding, in despite

Another reading
'^

is^^

in the obj. case, being subj. after a)

the sent,

"^^ ^'C-,

c?"*.?

being the

(^^).

pred.
<Jl*'

i/jis,)

^^ ^j^

of.

iade jhnable vrith **'^, being the contracted form of

where the

'""''

O^'^'O

[%, e.,

'<^'*')

is

'

** '-^J*

= ie/ore

under; or in the obj. case being

obj. of time.
^'^

here expletive.
l'"

Another reading

an
/

infinitive
I

phrase,
'

JlJ=

subj.

Here
to

''^

l-k

is

^i)'^'^'^,

The

which turns the

seut.

^ j

i.3

UJ

sent, into
IJs

&c.=

211
Another

rcadin<>

't

" So we continued, notwithstanding the hatred of the enemy

while our strongholds and high honour elevated us in dignity*"
l-Hl-iij

J^ to ^^J

&c., adv. sent, of

Bjj

j j

Another reading i>i'^ or ^^'=*^

J

Si//

Before to-day

**

in

it

there

= fortunes.
jj

made white

it

'1

/ :z/

o/o

/o/

the eyes of the people, while

length and refusing."

is

Their honour

is

and

great

refuses to submit to indignity, and ijoople were

jealous of them.
<>^^ in the obj. case,
'*

being obj. of time {^^*

Jj*A^

cjt/oj..^

f>ji^

in the gen. case,

""-^^^i^

i.e.,

<>Jj^)

being

^i-"

'

o ^'^*

to

"-^

our honour made blind, or dazzled.

expletive.
/.0 / O

Another reading cr
'Hi*-'

^^^

'

W-"^

^i &c., an

'"^ pred.

"As

if

^*-'

= indignation.

adj. sent, of

(j^)

J^

to the subj.

to

O*

^^^^ and

time were shooting at us,

as at a mountain high of
clear

/s;/

'

= length, or repugnance.

Another reading

away from

t^->.[

icith the

arrows of misfortune

summit and black, which the clouds

Misfortune makes no impression on us.

t5'<i^-'

expletive.

in

a scut- i)red. (^'=^)

aftcrej'^-

*^> a prep, giving a transitive signillcatiou to lS'^i^'

212

t)*J
^
'^-

= under., obj.

(o^'^^O-i:*) to ^^^

adj.

'

to

^^'^y

V ^^*"

&c.,

au

w^ J

adj. sent, to

// o

O J

Another reading ('^^ (*'"

Oj

'

'

a dark mountain, inhabited by wild goats.

('^^

of

pi.

^*

a wild goat, white of feet, or inhabiting rugged hills

'

regarded by Arabs as an emblem of stubbornness.

A mountain

''

frowning, at the revolutions of the time so

that a great severe misfortune of the time does not

tr4^^^

ijij^

J/

liJjjc

&c., an adj. sent, to

AjjA Ij^ a^Qji

^_/o

*'

case, being adj. to

in the obj

He

is

jg^

u^j

u^J^

weaken

'

therefore, of feminine gend. and so

0/0/

/J/

ri/n

it."

enemy

of Iramiyau descent, with one like

gallop, while they, refuse their

is

him

the adj.

the horses

the ability to

banish

their master."
- ^
t5"*ji adj. from

whom

the

ioj^

subj.

(ji, ancestor

Arabs trace
(

iS^^^ J &c., adv. sent, of

*

^^ ^

being obj. of t5^

vowel of the isjj

*'.yl

It

may be

unusual poetic
Jjjs:

Aj

which

(/^j

J ^5
'"'

>

is

read with

^-^
^*'^

^^

U-^

J./^ the

introduced byj,

also

= horn

king.

(J^'j

to be read with ****

This

defect in

the

'j)-

contrary to the

rhyme

*^'^ being changed

into

license.

^J (a.

from

'

is

Noah,

In the nom. case, being pred. (j^^),

li^-*) under., referring to

^^^^i &c., an adj. sent, to

of 'Ad, and grandson of

their descent.

the horses surround.

is

called

^*^ by an

213
Another

roadinij

*it^JI

" IIo

t4*^i-^ C*j

showing excellence

favour of their

{ie

rival,

L^^

the genii,

'

>/ o

f.1^

J/

the

i e.,

yf

pi

Jl:^.

like

He

is

him, sharp and active, people

l5

^^ to rival in showing.

mighty people

like the genii in

sharpness and activity.

//

Qr u^=i-

referring the ii>*

n //

aIjL^j ,_5->cjI

I:inr/).'"

^"

t5"'

j/i

"

one

what comes

to light

&c., a sent, co-ord. to the sent- *^^*:f

^I^'
^^

^- from

-^-'

-sr\ oJli^

.'.

but the resulting discoveries return verdict in

Here

of a noble descent; witli

is

rival in

Lj

u^

'

the outcome.

'^'r^

'

.o/

0/0/

j/o

'^j

and the most excellent of those who

is less than what he has 0/ good

a just king,

walk on earth, and praise

qualities."

No

praise

'-*^'* in

with ^'*j'
o

is

sufficient for

him.

the nom. case, being pred.

to^

subj. under.; or being in

app.

in the previous line.

/"

c;'*

a relat. pron., in the gen. case, being

*-'

'

oi-.^

to U-^>

'

iS^
*Ulf
^"^

relat. clause,
I

8uijj_

ami

to e^-*

^jO ^^A)

relat. pron., in

30

""^

^c^^ pred.

the gen. case, being ^j^IljI'A-* to eJj*^*

* ^Ai

il

lJ j^yiij. Uj:J

.-.

ti

^3 0^

Aiii.

Uj

" Whatever important

out of
the

it

to us,

affair you desire, consign tlie, carrymg

and the nobles of your tribe will be satisfied at

way we perform

j_5'

either, (i) in the

governing verb j-i'

it.*'

obj.

case,

being iJ^f*'^^

<-^*^-^

being engaged with the pronoun

'

*^ J**-^-"
referring to

.-

it

the
;

or

214
in

(ii)

LiJ

the nom. case, being subj. C'^'^'*), the pred. being the

lA^^

'-*

li

introduced by

sen.

expletive.

A'^a^ in the gen. case, being

j3^j|

clause,

relat.

The address

under.

^i-*

o ^^"^ to^*i

'

(*-^'^) to

i^^^

/o/
or

t^--' = whereiu they endeavour, asbeing

'4^

/_

of great concern to

*Ua.

31

i)

being

^^,
/

^-^i

obj.

its

to the tribe of Taghlib.

is

j^ft^ &c., adj. sent, to

Another reading

I.

the relat. pron. (^1

them

o I^A!

or '^i ij^'*^

5)

Ajji

vi

= are sorely tried in solving

LaJ

.-.

