T-Scan User Manual

T-Scan User Manual
c o m p u t e r i z e d o c c l u s a l a na l y s i s s ys t em
12/14/05
T-Scan II User Manual (Rev I)
T-Scan User Manual
v. 8.1x
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12/14/05
T-Scan II User Manual (Rev I)
Table of Contents
WELCOME TO T-SCAN .........................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 6
HARDWARE & INSTALLATION ...............................................................................................................7
COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 7
EVOLUTION COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................................................. 7
SENSORS .................................................................................................................................................... 8
EVOLUTION HARDWARE INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................ 11
SOFTWARE ...................................................................................................................................... 13
MAIN SOFTWARE VIEWS................................................................................................................................. 13
MAIN MENU .............................................................................................................................................. 19
PATIENT LIST WINDOW .............................................................................................................................. 28
"PATIENT RECORD" WINDOW .......................................................................................................................... 30
ARCH, ARCH OUTLINE & EMBRASURE LINES ......................................................................................................... 33
FORCE OUTLIERS ........................................................................................................................................ 34
CENTER OF FORCE TRAJECTORY ........................................................................................................................ 36
GRAPHS ................................................................................................................................................... 37
OCCLUSION & DISCLUSION TIME ...................................................................................................................... 41
KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS ................................................................................................................................. 42
SOFTWARE UPDATES..................................................................................................................................... 43
SCANS ............................................................................................................................................ 45
SCAN TYPES .............................................................................................................................................. 45
PERFORMING A SCAN .................................................................................................................................... 47
REVIEWING A SCAN ...................................................................................................................................... 50
INCLUDING NOTES WITH A SCAN ....................................................................................................................... 53
ATTACHING AN IMAGE TO A SCAN ...................................................................................................................... 53
CREATING A REPORT .................................................................................................................................... 54
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................... 58
DENTRIX G5 INTEGRATION FUNCTIONALITY .......................................................................................................... 58
BIOEMG INTEGRATION MODULE ...................................................................................................................... 62
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA ................................................................................................................................... 64
THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE SUPPORT DATA ............................................................................................................ 64
WARRANTY INFORMATION .............................................................................................................................. 65
MEDICAL EVOLUTION-BASED CERTIFICATIONS STANDARDS & SAFETY............................................................................. 66
GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................................... 71
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T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)
iii
WELCOME TO T-SCAN
Technical Support
Support is available Monday through Friday from 8:30am - 7:00pm EST.
Phone support: (617) 464-4500 or (800) 248-3669 x359 (USA and Canada)
Email Support: support@tekscan.com
Fax Support: (617) 464-4266
Website: www.tekscan.com
Mail: Tekscan, Inc. 307 West First Street. South Boston, MA 02127-1309
Tekscan, Inc. will provide technical assistance for any difficulties you may experience using your T-Scan system for 90
days from the system shipping date. After 90 days, Tekscan offers annual Technical Support and System Maintenance
Plans or customer support at our standard rates per incident. An incident is defined as one single issue or problem.
Product Feedback
Your feedback about our software is welcomed. Please email any feedback to: marketing@tekscan.com
Contact Tekscan for additional T-Scan sensors. Standard sensors are available in two sizes; small and large. Contact us
for current pricing and availability.
Copyright 2012 by Tekscan, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any
form or by any means without the prior written permission of Tekscan, Inc., 307 West First Street, South Boston, MA
02127-1309.
Tekscan, Inc. makes no representation or warranties with respect to this manual. Further, Tekscan, Inc. reserves the
right to make changes in the specifications of the product described within this manual at any time without notice
and without obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes.
T-Scan is a registered trademark of Tekscan, Inc.
Microsoft Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
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INTRODUCTION
This manual describes how to use Tekscans T-Scan system. T-Scan is a reliable and easy-to-use clinical diagnostic
device that senses and analyzes occlusal contact forces using paper-thin, disposable sensors. The T-Scan system comes
with a full-featured Patient File Management system, which makes storing patient records and tracking occlusal scans
simple, and makes the system an integral component of the clinical workstation for occlusal diagnosis and treatment.
The T-Scan Occlusal Analysis system can be incorporated into your office in the following ways:
Hygiene
Initial Patient Exam
Identify Premature Contacts
Achieve Bilateral Simultaneity
Anytime you use Articulation Paper
Increase Implant Longevity
Establish Anterior Guidance
Case Finishing
Patient Education/Documentation
The T-Scan system is a valuable tool that aids in the diagnostic process of analyzing a patient's bite and showing what is
and what is not functioning properly. When a bite is unstable it can cause pain, teeth and dental restorations to crack
and break, gum disease, tooth loss, headaches, and TMJ Disorder.
The T-Scan software offers features that allow the user to:
Scan the patients occlusal contact data

View the patients tooth contacts and associate them with specific teeth
Analyze the data, with the force and time relationships of the contacts displayed as color contour images
showing:
o
o
o
o
Instant MA (Maximum Area Frame)

Center of Force
Center of Force Trajectory
More advanced features, such as: Max, Graph, Graph Zoom and 3D Force Columns
Manage patient records and scan files through the use of an intuitive database
The T-Scan system is comprised of the Microsoft (MS) Windows-based T-Scan software, the associated hardware, and
patented Tekscan sensors. The systems versatility allows you to copy occlusal contact data (as an image) and paste it
into other Windows applications, or to create a PDF report that can be printed or sent out via email.
This manual provides a thorough description of the systems features and capabilities. Follow the Quick Start section as
a guideline, and refer to specific sections for more detailed instructions on how to use each feature.
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HARDWARE & INSTALLATION

This section presents instructions for hardware installation, and also provides the system requirements necessary to
support the T-Scan Occlusal Diagnostic system.
COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS
For your T-Scan system to function properly, it is recommended that your computer meet or exceed the following
minimum requirements:
Windows 7
Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor, or newer (Intel
Celeron Processors are not recommended)
2gb RAM
5gb of disk space
Dedicated video card
T-Scan is certified to run on Apple computers using VMware Fusion 5 or Parallels Desktop 7. To sufficiently run TScan in a virtualized system, we recommend the following minimum requirments:
MacBook Pro 13" or larger (early 2011 models and newer)
8gb RAM
75gb of disk space
T-Scan can also run on an iMac or Mac Mini, similarly configured.
EVOLUTION COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION

The following table provides a view of all the components that ship with your T-Scan Evolution System:
Evolution Handle
(10) Small Sensors (Part # ZSEN (2501) T1-HD)

and (10) Large Sensors (Part # ZSEN (2001) T1-HD)
(2) Small Sensor Supports (Part # ZSEN-SUPPORT-SM)

and (2) Large Sensor Supports (Part # ZSEN-SUPPORT-LG)
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System Software
User Manual
Evolution System Carrying Case
Optional:
Practice Marketing Kit
USB Cable length can be extended to 30 or 45

ft. with the following optional components:
(1) 4-Port USB 2.0 Powered Slim Hub for PC
(1) or (2) additional 15 ft. USB Cable(s)
SENSORS
The T-Scan sensor is an ultra-thin (.004", 0.1 mm), flexible printed circuit that detects your patients occlusal forces.
These sensors are made up of 1370 active pressure sensing locations for the large sensor (#2001), and 1122 pressure
sensing locations for the small sensor (#2501). These sensing locations are referred to as sensing elements, or
sensels. The sensels are arranged in rows and columns on the sensor. Each sensel can be seen as an individual
square on the computer screen by selecting the 2D display mode.
Note: The T-Scan sensor should not be cut. Cutting the sensor would expose the patient to the
sensor's interior, and would allow saliva, other liquids and foreign material to enter the sensor.
The following shows the small (left) and
large (right) T-Scan Sensor:
The following shows the small (left) and large (right) T-Scan
Sensor Support:
Note: Sensor supports are not interchangeable. The small support must be used with the small
sensor, and the large support with the large sensor.
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Sensor Specifications
Large Sensor (#2001):
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Small Sensor (#2501):
Sensor Maintenance and Care
The same sensor can be used on the same patient across multiple sessions, and it is recommended that sensors
be cleaned with a 70% Isopropyl Alcohol solution between each use. To do this, slightly dampen a cloth with
the alcohol solution, careful not to soak or saturate the cloth. Then wipe the sensor. The same sensor should
not be used on different patients. Sensors are disposable after their useful life. Research has proven that our
sensors can be used approximately 15-25 times each while still retaining our high standards of reliability.
The T-Scan scanning handle cannot be sterilized but may be wrapped in plastic wrap for isolation from the
patient. The sensor supports can be autoclaved or placed in cold sterilization liquid. The sensors, sensor
supports, and handle can be cleaned by wiping them down with isopropyl alcohol swabs or cloth dampened
with isopropyl alcohol. Care should be taken not to oversaturate the cloth.
Sensors should always be stored flat in either the box in which they were shipped, or some other protective
cover. Improper storage can adversely affect sensor life.
Sensor Replacement/Disposal: Always dispose of sensors in accordance with Federal and State guidelines
pertaining to medical biohazardous waste.
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EVOLUTION HARDWARE INSTALLATION

The Evolution Handle gathers the data from the sensor and processes it so that it can be sent to the computer. The
buttons on the sensor handle may also be used to start or stop a scan.
The following displays the buttons and their
functionality for the Evolution Handle:
The following shows an image of the Evolution

Handle with attached USB cable:
The following label is printed on all Evolution Handles

displaying the compliancy, model number, warnings
and parameters:
Sensor OK Green LED Indicator: A green light here indicates that the sensor is correctly inserted into the
handle and a new scan can be opened.
Scan Mode Green LED Indicator: A green light here indicates that the sensor is scanning force data and
transferring that data to your computer.
New Scan Button: This will open a new scan window in the software, so that you can begin scanning force
data.
Scan Start & Stop Button: Use this button to start a scan or stop a scan that is in progress.
Power Green & Yellow LED Indicator: When yellow, this light indicates that the handle is receiving power,
but is not yet initialized. When Green, this light indicates that the handle is receiving power and has been
initialized by the computer (i.e.: the device shows up under the Windows device manager).
Inserting a sensor into the Evolution Handle

1. Select a sensor support (either large or small to match the sensor to be used with the patient).
2. Insert the sensor support into the Evolution Handle,
with the sensor support's central locating pointer facing
in the "up" position.
3. The Evolution Handle has a latch on its topside. In the
"up" position, the latch retracts the contact pins inside
the handle to allow insertion of the sensor tab. Ensure
that the Evolution Handle latch is lifted to the upward
position.
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4. Slide the sensor tab (with This Side UP facing upwards) under the central pointer on the support, through the
middle of the support, and into the handle. Slide the sensor in until it reaches its mechanical stop. Do not
force the sensor into the handle!
5. Close the latch completely to its downward position; flush with the Handle.
Connecting the Handle to the Computer
Once the sensor is inserted into the handle, connect the attached USB cable to the computers USB port. Your computer
should automatically detect the new hardware and configure it. If the driver is not found, insert the Tekscan software CD
that came with your system and have the computer locate the driver on your CD. Then follow the on-screen instructions.
After following this procedure and starting the software, the message on a new scan window should read "Sensor OK."
If the message is "MISALIGNED," re-insert the sensor using the above procedure.
Caution! Do not allow the handle to hang from the sensor. The handle may become damaged,
resulting in a misaligned sensor.
Evolution Handle Maintenance and Care
The Evolution Handle cannot be autoclaved.

Do not let any liquid drip onto the electronics inside the handle. If this occurs, the handle will stop working
and must be allowed to dry for 24 hours. You can use your air syringe, however, to reduce this drying time. Do
not attempt to dry out the handle using any other method, or you may destroy the delicate electronics.
To properly clean the device, be sure to wipe down the handle and sensor supports with a 70% Isopropyl
Alcohol solution. To do this, slightly dampen a cloth with the alcohol solution, careful not to soak or saturate
the cloth. Then wipe the handle and sensor supports after each use.
Evolution Handle Specifications

COMMUNICATION/DATA ACQUISITION:
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL TO HOST COMPUTER
SCAN SPEED
DIGITAL PRESSURE RESOLUTION
ELECTRICAL:
POWER SOURCE
POWER CONSUMPTION
USB CABLE:
LENGTH in (mm)
WEIGHT lbs (kgs)
HANDLE ENCLOSURE:
SIZE LxWxH in (mm)
OPEN LEVER HEIGHT in (mm)
WEIGHT lbs (kgs)
AMBIENT OPERATING CONDITIONS:
o
o
TEMPERATURE: F ( C)
HUMIDITY: %
PRESSURE: psi (kPa)
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT CONDITIONS:
o
o
TEMPERATURE: F ( C)
HUMIDITY: %
PRESSURE: psi (kPa)
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USB 1.1 or 2.0 Compatible, 12 Mbps

Up to 100 Hz (~500 Hz with Turbo Mode).
8 BIT
Host Computers USB BUS
200mA MAX at 5V
180 (4572)
0.40 (0.18)
5.42x2.25x1.88 (137.7x57.2x47.6)
4.30 (109.2)
0.40 (0.18)
14 to 131 (-10 to 55) Prolonged use at high
Temperatures should be avoided
0 to 90 (non condensing)
1.7 to 14.7 (11.6 to 101.3) (sea level to 50,000 ft.)
-4 to 131 (-20 to 55) Short-Term
41 to 104 (5 to 40) Long-Term
0 to 90 (non condensing)
1.7 to 14.7 (11.6 to 101.3) (sea level to 50,000 ft.)
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SOFTWARE
This section is an overview of the components that make up the software.
MAIN SOFTWARE VIEWS

The Main Window consists of the Title Bar, Menu, Toolbar, Scan Page View, 2D and 3D ForceView, Occlusal Time
Table, Graph, and Navigation Bar. The Main Window, and its components, is shown in the figure below.
Title Bar
Each window has a Title Bar along the top, which displays the name (Title) of that window. Each Title Bar has the usual
MS Windows control button at the left end, and Minimize, Maximize and Close buttons at the right end (see figure
above). Only one window may be active at any one time.
Menu
The Menu provides the pull-down menus used to control the T-Scan program. Each Menu Bar option is described in
detail in the Main Menu section. Some menu items contain shortcuts that can be used on the keyboard. Refer to the
Keyboard Shortcuts section for a complete list of shortcuts.
Toolbar
The Toolbar is where you will find easy access to most of the common tasks performed in the software. Not all Toolbar
functions are available at all times. For example, if you've already saved a scan, the "Save" icon is unavailable and is
"grayed out" (as shown below).
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Toolbar icons also have "Tool Tips" associated with them. When the cursor remains over an
icon for a brief period, the "Tool Tip" will appear under the cursor location (shown right).
The following provides an explanation of the options found on the Toolbar:
Patient List: Opens the Patient List dialog, where you can add, edit, and delete
patient records, and open or delete patient scans.
Patient Avatar: Displays the patient's gender. The icon displays a male face for male records, or a female face
for female records.
Patient Name & Patient ID: The patient's full name is listed on the top, and if they have an ID associated with
their record, the ID is listed on the bottom below the name.
Save Recording: If a scan has been taken, this icon becomes visible. To save the scan, press this button. Scans
are automatically saved under the Patient Record.
Scan Type: Associate a procedure to the scan. Refer to the Scan Types section for further information.
Add Images: Allows you to attach Images to the scan. Refer to the Attaching an Image to a Scan section for
further information.
Add Notes: Use this option to add notes that are associated to the scan. Refer to the Including Notes with a
Scan section for further information.
BioPAK: If BioPAK is installed on your computer, this button opens the BioEMG software module to allow for a
connection between the scan within T-Scan and BioEMG. Refer to the BioEMG Integration Module section.
Graph: This toggle button allows you to show or hide the Graph on-screen. By default, the Graph is visible.
Occlusal Time Table: This toggle button allows you to show or hide the Occlusal Time Table on-screen. By
default, the Table is hidden. The visibility of the Table is remembered even after you exit and reopen the
program. For instance, if you make the Table visible, then close and reopen the program, the Table remains
visible.
Close Recording: If a scan has been taken or is opened onscreen, you can close it using this button. Likewise, if you have
taken a scan and do not wish to save it, press this button. The
system will prompt you to either save or discard the scan (see
image at right).
Scan Page View

