Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MODULE 4
LOPA / SIS / SIL
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Asset Register
Criticality Analysis
Compliance analysis
RBI
SIL
RCM
Adapt RBM
strategies
Asset
Maintenance Efficiency
Schedule compliance
Breakdown analysis RCA
Proactive analysis FRACAS
Condition monitoring/analysis
SOW analysis
ASSET LIFECYCLE INTEGRITY PARTNER
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Training Program
Asset knowledge
LOPA
LAYERS OF PROTECTION ANALYSIS
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Layered protection
Background
Piper Alpha
Bhopal
Seveso
Texas City
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LOPA
What is it?
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is a Process Hazard Analysis
tool.
The method utilizes the hazardous events, event severity,
initiating causes and initiating likelihood data developed
during the Hazard and Operability analysis (HAZOP).
Process Design
Basic Process Control
Alarms, manual intervention
Safety Instrumented Systems
Active protection layer
Passive protection layer
Emergency response layers
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LOPA
How do we use it?
LOPA allows us to determine the risk associated with the
various hazardous events by utilizing their severity and the
likelihood of the events occurring.
LOPA analyzes the risk reduction that can be achieved from
various layers of protection. If additional risk reduction is
required after the reduction provided by process design, the
basic process control system (BPCS), alarms and associated
operator actions, pressure relief valves, etc., a Safety
Instrumented System (SIS) may be required.
The safety integrity level (SIL) of the SIS can be determined
directly from the additional risk reduction required.
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LOPA
What does it all mean?
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LOPA
Referenced Standards
IEC 61508 Functional Safety of
Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safetyrelated Systems
IEC 61511 Functional safety Safety instrumented systems
for the process industry sector
ANSI/ISA S84 Functional safety of safety instrumented
systems for the process industry sector
IEC 62061 Machinery systems
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SIS
SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM
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In accordance with
IEC 61508
IEC 61511
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SIL
SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL
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SIL tests
Implementation and record keeping
After having calculated the test frequencies and having
described the test scenarios, the test activities have to be
implemented in CMMS or a dedicated software program in
order to schedule and execute these activities.
SIL testing activities are considered compliance tasks.
Through the CMMS or a dedicated software program timely
execution of the tasks must be monitored.
Test date and findings must be recorded in CMMS or
dedicated software for reference in audits or RCAs.
Axiom: IF IT ISNT RECORDED, IT WASNT DONE !
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SIL
Reliability aspects not covered by IEC 61508
It is important to understand that IEC 61508 and similar
standards are only concerned with the safety aspects
regarding Probability of Failure on Demand.
For reliability we also have to look at the consequence and
probability of spurious trip. (unjustified trip, false
alarm).
For this reason relying on SIL testing alone may not be
enough and an RCM or FMEA may be needed to identify risks
and mitigating actions related to spurious trip.
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SIL rated
instruments and final elements
Electric and electronic devices can be certified for use in
Functional Safety applications according to IEC 61508,
providing application developers with the evidence required
to demonstrate that the application including the device is
also compliant with IEC 61508.
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Maintenance
Concept
Compliance &
Integrity
Concept
Data &
Document
Concept
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Asset Register
Criticality Analysis
Compliance analysis
RBI
SIL
RCM
Adapt RBM
strategies
Asset
Maintenance Efficiency
Schedule compliance
Root Cause Analysis
Proactive analysis FRACAS
Condition monitoring/analysis
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Training Program
Asset knowlegde
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RELIABILITY ENGINEERING
MODULE 4
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
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