Is

is^

^xi

\.K

it.

^i^i

^yi

" If you dig up ihe ground between Milhali and 'Saqib you
xdUI find there are in

By avenged

unavenged ones, and avenged ones."

own tribe, and by unavenged
He is boasting that his own tribe avenge their

it

ones he means the dead of his

the dead of the Araqim.

dead always.
^^ a relative pron., in the obj. case, by ^^^^'

*^^

(a diptote <>ij'^'^^j^^ for ^^^ ^^ and ^-i*^^) ; and

mountains in the country of Juhaina, beyond Madeena.

^>

^'^

two large

*U.i)tj

ci> l^^-o

those

"

who

Some

ci>lj./oJlt AJ;3

o l^/o

under,

il

and

sent., apodosis to

^^^=^ ^

= dead people

'

subj.

'

^^^

li)

with the introductory

and *i^ (pred.)

whose slaughter has been avenged;

*''i'=^'

are not avenged.

offer the following interpretation

you inquire of what liappenei between Milhah and Sa'qib rjou will see
there are dead ones killed by us and living ones, 171 our captivity."
Or, " If
wherein there are
the superiority will be for us."
you inquire
If

Here the apodosis

adj. sent, to '^

to

(i> i

is cLifi.'

Another instance of the figure ^

32
" Or

j/ 0/0 / J
*'^^^'j

r,

f^^**

if

UI3 under.

and

^ '^-^

i"

/"i^

&c

/r>

ill

^^? i

'-'-J ii

'

^^"

^J

0/

**^S"

OjO //O/

(J*ftJJli

^iifijjt

J Oc

you make diligent inquiry^ then the inquiry

is

what

215
the people

trouble about, and in

tfiko

it

appear the crimes

will

and the innocences.'*

Here

cJ

conditional conj.

! ,

...

U*^

J^

pred.

(^^^), and ^1^5/

*'^^^'j

(*l^-5/l

Another

reading

lit.

and

ilhiesses

*'^^51lj

( Lr-f

"The inquiry will show

Another reading
recovery;

i.e.,

Or

**

if

/O/O

'=

|'^^'i'

making

The

'

^^-J^

Ai*j

ill

aO/

And

and

in it there is health

you become

-j/ -/ Oi/ /O/

0/ O //

/ /

about us, then we become like one

silent

you should keep silence, we

tinue, to rankle in our breast-

is dirt.''

do so too, albhouijh hatred

shall

will

con-

before ^**>-^.

^*' &c., apodosis

(^* Relat. pron.,

If*'^ Lf* prcd. to the subj.

an eye, the

*
'

the relative clause

s.\'^>

^^

't^^

^\

O/

/O/

lids of

by the prep.

^fr^^ Ci* &c., adj. sent, to ^i^

->.

in the gen. case,

being ^-^^ U^*i

Another reading

by

to cjij introduced

(ji^il j^S" &c., pred. to ^^^

like

i.e.,

then mean to

for the innocent.

If

(*^)

and healing;

line v?ould

wlio bas shut his eye, in the lids of which there

ui under,

and our innocence."

ijoiw criminality

'

0/

and recoveries.

^ j ^^^^^

'^^

freedom

5" snbj

declaring some guilty and others innocent.

say,

^^^>

under, before

case, being snbj. (I'^^^^o) and cr^-'-'l i*^s^- prod,

nom.

In the

Lr^->-"

^>

-t>^-'

''

^ &c., apodosis to c;l; introduced by

0/
t5^ W-i^

which close on

<iJ^^

dirt.

'*^^

..J/
^-^^*

we

shall all

be

21G

34
" Or

who

if

is it,

That

is

AJ ty^l]

lijjLc

s.^*.i\

Aa.

.'.

y^y t^^iU^yxXKj\

you refuse tis the -peace that you are asked about, then
you have been told, has superiority over us

there

is

none superior

to us.

o
cjl under, before ^**^'*.
^^

a relative

e;^^^,

passive sent,

tive pron.

'^^

^**jXa. ^yxi

the relat. clause {^^'^) being the

of which the secondary obj., t under.,

apodosis to

<^(5.j

wl,

nom.

in the

|l\j;lc

introduced by

*^*-'t subj.

Another

^'^^

{\^h^

lI^-"

the

sent.

being

w '^

and ^^ pred.

^*-^

'

~J

*'^* t5=^

A-*

) ,

J f/
reading *^*-'

J /J

35

'

->

aJ, a noun sent, third obj. to ^^''^s^

/
/ J I ~ t
/
/

* ^*-'

elliptical for

the conjunc-

case, being the subj. to the pred. sent.

secondary obj. to the passive verb ^>J<*^

*11aJ

is

Interrogative,

l:^'*

of ^*-*^'*;

pron., obj.

b'->''

>

/O/

Oj

^^" ^*^-*^ r^-' T^*^^

'

0/

" Do you know the days when the people were plundei'ing,
making inroads against each other and in every tribe there was
^

a cry for blood ?

(

'j

"

in the obj case, being obj of time

^i*

following sent, being ^^) lol^ax? to

J^*^^

c)

^-^y '^^^)
'

the

it.

J //p.j

Another reading
Ijl^*

V-**-*:! (in

(= by mutual

*'^ ys^

* '.^* subj.

were plundered.

iwroads), infin., in the obj.

adv. sent, of

(' '^*^-*)

the passive

J ^='

pred. {j":^)

*V ^^

i^^^^^

*^*'?'

case,

being cog.

obj.

217
Tlerc
lib

own

poet, after

ilic

the previous

ill

rc-butk'd tlio couiijlaiut.s of

liiiviii^

now

liia-s,

l)L"giiis

tlie

tribts of T;i<;h-

excelleucies of

liis

Arabia about the year

5.35

to cmiiiiciate

tlic

tribe.

Here

the.

allusion

anarchy

to tlie timo of

is

when Nusherwan, King

in

by the tribe of Hanccfah, and fought against Caisar.

The tribe of Nizar was then under the
King of Persia, and that of Ghassan under Crcsar. The tribe of Hakr Bin
N'iid was tlif^n making inroads against other tribes and leading iheni into

A. D.,

of Persia, was ciefcatcd

captivity.
J

"

::/=o/

//

,Us:-'|lJUJ

3Q

When wo

^i;.a.

camels from

we reached

//

<-i**j (^a:

s;^-'l

.-.