If you have multiple scans open on-screen, you will see each scan represented as a scan thumbnail along the left side of
the main window. Click the thumbnail to select and view it within the main window. If you have multiple scans from
different patients open, a Title bar above the Thumbnails indicate patient name. Each Patient's thumbnails are grouped
together.
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2D ForceView
The 2D ForceView displays the bite
mark in two dimensions; left and right,
as well as anterior and posterior. As the
patient bites down, the sensor's colorcoded tooth force data is displayed in
real-time with lowest force (blue) to
highest force (red or saturated pink).
The resolution of the pressure is 255
levels of raw data, which is translated
into these colors. The T-Scan software
provides numerous options for
displaying, recording and analyzing this
real-time data.
As you play the scan back, you can view
the patient's bite over time, and hone in
on any time during the bite to view the
amount of force on the left or right sides of the Arch. In the example below, the left side shows 68.7% of the force while
the right side shows 31.3% of the overall force. You can also view the force placed on each tooth as a percentage, which
is written on the inside of the Arch Outline. Tooth numbers are written on the outside of the Arch Outline. In the
example above right, we can see that 13.4% of the bite force is attributed to tooth number 12. Each of the straight edge
lines that divide the teeth are called "Embrasure" lines, and the circular green line that encompasses the teeth and Arch
is called the Arch Outline.
The 2D ForceView is displayed by pressing the New Scan button on the Handle. Alternately, clicking the New Scan
button on the Patient List window initiates a new scan.
If you hover your mouse over the embrasure line between two teeth, the tooth width is shown in a Tool Tip (shown
below left). You can click and drag the line to move it, thereby extending or contracting the space between the two teeth
adjacent to the embrasure line.
In addition, you can right-click over the 2D ViewForce and select Copy from the context menu (shown below right).
This copies the 2D ViewForce as an image that can be pasted into other programs, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, for
example.
3D ForceView
The 3D ForceView displays the bite mark in three dimensions (shown below left). Force data is displayed as force
columns in three-dimensional space.
You can move the 3D Forceview in all three dimensions by clicking and dragging on any position over the 3D ForceView
area. In this way, you can hone in on a specific area of the Arch Model and locate specific areas of the patient's bite
force (shown below right).
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As you play the scan back, the 3D ForceView is updated along with the 2D ForceView. In this way, you can view the
patient's bite in 3-dimensional space over time, and hone in on any time during the bite to view the amount of force on
the left or right sides of the Arch Model.
Occlusal Time Table

The Occlusal Time Table allows you to view the measurements of the bite timing (shown below left), as well as each
individual tooth's timing (shown below middle), and the Force outliers for each tooth (shown below right). The
Occlusal Time Table has a direct relation to what you are viewing in the Graph. Whereas the graph displays the visual
lines, the table provides the numerical values or measurements. The two; however, are providing the same data.
To view the patient's total occlusal bite timing, ensure the Timing and Arch buttons are pressed. This should be the
default position. In this position, you can view the following:
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Line: the A, B, C, and D lines. These lines are used to mark two separate sets of positions (frames) of the scan.
The A-B Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote the start and end of the Occlusion Time (OT-A and
OT-B) and the C-D Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote the start and end of the Disclusion Time
(DT-C and DT-D). Refer to the Occlusion and Disclusion Time section for more information.
Time: The time at which these Occlusion and Disclusion lines occur in the patient's bite, from the start of the
scan.
Force: The force exerted on the sensor at these Occlusion and Disclusion points, as it relates to the scan's
overall force
Diff: The time differential from Line A to B (Occlusion) and C to D (Disclusion).
16
You may also see indicator icons next to each of the Lines. This shows:
Green checkmark: The green checkmark indicates that OT or DT is within an acceptable, user-defined range.
Yellow caution indicator: The yellow caution sign indicates that OT or DT is on the borderline of an
acceptable, user-defined range.
Red warning indicator: The red warning sign indicates that OT or DT is not within an acceptable, user-defined
range.
To view the patient's individual tooth timing, ensure the Timing and Tooth buttons are pressed. You will notice that
each tooth has its own color. Select the tooth number from the "Tooth #" column, and press the >> button, to move it
over to the "Displayed" column. As soon as the Tooth number is placed in this column, the 2D ForceView updates to
show the corresponding tooth color outline surrounding the embrasure lines on that specific tooth, and the Timing of
the tooth is displayed in the graph using a graph line of the same color. Using this same method, you can add multiple
teeth into the "Displayed" column and view multiple tooth force and timing within the Graph. In this way, you can also
compare teeth together in the same Graph.
To remove a tooth from the "Displayed" column (and thereby remove it from the Graph), select its tooth number in the
"Displayed" column and press the << button between the two columns. This moves the tooth back into the "Tooth #"
column.
Note: you can select multiple teeth in either column by holding down the Ctrl key and selecting
multiple non-contiguous teeth. Or, to select contiguous teeth at once, select the first tooth, hold
down the Shift key and select the last tooth. All teeth in between are automatically selected. Then
press the >> or << buttons to move them all at once to the opposite column.
Force Outliers are individual tooth contacts with much higher relative force than others during closure; or an entire
tooth with very low force at maximum area (MA). To view the Force Outliers, ensure the Force Outliers button is
pressed. As soon as you do this, you will notice that the 2D ForceView updates to show the corresponding tooth color
outline surrounding the embrasure lines on any teeth considered to have Force Outliers. These teeth are also displayed
in the Graph so you can instantly see their force and timing. In this way, you can also compare these teeth together in
the same Graph. For more information, refer to the Force Outliers section.
Graph
The Graph displays the force versus time for the patient's overall bite, individual teeth, or Force Outliers. Each graph
line is color coded to provide an easy visual reference to areas of the Arch Model. The A, B, C, and D lines are used to
mark two separate sets of positions (frames) of the scan. The A-B Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote the
start and end of the Occlusion Time (OT-A and OT-B) and the C-D Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote
the start and end of the Disclusion Time (DT-C and DT-D). Refer to the Graphs and Occlusion and Disclusion Time
sections for more information.
Graph displaying the Arch Model force vs. time for the patient's overall bite.
If you select View > Arch in Quadrants, the left (green) and right (red) side of the patient's bite are replaced by four
quadrant lines that outline the patient's left anterior (dark blue), left posterior (light blue), right anterior (dark red),
and right posterior (light red) quadrants.
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Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar allows you to perform key operations for a new scan or review operations for an existing scan. With
a new scan, you can perform the following operations:
Sensitivity: Use the Sensitivity slider to make the sensor more or less sensitive to bite forces. Each patient has a
more or less forceful bite. The Sensitivity setting aligns the sensors output with the biting force of the patient.
Allowing the operator to change sensitivity leads to a more useful scan with less saturated sensels. Move the
slider lower if too many saturated sensels are obtained in your scans. Move the slider higher if the force is too
low for a scan. Then re-scan the patient. The effective sensitivity range is 1 to 14. It is advised that when taking
any recording, there are no more than 3 pink sensels displayed at MA (Maximum Area Frame).
Scan Start / Stop Button: Initiates a patient scan. You will see the frame progression on the right side of the
navigation bar. After the patient has concluded their bite, pressing the Scan button again stops the scan. By
default, scans are 1200 frames and last approximately 1 minute (20 frames per second), giving you plenty of
time to obtain the patient scan.
Sensor Indicator: Displays the status of the sensor. If the sensor status reads "Sensor OK," then you are ready
to perform a scan. If instead it says "Sensor Misaligned," try readjusting the sensor and sensor support in the
Handle and ensure the Handle is properly connected to the Computer's USB port.
Once the scan is performed, the scan is displayed on-screen, and the Navigation Bar options change to "review" mode.
In this mode, the following options are available:
Move to Start: Moves the position of the scan to the beginning (first) frame.
Back One Frame: Moves the position of the scan backward one frame.
Play / Pause: Plays the scan forward from the current timeline position according to the Frame Rate setting.
Pressing the button while the playback is in progress will pause the playback. The Spacebar can be substituted
for this button; playing and pausing the scan. To play forward continuously, press Shift+Spacebar.
Forward One Frame: Moves the position of the scan forward one frame.
Move to End: Moves the position of the scan to the end (last) frame.
Timeline: The Timeline Slider allows you to move the Timeline manually to any position along the scan. This
updates all views dynamically. The Occlusion (A & B) and Disclusion (C & D) line markers are indicated on
this Timeline.
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Force / Time Indicator: Shows the Force percentage (as a percentage of overall force for the entire scan) at
the current Timeline position along the top. The time indicator displays
the current time of the Time Indicator as well as the total time for the
entire scan along the bottom.
Playback Speed: Allows you to select amongst three playback speeds:

Fast, Medium, and Slow (see image at immediate right).
Central Width: Allows you to adjust the patient's Central Incisor Width
(see image at far right). Use the Up / Down arrows to increase or
decrease the width.
Force Legend Color Scale,Noise Threshold Adjustment Slider, and Upper Limit Slider: The Legend is a
segmented force color scale, which shows the range of colors displayed in the scan, and their associated
nominal forces. Differences in occlusal force displayed in the 2D and 3D ForceView is distinguished by the
colors ranging from red (highest forces) to blue (lowest forces). The Pink color above the red maximum
indicates sensels that are fully saturated. It is advised that when taking any recording, there are no more than 3
pink sensels displayed at MA (Maximum Area Frame).
All views are controlled by one legend, making it very easy to make comparisons between views. The Legends
key does not have any units. The range of the color scale is a digital range distributed between 0 and 255 (for a
total of 256 levels of force or "Raw Sum").
Dragging the Noise Threshold Adjustment Slider to the right allows you to remove lower forces from view onscreen. Data is not removed, only its view on-screen. In this case, all sensed forces below the set level of this
slider are not displayed. The low end colors are filtered out from the Legend. This feature can be used to
suppress the display of low-level noise, which may be distracting. All views dynamically update as you move this
slider.
If the Upper Limit Slider is moved left, upper level force is filtered out, as are their related colors. All view
windows dynamically update as you move this slider.
Note that the legend settings are saved until you exit the T-Scan program.
MAIN MENU
The Main Menu provides most command operations within the T-Scan
system. The most frequently used items in the Main Menu also have an icon
on the Toolbar.
File Menu
Patient List: Opens the "Patient List" dialog, where you can create a new
patient, edit an existing patient, create a new scan under any existing patient,
and open or delete a scan from any existing patient. Refer to the "Patient List"
Window for more information.
New Scan: Opens a new scan for the current patient.
Save Scan: Saves the current scan to your patient record.
Export Scan: Clicking the "Export Scan" command opens the "Save" dialog
(shown below), where you can export the scan to any place you like on your
computer. The scan is saved in Tekscan's proprietary .fsx file format.
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19
Save AVI File: Allows you to save the

current scan as an .avi file, which can
then be played as a video scan in other
video software, such as Windows Media
Player, for example. When you click on
the "Save AVI File" command, the "Export
Scan to Video FIle" dialog opens. You can
select from the following options:
o
Filename: The file path where the

video is to be saved on your
computer. Click the Browse button in
order to select a folder and filename for the video file on your computer.
Window Frame: Allows you to save either the 2D ForceView or 3D ForceView to a scan file. Only one
option can be selected.
Resolution: Allows you to select from 3 different sizing formats. Depending on whether you select the 2D
ForceView or 3D ForceView, different sizes are available. The following table outlines the size options.
Small
Medium
Large
(width x height, in pixels) (width x height, in pixels) (width x height, in pixels)
2D ForceView
250 x 198
500 x 395
1000 x 786
3D ForceView
250 x 150
500 x 300
1000 x 600
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Frame Rate: Allows you to select a frame rate for the video. The Frame Rate options are Slow, Medium, or
Real Time (actual time of the patient's bite). Only one option can be selected.
Save: This button saves the video file on your computer to the filename/path you selected in the first field of
this dialog automatically. When you press the Save button, a "Video Compression dialog opens (shown
below left). Ensure you select the "Microsoft Video 1" compressor codec from the drop-down list (shown
below right).
20
Cancel: This button cancels the video file save, and closes the dialog.
Quick Report: This option sends the report to the printer, and also creates a .pdf file, which you can then save
from the Adobe Acrobat program. The Quick Report option does not save the report automatically to your
computer. Refer to the Creating a Report section for more information.
Create Report: Allows you to export the contents of the currently active scan, including comments and graphs,
to an Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) file. From there, you can print the file or send the file out through email. The
window is printed exactly as it appears on-screen. Refer to the
Creating a Report section for more information.
Exit: Closes the T-Scan application. If you have any unsaved scans
open, you will be prompted with a message asking if you wish to
save the recording(s) to the database (shown at right).
Edit Menu
Scan Notes: Opens the "Notes" dialog, where comments can be entered
for the current scan. Refer to the Including Notes with a Scan section for
further information.
Movie Photographs: Opens the "Scan Images" dialog, where you can
associate Images to the scan. Refer to the Attaching an Image to a Scan
section for further information.
User Settings: Opens the "User Settings" dialog, where the user can adjust several global software parameters.
Click on a specific tab to access associated settings. The "User Settings" dialog is broken down into the
following tabs. Note that all images for the tabs below show the default settings. The Close button is universal
on all tabs and closes the dialog while also accepting any changes that were made in the tabs. In other words,
you do not need to explicitly Save any changes. You can make all your changes to all tabs and press the Close
button to accept these changes.
o
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Force Outliers: This tab allows you to

increase or decrease the relative force
between teeth during closure. This helps
to detect teeth that might have irregular
force and timing characteristics.
Decreasing the relative force results in
more Force Outliers detected. Increasing
the relative force results in less Force
Outliers detected. The "High Force
Outliers" slider adjusts the high force
range, while the "Low Force Outliers"
adjusts the lower force range. Press the
Defaults button if you wish to return to
the default "Force Occlusal Time Outliers"
which is a setting of 3, as shown below.
For more information, refer to the Force
Outliers section.
21
Tooth Numbers: This tab lists the tooth

parameters that are displayed on the 2D
ForceView Arch. Selecting the "Hide tooth
numbers on arch" option removes them
from view. Tooth numbering System
provides three selections as follows. Note
only one Tooth Numbering System can be
selected at a given time.
Universal: Displays the "Universal"

numbering system (2-15 from right to
left, on-screen).
FDI/ISO: Displays the "FDI/ISO"

numbering system (11-17 from the
center to right; 21-27 from the center
to left, on-screen).
Palmer: Displays the "Palmer"

numbering system (1-7 from the
center to the right; 1-7 from the
center to left, on-screen).
Graphs and Timing: The three checkbox

options found on this tab allow you to
show or hide elements within the Force vs.
Time Graph. Refer to the Graphs section
for more information on this tab.
Warning Messages: This tab contains

settings allowing you to enable or disable
warning messages in the software. You
can enable or disable the warning that
opens alerting you to the number of
saturated sensels in the software, and you
can set the number of sensels that need to
be saturated (threshold) before the
warning opens.
There is also an option to enable or
disable the warning that opens when a
scan contains low data output (too few
sensels or too little force exerted on the
sensor).
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Advanced: The advanced tab contains

additional settings (shown below left).
Most times, you will not need to change
these settings. However, if you wish, you
can enable "Turbo Mode" which allows
you to scan at a faster speed than normal.
Turbo Mode allows you to maximize the
number of frames that can be captured
per second.
22
This can be beneficial for high-speed applications, when trying to achieve the maximum frame rate. The
frame rate depends on the amount of load on the sensor. Typical occlusion will be about 300 Hz (300
frames per second). Turbo mode captures data at approximately 500 Hz (500 frames per second). With
turbo mode enabled, rapid, transitory events can be captured at the sacrifice of consistent frame rate.
Scans captured using turbo mode will have many more frames than scans captured at slower speeds.
You can also Sort the Force Outliers to be deviation, which adjusts the Force outliers in the Occlusal Time
Table (deviation column). And you can elect to only open one patient's scans at a time. Selecting this
option means that you can open any number of scans, but only for one patient. If you attempt to open the
scans of another patient while a current patient is already open, the other patient's scans are closed in
favor of the new patient. If you check the "Warn me before loading scans for another patient" setting, then
a warning will open if you attempt to open a new patient's scan (see the warning below right).
If you enable the Use Triggered Scan Start checkbox (default), the system will arm the recording when
the "Record" button is pressed. Then, when the user bites down on the sensor, the pressure on the sensor
triggers the recording to begin. If this box is unchecked, the recording starts immediately when the
"Record" button is pressed.
Finally, you can Select a Language for the software. Selecting a language ensures that the software Views,
Windows, Dialogs, Menus, and Toolbars are displayed in the appropriate language.
o Dentrix G5: Allows you to integrate the