^^,JJ.

guided our

Bahrain, travelling until

//o

o/o

1/

\JX^^

/n/

JU^hH^Sj

the

r,

^1

date-trees

of

none venturing

Hisaa,

to

oppose us,"
i

noun of time {u^'^y^^ *~>^~),

'

in apposition

(J

with

*^^)

(*^j'

in the

^^*->j

or^i"-"

])reccding hue.

l-^j &e.,
y^-^
{

= we
^^

sent. ^-^

'

o ^^'^

to i

'

theobj. case, being cog. obj. {(J^^-^J^*^-^) to

infin., in

travel) under.

obj. of

s-'-m.srl

p]^

/<7.,

^-"'t^

Another reading

^^

= carried us

to

^^ refers to

where

'^

'

= sandy tract, where rain soaks; name of a place in

Bani Asad at a distance from Bahrain; or a lake belonging

qC ,_^~a.

the country of

to Bani Fazarah.
J

~J

/ /

////T

O/O//

z.>

'^Then we turned against the tribe of Tameera to attach

and we entered the sacred mouths, while the daughters
of Murr were amongst us as hand-maids.

tliem,

''

They conquered the tribe and took the women as

months, wherein war is forbidden, set in.
^^i^J &c., adv. sent, of

^ajoUj

subj.

^^

introduced by

slaves, before the sacred

^^

(I'^^V) to the prcd. O*^),*'-^!

Another reading

"^
f*->'

^^daughters of

'

a people-

j j
'

218
38
"

ts-^-'

When

J-J 6,}\^i)SjJ.

the lionoured

flight did not profit the

The great

wJ J-V L 3J_>*J

.-,

man did not

mean one."

tribes hastened to fortify themselves in their strongholds,

39

dji:>

^\j

^'Notliing would save

him

*^^j

'ij=^

summit

the

neither

^J.aj

of

Li-o

.-.

5)

stay in the plains, and

was on the war path, while the smaller ones

his tribe

JJ

I^J

when

fled.

<i.J

^s:-^ ^j^J

who took refuge from

the high

us
nor the stony broken

hills,

ground."
j_^4>.Jl

pron.,

i-elat.

5
and ^j^

- s

cr

of is^^'

obj.

.J
siibj.

Another reading j

'

^-='

"

is

i^'

accouiit of

"-^^-^ in

^-^ Ij-'* :=:

^i^)^
*

'^^

(3-5

^'^

'

an

1^^

=r

'

i^jji

intin.

O^

0.5.

...

/- /O

jjj

^jj->^J^

is

// O

P^^i cj:u

all people under his

not found amongst them an equal to

what he possesses /ror/i good

<^^j U^.

and

one seeking shelter from fear.

j/

the nom. case, being pred.

under., referring to

&c., pred. after ij^i^

being

who has brought

a king,

subjection, while there

him on

C5^

///
*tircVjo.JiJ

He

"

clause

relative

J/

40

the

l5^^

to

(*-^'c)

(lo-i^/c) _^A

JJ*^'

"^^^rl ^ &o., adj. sent, s to

j'^^^-*

fjualities."

\J^.^) to the subj.

^^^

with the force of a noun of agent

(iJ-cfi.'

**

I)

equal.

Another reading *^:^y

'

t^"^

'

= the

most powerful of the people

to

manarje their affairs.

J

"

'~>

4i-e ^/ui troubles

^O

O/ J

which your

OjO

tribe

//O

O/

///

endures like the troubles

219
w'liich

our tribo onclurcd

and was

it

"and did we

i.e.,

when

Miuizir niatle war on

we who said aro wo

tlio slie])hercls

him back such a shurp

r/ive

Ills

enemies,

of Ibn-i-lliud?"

re/)/!/

as,

are

'

wg

shQ\)-

'""

lionls to IlMi-i-lIind ?

You

(i

to

e.,

Munzir with the same

Ta/jhlib) did not fight for

him your

refused

did, but

we
him

zeal tlial

assistance with a rough rcpl}-, which roused

against you.

flight

'-^^-'^^^

(elliptical

S:c.

for

^JKa/ ^aJKjj)^

^^^^

prepositional

phrase, pred. to the suhj. f^^ii-^J^i under.

The poet

inroad by 'xVmru bin Munzir against Syria soon

alludes to an

He marched waging war

after his accession to the throne.

of Ghassan, to avenge
s.l^j

*i/o

who was

(^J

the death of his father,

Munzir

against the

III., (well

tril)e

known as

" the son of the rain," on account of his extreme beauty,)

by Shainmar, son of 'Araru, at the instance of

Lame, King of Ghassan. 'x\mru called the tribes of Bakr and
Taghlib to his assistance, which the former tendered willingly, but the
" Are we shepherds to the son of
latter refused with a rough reply
Hind?'' Being enra<jed at this answer, 'Aram levied a large army of the
He
Arabs, and made a vow not to wage vvar with any one before Taghlih.
His followers then interfoujiht against them and killed many of them.
ceded with him on behalf of Taghlib and got them pardon for their offence.
killed treacherously

Haritli, the

them

So, the rest of

w^ere spared,

but the blood of those

who were

killed

was unavenged.

Here 'Amrn bin Hind

is

called Munzir, as heing a general

name

for the

kings of Al-Hairah.
^ //O

O//

jO//

^ /O/ O

J //

"What blood tliey shed of oue of the Beui Taghlib was unavenged, when the dust was thrown upon it.'
.

I'c

a conditional relat. pron., subj.

duced by

'-^

tflxJ

50/

^^^.^

to the pred.

J^^-'-'^-*,

intro-

l^jl^l relative clause

I_jjI^

(''^'^)

the conj. pron.

'^J^-^

subject (*^* in 41, or people of Ibni Hind.

v-i'^

'

or

when

the ground was stained

l)y it.

its obj.

under.

220

" When lie, {the Idng,) pitched the tent of Maisoon in 'Alyaa,
and then ^Aosaa was the nearest of her lands to the IdngJ'

Maisoon was a daughter of a chief of Bani Ghassan. She was captured

by Nu'man, brother of 'Amru-bin-Hind, in one of his wars in Sj'ria with the
Bant Ghassan and Bani Taghlib, when one of the Ghas^tuiian kings was
killed and 'Amru's brother Imraul-Qais was released from captivity.
The
preceding line refers to the blood of the Ban! Taghlib
<i

obj. of time

0-^
*

^^J-'l

&c., a sent. ^^)

( cJ

'-^j-

o ^^^

'

to i'

/
4-'-*-'

secondary obj. to

Another reading

'

and

'

/"J
the direct obj. being ^i'

'>

0/0

*^-='.>*-'

J /o/ njx//

as

war.

ti-^

//o

^ -''*'

spilt in this

^ /

'

names of

places.

^j,

5/

//

n -///

" Then adventurers from every tribe assembled round him,

though they were eagles."
J Oj

/0_
&i>ji,\ji piur.

of

'^_^' or 'r'J'^-T'

means

literally a

robber, but

it is

used

here more in the sense of an " adventurer."