Dentrix G5 software with T-Scan by syncing
the two software databases together. Refer
to the Dentrix G5 Integration Functionality
section for more information.
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23
View Menu
The view options are essential in the analysis of occlusal data. These options are
designed to enable the clinician to summarize the occlusal contacts in useful formats,
with the force and time relationships of the contacts displayed as color images.
Features, such as Maximum Bite Force and Maximum Intercuspation, assist the
dentist in the diagnosis and treatment planning of occlusal disease, such as trauma
caused by transient forces and interceptive contacts. Center of Force Trajectory
analysis allows the dentist to examine the total effect of restorative dentistry on the
patients maximum closure and excursions, and is as easy as the click of a mouse.
Center of Force Trajectory: Illustrates the balance of the occlusion in the 2D ForceView, using a graphic
Center of Force (COF) target and Center of Force (COF) Trajectory line. This command is a toggle which shows
or hides the COF and COF Trajectory on-screen. The default is set to show the COF and COF Trajectory. Refer to
the Center of Force Trajectory section for more information.
First Contact (1): This brings the 2D ForceView, 3D ForceView, and Graph to the first frame of the scan where
initial contact force appears.
Maximum Bite Force: Moves all views to the frame in the scan which contains the maximum bite force for the
entire scan. The Graph Timeline moves to this location in the graph so you can see the maximum force exerted
on the sensor during the scan. This is useful to quickly access the frame with the most force.
Maximum Intercuspation: Moves all views to the frame in which maximum intercuspation occurs, or the
largest area of tooth contact. This can also be referred to as MA (Max Area). It is a useful reference for a
number of common dental procedures.
2D Contours: Displays a 2D Contours view of the scan in the 2D ForceView, with differences in occlusal force
represented by colors ranging from red (greatest) to blue (lowest). When enabled, the scan is shown as Contours
(default), where the force is smoothed out. In this mode, each sensel element is represented by one square. This
display looks the closest to the actual raw output of the sensor.
2D Contours disabled
2D Contours enabled (default)
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Arch in Quadrants: Further splits the Anterior and

Posterior of the Arch Model on-screen. The Arch
Quadrants view divides the Arch model into four
quadrants, as shown in the example below:
Left: 68.7%
Left Anterior: 33.8%
Left Posterior: 34.8%
Right: 31.3%
Right Anterior: 9.6%
Right Posterior: 21.7%
Flip Arch Horizontally: This is used to invert the view

on-screen. Both the 2D and 3DForceViews are affected
by this View menu option, and their views are flipped
to the opposite sides on-screen. This option is a "toggle." By default, the arch is not flipped, meaning that the
left side of the patient's arch is located on the left side of the ForceView, and the right side of the patient's arch
is located on the right side of the ForceView.
Default View of Arch
View of Arch when flipped horizontally.
Window Menu
2D Display Window: Toggles to show or hide the 2D ForceView.
3D Display Window: Toggles to show or hide the 3D ForceView.
Force vs. Time Graph: Toggles to show or hide the Graph window.
Tooth Chart: Displays the Tooth Chart. Note that with the Tooth Chart enabled, it
will take the place of the 3D ForceView on-screen (see below). The Tooth Chart
is also only available as long as the 2D ForceView is displayed.
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25
This is the same Tooth Chart found on the "Edit Patient" dialog (at the
bottom of this dialog). On this dialog, you can optionally adjust the
Central Incisor Width to be representative of the patients bite by
entering a numerical width in the "Central Incisor Width" field. You
can also adjust the patients tooth positions by clicking and dragging
the tooth numbers from the top row either left or right. Each individual
tooth width can be assigned by entering a numerical width just beneath
each tooth number. Lastly, you can indicate each tooths status by
using the drop-down selection list next to each Tooth Number (shown
at right).
Timing Analysis: Toggles to show or hide the Occlusal Time Table.
Show All: Toggles to show or hide all views. These views are the 2D ForceView, 3D ForceView, Force vs. Time
Graph, and Occlusal Time Analysis.
Help Menu
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About T-Scan 8: Displays a dialog box that provides basic information about the
T-Scan software (see image below left).
26
Technical Support: Provides information on how to contact Tekscan for technical assistance and product
feedback (see image below right).
Contents: Opens the Help File, where you can get T-Scan Hardware and Software information.
Update: The Software Update feature is an automatic notification system that lets you know when there is an
update for the T-Scan software. You can also schedule how often the system checks for updates using the
"Available Updates" dialog. See the Software Updates section for more information about this dialog.
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27
PATIENT LIST WINDOW

The software comes with a full-featured patient file management system. This system can be used to store each patients
information (first and last name, patient ID, etc.) in a Patient Record, as well as store and track each scan associated
with that patient. This system is a powerful tool for managing client records. It will help to cut down on paperwork and
make keeping track of your patients scans simple. The way in which the user accesses and edits Patient and Scan
information is through the "Patient List" window, explained below.
The "Patient List" window can be accessed via the Patient list icon on the Toolbar (shown below left) or via File >
Patient List (shown below right).
This opens the "Patient List" window (shown

right). Following are the features of the "Patient
List" window.
Search Field: If you have a very long

list of Patient Records, you can use the
search field to locate a patient by all the
patient's information (first, middle, last
name, ID, Date of Birth, Created Date,
etc.). Enter your term into the field. The
List is filtered and searched, with the
results displayed as you type. To clear a
search, delete any text entry input into
the search field.
Patient List: The Patient List area of the

window displays all the Patient records
in your database. The following
columns are available in the Patient List,
from left to right: Patient ID, First Name,
Last Name, Middle Name, Date of Birth,
Patient Record Create Date, and Last
Scan Date. Records are listed in reverse
chronology by the "Last Scan" date and
patient, so the most recent scan is at the
top. However, you can order the Patient
List in according to any of these
parameters by clicking on any of the column headings. When a column heading is
clicked, all records in the list are immediately reordered and sorted ascending by
that column. An arrow pointing upward indicates ascending order. If you then click
the column heading once again, the arrow points downward, and the records in the
list are reordered and sorted descending by that column (shown at right).
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28
Clicking the New Patient button opens up a "New Patient Record" window, where you can enter a new patient
into the list. Refer to the New Patient Record window for more information. Selecting a Patient Record from the
list and pressing the Edit Patient button opens up the "Patient Record" for that currently selected patient. This
is the same window with the same information, the only difference is that you are either creating a new patient
record or editing an existing patient record.
Scan List: The Scan list area of the window is where all the scans for the currently selected Patient are located.
The following columns are available in the Scan List, from left to right: Scan Number, Date Recorded, Scan
Type, EMG (available only with optional BioEMG software package), Photo, and Note. Scans are listed in
descending order by Scan Number, so that the most recent scan is listed at the top of the Scan List. As with the
Patient List, you can reorder and sort your scans by any column listed here if you click on the column heading.
Clicking once on the column heading sorts the Scan List ascending by that column. Clicking again will sort the
Scan List descending by that column.
The EMG (available only with optional BioEMG Integration Module), Photo, and Note field deserve a special
mention. A special icon in this field indicates whether or not a Scan is associated with BioEMG data, has any
associated photos attached, or contains notes.
New Scan: This button opens up a new scan window so a new scan can be recorded.
Open: This button opens the currently selected scan. You can also double-click directly on the Scan from the
Scan List to open it. If you wish to select multiple Scans, you can use the Ctrl Key (to select multiple noncontiguous Scans) or the Shift key (to select a group of Contiguous scans - select the first Scan, then holding
the Shift key down, select the last scan. All scans in between are selected). Once the Scans are selected, click
the Open button and they are all opened at once.
Delete: This button deletes the currently selected scan.
Cancel: This button closes the "Patient List" window without making any changes.
Menu Options
There are two menus in the "Patient List" window. These are the available commands:
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File Menu
o
New Patient: Opens up a "New Patient Record" window, where you can
enter a new patient into the list. Refer to the New Patient Record window
for information.
New Scan: Opens up a new scan window so a new scan can be

recorded.
Close: Closes the Patient List window.
Help Menu
o
About T-Scan 8: Displays a dialog box that provides basic

information about the T-Scan software.
Technical Support: Provides information on how to contact

Tekscan for technical assistance and product feedback.
Contents: Opens the Help File, where you can get T-Scan
Hardware and Software information.
29
"PATIENT RECORD" WINDOW

The "Patient Record" window is used to enter patient
information into the database. This window is also used
to edit patient information for an existing patient record.
The following explains the window options:
Patient Information: The patient information

area is located at the top of the window and
provides basic information for the Patient. This
information will then be used to categorize the
Patients within the Patient List. Fields marked
with an asterisk are required before saving the
patient. Other fields are optional. A brief
explanation of each field is listed below.
o
First Name: Proper first name of the

patient.
Middle Name: Proper middle name of the

patient.
Last Name: Proper last name of the patient.
Gender: The patient's gender. Note the Patient Avatar on the Toolbar will reflect the patient's gender.
Date of Birth (M/D/YYYY or D/M/YYYY): The date of birth of the patient. Note that the date can be
entered either using the Day first (European), or using the Month first (American).
Patient ID: If BioEMG software is used, or another third party software, this ID can be used to match
records across the two applications. If the ID exists in BioEMG, the two patient records are synced
together. You can also use the Patient ID if a proprietary ID system is used at your location.
Tooth Chart - Patient Default: The Tooth Chart provides detailed settings for the Patient's tooth and Arch.
Following are the parameters you can adjust for each patient's teeth:
o
Central Incisor Width: The proportions of the teeth in the Arch Model are based on the rule of golden
proportions in reference to the width of the Central Incisors. Increasing or decreasing the "Central Incisor
width" field changes the proportions of all teeth. The software selects a default Central Incisor width of 8.5
mm, which automatically addresses the majority of the population. The following procedure should be
followed in order to adjust the Patient's Central Incisor Width.
After measuring the patients incisor width, enter this value into the "Central Incisor Width" field. Note that
the teeth widths automatically update. If you open a new scan for the patient, the Arch Model changes so
you can observe the new Arch Model directly on-screen. The standard deviations of +1 and -1 are +0.5
mm and -0.5 mm; this range of 11 positions in 0.1 mm steps (8.0 to 9.0 mm) covers nearly 90% of the
population.
Note also that if you change the Central Incisor Width of a patient or teeth widths of a patient, all scans
from this patient will update with the new information. You will not see the change take effect on any open
patient scans. First, close the scan, and then reopen them to see the changes.
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30
Tooth Number and Position: You can also adjust the

patients tooth positions by clicking and dragging the tooth
numbers from the top row either left or right. Each
individual tooth width can be assigned by entering a
numerical width just beneath each tooth number.
Tooth Number & Status: This area lists each tooth's

number and status. You can indicate each tooths status by
using the drop-down selection list next to each Tooth
Number (shown below). Available statuses are - (No special
status), Crown, Full Denture, Pontic, Abutment, Implant,
Inlay, Onlay, Partial Denture, Veneer, Missing Closed, and
Missing Open.
Create Button: Closes the "Patient Record" window and at the same time adds the new Patient Record to the
database. If a mandatory field (marked with an asterisk) is missing or invalid, a red square will surround the
required field, alerting you to the fact that it requires a properly-formatted entry (see below left). A warning
will open on-screen to indicate any required information (shown below right). Press the OK button, fill out the
required information, and then press the Create button once again.
Cancel Button: Closes the "Patient Record" window without making any changes.
Delete Patient Button: This button is only available from the "Edit Patient Record" window (which is exactly
the same as the "Patient Record" window, aside from this button). If you already have a patient record created,
and press the Edit Patient button from the "Patient List" window, you will see this button at the bottom left
corner of the window (see below left). Pressing the Delete Patient button will delete the Patient and all related
scans for that patient. For this reason, you will see a warning dialog (shown below right), asking if you are sure
you want to perform this action.
If you press the Delete button from this warning, the patient
and all associated scans are deleted from your database, and
you will see a progress bar performing the deletion (shown
below right). Note that you can press the Cancel button from
the warning or progress bar dialog at any time to cancel the
operation and keep the patient and all associated files. Once
the progress bar completes, however, there will be no way to
recover the patient nor the patient's scans.
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31
Menu Options
There are two menu options located in the "Patient List" window. These are the available commands:
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File Menu
o
Import Scans: This option is

only available after the patient
record has been saved or if you
open up a currently existing
patient record through the Edit
Patient button on the "Patient
List" window. This option allows
you to open a scan or multiple
scans directly from your
computer and import them into
the current patient's record
using the "Import" window
(shown at right). To select multiple contiguous scans, use Shift+Click when selecting files from the
"Import" window. To select multiple non-contiguous scans, use Ctrl+Click when selecting the files from
the "Import" window. Then press the Open button. This closes the "Import" window and associates the
scans to the Patient Record.
Save: Closes the "Patient Record" window and saves the current patient record within your database.
Help Menu
o
About T-Scan 8: Displays a dialog box that provides basic information about the T-Scan software.
Technical Support: Provides information about contacting Tekscan for technical assistance and feedback.
Contents: Opens the Help File, where you can get T-Scan Hardware and Software information.
32
ARCH, ARCH OUTLINE &