J

s. [fiJ

*'

s:

^J

1^

adj. sent, to

h-^

'j>^

/0/c?^J

/O

.,

.>o / /

0/ /O /O

r,j

///

Then he led them feeding them with the two black ones
and water) ; while the order of God is irresistible and

{dates

the wicked are rendered miserable by it."

O

Another reading

/O

i^-Ji'^i-?

= with the two white ones,

i. e.,

water.
Aij t^^t

t^:f

^i

J &c., adv.

= sure to be

Jk^'i

^(.^^ f,,ij_

sent, of

'^ introduced by

fulfilled.

syt_ to_^'*l.

J^^ j
'

'^

bread and

L>>1

"When

you,

Tnini

out of prido

T(i(/hlib,

tlieiu battle, yoni' insolent desire

Here ^*
l^^ii^^^^

refers to

s(>,ij;_

'^ >>

in line

to

^J;j|

l-'fi.^

"ii

desired to give

drove them towards you.''

41.

'jJJ-^ obj. of specitiefition (_>""' )

^L^-l

fern. adj. to '4-^-*'

''They did not come upon you suddenly, but the mirage
their forms hefore you."

and the moraiug raised

Thoy (lid not attack you unawares

your defeat.
iJ'-i aor. apocopated by

h:j^

uifin. cog. obj.

"

Oh

'Amru,
The

^Ao!t

'

(i'-'^'^

J^*^'^

their crowd.

^j-*

speaker, the conveyer of false talcs about us to

vocative particle H
1,^

means 'Amru
*^^"J' subj.

"-^'i

for

there any end to thati'"

is

(J.JsUJI

no excuse

Another reading f*-^**^

Another reading

(-'

or at night, so you have

i.e.,

ti,p

is

understood before

bin Kiilthoom, as in line 22.

(^^k^)

your

Another reading

prcd.

[j^

lies.

c?^

't^'

case, being simple vocative O^ixi

nom.

^^

'

rcviler.

^''^'

^o

1.^/0

jjg

222
J

all

'

J^^

O// // - 0/ -

beyond

us,

a doubt,

subj.

and

Z:!'^-'

the

obj.

wi^ the

being the sent.

pred.,

pred.

being cogn.

case,

obj.,

being

^^^.^i

governed by

under.

*iUJ

^^4^^J

V' subj.

He is

adj. sent, to

^=^

t:;*^^ t^* pred.

"

0/

/O/

the obj. case, being subj. after

-^-^^^-^ in

of wliicli there is blessing/*

JL^*-^ ill

f^^fiiJ

'Amru has sentiments towards

"Verily,
in

/O -

/I

the one with

vices, in all of

S\/

-.*

whom we

which there is a

/I o /o

j/n

//

o/

have three signs of good ser-

final

decree in our favour against

our rivals."
Each one
o

is sufScienfe in itself,

U^'^ a rehit. pron., in the

nom.

case, being pred. (j"-J^) to

the

subj.

j^

under.
/

8 iXxc IxJ ^c., relat.

^k^
*twa2j

*UrJ

clause

*-^'

to u^'*

subj. '^-c pred.

^y^ir^^^i

subj.;

a(]j_ s(,nt.

e?^

to *^

t5* pred.

j/~/~Ja/
''One sign

when they
every

all

tribe.''

'.

ivas the battle

/o

/s/\

fought at the east end of the pas.s,

i\\QVQ was a banner for

came up against us and

223

*i

in

adv. phrase i3j^^

subj., the

'

iiom. ease, bciii'; pied.

J
E

tlie

Aiiotlier reailiiip

Ij

A^-l:"'^-'

&e., a sent. ^^J

S //

Another reading '^^^

saxiMJ

either

the driver or liador

'-,

o 1^-=
o c/ o
o l^

to

>i

'

cent to the
(iii)

iD^^^r^

s.

\jJ

j_y.=^

to

'

&c.

of,

<wV^

).

'Amru bin-Hind, and who

the tribe of Yasbkur

n slrip of

Iriiq, (lit-,

name

the

loss l)y

or Oj^"'

=; vvhen the tribe of Ma'add came.

made an inroad on some camels belonging

were defeated with a

from the tribe of Ghassan, or Shaiban, who

a chiu

(i)

in the obj. case), i)reil.

(Jj

'

,{^j^

nirjfjc'd

Najd adja-

^i) a place in

land between two sindy deserts

or

;)

of a well.

JxJ

of

j;^.,it.

.^,ij_

t;:.

j/n/ jz.//-

52

, 5Ia ^j

to the

of 'j
'^/

^J^y

l^

siil)j.

'/
.*.

or

^ ^^

n/n J

<_^.vS:j (_^A*ili.w>

o/ /o
'

.r-^>

J^

Ma Ma ilikarah, wearing coats

under a Yamanian Chief, as thougli be were a white
stone, /ro/Ji his strength and heaui//.'^
" They as.scmhlcd round Qais

of mail

Most of the commentators say that Qais

is

the son of Ma'di

Karab

father of Al-Ash'ath, one of the kings of Himyar, bnt History dt-nies the
fact,

for,

this

Qais ruled Kindah about the year 600 A. D.

Imraul-Qais, the

oi)inion that Qais is

|)oet,

who about

this time

Soine are of

was wander-

ing from tribe to tribe for refuge from Munzir III, and uniting with some of
made an inroad against the lands of Munzir, but was

the tribe of Taghlib,

overpowered by the tribe of Bakr.

Qais

is

seems probable, however, that this

It

a son of Ma'dikarab's, uncle of luiraul-Qais, the

mentioned by

J j-^

poet,

who

is

not

historians.

obj. of place

u ^'

j^J;*iU-.^ obj. of

J'-^'

lAj^J

also

e^-h*^'-'^'*'

'

<->^^)-

means, "under the protection of a chieftain, as

though he were a coat-of-mail

for

them."

//

^j* the name

prepared

in

of a tree, from the

Yaman

the

relative

leaves of

adjective l?

which a
->"'

is,

t.-inning

solution

therefore, used

anything from Yaman.

The Arabs

of

Yaman

are whiter as to the skin than other Arabs.

is

for

224
//

Or

may bo = belonging

c^-'ir^

known

the country,

to

-'=>^-'

as

'

'i

-'^

in

Yaman.
^iU

Ai!<

*^^^

sent, to cr-*^

f^dj.

3^^'^ (roc^); or

adj. to

^/O/ 5

''

And

//O

'1//

except our

tribe

-^i*^ in the nora. case, being, pred. to

^^-^^^

byj(

= Vj

/
jj,]j

'

under.

or in the gen.

to ^^^.^^ =^ coluitin,

so/
long; or

).

W-^^^ adj. sent, to ^-hJ^-s

^^AA/o

is many a band descended from wellnothing prevented from attaining their

clad in long white sldrts of mail."

whom

case,

second sign

^/;(3

born women,
object,

under.