EMBRASURE LINES
The Arch Model Superimposes a model of the
maxillary arch, as well as an "Arch Outline" on
the tooth contact data in the active 2D ForceView.
The Arch Model uses a combination of the
contact energy outline of the 2D Contour, which
defines the arch, and the proportionality of
human teeth, to establish the tooth interface
approximations across the arch (source,
Ash/Wheeler).
The Arch Outline, which is drawn around the 2D
occlusal force image, provides some additional
information for analyzing your recordings. The Arch Model and Arch Outline are both saved with a scan.
The arch outline is made up of the yellow lines in the 2D ForceView.
Embrasure Lines
The embrasure lines are the black lines that define tooth locations and follow the Arch Model. It is important to note
that the active region for each tooth is defined by a four-sided polygon that can be drawn from the end of each
embrasure line to the corresponding end of the embrasure lines on either side. In the image below left, the black lines
are the embrasure lines, while the red lines in the image below right denote a theoretical drawing of the active area for
the tooth. Note that the Red lines are purely theoretical, and will never be seen within the software. Any pressure sensed
outside this "Active" area is not included within any analysis.
Black embrasure lines as they
are seen within the software:
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A theoretical model of "Active" region of the sensor. Each

tooth is enclosed within a four-sided polygon.
33
FORCE OUTLIERS
Force Outliers are individual tooth contacts with much higher relative force than others during closure; or an entire
tooth with very low force at Maximum Intercuspation.
What is the idea behind Force Outliers?
A frequent goal of treatment is to achieve simultaneous bilateral closure, and balanced tooth forces when clenched.
High force tooth contacts that occur early during the closure process are candidates for treatment. Teeth with low force
when the clench is maximal are candidates for treatment. Force Outliers identify and quantify these contacts and teeth.
When natural teeth with active nerves have high contact forces early in the closure, there is evidence that nerve signals
are generated signaling muscles to modify their contraction, lengthening closure time. One approach to treatment is to
reduce high early force contact points. The closure time of subsequent recordings often is shorter.
If the high early contact force is on an artificial tooth, such an implant, that lacks nerve connections and has low
mechanical compliance, early high contact force is a cause of concern. These early high forces can lead to damage or
cracked materials.
When the closure reaches maximum intercuspation, many dentists strive for balanced bite forces around the dental
arch. For example, they want the COF to settle near the target location. Low Force Outliers are teeth with relatively little
contact force at MA. Adding material to them can raise the contact force on them, resulting in more even distribution of
forces on the teeth.
Finding High Force Outliers
The search for High Force Outliers begins with the first frame that has 5% (five percent) of MF (Maximum Force) or
more, after the computer-set OT-A. The mean and deviation () of relative force output from individual loaded sensels
is calculated. If one sensel has an output more than X deviations higher than the population values, the program
identifies it as a High Force Outlier. It analyzes each individual sensel separately. Adjacent sensels are not considered.
This process continues frame by frame until reaching 80% of MF.
If the scan is a lateral excursion or protrusion, there is one closure, so there is no ambiguity about which closure to
analyze, and maximum force is also the maximum scan force. If the scan is multi-bite, or otherwise has multiple
closures, then the program only analyzes the first closure. The program references maximum force of that closure,
rather than the maximum scan force, which may occur in a different closure.
Finding Low Force Outliers
Finding Low Force Outliers only involves the MA frame (Maximum Area). The program analyzes MA because it has high
force, and because the 2D window has an MA icon that will bring the display to the Maximum Area Frame. Embrasure
lines define the edge of each tooth. If an embrasure line cuts a sensel, the side with the most area gets its output. Teeth
marked missing open or missing closed are not included in the calculation. Add the output from all sensels within a
tooth together. Then the mean and deviation of relative tooth force are calculated. If any tooth has less force than the
low force threshold, in deviations, identify it as a Low Force Outlier.
If the scan is a lateral excursion or protrusion, there is one closure, so there is no ambiguity about which closure to
analyze. If the scan is multi-bite, or otherwise has multiple closures, then the program only analyzes the first closure.
The default value for "x" High force contacts is 3.3. Similarly, the default value for low force deviations is 3.3. Through
Options > User Preferences the user can adjust X from 2.0 to 6.0 (one decimal point on standard deviation)
separately for high and low forces (see image below).
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34
Setting the Detection Threshold

The user can select whether the program detects more or fewer Force Outliers. A smaller threshold will find more Force
Outliers and higher threshold will find fewer. The units of the thresholds are in relative force, the number of deviations
from the mean required for detection. To begin, click on Edit > User Settings and bring the Force Outliers tab to the
foreground (this will be the first tab on the dialog and should open by default). The High Force Outliers Threshold is
adjustable from 1.0 to 6.0 sigma (one decimal
point on deviation) The Low Force Outliers
Threshold is adjustable from 0.5 to 3.0 sigma
(shown at right).
The default High Force Outliers threshold value is
3. The default value for Low Force Outliers is 1.5.
The threshold for High Force Outliers is usually
much greater than for Low Force Outliers because
the distribution of sensel forces and tooth forces
are highly skewed. In a frame, many sensels have
low force values and a small number of high sensel
force values can be very far above the mean. At MA,
it is typical for several teeth to have moderate
force. At MA, the lowest tooth force values cannot
be many deviations below the mean, because the
lowest allowable force is zero (0).
Understanding the "Force Outlier Table"
The Force Outlier Table shows the first time a particular contact exceeds the relative force threshold. Earlier high force
contacts may have more importance than those occurring later in the closure. The table shows the maximum relative
force that sensel generates during the entire closure. Higher forces obtained by High Force Outliers give them greater
importance. An ideal recording may have no high and no low force outliers. Force Outliers are shown numerically in
the Occlusal Time Table (shown below left), and are outlined by their tooth numbers within the 2D ForceView (shown
below right).
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35
CENTER OF FORCE TRAJECTORY

The "Center of Force (COF)" and "Center of Force (COF) Trajectory" illustrates the "balance" of the occlusion in
the active window using a graphic COF "marker" and "trajectory." The COF marker pinpoints the location of the sum of
the total force of the occlusal contacts. This is done by calculating the sum of the medio-lateral and antero-posterior
force moments of the recorded contacts, and presenting this data by superimposing the COF marker on the tooth
contact data.
The COF is represented on-screen by a red and white diamond in the 2D ForceView. The COF Trajectory displays the
history of the path of the Center of Force from the beginning of the scan to the current frame, in relation to the COF
target. The movement of the COF as the patient closes his/her teeth together can be tracked by playing a scan one frame
at a time with "Center of Force Trajectory" checked (under the "View" menu). The COF Trajectory is represented onscreen by a colored line that "trails" the COF marker within the 2D ForceView. Both the COF and COF Trajectory are
powerful analysis tools that can be used to determine the influence of interceptive contacts, estimate the stability of a
closure, and track the trajectory of an excursive movement.
How the Center of Force is Calculated
The location of the Center of Force marker is determined by calculating the sum of the medio-lateral force moment of
the tooth contacts about the mid-sagittal axis, and the mean of the left and right leverage arms in relation to the incisive
plane, according to the following formulas:
Left-Right Moment = Sum (contact force x contact
distance right) - (contact force x contact distance
left) and is displayed in Newton-millimeters (Nmm).
The anterior-posterior location of the COF marker is
found by calculating the left lever and right lever
statistics from the incisal plane as follows:
Left Lever = Sum (force at contact x distance from the incisal plane) / Sum (left contacts), displayed in
millimeters.
Similarly the right lever is calculated, and the mean of the left and right leverage arms gives the average anteriorposterior distance of the marker from the incisive plane, which is described by the following formula:
Mean L-R lever = Right lever + Left lever / 2
These statistics allow the practitioner to identify the location of the Center of Force for any bite automatically by selecting
the COF option from the View menu.
Center of Force Target
The COF marker is shown in relation to a dual elliptical target, which represents the ideal location of the center of force
for any maximum intercuspation closure, and acts as a guide with respect to a normal occlusion. The inner ellipse
shows the area within which the COF of 68% of a normal population is found, and the outer ellipse shows the area
within which the COF of 95% of a normal population is found.
The COF target is displayed on-screen by two "target" circles and a crosshair to denote the center "target."
The relationship between the Center of Force marker and target is not intended to be an absolute measure of normal
occlusion, but to serve as a guide for the dentist to compare the patients occlusion to that of a group of normal
subjects.
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The rationale for the center of force target came from the work of Maness et al, who described the mean location of the
distribution of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation; and from Mizui, et al, who quantified occlusal force in the
intercuspal position (see Appendix. Background for COF Analysis).
Rationale for Center of Force Target
The rationale for the COF target came from the work of Maness, et al, who described the mean location of the
distribution of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation; and from Mizui, et al, who quantified occlusal force in the
intercuspal position. Both investigators described a left-right balance of occlusal contacts about the mid-sagittal plane
with the center of the COF target located approximately in the region representing the mesial aspect of the first molar.
Maness, et al, identified the anterior-posterior center of the distribution of contacts in maximum intercuspation as 28
mm. distal to the incisal plane and Mizui, et al found the center at approximately 34 mm. The mean of these measures,
31 mm., represents the center of the target on the mid-sagittal plane and is used as an approximation of the ideal
location of the Center of Force in a normal subject.
The size of the target is taken from the standard deviation of the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral measure of the
distribution of occlusal contacts described by Maness, and is 7.65 mm. and 6.48 mm., respectively. These dimensions
describe an ellipse with a radius represented by two standard deviations, which describes 68% and 95% of normal
subjects. The center of the target lies approximately 31 millimeters distal from the incisal plane. This is the location of
the Center of Force target and is used as an approximation of the ideal location of the center of force in a normal
subject.
It must be emphasized that this analysis is provided to the dentist as an estimate of normal and the dentist must
determine the significance of the data in relation to other pertinent facts.
Footnotes:
Article #30 - Maness, W.L., Podoloff, R.: Distribution of Occlusal Contacts in Maximum Intercuspation, The Journal of
Prosthetic Dentistry, August 1989, Vol. 62, No. 2,pp 238 - 242.
Article #32 - Mizui, M., Nabeshima, F., Tosa, J., Tanaka, M., Kawazoe, T.: Quantitative Analysis of Occlusal Balance in
Intercuspal Position Using the T-Scan System, The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 1994 Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 62-71.
GRAPHS
The Graph displays the force versus time for the patient's overall bite, individual teeth, or Force Outliers. Each graph
line is color coded to provide an easy visual reference to areas of the Arch Model or individual teeth.
Timeline
A thick grey line acts as a time indicator, and this can be moved to any location within the graph, allowing you to jump
to any point in time during the patient's bite, and view the force at that time. The 2D and 3D ForceView also updates
dynamically, depending on where the time indicator is located. Alternately, you can click at any point within the graph to
have the time indicator jump to that cursor point.
As with the A, B, C, and D lines, when selecting the Time indicator the cursor will change to a "hand" icon. Clicking with
the hand icon changes the cursor to a double-sided arrow. You can then drag the line to the new position and let go of
the mouse.
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A-B (Occlusion) and C-D (Disclusion) Lines

The A, B, C, and D lines are used to mark two separate sets of positions (frames) of the scan. The A-B
Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote the start and end of the Occlusion Time (OT-A and OT-B) and the CD Increment/Differential lines can be used to denote the start and end of the Disclusion Time (DT-C and DT-D). The A
and D lines are based on Relative Force (maximum scan force), while the B and C lines are based on tooth position, or
Center of Force Trajectory (COF Trajectory).
When a scan is taken, the computer calculates the OT and DT for the scan. This is the "Computer Default Display" for
the A-B and C-D lines. The majority of the time, this default will be correct; however, this may not always be the case. As
different patients may have different conditions, the computer may not always find the optimal settings for Occlusion and
Disclusion times. In this case, you may wish to move the lines into a more appropriate position. When selecting any of
the A, B, C, or D lines, the cursor will change to a "hand" icon. Clicking with the hand icon changes the cursor to a
double-sided arrow. Drag the line to the new position and let go of the mouse.
Following are some rules to keep in mind when working with the A, B, C, and D lines:
The A/B/C/D lines work in a very different way from the main Time Line. The A/B lines and C/D lines work in
distinct pairs. Both A and B lines can never go beyond the C or D lines. Put another way, the Occlusion start
and end times (A and B) cannot be placed after the Disclusion Times (C and D). If you attempt to move the A
or B line beyond C or D, the A or B line will bounce back and be placed at a point before (to the left of) the C
or D line on the graph. The reverse of this rule is also true. You cannot move the C and D lines (Disclusion
Time) before the A and B lines (Occlusion Time).
When speaking of a single pair of lines (for example the A and B lines), the A line can never go beyond the B
line. Put another way, the Occlusion start time (A line) cannot come after the Occlusion end time (B line).
When moving the A line past the B line, both A and B lines are switched (A becomes B and B becomes A). The
same is true for the C and D line pair (noting Disclusion Time). The C line cannot cross past the D line, and if
this is attempted, the lines are switched. In the same way, moving the B line before the A line, or the C line
before the D line will also switch the lettering for the line pair. What's important to remember here is that these
lines all stand for Occlusion and Disclusion start and end times, and these lines occur in a logical sequence of
events.
A, B, C, and D Line Calculations

The following explains how these lines are calculated, and how the software determines their defaults:
A Line: The A line is placed >1% of Maximum Scan Force. Default is 1% of Maximum Scan Force.
B Line: The B line is found before Maximum Intercuspation. First the range of motion for the Center of Force
Trajectory is determined. Center of Force Trajectory begins at 10% of Maximum Scan Force (total relative force
for the scan), and ends when it reaches the "Resting Point" or Maximum Intercuspation. This resting place
equals 100% of the Center of Force Trajectory range (where the B line is concerned). The B line is then placed
at the 95% point along this range (or 5% prior to Maximum Intercuspation). Default is 5% of Center of Force
Trajectory motion.
C Line: The C line is found after Maximum Intercuspation. It can be thought of as the opposite to the B line.
First the range of motion for the Center of Force Trajectory is determined, as it moves away from Maximum
Intercuspation.. 0% is when the Center of Force Trajectory is at Maximum Intercuspation and exiting. 100% of
Center of Force Trajectory is when the Center of Force Trajectory is at 10% of Maximum Scan Force as it exits
(the ending point for the Center of Force Trajectory). Once this range is determined, the C line is then placed at
the 5% point along this range (or 5% away from Maximum Intercuspation). Default is 5% of Center of Force
Trajectory motion.
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D Line: The D line is placed at the point when Relative Force on the Posterior area of the arch equals zero
(when there is no force on the posterior teeth). The posterior area of the arch is determined as posterior to
tooth numbers 5 and 11 (when using the Universal Numbering System) or greater than row 13 on the sensor.
Note that this calculation is not tied to the position of the posterior line on the 2D ForceView. It is worth noting,
however, that the default position for the Anterior/Posterior Line corresponds with the D Line calculation
inasmuch as it crosses the arch plane at tooth numbers 5 and 11 (greater than row 13 on the sensor). If the
Anterior/Posterior line is not moved from this default position, it can act as a guide to indicate where the D line
is placed (and where Disclusion ends). When you see no more contacts in the posterior quadrants of the scan,
this is where the D line is placed in the graph. The default for the D line is 0% of Maximum Scan Force.
Refer to the Occlusion and Disclusion Time section for more information.
Graph Zoom & Graph Reset
Using the Zoom magnifying glass icon, you can select a region of the Graph and zoom into that location. To do this, first
click on the magnifying glass icon. Your cursor will change to a crosshair. Click and drag to select a square region of
the graph. The graph will zoom into that region. To reset the Graph back to its full view, press the reset icon located
below the magnifying glass icon.
Graph Zoom icon: Allows you to zoom into a
specific region of the Graph
Graph Reset icon: Resets the Graph to the default

full-view.
In the image below left, the Graph Zoom icon was selected, and a region is being outlined. The
image below right shows the resultant Graph for this region.
When viewing the patient's overall bite, a black line maps the whole bite (Total Force), the green line maps the left side
of the arch, and a red line maps the right side of the arch.
The Total Force is relative. When a scan is taken, the software determines the point at which highest force was achieved
and this is measured to be 100% of the total force. This measurement is then used for the Total Force line. On the other
hand, the left and right lines are absolute, measuring the absolute force at any point during the scan. For this reason,
you will often see the Total Force line lower than the left or right side force lines (as in the graph image below).
Graph displaying the Arch Model force vs. time for the patient's overall bite.
If you select View > Arch in Quadrants, the left (green) and right (red) side of the patient's bite are replaced by four
quadrant lines that outline the patient's left anterior (dark blue), left posterior (light blue), right anterior (dark red),
and right posterior (light red) quadrants.
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Graph displaying the Arch Model force vs. time for the patient's overall bite, mapped in quadrants.
To view the individual tooth force and timing within the graph, select them from the Occlusal Time Table (discussed
previously).
Graph displaying individual tooth force vs. time for five teeth (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13) from the left
side of the same patient shown previously.
To view the teeth with Force Outliers within the graph, select them from the Occlusal Time Table (discussed previously).
Graph displaying the Force Outliers for teeth numbers 11, 12, and 15 (force vs. time) of the same
patient above.
There are two options available if you right-click over the Graph view: Copy allows
you to copy the Graph as an image that can be pasted into other programs, such as
Microsoft Word or Excel, for example. Reset A/B/C/D Lines allows you to reset the
position of these lines to their default, in the event you have moved them to a new
location within the Graph.
Graphs and Timing Settings
There are a few graph options available under the Edit > User Settings dialog that allow you to show / hide elements of
the graph and calculate the timing of the Occlusion and Disclusion. You can show or hide the "Total Force" Curve
(black curve when viewing the arch), the A / B Lines (Occlusion), or the C / D Lines (Disclusion).
Pressing the Timing Settings button opens the "Timing Settings" dialog (shown below right). There are two sliders for
the Occlusal Time Range and two sliders for the Disclusal Time Range. Adjusting these sliders allows you to set the
range for the Occlusal and Disclusal algorithm that the software uses to calculate the timing in the graph. In other
words, you can make the Occlusal and Disclusal timing more or less sensitive, which results in a wider or shorter graph
line within the Force vs. Time Graph. In most cases, however, the default settings should be adequate.
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If you've changed any settings within this dialog, you can reset back to the default by pressing the Default button
(located at the bottom left of the dialog). Press the Close button to accept any changes made in the dialog and close the
dialog. You are taken back to the "User Settings" dialog.
OCCLUSION & DISCLUSION TIME