(/i.'//\

'^'J^'*^

j/

Zi'^

under.;

*^

oy <^j^.^ =^ sioords white

and

'"^^^

a blow, cutting the flesh off the white bones and h^oseu-

ing the muscles.

^/o/

>^^^

also

= possessed

J /o

"
the

/o

of

J^^J

nj

a band of horses.

jj

0/

//

0/

/o///

o^

Bnt we repulsed them with blows

blood

to

jlow

of spears, ivhicli caused

water spurts from a hole in a leathern

as

bottle.'-'
k-^

of

a prep., governing

infin.,

*'*'
'

^j^' Ur
o/o

~^

the following

[J

''And we drove them

to

2:JJ"^^

noun

^"^

being {^ij'^'^'^))

/o/

sent.;

o/

take shelter at the s

//

jj

ummit

n///

of Thahltin

dispersing them, while the thigh-veins were bleeding."

O^t-^ a diptote o^^^x.*:

ji-_

fy,,

j^

^jj

*J;*l-c;

a mouutuiu in

Ilijaz.

J^^^ Imin.
Another
projc'cliiig

part of a

with (^^^

'

and the

))1.

56

^ u;^-^j l^^-* (J

"

t-^^

And wo

'-~-',

wouKl be

c) ^^t^

the

'

in j^cn. case,

like,

nnme

J *

I'*
I

rugged ground; or (>*

introduced

the

really

IjV

J '^' j
'

certain

of a

'j

tendon in the

JJl^b

.-.

Icf^.

Ui" ^J liUi_,

God knows; and for those who

no comipensaiion for their aj'ilt

did with thctn as

destruction, there

conrt

'

'^U^

to

In any of these casen,

hill.

*'"'' the

ejjr^

or

'

ii-.,adv. sent. ol'J'-^

of

Jj*-^^

(i^^-^

readincr (*^^'

bcin;; in app.

^^ij

ci)-ii. obj.

is

blood."
It

is

courting destruction to fight with our tribe.

Their loss was too great to be nninhered, and was known only

As we were

too powerfnl for them, they were

pensation or

make

aL t^U

i-eiat.

God.

retaliation.

a relat. pron. in the gen. case by

^'*

to

unable to claim any com-

clause (^^'^) to

'-*>

the conj. pro.

3 obj.

nnders.

ul

expletive, used covroboratively with the negative '^

*^^^ subj.

57
"

''^^J-*

* i'-^-"

And we

tJ-

u^J^^^

A'

^^
'

struck

pred. (^^=-)

Jr

t5'

tlieni

"*

'^

'^

O^-l^rY"^ ^-'^^^J

on the foreheads with a blow of our

spears, ivhlch were quivering

i)i

bodies, as thu ropes of ihtj

their

buckets quiver in the water of the deep stone-cased well."

/

l^ that of

infin.

^^^ 'Jr*'^
/

sz

'

'*>"

j/

i)

o//

-^^

1^4^^
/

^ /o

')/=.'-'.

'*
And after that wefoxght Hujr, I mean the son of Umini
Qatam, while with him was a Persian band, green Itij reason of
their armour."

29

226
This

the third sign of their bravery and devotion to 'Amrii-bin-Hind.

is

Hnji-, one of the chieftains of Kindah, vassals of the kings of

Who marched

Himyar,

king of Al-Hairah, Imra-nl-Qais III, son of

Miinzir III, and grandfati\er of 'Amru-bin-Hind, who lived about the year
493 A.D. The tribe of Yashkur went with the king of Al-Hairah to meet

whom

Hiijr

to fight the

they defeated.

of their iron coats-of-m:iil and helmets.

-
=

Lr^^

D-ord. with

&c

'"'j

(*

/*

adv. sent, of

?"

s^x^^li

"Be

if

being

tJ*^-''

pi-ed. to

but here used as a

^jj

under.

a savage, tawn}' lion, and as the

in war,

generous in times of

distress.

the snbj.

under., so also ^iij

J*

s//
(adj. to "^-^

i_r^-**

Also

under.}

(J

'J'*

And we

after his

jjn/

^'^^'i'

^'^'O

dust for want of rain.

in

Vide line 40 of

'.

Poem VI.

o/o

j-M

/n/

])lirase

his captivity

^o the following

Ihc

abounding

dj

/o///

sbruck off the fetters of Imra-nl-Qais from him,

imprisonment and

'^*^ ubi. of time,

a year

'ji ;= having young cubs.

instance of the figure

j//n

==

treading with a gentle sound.

Another reading

infill.

f*-^

'-y>-^

Au

or being

the times of famine became oppressive."

o/

of

4>.s!

^j*-^) by a poetic license.

s jj
?

was brave

[tvefotir/ht] aniier.

loas a lion in battle,

spring,

He

J '^

noun is^-^

to Sf-Ji^^, or

.^fij

/O//
^^^"^^^

in the preceding line.

^^^ an indeclinable

declinable one

"

case by the verb

obj

in the

appeared green on account

a Persian army, which

Hujr had

It is said that

= *^-'*^'j

had been very long."

noim
/

*~*^ J^J= '^*^

sent.,

introduced by ^^

227
brother of 'Aiiiiu-biii-HiiuI and son of Miiiizir

Tmiiiul-Qiiis,
Wiis taken

'Aiuru

march

a captive at the

him

set

biitth:

free with

III,

wlio

of llaleemah, wherein hisfallior was killed.

the assistance of

of Baler durnig

tlio tribe

liis

to Syria to avon.ii:e the lienth of his father.

61

1^'

*'_>Ji>

"And

-I

lt.JI^

with Jown,

9 J

'>!''>

o^ii;

Jown

.-.

of the

c->=='''

///

t^j

Ows, there was a

of

ti-iho

o/o

^^J u^^

ill

truculent band, as though they were stroug-btaked eagles."

c)J^

in app.

* \j c

tf" 1^

* 'j'>> also

UJ?

(J '^0 with

'iy^ intensive

adj. sent, to '^y^^

= a

'

to ^^^^^ nnder.

adj.

Subj. to the pred.

aJ^

'i"^'

large rock.

by the tribe of Taghlil)

Ows, one of their clans; and so the neighbours of AlIlairah fought with them about the year 550 A.D.
iii^^ one of the chieftains of K.inilah, appointed

as a governor on

We

did not affect grief under the dust of war,

turned round scattered, and when the

^^'

obj. of place

l^j

&c., a sent. ^^J

HiU

JUx)

'

to i

(cJ ^^Jr^

^j^

'

cogn. obj. ((i^^-* J^-aA5) to 'j-'j.

nec^s for fir; ht and the

''

when they

of loar flamed up."

(cj^*-" o^J=).

Another reading t^'^^ Ij^j

63

fire

*Uii.Jl

And we

revenging

fire (,f

li^j

war

^^^

'

^'j-i

j-i"

.*.

him the king

when

"

When they

turned their

j^rew hot."

5131 ^*^^

killed /or

Munzir^

^t^

the

'^^^^.

c>lc

vj

iS^J'^J"

of the Ghassau, forcibly

blood could

not be measured

out iu revenge."

We

revenged Munzir when others

Mnnzir had been

were unable or refused

killed b\ the Ihint Gha.ss;'ui.

to

do

so.

228
referring to '^^^ ^^.jj*^, secondary dative obj.

VJ

being the direct

>

obj
/

..

a diptote ui/'^-i'O j^.^

^-""S

tu

^*_^^

for

ii>

obj. of speciticfttion. (^i-*-'

'

and

*-i*^*

consider this to be the third sign referred to in line 60.

Some

to the killing of one

sion

is

the

Lame appointed

as the

was overcome by 'Amru

of the

chiefs

commander of his army. The Ghassauian chief

who scattered his army. He was subse-

allies,

the tribe of Yashkur, in revenge for Munzir.

j/-t/njjin/

/o

"And we

brought to them nine noble

from whom was very valuable."

^4> in (^^ l-i-hJ

J in/ jj /n /

H^

^^j

it .

'

princes, the

refers to the kings of Al-Hairah,

an adj. sent, to

j<>>^'*-'

and

the tribe of Asad.

J/0///E/
"

And we

That

time,
is,

we

plunder

^^*

n;^.

Jj*^

'If

^ ^'O

j-/o///

/o

^^

'

pi-

of

^^

The allusion is to the sons of Ilujr, father of Imra-ul-Qais,

who were sought for by Munzir and })Ut to death, after Hujr was

little

allu-

biii-IIind,

quently killed by 'Amru's

taken

The

whom AUHarith

of Ghassan,

the poet,
killed

by

/- /0/0//0///

/O

caused the birth of 'Amru-bia-Ummi lyas after a

when the marriage

gift

was brought

inarried hinj to a daughter of our tribe,

'Aniru was born, who

is

to

us.'-*

from which union

thus our nephew.

'Amru, son of Hnjr, grandfather of 'Amru-bin-Iiind, whose father had

married Ummi lya's, daughter of 'Owf, son of Mohsiilam, of the tribe of

Bakr from Bani Tha'labah.

^ij*
13 i^j

adj. to

(i>

J apodosis

^^j under.
to ^*^

" Such a relationsJtip as this results in friendship to the

people closely connected, being like a desert, in front of which
there are deserts."

This would appear to mean tlirtt when n Chief of a tribe selected a wife
tribe, fiioiulshi|) between the two triheH would bo tiie result
iiud not only this, but each tribe would consider the friends of the other

from imothcr

amongst

tribe

m^AS

ist

^ pred.

ije

J
I

li.-'

ur* suhj.

to

j^,]j.

(^ftj

"Then put away,

and
is

if

O/i

'^k'^

^^^

).

2>a?i./'

under.

o/ ///
I^^^Uij

(^'i^ l*j^-"

scut, to 5-'*

la.

a:

translated as " friendship " in this hne.

{ji^

^^(ill^ijO (^^

67

^ys.^ Sec, sent. pred.

\^^K-^

^i,j. {

A:s-?:'^-'

friends.

its

~/=

Ulj ^cijJJlj

.'.

TdgJilib, pride

you must be acting iguorautly, then

o-

>J;l2Jl

..>o/_

l^5'^j(

and cncroaclimeut
in

ignorance there

disease."
the

l^i^*-^j\

final

(s ought

Another reading (/^

o/

to

by '^O^^'), but for

obj. case

'**-'

and would, he read with

i^being in

by

introduced

subj
/

e;l

being

^^'*'

of*

pred.

is^, &c.,

a sent,

apodosis to

ui

and

(^'^l*-^-'

^^^

).

U = U^
I

by

the

lj.ilxX) jussive

'

*''^-'

'^

necessity of the metre.

tlie

where '^

"And remember

is

expletive.

at Zil-Majaz,

the oath

and what was pre-

sented there from hostages and promises;"

Bakr and Taghhb agreed upon peace at Zil-Majaz, a phice
'Amrn-hin-IIiud took promises
fair was held.
and hostages from them upon their good behaviour.

The

tribes of

near Mecca, where a great

'*

arelat. prou., obj., co-ord. to '-^'^

(^^

passive velat. clause

'ij*''

and *^**^'

'

^''^

to

in ajip. with ^^

230

"

111

order to avoid tyranny and aggres&ion

ftmcies break the covenant wvitten in the official

This

is

ci-;^J

j<^^Infin.

i/

j^l^-fti^il

the

in

obj.

and will false

documents?"

or interrogative of appeal.

case,

being

*'

J^*^-

^'^Mn the preceding

to

line.

Another instance of

ti>-h*'^^-'

o /O

Another reading <d^^

'

'j <i>^

for fear of treachery.

in// o /n/ /0//0

//

.,

//

"And know

jj

zi

/=

j/o

we and you in that, which we made condiwe bound ourselves by oaths, are equal."

that

tions about on the day

The

conditions are equally binding on us both.

f*^klj'-^

'

&c., a noun, sent, introduced by

^ and /^'jI in the

J

obj.

case, being

'

obj. to ^J*^^

;,

subj. after

w'; the

pred.

being

.o //^
''

by the prep,

a relafc. pron. in the gen. case

relat. clause ( '"'^

(>ji obj.

ing sent.

of time

'-^^>^-=>-l

{<^J^^

the conj. pion.

^i^

J^^^'O

c*''^-/-^'

c^'

being the

under.

oljj.,

'-^J^)

^^i^j^-^l

o''^-* to the follow-

J /-

/n J

'^

Oj//=oj/3/s://

" Yo7t ac^ in opposition, falsely and oppressively, as the deer

are sacrificed, in place of sheep from the fold of the flock,"

The Arabs

times were accustomed to hunt and

in old

instead of sacrificing the sheep, which they

l-^-^
.

/ /

\xi

Infin.,

in the

obj.

case,

being cog. obj.

={j/

^^y*.>

(=

you oppose

Jlirtj adj. to ^^^^

us,)

had vowed

under.

^ J
so also UiJa

kill a

wild

goal

to sacrifice.

i}^^-^

J ^'^'^

) ,

to

2;n

U
&:c.

(AjjvX^/o)

O^-;:^-'

O^-^-?^-'

72

jp,

^,j^,^,j.

hr^^ U^

'

*'>sr'l

'^-^

'->'='

noun

a eollectivo

'

y^^

r^c:!

f^j^

y*-^

sent,

^^

for sliccp in

j''-^

to the following

pjjrnificiition

fold.