Occlusion Time is the elapsed time in seconds measured from the 1st tooth contact until when the last tooth contacts, as
a patient closes all their teeth together from completely open ( no tooth contact) to complete contact (all teeth are in
contact). Occlusion Time describes the degree of bilateral simultaneity present in a patient's occlusion.
Having bilateral simultaneity is considered a desirable state of occlusal health. It is advocated in dental school teaching,
and by advanced dental educators, as a requirement for an optimum occlusal design. The T-Scan measures the
Occlusion Time and can assist in its clinical improvement when it is deemed prolonged.
Disclusion Time is the elapsed time in seconds measured from the beginning of a jaw movement made in one direction,
when all teeth are in complete contact, through until only canines or incisors are in contact. Disclusion Time can be
measured in 3 different jaw movements; the Right Excursion, the Left Excursion, and the Protrusive Excursion.
Disclusion Time describes the quality of the Anterior Guidance mechanism, present in a patients occlusion. Having
immediate posterior disclusion is considered to be a desirable component of occlusal health. It is advocated in dental
school teaching, and by advanced dental educators, as a requirement for an optimum occlusal design. The T-Scan
measures the Disclusion Time and can assist in its clinical improvement when it is deemed prolonged.
In the T-Scan software there are 4 time measurement lines; 2 that measure the Occlusion Time (A and B lines) and 2
that measure the Disclusion Time (C and D lines). All 4 lines can also be used to quantify other time measurements a
clinician wants to measure (like the time-to-muscle-shut-down, or the implant time delay).
The concepts of Occlusion Time and Disclusion Time haven studied and researched scientifically since the early 1990s.
There are many published dental articles that detail both their scientific foundation, as well as the clinical
implementation of techniques to improve prolonged Occlusion and Disclusion Times (see references below).
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References:
Occlusion Time:
1. Kerstein, R.B., Grundset, K., Obtaining Bilateral Simultaneous Occlusal Contacts With Computer Analyzed and
Guided Occlusal Adjustments. Quintessence Int. 2001;32:7-18
2. Kerstein, R.B., Current Applications of Computerized Occlusal Analysis in Dental Medicine. General Dentistry
2001;49(5);521-530.
Disclusion Time:
1. Kerstein, R.B., Wright, N., An electromyographic and computer analysis of patients suffering from chronic
myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome; pre and post - treatment with immediate complete anterior guidance
development. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1991; 66(5):677 - 686.
2. Kerstein, R. Disclusion time reduction therapy with immediate complete anterior guidance development: the
technique. Quintessence International. 1992;23:735 - 747.
3. Kerstein, R.B., A comparison of traditional occlusal equilibration and immediate complete anterior guidance
development. Cranio. 1993;11(2):126 - 140.
4. Kerstein, R.B., Treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome with occlusal therapy to reduce lengthy
disclusion time - a recall study, Cranio, 1995; 13(2):105-115.
5. Kerstein, R.B., Chapman R., and Klein, M., A comparison of ICAGD (Immediate complete Anterior Guidance
Development) to "mock ICAGD" for symptom reductions in chronic myofascial pain dysfunction patients.
Cranio, 15(1):21-37,1997
KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Keyboard shortcuts are available to activate the most often-used software commands with a single keystroke or
keystroke combination. They are extremely useful for Reviewing a Scan and are often faster than using their Toolbar or
Menu equivalents. The following lists all available shortcut keys for the software.
A / B / C / D: Moves all views to the A / B / C / D line (most easily seen in the Graph). Note: If more than one
bite is displayed in a scan, each bite will contain its own A / B / C / D line, and be numbered. For example, A1,
A2, A3, etc. for the amount of bites in the scan. Pressing A, then 2 will take you to the second bite's A line.
Spacebar: Play / Pause the scan.
Shift+Spacebar: Play Continuously in a loop. Once the scan's ending is reached, the play continues from the
beginning. Play only stops when the keys are released.
Left Arrow: Moves back one frame in the scan.
Right Arrow: Moves forward one frame in the scan.
Ctrl+F12: Exits the T-Scan application.
Ctrl+S: Saves the current scan.
Ctrl+Tab: In the "Patient List" dialog, this toggles the focus between the "Search" field and the "Scan List."
When the "Search" field has focus, you can use the Up / Down arrows to scroll through the patients. When the
"Scan List" has focus, you can use the Up / Down arrows to scroll through the scans.
F1: Opens the help file.
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SOFTWARE UPDATES
The Software Update feature is an automatic notification system that lets you know when there is an update for the TScan software. You can also schedule how often the system checks for updates using the "Available Updates" dialog. The
following outlines how this feature operates.
1. If an update is available, a balloon opens from your Taskbar
(located at the lower right corner of your screen) to inform
you. You can double-click this Link, where is states "T-Scan
Update Available" (shown at right)
Alternately, you can manually check for updates by going into Help > Update (shown below):
2. The "Available Update" screen opens (shown below).
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3. To set up scheduling to check for software updates, click the "Notify me of update" drop-down list (shown
below left). Options are Always (each time the software is opened), in one day (checks performed day), in one
week (checks performed week), and in one month (checks performed monthly). When you have selected a
scheduling option, the "Save and Close" button becomes available (shown below right). Click the Save and
Close button to Save this setting and close the dialog. Note: you will have to reopen this dialog in order to Run
the Update.
4. To update the software, click the Run Update button (shown below).
5. The "Confirm Run Update" dialog opens. Click the Continue button to download the software update, or
Cancel to cancel the update process.
Once the "Continue" button is pressed, the software starts to download (shown below).
6. Once the software download is completed, your software will close, and the Software update wizard opens. Run
the wizard to install your software. When finished, you can open your software again by clicking on the T-Scan
icon on your desktop or going into Start > Tekscan > T-Scan to launch the software.
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SCANS
The software allows you to capture your patients occlusal force data over a period of time through a process called
scanning. A scan is similar to a video recording, since you can rewind your scan, play it and replay it as many times as
you wish. Note that unlike typical video recordings, scans must be explicitly saved in order to be available for future
review.
SCAN TYPES
Scan types allow you to further categorize your scans by associating a procedure to the scan. Click the drop-down list
from the Toolbar to select a procedure (shown below left). You can also Edit this list and add your own custom
procedures from the list. To do this, select Edit from the drop-down list. This opens the "Scan Types" dialog (shown
below right). Select the plus (+) button to add new entries, or select an entry to delete and press the minus (-) button.
All entries are automatically ordered alphabetically. Press the Close button to accept your changes and exit the dialog.
The following provides an overview of each Scan Type.

CR (Centric Relation)
The importance of isolating the Centric Relation Prematurity when performing an Occlusal Equilibration has been
advocated by numerous authors . It is believed that when the mandible is properly positioned in Centric Relation, both
articular discs are properly positioned between the head of the mandibular condyle and the superior aspect of the
eminentia, such that there is no stimulus for antagonistic muscle hyperactivity .
1-4
Generally, the Centric Relation Prematurity can be located by various methods involving operator-guided mandibular
positioning. The method advocated by Dawson, known as Bimanual Manipulation , has been widely recognized and
accepted as a predictable way to guide the mandible into the Centric Relation position. The first occlusal contact that
results from the Bimanual Manipulation procedure is known as the Centric Relation Prematurity.
6-8
Historically, to locate the Centric Relation Prematurity (first tooth contact), the operator relied on the patient to
describe the general location of the first tooth-to-tooth contact that they felt as the guided jaw manipulation brought
the first few teeth into contact. With the T-Scan system, you can locate the Centric Relation Prematurity simply by
viewing the first contact that increases in force, as displayed on your computer monitor.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dawson, PE. Diagnosis and Treatment of Occlusal Problems, ed. 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co. 1989.
Schuyler, CH. Fundamental principles in the correction of occlusal disharmony, natural and artificial. JADA, Pp. 1193-1202, July, 1935
Glickman, l. Clinical
Periodontology, ed. 4,
Philadelphia, 1972, W.B. Saunders
Co.
Long, JH. Occlusal adjustment.
JPD 30:706-714, 1973.
Dawson, PE. Diagnosis and
Treatment of Occlusal Problems.
Ed. 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co.
1989. Pp. 31.
Long, JH. Location of the terminal
hinge axis by intraoral means. JPD
23:11, 1970.
Lucia, VO. A technique for
recording centric relation. JPD
14:492, 1964.
Dawson, PE. Diagnosis and
Treatment of Occlusal Problems,
ed. 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co.
1989. Pp. 41-47.
An example of a Centric
Relation Scan (at right)
Left and Right Lateral Excursion

and Protrusion
The T-Scan system is capable of
scanning Left or Right Lateral
excursions and Protrusions in realtime. The benefit is that the bites
can be studied over the length of the
excursion or protrusion to see
exactly where and when problems
occur in the bite. Once the scan is
recorded, it can be labeled as Left
Lateral, Right Lateral, and
Protrusion, among others.
An example of a Left Lateral
Excursion Scan (at right)
Multi-Bite
The multi-bite procedure can be used to show a chewing pattern in the patient. The patient bites (hard), holds, and
opens several times during the scan. The software then analyzes each close, finds the close with maximum force, and
compares each close to that one. There is a threshold (which can be defined by the user in the set user preferences
options -- see below). The default value for a valid closure is 65% of maximum force. For each valid closure, an A and B
line are determined (Occlusion Time start (A) and Occlusion Time end (B)). These are labeled A1 and B1 for the first
valid closure, A2 and B2 for the second valid closure, and so forth.
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This process is limited to four valid closures in total, and the first four valid closures are used in graph and bite
calculations. All subsequent bites are excluded from the graph and calculations. The Graph shows each A/B line pair.
On the right side of the graph, the subsequent differential times are shown as close 1, close 2, etc., and the average
close time is calculated.
The software must be able to detect at least two closures and one bite opening. in the scan. In other words, for the
purposes of the software Multi-Bite
algorithm, there must be more than
one bite present in the scan. The
following points out the criteria
needed for the software to detect the
scan as a "Multi-Bite" scan:
The scan has a maximum

scan force frame
The scan has at least two
closures or "bites" present,
with at least 65% of the
maximum scan force
The scan has at least one
bite opening present,
which separates the bites; not
exceeding 1% of the
maximum scan force
An example of a Multi-Bite Scan

(at right)
PERFORMING A SCAN
The T-Scan system is designed to be easy to operate and ready to scan occlusal data from start up. You may take a
recording using the buttons on the Handle, or using the buttons in the software Navigation Bar. Both of these methods
are described in this procedure. Follow the steps below to begin recording:
1. Ensure the T-Scan software has been correctly installed on your system, and the sensor support and sensor are
correctly inserted into the Evolution Handle. The Handle must be plugged into the computer via USB in order
for it to be recognized. Refer to the Evolution Hardware Installation section for complete instructions on
hardware installation.
2. Double click the shortcut icon that has been placed on your desktop, or click on the Start
button at the bottom left of the screen, select Programs, and then click the T-Scan icon
(shown at right) to run the program.
3. The Main window opens with the Patient List dialog. If you already have a database of
patients, this screen is populated with your patients (as shown below).
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4. Assuming you are entering a new patient, click the

New Patient button in the "Patient List" window. A
new Patient Record opens (shown at right).
Enter the new patients information. At a minimum,
you must enter the patients first and last names,
gender, and date of birth; denoted by an asterisk
(*). In the Tooth Chart section, you can
optionally adjust the Central Incisor Width to be
representative of the patients bite. You can also
adjust the patients tooth positions, and indicate
each tooths status. Once completed, click the
Create button.
5. Click the New Scan button in the Patient Record. A
new recording opens in the main window. By
default, the 2D ForceView is shown on the left, with
the 3D ForceView shown on the right. These views
show the patient's bite in real-time, as it is
occurring. Below this window is the navigation bar,
where you can set the Sensitivity of the sensor, so
that the sensor aligns correctly with the patient's
bite. If this is your first time taking a scan with this
patient, leave the Sensitivity at its default. If, after taking the scan, you receive a warning message suggesting to
lower or raise the sensitivity, you can do so.
The navigation bar also contains the circular red "Scan" button, which can be used to start and stop the scan. It
is recommended, however, that you use the scan button located on the Handle, which performs the same
function.
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Note: If the sensor status in the Navigation Bar reads "Sensor OK," then you are ready to perform a
scan. If instead it says "Sensor Misaligned," try readjusting the sensor and sensor support in the
Handle and ensure the Handle is properly connected to the Computer's USB port.
6. Place the sensor in the patients mouth, with the sensor support pointer
between the two central incisors. Keep the handle as parallel to the occlusal
plane as possible (shown at right).
7. Press the Scan button on the Handle. The system is armed to take a scan.
This means that no data is being collected. The data collection begins once
pressure is sensed by the system (ie: When the Patient bites down on the
sensor). The status bar shows "Armed for bite" (shown below).
8. Have the patient bite down on the sensor. The system takes a scan. You will see the frame progression on the
right side of the navigation bar. Have the patient bite down normally on the sensor. After the patient has
concluded their bite, press the Scan button again to stop the scan. By default, scans are 1200 frames and last
approximately 1 minute (20 frames per second), giving you plenty of time to obtain the patient scan.
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9. As soon as the scan is

completed, it is
displayed on-screen
(shown at right), and
the scan is positioned at
the point of initial
contact. The 2D
ForceView is divided
into two equal colored
boxes (one green for
the left side and one red
for the right side)
around the mid-sagittal
plane. In addition, the
"Occlusal Time Table"
appears on the right
side of the screen, and
the Graph is displayed below the ForceView area. The Navigation Bar also changes to provide playback options
below the Graph. Refer to the Reviewing a Scan section for further information.
10. To save your scan as a file that can be opened later, press the Save icon on the main Toolbar. The scan is saved
under the current Patient Record. The scans are numerically sequenced and stored by date under the Patient
Record. Notes and Scan Types should be used to provide some distinction between scans for the same patient.
In this way, you can create a categorical system of scans under the same patient. This will also make it easier to
find the correct scans to review and analyze later.
11. To create a report from the current scan, go to File > Create Report. This allows you to export the content of
the current scan's 2D and 3D ForceView, as well as the Graph view and any associated Notes, to an Adobe
Acrobat (.pdf) file. From there, you can print the file or send the file out through email. The window is printed
exactly as it appears on-screen.
REVIEWING A SCAN
Once you have performed a scan, it is available for your review. Your scan consists of a number of frames of occlusal
and disclusal force data that is "captured" during the scan period. This section reviews the basics of scan playback.
Playing back the recording
1. Either perform a scan, or open an existing patient scan.
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2. Use the Navigation bar to review the scan, as follows:

Note: Some Keyboard Shortcuts exist for scan review. Refer to that section for more information.
Move to Start: Moves the position of the scan to the beginning (first) frame.
Back One Frame: Moves the position of the scan backward one frame.
Play / Pause: Plays the scan forward from the current timeline position according to the Frame Rate
setting. Pressing the button while the playback is in progress will pause the playback. The Spacebar can be
substituted for this button; playing and pausing the scan. To play forward continuously, press
Shift+Spacebar.
Forward One Frame: Moves the position of the scan forward one frame.
Move to End: Moves the position of the scan to the end (last) frame.
Timeline: The Timeline Slider allows you to move the Timeline manually to any position along the scan.
This updates all views dynamically. The Occlusion (A & B) and Disclusion (C & D) line markers are
indicated on this Timeline.
Force / Time Indicator: Shows the Force percentage (as a percentage of overall force for the entire scan)
at the current Timeline position along the top. The time indicator displays the current time of the Time
Indicator as well as the total time for the entire scan along the
bottom.
Playback Speed: Allows you to select amongst three playback

speeds: Fast, Medium, and Slow (see image at right).
Central Width: Allows you to adjust the patient's Central Incisor

Width (see image at right). Use the Up / Down arrows to
increase or decrease the width.
Force Legend Color Scale, Noise Threshold Adjustment

Slider, and Upper Limit Slider: The Legend is a segmented force color scale, which shows the range of
colors displayed in the scan, and their associated nominal forces. Differences in occlusal force displayed in
the 2D and 3D ForceView is distinguished by the colors ranging from red (highest forces) to blue (lowest
forces). The Pink color above the red maximum indicates sensels that are fully saturated. It is advised that
when taking any recording, there are no more than 3 pink sensels displayed at MA (Maximum Area
Frame).
All views are controlled by one legend, making it very easy to make comparisons between views. The
Legends key does not have any units. The range of the color scale is a digital range distributed between 0
and 255 (for a total of 256 levels of force or "Raw Sum").
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Dragging the Noise Threshold Adjustment Slider to the right allows you to remove lower forces from view
on-screen. Data is not removed, only its view on-screen. In this case, all sensed forces below the set level
of this slider are not displayed. This feature can be used to suppress the display of low-level noise, which
may be distracting. All views dynamically update as you move this slider.
If the Upper Limit Slider is moved down, the full range of colors will be displayed for the resulting
compressed range. In cases where the sensed forces are at the lower end of the legend scale, this has the
effect of increasing the color range of the display. All view windows dynamically update as you move the
sliders. The legend settings are saved until you exit the T-Scan program.
Comparison View
You can view two Scans top to bottom within the Main Window. To do this, ensure you have two Scans from the same
Patient open. Then drag one Scan thumbnail over the other, and let go of the mouse (see image below left). The two
Scans are combined into a new Scan window, where both Scans can be compared to each other, and the Scan
Thumbnails are highlighted in yellow, and labeled numerically in the tab list and to the left of the scan. This helps to
distinguish them from any other Scans that might be open at the time (see below right).
Note: You cannot compare scans from one patient to scans of another.
In this mode, the Graphs for both Scans are proportional. The longest length Scan is used as the reference, and the
Time (sec) X-axis of the shortest Scan is increased to line up with this longer Scan. This means that the timing (X-axis)
is correlated between both Graphs on-screen.
You can move the Timeline in each scan independently. However, if you want both scans to line up, it is recommended
you press the "A" button on your keyboard. This brings the Timeline for both Scans to the "A" line within their
respective Graphs. You can also press "B," "C," or "D" on your keyboard, and both Scans' Timelines are moved to that
location within their respective Scans. If you then press the Play icon on the Navigation Bar, both scans are played
forward in tandem.
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INCLUDING NOTES WITH A SCAN

To include notes along with your Scan, do the following:
1. Ensure you have a scan open on-screen. Then click on the "Edit the Scan Notes" icon on the Toolbar (shown
below left), or go to Edit > Scan Notes (shown below right).
2. The "Scan Notes" dialog

opens (shown at right),
where notes can be entered
for the current scan. Several
stock "Note Templates" are
available on the left side of
the window. To add any of
the text from the "Note
Templates," select it from
the left side list and use the
Insert button to add it to the
right side "Notes for Scan"
section. Alternately, you can
add free-form text into the
text box on the right side of
the window.
3. If you wish to add a new
template, press the plus (+)
button and type in your
entry. To delete a template, first select it from the left side list, and then press the minus (-) button. Use the
Save button to save the currently entered notes, and the Cancel button to exit the dialog without any changes
taking effect.
ATTACHING AN IMAGE TO A SCAN

To attach an image or group of images to a scan, do the following:
1. Ensure you have a scan open on-screen. Then click on the "Attach an Image to the Scan" icon on the Toolbar
(shown below left), or go to Edit > Scan Images (shown below right).
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2. The "Scan Images" dialog opens, where you can associate Images to the scan (see image below left). The image
thumbnails are displayed on the left and the preview is displayed on the right. Use the plus (+) button to locate
an image on your computer and add it to the list. To delete an image from the list, select its thumbnail and
press the minus (-) button. Note that you can also Add or Remove an image from the "File" menu on this
window, or Close the window (see image below right).
CREATING A REPORT
Once you have Performed a Scan, you can create a report for
the scan, or compare two scans together (provided they are
both open on-screen. This allows you to export the contents of
the currently active scan(s), including comments and graphs,
to an Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) file and/or to your printer for a
hard copy printout. The window is saved/printed exactly as it
appears on-screen, and includes a number of options, outlined
below.
To create a report Quickly, you can use the Quick Report
option under the "File" menu (shown below). This option
sends the report to the printer, and also creates a .pdf file,
which you can then save from the Adobe Acrobat program. The
Quick Report option does not save the report automatically to
your computer.
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Alternately, you can use the Create Report option under the "File" menu (shown below left). This opens the "Create
Report" dialog (shown below right), where you can specify additional options that determine how your report looks
and how it is output.
The following outlines all the options found on the "Create Report" dialog:
Report Filename: The file path where the report is to be saved on your computer. Click the Browse button in
order to select a folder and filename for the video file on your computer.
Logo Image: If you have a company logo, you can click the Browse button and locate the image file on your
computer. Acceptable image formats are bmp, jpg, and png files. The Logo Image need only be selected once.
It will be remembered the next time you create a new Report.
Logo Text: If you have logo text for your company, you can enter it into this field. The Logo Text need only be
entered once. It will be remembered the next time you create a new Report.
Header Text: If you wish to place header text into the report, you can enter it into this field. The header text
goes below the Logo Image and Logo Text, but above the Notes.
1st Scan (e.g., before treatment): This shows the current scan that will be exported to a report. If multiple
scans are open on-screen, you can click the drop-down selector to select one of the other open scans. Note
that the name, date, and time of the scan is displayed in this field. Under this field, you can select what is
exported into the report: the 2D ForceView, 3D ForceView, and Force vs. Time Graph, each of which are listed
as an image on the report. You can select none, one, two, or all three of these views, as you desire. It's
important to note that any View options set up for each of these views will be placed in the report "as is." So
that what you see on-screen is what is exported to the report.
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2nd Scan (e.g., after treatment): If you have multiple scans open, you can elect to display two scans in the
same pdf report. This can be useful if you are evaluating "before" and "after" treatment scans, for example. Use
the drop-down arrow to select one of the open scans. This option is not available if there is only a single scan
open. You must first open both scans in order to see them displayed in these "1st" and "2nd" drop-down fields.
As with the 1st Scan field, you have the option to export the 2D ForceView, 3D ForceView, and Force vs. Time
Graph.
Save: This button saves the report. The function of the "Save" operation depends on which options you selected
above this button (Open Report on Save opens the report in Adobe Acrobat as a .pdf file, and Print Report
on Save sends the report to your printer, assuming you have a printer connected to your computer). You can
Open, Print, or do both. Regardless of which options you select, the Report is always saved on your computer.
When you click the Save button, the "Create New Report File" dialog opens (shown below), which allows you to
specify a File name for your report, and lets you determine where you want the report saved on your computer.
Cancel: This button cancels the report save, and closes the dialog.
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The image below shows a report for one recording, with detailed labels for each report component.
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APPENDICES
This section includes supplement information for the T-Scan System.
DENTRIX G5 INTEGRATION FUNCTIONALITY

This document details the T-Scan/Dentrix G5 integration functionality. To
integrate your T-Scan database with your Dentrix G5 database, follow the steps
below.
1. Select User Settings from the Edit menu in the main window (shown
at right).
2. In the User Settings window, select the Dentrix G5 tab, and press the
Enable Dentrix G5 Integration button (shown below).
3. The Synchronize to Dentrix G5 window opens (below). The user is informed that once integration is
completed, all patient information editing is limited to the Dentrix G5 software. You will not be able to add or
edit patients from within the T-Scan application. Press Continue to complete the integration.
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4. The Merge Summary window (at right)

details the results of the initial integration.
The first line indicates the number of
patients retrieved from Dentrix G5, for which
an exact match is identified in T-Scan.
Patient matching is conducted based on
standard demographics (first name, last
name, and date of birth). The second line
indicates the number of patients added from
Dentrix. This includes any patients in the
Dentrix G5 database, for which an exact match in T-Scan is unidentified. The final line indicates the number of
patients originally in the T-Scan database that is not merged to existing Dentrix records.
5. With Dentrix integration enabled, the patient window in T-Scan displays the Dentrix chart number in the first
column of the patient list. Any patients that existed in T-Scan prior to the integration merge for which a Dentrix
match could not be found will display a ! symbol in this column. The patient record will also be colored red
(shown below).
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6. These patients can be merged manually to

another record with a valid chart ID by
dragging the record and dropping it on the
appropriate matching record. For instance,
the record Sample Patient in the above
dialog can be clicked and dragged onto
another record with a valid chart number,
such as the Patricia Abbott record. When
the record is dropped, the Patient Merge
dialog opens (shown at right), confirming
that you wish to merge the two patient
records.
7. Click Yes to complete the merge (shown at
right).
Once completed, the Sample Patient record no
longer exists in the patient list. Any recordings for the Sample Patient now exist under Patricia Abbott.
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To disable integration to Dentrix, open the User Settings window, and click Disable Dentrix G5 Integration on the
Dentrix G5 tab. T-Scan returns to functioning as an independent application.
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BIOEMG INTEGRATION MODULE

The BioEMG Integration Software (BioPAK) synchronizes and integrates the data from the T-Scan with
electromyography data of the BioEMG module.
The following instructions explain how to operate the additional synchronization and integration features included in
the Integration Software. Otherwise, both systems function the same as in the non-integrated version. If you need
information on how to operate either system, please refer to their respective manuals.
Activating Integration Mode
To be in the integration mode, you must start the corresponding
program by clicking the Start BioPAK icon in the T-Scan programs
Toolbar (shown at right), or by clicking the T-Scan Link icon in
the BioPAK program (shown at right). Opening an integrated file in
one program will open the corresponding file in the other program.
Acquiring Integrated Data or Opening Existing Data
To Acquire new data, open a new scan window in T-Scan. Assuming the BioPAK program is also running, a recording
can be triggered by pressing the Record button on the T-Scan Handle or press the Record button on the Navigation Bar
at the bottom of the T-Scan main software window. This records data into both T-Scan and BioPAK simultaneously.
Note: Ensure you have the "Use Triggered Scan Start" unchecked in the "Advanced" tab of the "Edit >
User Preferences" dialog. Normally, this option is selected by default, but you will want to remove the
checkmark for this option. This way, the recording starts as soon as you press the "Record" button.
To open existing data, first open the scan in either the T-Scan or the movie in BioPAK software, and click the Start
BioPAK or T-Scan Link icon shown above (depending which program you have open). The data is opened in both
programs. By default the T-Scan software opens on the left side of your computer screen and BioPAK software opens on
the right side of your computer screen. Both software programs are open side by side (as shown below).
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The data between the two programs remains in synch, and the A, B, C, and D lines for the graph will correspond to each
other in both software programs. Additionally, there may be an "E" line which is placed on both the BioPAK "EMG
Sweep" and T-Scan "Graph," marking the initial point at which the EMG muscle movement begins (see the lines
highlighted in the blue squares in the images below -- The T-Scan graph is on top, and the BioPAK EMG Sweep is on the
bottom). This is usually found prior to the "A" line. Any repositioning of these lines in the T-Scan software causes the
corresponding line in the BioPAK software to reposition, and vice versa.
In addition, the Time Line that controls the "Time location" of the T-Scan Graph view and the BioPAK EMG Sweep
window are synchronized. Changing the Time Line position in either program will synchronize the Time Line position in
the corresponding program.
Saving Integrated Data
When you save integrated data from either program, the data automatically saves in the other program if both files are
open at the initial time of saving. When closing a file with unsaved changes in either program, you are prompted to resave. You can then elect to save the unsaved data or disregard and close without saving.
Notes
Saving Notes in one program saves them in the other (in T-Scan, this is called "Notes," while in BioPAK, this is called
"Comments" located under the "Options" menu). This ensures the same messages are saved in both BioPAK and T-Scan
files.
Closing Files
Closing the Scan from T-Scan automatically closes the EMG Sweep from BioPAK, and vice versa.
Identifying Scans that have Corresponding BioPAK Data
T-Scan Scans that have corresponding BioPAK data have an EMG icon indicated in the Scan list located in the bottom
half of the "Patient List" window.
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Ordering the T-Scan BioEMG Integration Module

If you do not have the T-Scan BioEMG Integration Module and are considering purchasing, please note that the
Integration Software consists of two pieces:
1. Additional software integration feature that needs to be ordered from Tekscan and added to the T-Scan
software.
2. Additional BioEMG software that needs to be ordered from BioResearch.
The integration module requires T-Scan version 4.0 or later and BioEMG version 2.1 or later.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
Ash, Major M.; Wheeleris Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, .B. Saunders Company, Seventh Edition, 1993.
Maness, W.L., Benjamin M., Podoloff, R., Bobbick, A., Golder, R.: Computerized Occlusal Analysis: A New Technology,
Quintessence International, Vol. 18, No. 18, 1987, pp 287-292.
Christensen, G.: Clinical Research Associates Newsletter, Vol. 13, Issue 5, May 1989.
Maness, W.L., Podoloff, R. Distribution of Occlusal Contacts in Maximum Intercuspation, J Prosthet Dentistry, Vol. 62,
No. 2, August 1989, pp238-242.
Mizui, M., Nabeshima, F., Tosa, J., Tanaka, M., Kawazoe, T.: Quantitative Analysis of Occlusal Balance in Intercuspal
Position using the T-Scan II System, Internat J Prosthodontics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1994, pp62-71.
Kerstein, R.B., Wright, N.: A Electromyographic and Computer Analysis of Patients Suffering from Chronic Myofascial
Pain Dysfunction Syndrome; Pre and Post Treatment With Immediate Complete Anterior Guidance Development. J of
Prosthet Dentistry, Vol. 66, No. 5, 1991, pp 677-686.
Dario, L.D., How Occlusal Forces Change in Implant Patients: A Clinical Research Report, JADA, Vol. 126, August 1995,
pp 1130-1132.
Waltz, M., The T-Scan II System For Occlusal Registration. General Dentistry, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1991, pp 451-454.
Kerstein, R.B.: A Comparison of Traditional Occlusal Equilibration and Immediate Complete Anterior Guidance
Development. Cranio, Vo. 11, No. 2, 1993, pp126-140.
Maness, W.L.: The Future of Diagnostic Workstations, Computers in Clinical Dentistry, Proceedings of the First
International Conference, Quintessence Publishing, 1993, pp 204-215.
THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE SUPPORT DATA

This lists companies whose software has the capability to link to T-Scan. Please note that this list may change frequently.
BioResearch Associates Inc.
Phone number
EMail Address
Website
Dentrix Dental Systems
Phone number
EMail Address
Website
(800) 251-2315
support@biojva.com
www.biojva.com
(800) 735-5518 (choose option 2 for the Digital Technology support
department)
support@dentrix.com
www.dentrix.com
Pre-version 11 link item# 140-0272 / Version 11 link item# 140-0269
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EagleSoft
Phone number
Fax number
EMail Address
Website
SoftDent (Kodak)
Phone number
Website
(800) 475-5036
(217) 342-4571
support@eaglesoft.net
www.eaglesoft.net
(800) 262-8593
(410) 785-3677
www.softdent.com
WARRANTY INFORMATION
Tekscan, Inc. Limited 1-Year Warranty
1. WARRANTY. Tekscan, Inc. warrants to the original purchaser of this product that should it prove defective by
reason of improper workmanship and/or materials:
A. Tekscan Systems and Components:
For one year from the date of original purchase at retail, Tekscan will repair or replace, at our option,
any defective part without charge for the part or labor if an inspection proves the claim. Parts used for
replacement may be used or rebuilt, and are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period.
B. Tekscan Sensors:
Tekscan will replace any Tekscan Sensor which fails due to manufacturing defect if an inspection proves
the claim. Claims must be made within 30 days of purchase.
2. TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE, call Tekscan at 1-800-248-3669, (617) 464-4500 in MA, for further
instructions. Should you be asked to deliver your product to Tekscan, Inc. in Boston, MA, shipping expenses
are the purchasers responsibility. Proof of purchase is required when requesting warranty service.
3. THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER defects caused by modification, alteration, repair or service of the
enclosed product by anyone other then Tekscan or an authorized Tekscan service center, physical abuse to,
misuse of, the product or operation thereof in a manner contrary to the accompanying instructions, or
shipment of the product to Tekscan or an authorized Tekscan service center for service. This warranty also
excludes all costs arising from installation, cleaning or adjustments of user controls. Consult the operating
manual for information regarding user controls.
4. ANY EXPRESS WARRANTY NOT PROVIDED HEREIN, AND ANY REMEDY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
WHICH, BUT FOR THIS PROVISION MIGHT ARISE BY IMPLICATION OR OPERATION OF LAW, IS HEREBY
EXCLUDED AND DISCLAIMED. THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES FOR THE MERCHANTABILITY AND OF
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY LIMITED TO A TERM OF ONE YEAR. SOME
STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THAT THE
ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN
ARE IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING THE WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. THE BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT NO OTHER REPRESENTIONS
WERE MADE TO HIM OR RELIED UPON BY HIM WITH RESPECT TO THE QUALITY AND FUNCTION OF
THE GOODS SOLD HEREIN. NO PERSON, FIRM OR CORPORATION IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME FOR US
ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THESE GOODS.
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5. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES shall Tekscan, Inc. be liable to purchaser or any other person for any special or
consequential damages, whether arising out of breach of warranty, breach of contract, or otherwise. Some
states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so that the above
limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
08/11/03 FORM-200-057-B
MEDICAL EVOLUTION-BASED CERTIFICATIONS STANDARDS & SAFETY

Declaration of Conformity
Manufacturer:
Tekscan Inc.
307 West First Street
South Boston, MA 02127
USA
Authorized European Representative:
Winckels Medical Devices Expertise Europe
Bergerweg 18
6085 AT Horn
The Netherlands, Europe
Product:
T-Scan III Pressure Measurement System Evolution Based
Description of Intended Use:
The T-Scan III Pressure Measurement System is a device used to sense and measure the Occlusal contact force between
human teeth.
Classification:
Class I, Rule 5, per MDD 93/42/EEC Annex IX
We herewith declare the products mentioned above meet the provisions of the Council Directives 93/42/EEC for medical
devices and 89/336/EEC for electromagnetic compatibility. The declaration is issued under the sole responsibility of the
manufacturer. All supporting documentation is retained under the premises of the manufacturer.
Standards Applied
UL 60601-1 (2003): 1st Edition Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1 : General Requirements for Saftey
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 601.1-M90 (1990): 2nd Edition Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for
Saftey
CENELEC EN 60601-1 (1990): 2nd Edition Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Saftey +
A1(93) + A2(95)
IEC 60601-1 (1988): 2nd Edition Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Saftey + A1(91) +
A2(95)
IEC 60601-1 (2000): 2nd Edition Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Saftey Collateral
Standard: Saftey Requirement for Medical Electrical Systems
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IEC 60601-1-4 (2000): Edition 1.1 Consolidated Edition, Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1-4: General
Requirements for Saftey Collateral Standard: Programmable Electrical Medical Systems
EN60601-1-2 :2001-09: Medical Electrical Equipment, Collateral Standard: Elecromagnetic Compatibility
EN ISO 14971: Medical Devices Application of Risk Management to Medical Devices
Certificates:
ISO 9001:2008 Certificate No. US-2329c
ISO 13485:2003 Certificate No. 9172-2
Start of CE Marking: All lot/Serial Numbers
Place, Date of Issue: Boston, MA, USA, May 14, 2010
Europe:
EN-60601-1, EN55011, IEC601-1-2, IEC801-2, IEC801-3, IEC801-4, IEC801-5
Warnings
1. Medical electrical equipment needs special precautions regarding EMC and needs to be installed and put into
service according to the EMC information provided in the accompanying documents.
2. Portable and Mobile RF Communications Equipment can affect medical electrical equipment.
3. The use of accessories and cables other than those specified by the manufacturer as replacement parts may
result in increased emissions or decreased immunity of the equipment or system.
4. Only use Tekscan supplied battery packs and power sources to avoid damaging the system.
5. Do not use or attach any components that are not explicitly stated within this manual.
6. Do not connect any additional multiple portable socket outlet(s)
or extension cord(s) to the system.
7. EMC (Electro-Magnetic Charge) can interfere with the system. If
this occurs, or if there is a high level of noise on your display
screen, try moving to a location that is not in proximity to other
electrical devices (such as Televisions, radios, and cell phones).
8. ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) can halt the system. If the system
stops functioning, shut down the system by turning the power
switches on all attached parts off. Also shut down the software.
Then turn on the system and restart the software. If problem
persists, make sure the humidity in the room is >30% and
refrain from touching patient after equipment is installed and
powered up. If you are still having difficulty in operating the
system, contact your local Tekscan representative.
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9. The computer used with the applied part must be at a minimum approved to 60950-1. If the computer is to be
used within the patient environment then it must also be approved to IEC60601-1 or have a medically approved
isolation transformer between the computer and the mains voltage. This setup must be tested by a qualified
technician to meet the requirements of IEC60601-1-1.
10. If a non-medically approved computer is being used, do not touch both the computer and the patient at the
same time.
11. If using parts other than those explicitly stated within this manual, always follow the manufacturers cleaning
instructions.
12. Do not disinfect the computer.
13. Dispose of applied parts in accordance with Federal and State guidelines pertaining to computer equipment.
14. Sensor Replacement/Disposal: If using the MatScan, HR Mat, Presto-Scan or Walkway systems, when ordering
new sensors, the sensor/sensor housing should be returned to Tekscan. Tekscan will use the original sensor
housing when replacing these sensors. Always dispose of sensors in accordance with Federal and State
guidelines pertaining to medical biohazardous waste.
15. Protection against electric shock: Internally powered equipment.
16. No user-serviceable parts. Do not try to service or take apart any Tekscan hardware. Consult with your Tekscan
representative if a component is not working correctly, or is not working as it should.
17. Tekscan systems (including sensors and scanning handles) are not intended for surgically invasive or
implantable applications.
Guidance Tables
Table 201 Guidance and Manufacturers Declaration Emissions
All Equipment and Systems
Guidance and Manufacturers Declaration - Emissions
The EH-2 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or user of the EH-2
should ensure that it is used in such an environment.
Emissions Test
Electromagnetic Environment Guidance
Compliance
RF Emissions
The EH-2 uses RF energy only for its internal function.
Group 1
CISPR 11
Therefore, its RF emissions are very low and are not likely to
cause any interference in nearby electronic equipment.
RF Emissions
The EH-2 is suitable for use in all establishments, including
Class B
CISPR 11
domestic, and those directly connected to the public lowvoltage power supply network that supplies buildings used
Harmonics
Class A
for domestic purposes.
IEC 61000-3-2
Flicker
Complies
IEC 61000-3-3
Life-Supporting Equipment and Systems
Guidance and Manufacturers Declaration Emissions
The EH-2 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or user of the EH2 should ensure that it is used in such an environment.
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Immunity Test
IEC 60601 Test Level
Conducted RF
IEC 61000-4-6
3 Vrms (Outside ISM)

10Vrms (In ISM
Bands)
150 kHz to 80 MHz
Radiated RF
IEC 61000-4-3
10 V/m
80 MHz to 2.5 GHz
Compliance
Level
(V1)Vrms
(V2)Vrms
(E1)V/m

Portable and mobile communications equipment
should be separated from the EH-2 by no less
than the distances calculated/listed below:
D=(3.5/V1)(Sqrt P)
D=(12/V2)(Sqrt P)
D=(3.5/E1)(Sqrt P)
80 to 800 MHz
D=(7/E1)(Sqrt P)
800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
where P is the max power in watts and D is the
recommended separation distance in meters.
Field strengths from fixed transmitters, as
determined by an electromagnetic site survey,
should be less than the compliance levels (V1
and E1).
Interference may occur in the vicinity of
equipment containing a transmitter.