.-.

jtJ

iio.ii'

(ijl

-Ui.

VyiX\

" Are we responsible for the crime of the tribe of Kiudah, that
and must the fine he paid by us ? *'

their warriors plundered yon

^M^^

pi-c.l,

SJ.aS'

(^^)
o

(elliptical for

(l'>^^^).

^^J^J

^i*^^

anil

u^

for that), introducing the following

syncopated form of the

^sy^

sul)j.

aiptote i^j^^^j^.^^ for

^^

(i>

^Ia^^

to

pi.

t^O

noun

sent.

Here the poet proceeds to reproach the Taghlabians sarcastically concerning certain campaigns which they had lost with disgrace and much loss.

The

allusion

to the

is

by the king to the

latter had refused

''

Kindah for the demand of revenue, which the

to pay, were killed with impunity.

^/o/T
73

campaign, wherein some people of Taglilib, sent

tribe of

*l.v^

i/jo

^1 li^s-*

^^Js:'. iiAJ

Or are wo responsible for the

hung to the centre

the burdens are

That

is,

you make us responsible

business to bear
= /jT

d*^*^

for

...

/ /

Ur

^IjI

///o//o/
^JJ^

liAj.e

^\

sin of the tribe of lyad, as

of the burthened camel."

a weight of sin which we have no

?
/ /

adj. to <-'-^-''; under.

Another reading jj^'^

/

Another reading
J =

>i

'1/

^^*-'

/ /

''Those struck

'

../

(^j^

5/n/

with

nor Jandal, nor Uixzzda."

/ /

crime of the peojjle.

o/ //

the sword are not of

^ - /jt 2

u.S;

nor

is

/o/

Qais,

232
^j^,_jj_^s

passive part., intensive, subj. to ijr^.'

^-^ pred. after

o*--'

These are

who were put

Taghlib,

cliiefs of

so also

^jr't-

&c.

to death

by Munzir

father

III,

of 'Amni-bin-Hind, for taking share in a rebellion.

^i/joo

*'

Or are we

c/o

o/o,

//

n /

responsible for the crimes of Bani ^Ateeq, for

we

are quit of the parties of such ones as act treacherously."

We

have nothing to do with treacherous people; hinting that the Tagh-

libs are treacherous.

/

k^'^^ subj.
O '-)/

^1 '^-^'c)

J'^'-i jussive,
..

^^

to

pred. ( j":^

ti,e

^j^

being

o /

/.

&e., a sent, apodosis

* '^-^

to

/^
^'

subj. after oil

and *

^/

Another reading
yon,
*

if

1^-?

I /

/ /

u*

j^o

('j'^'^ i^- 1*^"^^ U

Lr'^-'

introduced by

of LfJ^-) pred.

'^t" (pi.

jj,n

/
Ij

=; fhen verily we are quit of

you act treacherously.

an infiu. used as an

Or ^'^^ syncopated form

^

76

utuler.

'^^i^*

in

>Uy

z,

J J

adj.,

jj 5

t^'fcjj'i.^

and as of common gender and number.

of *'
/

fj^

nr

^l-^j

.-.

--Sllj

/ r,
/
J / ' /
^^*J i^^ i:)yUi
J

''
Aud eighty warriors of the tribe of Tameem attacked you,
while in their hands were spears, whose blades were fate."

Eighty men of the

tribe of

Tameem under 'Amru, one

of the tribes of

Sa'di-Manat, attacked a party of Ban! Qatan from Bani Taghlib, called

Bani Razah, inhabiting a place called Nita' near Bahrain, and utterly
destroyed them.

O^

U'j

ill

the nom. case, being subj. to ^)j^^

^'"^J (^H'^i- adj. sent, to

* ^'^^

U*

;j ^-^

iDJ^'-*-^',

^^^;

adj. sent, to ^^-^ j

'

imders.

sbj.; f*t^*^-

pred.

233

"They

made

d livers

TiOjIilib,)

of the

caniel-

jx'uplc deaf.''

tJie

many camels

that

irrcat

to

hatl

he

cinijloyed to

it.

U^.

-U

pass. part}, ohj. ol'J''^ to ^'^

'=

Auotlicr readinu' u^.^^

I^i:-

^i^ ^^j

.\nother

reailiii<r

iliivers is deut'eueti

in the jtass.

|*'^
.o'.,

vV

sent, to

j^.ij.

Or

^^ archil,

in the

nom.

"-^*-H' relat. clause, (*^^)

^.'c. f-xplanatory of

* ^j':^ idso

which the

sliotitina:

of the camel-

triumph

in victory

over you the

for

the

sin

of Haneefab, or for

collected from warriors."

lias

pron.,

l)y

lost.

a diptotc <3j'^^'^ j^.^ for

afijkia.

in tiie roar of their

we responsible

are

what the earth

slioiituig.

shouting of the camel-drivers nas

''

cut to pieces, and returue<l

irhilc tlio j/na/ ^mh/ /o?((Z sbonting-

was so

The booty
cariv

{Ua\U

left thoin,

plunder,

witli

^'^

= the year

to

'^i^ ^^

and

h.*^'^

cise, bein;^ subj.

^'^

'

the conj. pron. *;

'^'-^-J^

o'jj

>

to

the pred.

under.

of f:unine.

Here the poet artfully instigates 'Amru-bin-Ilind ajrainst Bani Taghlili,

reminding him of tlie murder of his father Munzir III. by Shammar, son of
'Amru, one of Bani Haneefah, allies of Bani Tagldib. Shammar's mother
being a Gliassiinian, he assassinated Munzir for his having made war on
the tribe of Ghassan.
J

79

f\'^_\

/ /

I^As^

/o//

U^J

tj^ii-e

" Or are we responsible

nay,

we have no
30

0/O////J

tj*

.*.

>:-'

/'

-Jflwii

^^e-

/o//o/
^^^}^

'

|*

for the crime of the tribe of Quza'at

share iu the sins they committed."

234
HclJ^s

(*

'

'^

aiptote oj.'^i^^-^-c for ^?:J^J and

.^

i-^-?

nay.

of infin.
o

'^.*^

1^^^ U^

^^^ l/'

(*ich

o/
pi. of *'>J.

*''^-?'

o/

Another reading

i'^-'

//
( ])1.

'

of

(_5'^-'j

stains, or evil

consequences.

Quza'ah had made a raid ou Taglihb.

jx /o

80

jf

j>j

o/

^o^i

*t.i)i

//

/->^-'

-/

/o// o/

i>u^^^i\^j^^^y^^'

.-.

" Or are we responsible for the crime of lyad, mucli

^arne

way

refused

for

to

as

was said

it

submit

the

to

to

Tasm

Icing,

'^

It /s

in the

your brother who

and you must

responsible

be

it."

Tasm was held responsible for the disobedience

who refused to pay revenue to the liing.
j/ n

/ /

S/

Oj

> 'j-^j )lj *'^''i

81

of his brother

OjO///

/ r,/

y^

f*-^.^

(*^'

Jadeos

o/o/i/-j

i:;^*^y^:! Ij^^

(*^

''Then they, Bam Toghlib, came seeking the recovei-y of

but neither a black camel nor a white camel was

f.hdr property,

returned to them.'^
-

cJ^^'tV^'*'^ adj. sent, of

* '-^^j^J*** "^ also

"They
mittal of

^-^^

= sheep, with black spots and white

Bah', our

{i.e.,

to the implied snbj. of 'j '^

tribe)

did not

unlawful acts against

ground about

make

s])Ots.

lawful the com-

Bani Razah

in

the

stony

Nita', while they uttered a curse against them.''

It was not our,butyour, tribe who committed a crime against Bant Razah
by betraying them into the hands of their enemies.

'j;

Ls'^-!

one of the sub-tribes of Taghlib.

/o/
f-^h-^ a diptotc

fix

J,

^^x[

^j.j

tJ^-a^^^^-c for 3^j>-*^

r^^[^,_

^gjjt

of J^-=^;

"-^^ '.

>^o

suhj. to the

predYH'^

235

(^

to

(*<i^ lel'urs

111

" Tlieu they,

';j

and

i/^J

in

(t-^

to V"^*^ <^^^

attached the Baui Ruzah, turned back from

v:]io

their object with a misfortune breaking the back, while water

did not (juench their great thirst."

Ban! Taghlib were obliged to
never obtained

V to

give

from

a transitive signification to

their object

owing

to defeat

an d

'j

'^

..

&.*^lji jidj. to

'^^i^j

desist

revenge.

tlieir

^-J:*

'

(calamity), under.

'^

Sec, adv. sent, of

" Then after that

^=^

t/oh

introduced by

were attached

under 'Allaq where there

w^as

no

pity,

'^' 'j

'j

h)j a band of cavalry

and no preserving you

alice.^'

He showed

you no mercy,

'^^.^ subj. to |^^J^'

^j

and

^^J
,

Oh

Bant Taghlib.

= Came

to you), under.

subj. to (*r vvad. (^'^^ )

^'Iji.' &c.,adj. seat, to

Ji*

Al-Gallaq or AI-'Allaq, the keeper of the camels of Nu'man bin Munzir,

from the tribe of Tameem, or of Ilanzalah, [according to some commentators.)
lib,

lie was sent

when they

tribe of

by 'Amru-bin-Hind with a band to the country of Taghhim in carrying out his revenge against the

refused to assist

Ghassan.

/r

85

*t*-.ii *i>c

^j

nji

(^^ o.iJ

/
I

X//3

//

ij^i^

..

^iA.^_^Ui

/|/T///
(J^Jixj

u>;i*i

''By such a deed we got supremacy over the people until

son of the " Rain of the Heaven " enjoyed supremacy."

j\runzirj

u^. in appos.

(J

'^'.)

with j '^^'

'

236
*UM.'l in the gen. case,
5__^-i

instead of

'''"^
,

being

'V'

the established

instance of the defect in the

ryhme

*->

'^^i and

'^j^

so *

the iSJj

of the (ji"JJ of the

called *'^^

here has

poem.

An

86
^'He
in

is

the Chief, and the

witness upon ichat

happened

the day of the battle of Khayaraia, while the trial of our

was a severe

hraverij

trial.'^

*oL' ^ilJlj adv. sent, of

'=>'
,

introduced by

J ^== j

Khayarain or Ilavarain, a scene of

fought with 'Amru bin Elind or his father Munzir.
Hayarain, or

'

'

battle,

therein

Bakr

END OF THE SEVENTH POEM.

4.^

THE

END^

/?3

ERRATA.
Inti-oductive

Page XIV.,

line 13, /or "uustability

" read "insta-

bility.'^

Page XXII.,
Page

line b,for "

Thaglibians "

rectxl

" Taghlibians."

for "parted" read " departed."

/or " or " rea(i " and."

3, line 20,

,,

15

,,

12, o?>ii7 the full-stop at the end.

19, mseri "the" 6e/ore "Yemani.'*
21, omt7 "a" 5e/ore "rough,"
,,

26
29
40
50

54

6,

/or " keep " reaf? " keeps."

68

1,

/or

82

6,

,,

84

,,

14,

18

7,

19, /or ''its" reat/ ''their."

,,

and 22, read "of whom the stars are as if they

were tied by strongly twisted rope to Mount

21

Yazbul."

27, after

"me"

"they"

insert a

rea(Z

*'

comma.

it."

"^Ab" reac? '"Abs."

omii "comma" at end of

/or

line.

103
132

29,/or ^ajI reafZ (*l<>^l

16,/or "linel9" mtt? "line 21."

151
,, 163

15, /or "established" reacZ "settled."

20, after " Dii'mee

''

insert in italics

"the answer

to the question."

187
223
223

7,

/or "protosis'* rearf "protasis."

after " inroad " insert " to capture."

8,

omit the

2,

"a"

he/ore "loss."

23, 12t* /or 12.

23, 17t*/or 17.

16

20, for jiji readyy.

21

10, /or

33

23, read semicolon at the end.

age 43, line 3, /or

r,

49

53

.,

85

^i*^^

96

,,

134

10, /or

143

144

U^

IGO

and /or
I

^i Lki. i

i^-'

/o/

/o/o

5,

*lo.i^i)l

?-eaf?

omit " 4^1^^ J and."

/o

o/o

12, for o^lft^i reafZ ^l^^l

^1 /
O /
22, /or i_si^ read ^s^A

1 2,

,;

170

4,

194

b,

2,

12,

,,

/or J^ J rear/ J*"' j

read a

'

'-eacZ

comma

/or >^Oi

/or 5s*^

r^-af^

^^"^

-^O*
I

/Oj

202
203

o<3.is
10, /or oo, rearf

0/

-1//

203

10, for ^>^'^ read <^^'^

203

25, /or

t^J !^:' reftfZ (^

205

20, /or

l*^^

reaci

'

at the end.

rear? ^s*^

/Oj
.,

>fti

ijj

23, for v^*-^

183

183

'eart cj

for c)*^^
^

169

{*>>

it's rect'i its.

*t^i5/l

/O/

/O/

/_

c)^

reacZ

28, /or i^Jt read

8,/or

(>**"
O

20, for u^* read

19, for

read

i>^*-''

'

j*^.

U*^

'

read

>i

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