Equipment and Systems that are NOT Life-supporting
Guidance and Manufacturers Declaration Emissions
The EH-2 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or user of the EH2 should ensure that it is used in such an environment.
Immunity Test
IEC 60601 Test
Compliance
Level
Level
Conducted RF
3 Vrms
(3)Vrms
Portable and mobile communications equipment
IEC 61000-4-6
150 kHz to 80 MHz
should be separated from the EH-2 by no less than the
(3)V/m
distances calculated/listed below:
Radiated RF
3 V/m
D=(1.16)(Sqrt P)
IEC 61000-4-3
80 MHz to 2.5 GHz
D=(1.16)(Sqrt P)
80 to 800 MHz
D=(2.33)(Sqrt P)
800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
where P is the max power in watts and D is the
recommended separation distance in meters.
Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as
determined by an electromagnetic site survey, should be
less than the compliance levels in each frequency range.
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment
containing a transmitter.
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69
Table 206 Recommended Separation Distances between portable and mobile RF Communications equipment
and the EH-2
Equipment and Systems that are NOT Life-supporting
Recommended Separations Distances for the EH-2
The EH-2 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment in which radiated disturbances are controlled.
The customer or user of the EH-2 can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum
distance between portable and mobile RF Communications Equipment and the EH-2 as recommended below,
according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.
Max Output Power
(Watts)
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
11/22/13
Separation (m)
150kHz to 80MHz
D=(3.5/V1)(Sqrt P)
0.11
0.36
1.16
3.68
11.66
Separation (m)
80 to 800MHz
D=(3.5/E1)(Sqrt P)
0.11
0.36
1.16
3.68
11.66
Separation (m)
800MHz to 2.5GHz
D=(7/E1)(Sqrt P)
0.27
0.86
2.72
8.60
27.22
70
GLOSSARY
2
2D Contour Mode: Displays the pressures as a two-dimensional, contoured image, with differences in occlusal force
represented by colors ranging from red (greatest) to blue (lowest). The sharp corners of the sensor output are
smoothed, making the pressure boundaries easier to discern.
A
A - B Incremental Time Analysis: The A and B lines are found within each Force Vs. Time Graph and represented as
capitalized lettering above vertical broken lines. The time differential between these two lines reveals the
elapsed time within two operator chosen time points in the force scan. These lines can be moved closer
together, or farther apart, to calculate the elapsed time of any selected portion of the force scan.
A and B Lines: The A and B lines are found within each Force Vs. Time graph and represented by capitalized lettering
above vertical hyphenated lines. These lines can be moved within the graph to calculate the elapsed time of any
chosen time sequence of force scan frames.
Aberrant Force Concentration: Excessive occlusal force located in one or two isolated areas of the dental arch or
prosthesis.
Abfraction: the pathologic loss of hard tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces. Such loss is thought to
be due to flexure and chemical fatigue degradation of enamel and/or dentin at some location distant from the
actual point of loadingcomp ABLATION, ABRASION, ATTRITION, EROSION.
Arch in Quadrants (View Menu): Created from a 2-quadrant graph by clicking and holding down the left mouse
button on the top border of the Force Plot. The mouse is then dragged down from the top border of the Force
Plot. This horizontal dividing line may be placed in any selected anteroposterior position. There are 2
additional lines defined by the anterior right line (Aqua) and the anterior left line (Purple). This Force Plot is
divided specifically at the distal of the canine teeth so that the effectiveness of the Anterior Guidance can be
accurately determined.
Arch Model: The Arch Model uses a combination of the contact energy outline of the 2D Contour view, which defines
the arch, and the proportionality of human teeth, to establish the tooth interface approximations. The Arch
Model is saved with a scan.
Articulating Paper: ink impregnated Mylar or carbon paper strips that can be used to label occlusal contacts.
B
Bilateral Force Equality: an equal force distribution between the right and left halves of the Force Plot that where the
final force result is equal to 50% right - 50% left.
Bilateral Simultaneous Contact Sequence: All contacts meeting within .1 - .3 seconds or less, with a high degree of
right side to left side force balance; approximately 50% right to 50% left all through the elapsed time from 1st
contact to complete occlusal contact. See "True Time Simultaneity".
Bilateral Simultaneous Occlusal Contacts: All occluding surfaces should meet at the same time when, during
mandibular closure, the mandibular teeth reach occlusal contact with their opposing maxillary counterparts.
Full occlusal contact achieved in .1 to.3 seconds.
Black Force Line: The Total Force Line This line represents changes in the total force of the occlusion as teeth
engage, or disengage, during closure or excursive function.
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C
Center of Force (COF): In a normal occlusal arrangement, the summation of the occlusal forces gives rise to a
repeatable, and centered area that is located on the midline of the maxilla, and sits anteroposteriorly in the 1st
premolar to 1st molar region of the dental arch.
Center of Force Ellipse: COF target that represents the ideal location of the center of force in a normal subject.
Center of Force Icon: square red icon that is referenced positional to the center of force targeted region.
Center of Force Trajectory: Center of Force Trajectory displays the history of the path of the Center of Force, from the
beginning of the scan to the current displayed frame. The movement of the Center of Force Trajectory, as the
patient closes their teeth together, can be tracked by playing a scan one frame at a time with COF Trajectory
selected from the tool bar. The trajectory is represented on the screen by a red and white line that 'trails' the
COF marker.
Centered Trajectory Path: Representative of a bilateral simultaneous contact sequence.
Central Fossa: A groove in the center of a posterior tooth that travels between the facial and lingual cuspal inclines.
Central Incisor Width: Mesiodistal width of the maxillary central Incisor. This value is inserted into the patient
database to construct the T-Scan arch model. It can be measured with a periodontal probe that has 1 mm
denominations, or a Boley Gauge
Contact Duration: The elapsed time that passes for an individual tooth contact to make initial occlusal contact, and
increase in force, until it becomes static.
Contact Force Content: The occlusal forces contained within an occlusal contact.
Contact Order: The tooth contact sequence from 1st contact to 2nd contact to 3rd contact etc. until static
intercuspation is reached.
Contact Simultaneity: Theoretically, all occlusal contacts meet at the same time; clinically impossible to achieve. The
range of acceptability is that all teeth meet in .1 - .2 seconds.
Converging Force Lines within a graph (B): Converging lines indicate increasing tooth contacts are progressing as
mandibular closure is transpiring. This line pattern is seen within the earliest part of the tooth contact loading
sequence and precedes static intercuspation.
Cusp Tip: Highest point on a molar cusp.
Customizing the Arch Model: To properly space the hash marks in a similar way to how dimensionally spaced the
patients teeth are in relation to each other by properly entering the patients Central Incisor width.
D
Degree of Prematurity: The greater or lesser amount of time that elapses between the earliest tooth contacts and static
intercuspation.
Degree of Simultaneity: A description of how simultaneously all occlusal contacts achieve contact with their opposing
contacts during mandibular closure into centric relation or Maximum Intercuspation.
Diastema: Space between neighboring teeth. When inserting the Central Incisor width into the patient database, add
the diastema dimension to the mesiodistal width of one Central Incisor.
Diverging Force Lines within a graph (A): Diverging lines indicates an excursion has been commenced.
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E
Elongated Trajectory Path: Representative of a patient self-closure sequence involving significant anterior tooth
contacts. The trajectory commences anterior to the COF target and travels into the COF target.
Excursive Anterior Guidance: Anterior teeth inclined plane lingual surfaces of teeth #s 6-11 (Canine, Lateral Incisor,
Central Incisor) that are in contact with their opposing lower anterior teeth, to disclude the posterior teeth
bilaterally in protrusive and lateral excursions.
Excursive Graph: This type of graph illustrates the same converging force changes that occur as the patient occludes,
as well as the force changes that occur during a mandibular excursion. The mandibular closure phenomenon
(represented the same way as in the Full Closure graph) precedes the commencement of the excursion. Static
interdigitation is followed by diverging force lines as the patient makes an excursive movement.
F
Fixed / Detachable Implant Prosthesis: Implant prosthesis classified by Misch as an FP 3 prosthesis. It replaces
missing crowns, gingival color, and a portion of the edentulous site. It can be fabricated from the combination
of a gold metal superstructure that is anchored to a number of implants, with acrylic denture teeth embedded
into heat processed denture acrylic, that is mechanically retained onto the gold superstructure. The prosthesis
remains fixed in place upon implant abutments, until the operator chooses to remove the prosthesis for
maintenance visits involving implant hygiene and material repairs. Therefore it can be either fixed in place, or
detached, and then replaced when necessary. The anchorage for this type of prosthesis may be screw retained,
or provisionally cemented.
Force Centering Target Area: The Center of Force is represented by a square red icon that is referenced positional to a
targeted region that is centered on the midline of the maxillary arch, and extends from the distal of the canine
back to the distal of the 1st molar. The dimensions of the outlined region describe an ellipse, which gives the
clinician an estimate of the balance of forces for any subject with respect to normal.
Force Discrepancy: Lack of force balance between individual teeth, or side-to-side imbalance, or anteroposteriorly.
Force Distribution: The arrangement of occlusal forces throughout the dental arch or prosthesis.
Force Legend: The Force Legend illustrates the color-coding which describes 256 levels of force that can be recorded
in a given scan. The Legend is a segmented force color scale, which shows the range of colors displayed in the
scan window and their associated nominal relative forces. Higher forces are displayed in warmer colors (red),
lower forces are displayed in cooler colors (blue). Sliding either end of the legend allows you to alter the
colors displayed in the view window,
Force Scan: A graphical representation of an occlusal event from commencement to completion as recorded by the TScan. It can be played in 2 dimensions or 3 dimensions, backwards, forwards, or 1 frame at a time.
Force Scan Frame: A .01 second moment in a recorded scan. The .01 second long individual frames, when played in
succession, make up the entire scan.
Force versus Time Graph: The active 2D ForceView is divided into two equal underlined colored boxes (one red and
one green). A Relative Force vs. Time graph, with color-coded force percentage lines represents the forces
inside each of the colored boxes. A graph will automatically be created when you take a scan or open a
previously recorded scan.
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G
Graph: This type of graph illustrates the converging force changes that occur as the patient occludes on the sensor. The
converging force lines are followed by static, non-changing forces when the patient reaches maximum
intercuspation. These force lines remain horizontal as the mandible remains fixed in place against the maxilla.
Static interdigitation of the closure phenomenon has been reached. Each 2-quadrant graph contains 3 distinct
colored force lines (Red, Green, Grey), 1 vertical Time line (black), 2 vertical hyphenated lines known as
the A and B lines, and the Colored Force Lines.
Graph Icon: A button on the toolbar that will show or hide the graph.
Green Force Line: The Left Side Force Line This line represents changes in the forces of the left half of the arch.
Guided Closure: The operator assists the patient's mandible in its closure. Chin point guidance, and bimanual
manipulation are 2 types of guided closures. See Centric Relation", "Bimanual Manipulation".
Guided Occlusal Adjustments: Utilizing the T-Scan force and time sequence data of the existing pretreatment occlusal
scheme to make appropriate occlusal adjustments that correct the observable force and time sequencing
discrepancies.
H
Handle: The operator-controlled vehicle to record T-Scan force data. The sensor and sensor support are held in place
within the handle.
High Contacts: An occlusal contact that is perceived by the patient to be in the way of all their other tooth contacts
making contact.
Horizontal Force Lines within a Graph: Horizontal lines indicates that static intercuspation has been reached, and
force levels will not change further, unless an excursion is commenced.
I
Implant Deosseointegration: Loss of bony attachment between an implant and the surrounding bone that previously
anchored the implant.
Implant Supported Reconstruction: Any full arch prosthesis that is anchored to implants only.
L
Loading of a Prosthesis: See "Occlusal Loading".
M
Marginal Ridge: Fossa raised area on the mesial and distal occlusal surfaces that sit at the mesial and distal ends of the
central.
Max Force: This option illustrates the maximal force of closure for any bite, collected over a series of frames.
Maximum Intercuspation (View Menu): The maximum intercuspation is the point (or frame) in the scan where the
most sensels are active.
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Moving the A and B Lines: To select a time increment for elapsed time calculation, it is necessary to position the A and
B lines at two different selected time locations. They can be moved within the graph window by placing the
mouse over either selected line. This action will change the mouse into a horizontal double-sided arrow that is
superimposed over the vertical broken line. Then, by holding down the left mouse button, the 1st selected line
can be dragged to its new time location. Move the 2nd line in a similar fashion. The graph data box will
calculate incremental elapsed time while the lines are being moved. The final elapsed time is then displayed.
Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS): A group of head, neck, temporomandibular joint, and facial
muscular dysfunctional symptoms, that are considered to be muscle contraction type. This collection of varying
symptoms is considered a subdivision of TM Disorder. Facial pain and tension, jaw and chewing fatigue,
temporal headaches, eyes strain, some migraine headaches, earaches, ear pain, clicking and popping TM
Joints, and neck stiffness characterize MPDS. Pain from clenching and bruxism are also related
symptomotology.
N
Neurological Feedback: Afferent neuro-chemical impulses to the Central Nervous system that originate within the
periodontal ligament from tooth compressions. These impulses travel to the Trigeminal Nucleus within the
Brain, and result in Efferent impulses that return to the muscles of mastication. There these impulses instruct
contractions during chewing and clenching, and/or reflux opening to avoid trauma.
Non-Centered Trajectory Path: Representative of a non-simultaneous contact sequence.
Non-Simultaneous Contact Sequence: Occlusal contact order where one side of the dental arch reaches contact prior
to the other. The COF Trajectory will move away from the palatal midline towards the side that is earlier, and
later in the sequence, move towards the side that follows the earlier side. There will not be a straight trajectory
pathway.
Notes: This option opens the 'Notes' dialog, which allows you to view, add, and edit the notes associated with a scan.
O
Occlusal Anatomy: The cusp shapes, ridge, and groove forms that comprise the contours of the occlusal surfaces.
Occlusal Loading: Occlusal force transmission between 2 or more teeth, or applied to a dental prosthesis.
Occlusal Management: Occlusal adjustment therapy applied to teeth, or dental prostheses, to control occlusal forces
and time sequencing of occlusal contacts.
Occlusal Scheme: The designed functionality of the tooth contact arrangement as it pertains to excursive function. a)
Posterior Group Function b) Anterior Guidance with Posterior Disclusion c) Bilateral Balance are differing
occlusal schemes.
Occlusal Timing View: A descriptive window that contains the force percentage by quadrant, and the A-B incremental
time calculation. The Occlusal Timing View also contains Tooth Timing information and Force Outlier
calculations.
P
Palatal Midline: Refers to the midline division of a Force Plot that results in right and left halves to the force Plot. The
palatal midline travels through the COF target.
Periodontal Ligament Proprioreceptors and/or Mechanoreceptors: The sensory and mechanical fibers present in
the periodontal ligament of teeth. Implants do not have these fibers.
Premature in Time: The earliest tooth contacts that occur in advance of static intercuspation.
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R
Real-Time Window: The window in which a real-time recording can be obtained. This is a 2-dimensional window only.
Red Force Line: This line represents changes in the forces of the right of the arch.
Relative Forces: Qualitative description of occlusal forces using color-coding.
Relative Occlusal Contact Time Changes: Changes to the time differential between successive occlusal contacts that
result from T-Scan guided occlusal adjustments that are designed to improve contact simultaneity.
Rule of Golden Proportions for Teeth: The average central incisor width is 1.6 x the width of the lateral incisors; 1.4x
the width than the canines, and so on down the line, with respect to each tooth in the maxillary arch. This
proportion is used to position the hash marks of the customized T-Scan II dental arch.
S
Scan: A force recording.
Self-Closure: The patient closes their mandible into maximum intercuspation, unguided by the operator.
Sensel: Individual pressure sensing locations within a T-Scan sensor, which are referred to as sensing elements.
Sensitivity Adjustment: In order to properly discern the differing occlusal forces contained within an arch of tooth
contacts, it is necessary to establish a proper force recording range that is matched to each patient individually.
Sensor: The T-Scan sensor is an ultra-thin (.004", 0.1 mm), flexible printed circuit that detects occlusal forces. These
sensors are made up of approximately 2,000 individual pressure-sensing locations, which are referred to as
sensing elements, or sensels. The sensels are arranged in rows and columns on the sensor. Each sensel can
be seen as an individual square on the computer screen by selecting the 2D-display mode. The output of each
sensel is divided into 256 increments, and displayed as a value (raw sum) in the range of 0 to 255 by the
software.
Sensor Support: A plastic, removable and autoclavable insert to the recording handle that orients the T-scan sensor.
Short Disclusion Time: < .5 seconds of elapsed time from excursive commencement to complete Anterior Guidance
control with no posterior teeth in contact. See "Lengthy Posterior Disclusion Time".
Short Trajectory Path: Representative of a Centric Relation Closure occlusal contact sequence. There is little early
anterior tooth contact so the path of the trajectory commences close to the COF target, and moves slightly
posterior.
Straight Line Path of Closure: A COF trajectory that travels vertically down the palatal midline of a Force Plot. This type
of trajectory indicates bilateral simultaneous occlusal contacts. See "COF Trajectory".
T
Time Delay: An operator purposefully designed non-simultaneous contact arrangement employed in mixed
implant/natural tooth occlusal schemes; the implant segments occlude slightly after the natural teeth occlude.
This time delay allows a short time differential for the natural teeth to load, and depress into their Periodontal
Ligament fibers, before the implant segments make initial occlusal contact.
Time Differential: Elapsed time between 2 points in a scan. Can be calculated by the A-B lines.
Time of Loading: Elapsed time from 1st contact to complete occlusal contact.
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TM Disorders: Temporomandibular joint syndrome.

TM Joint: Temporomandibular joint.
Toolbar: The T-Scan Toolbar contains often-used commands for the software. It is located at the top of the Main
Window, just below the menu.
U
Underlying Abutment Teeth: Teeth that support a dental prosthesis.
Uniform Force Distribution: 1. All occlusal contacts in one arch or prosthesis contain the same degree of force. 2. All
occlusal forces per side of an arch are equal to those on the opposite side of the arch i.e. 50% right 50% left.
Uniform Loading: All occlusal contacts demonstrate similar force color-coding while the occlusal result demonstrates
bilateral fore equality.
Unmatched Contacts: Occlusal contacts present on one side of the Force Plot and dental arch that are not present on
the opposite side of the Force Plot or dental arch. An example would be a patient who presents without 2nd
molars on their right side, but has occluding 2nd molars on their left.
11/22/13
77

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T-Scan User Manual

T-Scan II User Manual (Rev I)

T-Scan User Manual

T-Scan II User Manual (Rev I)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Microsoft Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Scan the patients occlusal contact data

Instant MA (Maximum Area Frame)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

HARDWARE & INSTALLATION

T-Scan can also run on an iMac or Mac Mini, similarly configured.

EVOLUTION COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION

(10) Small Sensors (Part # ZSEN (2501) T1-HD)

(2) Small Sensor Supports (Part # ZSEN-SUPPORT-SM)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Evolution System Carrying Case

USB Cable length can be extended to 30 or 45

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Small Sensor (#2501):

Sensor Maintenance and Care

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

EVOLUTION HARDWARE INSTALLATION

The following shows an image of the Evolution

The following label is printed on all Evolution Handles

Inserting a sensor into the Evolution Handle

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Evolution Handle Maintenance and Care

The Evolution Handle cannot be autoclaved.

Evolution Handle Specifications

USB 1.1 or 2.0 Compatible, 12 Mbps

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

MAIN SOFTWARE VIEWS

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Scan Page View

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Occlusal Time Table

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Playback Speed: Allows you to select amongst three playback speeds:

New Scan: Opens a new scan for the current patient.

Save Scan: Saves the current scan to your patient record.

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Save AVI File: Allows you to save the

Filename: The file path where the

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Force Outliers: This tab allows you to

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Tooth Numbers: This tab lists the tooth

Universal: Displays the "Universal"

FDI/ISO: Displays the "FDI/ISO"

Palmer: Displays the "Palmer"

Graphs and Timing: The three checkbox

Warning Messages: This tab contains

Advanced: The advanced tab contains

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

o Dentrix G5: Allows you to integrate the

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

2D Contours enabled (default)

T-Scan User Manual (Rev T)

Arch in Quadrants: Further splits the Anterior and